Single-axis mechanical accelerometer and measuring method

Abstract

The invention discloses a single-axis mechanical accelerometer and a measuring method, and relates to the technical field of accelerometer measuring equipment.The single-axis mechanical accelerometer comprises a base and a dome shell installed on the base, a first cavity is formed in the base, and an I-shaped balancing weight capable of axially sliding is installed in the first cavity; a first spring is mounted between the I-shaped balancing weight and the cavity bottom of the first cavity; a conical sleeve capable of sliding in the radial direction is installed in the dome shell, a transverse shaft is inserted into the conical sleeve in a penetrating mode, the two ends of the transverse shaft are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the dome shell, the transverse shaft is sleeved with a second spring, one end of the second spring is fixedly connected to the transverse shaft, and the other end of the second spring is fixedly connected with the conical sleeve. An alarm triggering module is installed on the dome shell, and through the synergistic effect of an I-shaped balancing weight-spring inertia system and a conical sleeve triggering mechanism, the acceleration detection and alarm functions of a pure mechanical structure are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of accelerometer measurement equipment technology, specifically to a single-axis mechanical accelerometer and its measurement method. Background Technology

[0002] Mechanical accelerometers, as a classic inertial measurement device, have wide applications in industrial safety, transportation, and military equipment. While traditional electronic accelerometers offer high accuracy, their reliability is limited in extreme environments (such as high temperatures and strong electromagnetic interference) and they require continuous power supply. This has spurred the continued development of purely mechanical accelerometers.

[0003] Current mechanical accelerometers face several key technical challenges: first, how to achieve reliable acceleration detection without relying on external energy sources; second, how to simplify the mechanical structure to improve reliability while maintaining sensitivity; and third, how to achieve rapid response and accurate triggering. Existing mechanical triggering mechanisms often suffer from complex structures, delayed response, or high false triggering rates. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and provide a single-axis mechanical accelerometer and measurement method. Acceleration is detected through the inertial motion of an I-shaped counterweight, and an alarm is triggered using spring energy storage and mechanical activation. No external power supply is required, making it suitable for impact and vibration monitoring scenarios. All components work collaboratively, ensuring a simple structure and reliable response.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A single-axis mechanical accelerometer includes a base with a first cavity inside. An axially sliding I-shaped counterweight is installed in the first cavity, and a compressed first spring is installed between the I-shaped counterweight and the bottom of the first cavity. A dome-shaped housing is mounted on the base, and a radially sliding conical sleeve is installed within the dome-shaped housing. A convex ring is installed on the top of the I-shaped counterweight for limiting the conical sleeve. A horizontal shaft is inserted into the conical sleeve, and both ends of the horizontal shaft are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the dome-shaped housing. A second spring is sleeved on the horizontal shaft, with one end fixedly connected to the horizontal shaft and the other end fixedly connected to the conical sleeve. An alarm trigger module is installed on the dome-shaped housing.

[0006] When subjected to axial acceleration, the I-shaped counterweight moves downward along the inner wall of the first cavity, the first spring is compressed, the I-shaped counterweight breaks away from the limit on the conical sleeve, and the second spring pushes the conical sleeve to move on the horizontal axis, and the alarm trigger module issues an alarm message.

[0007] Preferably, the first cavity in the base is a cylindrical groove, and the cylindrical groove and the I-shaped counterweight are in clearance fit.

[0008] Preferably, a pressure ring is installed on the inner wall of the first cavity. After the first spring pushes the I-shaped counterweight, the I-shaped counterweight moves along the axial direction of the cylindrical groove, so that the top of the I-shaped counterweight abuts against the lower surface of the pressure ring.

[0009] Preferably, the alarm triggering module includes a first contact and a second contact fixed on the dome housing. A spring plate is provided inside the dome housing. One end of the spring plate is welded to the first contact, and the other end of the spring plate is located below the second contact. When the conical sleeve is pushed to move on the horizontal axis, the end of the spring plate contacts the second contact. An alarm output wire is installed on the first contact and the second contact.

[0010] Preferably, the base has a positioning groove located between the base and the outside of the dome, the bottom of the dome shell has a protruding ring that aligns with the positioning groove, a first fastener is inserted into the dome shell, the positioning groove has a threaded hole, and the first fastener passes through the dome shell and is fastened in the threaded hole.

[0011] Preferably, the dome shell is provided with alarm reset holes, which are distributed parallel to the axis of the conical sleeve.

[0012] Preferably, the I-shaped counterweight has an upper end face and a lower end face, and exhaust holes are provided on the upper end face and the lower end face. The exhaust holes are used to adjust the air pressure balance inside the first cavity. The I-shaped counterweight and the first cavity are in clearance fit (the diameter of the end face of the I-shaped counterweight is slightly smaller than the diameter of the first cavity, and the clearance difference is 0-0.1mm).

[0013] Preferably, the I-shaped counterweight has a first receiving groove inside, which is used to receive the first spring.

[0014] A measurement method for a single-axis mechanical accelerometer includes the following steps: S1. Acceleration detection step: When the accelerometer is subjected to external axial acceleration, the I-shaped counterweight in the first base responds to the acceleration change and slides downward along the axis of the first cavity. S2, Acceleration detection step: The convex ring on the I-shaped counterweight disengages from the side of the conical sleeve, releasing the limiting position on the conical sleeve, allowing the conical sleeve to slide along the axial direction of the transverse axis and move closer to the second contact point; S3. Triggering the alarm: When the acceleration exceeds the set threshold, the convex ring disengages from the conical sleeve's limit. Under the push of the second spring, the conical sleeve triggers the alarm during its movement, and the triggering module outputs an alarm signal.

[0015] Preferably, in step S3, the conical sleeve moves to contact the second contact point, forming a closed loop and outputting an alarm signal.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This design achieves acceleration detection and alarm functions using a purely mechanical structure through the synergistic effect of an I-shaped counterweight-spring inertia system and a conical sleeve triggering mechanism. The combination of an axially sliding I-shaped counterweight and a radially sliding conical sleeve ensures both detection sensitivity and simplifies mechanical complexity. The limiting effect of the I-shaped counterweight and the energy storage characteristics of the second spring ensure the accuracy and speed of the triggering action. The entire system requires no external power supply and is suitable for long-term reliable operation in harsh environments. It is particularly suitable for applications requiring the detection of upward impact acceleration, such as falling object monitoring, transportation safety devices, and industrial equipment protection. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the I-shaped counterweight structure of the present invention; In the diagram, 1 is the base; 101 is the first cavity; 102 is the positioning groove; 2 is the I-shaped counterweight; 201 is the exhaust port; 202 is the first receiving groove; 3 is the first spring; 4 is the dome shell; 401 is the alarm reset hole; 42 is the raised ring; 5 is the conical sleeve; 6 is the horizontal axis; 7 is the second spring; 8 is the alarm trigger module; 82 is the first contact; 83 is the second contact; 84 is the spring plate; 85 is the alarm output wire; 11 is the pressure ring; 12 is the raised ring; and 14 is the first fastener. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Example 1: like Figures 1-3As shown, a single-axis mechanical accelerometer is provided, including a base 1. A first cavity 101 is formed inside the base 1, which accommodates an I-shaped counterweight 2 and a first spring 3. The I-shaped counterweight 2 is installed inside the first cavity 101 and can slide axially along its inner wall, detecting acceleration through inertial motion. The first cavity 101 is typically a cylindrical groove to ensure stable axial sliding of the I-shaped counterweight 2. A first spring 3 is installed between the I-shaped counterweight 2 and the bottom of the first cavity 101, providing a restoring force. Its stiffness affects the sensitivity of the accelerometer (i.e., the trigger threshold). The I-shaped counterweight 2 has an I-shaped structure and can... To enhance stability and prevent swaying, the I-shaped counterweight 2 is fitted with the first cavity 101 with a clearance to ensure smooth sliding and reduce lateral sway. Its end face diameter is slightly smaller than the diameter of the first cavity 101, with a clearance difference of 0–0.1 mm. At least one exhaust hole 201 is provided on the upper and lower end faces of the I-shaped counterweight 2. The exhaust hole 201 is used to balance the air pressure and avoid air resistance affecting the response speed. A pressure ring 11 for limiting is installed on the inner wall of the first cavity 101. The first spring 3 is supported by the bottom of the first cavity 101 and pushes the I-shaped counterweight 2 to move upward along the inner wall of the first cavity 101 until the I-shaped counterweight 2 abuts against the bottom of the pressure ring 11.

[0019] The dome housing 4 is mounted on the base 1, specifically connected as follows: The base 1 has a positioning groove 102 located between the base 1 and the dome housing 4. The bottom of the dome housing 4 has a raised ring 42 that aligns with the positioning groove 102. A first fastener 14 is inserted into the dome housing 4. A threaded hole is provided in the positioning groove 102, and the first fastener 14 passes through the dome housing 4 and is secured in the threaded hole. This positioning structure ensures that after the dome housing 4 is installed, the conical sleeve 5 inside can be accurately positioned by the raised ring 12 on the base. The dome housing 4 protects the internal mechanism, prevents external interference, and provides installation space for the conical sleeve 5 and the alarm trigger module 8. An alarm reset hole 401 is provided on the dome housing 4 for manually resetting the alarm state. The alarm reset holes 401 are distributed parallel to the axis of the conical sleeve 5. The dome housing 4 is fixedly connected to the base 1, ensuring the overall structure is stable.

[0020] A radially sliding conical sleeve 5 is installed in the dome shell 4. The conical sleeve 5 is limited by the I-shaped counterweight 2. In the initial state, the movement of the conical sleeve 5 is restricted. When it is subjected to an upward acceleration along the axis, the limit is released. A horizontal shaft 6 is inserted in the conical sleeve 5. The two ends of the horizontal shaft 6 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the dome shell 4. A second spring 7 is sleeved on the horizontal shaft 6. One end of the second spring 7 is fixedly connected to the horizontal shaft 6, and the other end of the second spring 7 is fixedly connected to the conical sleeve 5. The conical sleeve 5 is driven by the second spring 7. After the I-shaped counterweight 2 is released from the limit, it slides and triggers an alarm. It pushes the spring plate 84 through mechanical contact and connects the alarm circuit.

[0021] An alarm trigger module 8 is installed on the dome housing 4. The alarm trigger module includes a first contact 82 and a second contact 83. The first contact 82 and the second contact 83 are both fixed on the dome housing 4 (usually installed on the same circuit board). The first contact 82 and the second contact 83 are installed on the first circuit board. A spring plate 84 is provided inside the dome housing 4. One end of the spring plate 84 is welded to the first contact 82, and the other end of the spring plate 84 is located below the second contact 83. When the conical sleeve 5 is pushed to move on the horizontal axis 6, it will push the end of the spring plate 84 to contact the second contact 83. An alarm output wire 85 is installed on the first contact 82 and the second contact 83.

[0022] Preferably, the I-shaped counterweight 2 has a first receiving groove 202 inside. The first receiving groove 202 is used to receive the first spring 3, constrain the radial displacement of the top end of the first spring 3, and prevent the first spring 3 from detaching from the support of the I-shaped counterweight 2.

[0023] Example 2: A measurement method for a single-axis mechanical accelerometer is provided. This method achieves alarm information output through the following steps (before output, the first contact 82 and the second contact 83 need to be connected to an alarm device, such as an audible and visual alarm, via alarm output wires 85): S1. Acceleration detection step: The device is installed on a lifting platform or in application scenarios that detect upward impact acceleration, such as falling object monitoring, transportation safety devices, and industrial equipment. When the accelerometer is subjected to external axial (upward) acceleration, the I-shaped counterweight 2 in the first base 1 responds to the acceleration change and slides downward along the axis of the first cavity 101. S2, Acceleration detection step: The I-shaped counterweight 2 moves down, causing the convex ring 12 on it to disengage from the limit on the side of the conical sleeve 5, and the conical sleeve 5 is released, so that the conical sleeve 5 slides along the axial direction of the transverse axis 6 and slides towards the second contact point 83. S3, alarm triggering step: When the acceleration exceeds the set threshold, the convex ring 12 completely disengages from the limit of the conical sleeve 5. The conical sleeve 5 moves under the elastic force of the second spring 7. During the movement, the conical sleeve 5 triggers the alarm triggering module 8 to output an alarm signal. In step S, the conical sleeve 5 moves to contact the second contact point 83, forming a closed loop and outputting an alarm signal. Through the feedback alarm signal, the terminal can control the lifting platform to trigger the safety mechanism to ensure the safety of the lifting operation.

[0024] Working principle: Initial state: Under the elastic force of the first spring 3, the I-shaped counterweight 2 moves upward along the inner wall of the first cavity 101 until it abuts against the bottom of the pressure ring 11. At this time, the I-shaped counterweight 2 limits the conical sleeve 5, preventing it from moving radially. The second spring 7 is in a compressed or pre-tightened state, but because the conical sleeve 5 is restricted by the I-shaped counterweight 2, it cannot slide freely. The alarm trigger module 8 is not triggered, the spring plate 84 separates from the second contact 83, the circuit is disconnected, and there is no alarm signal output. When subjected to vertical upward acceleration: When the device is subjected to upward acceleration (such as impact, vibration, etc.), the I-shaped counterweight 2, due to inertia, overcomes the elastic force of the first spring 3 and slides downward along the inner wall of the first cavity 101, while compressing the first spring 3. When the I-shaped counterweight 2 moves down to a certain position, it disengages from the limiting position of the conical sleeve 5. Under the elastic force of the second spring 7, the conical sleeve 5 slides radially along the horizontal axis 6. When the conical sleeve 5 moves, it pushes the spring plate 84, causing it to contact the second contact point 83, triggering the alarm circuit and issuing an alarm signal (such as an audible and visual alarm or an electrical signal output). Reset Process: After the acceleration disappears, the first spring 3 pushes the I-shaped counterweight 2 back to its original position, re-engaging with the bottom of the pressure ring 11 and restricting the movement of the conical sleeve 5. The conical sleeve 5 can be manually pushed back to its original position through the alarm reset hole 401 (e.g., by pressing with a thin rod), causing the spring plate 84 to separate from the second contact 83, thus clearing the alarm. This accelerometer detects acceleration through the inertial motion of the I-shaped counterweight 2 and uses spring energy storage and mechanical triggering to achieve the alarm. It requires no external power supply and is suitable for scenarios such as impact and vibration monitoring. All components work together to ensure a simple structure and reliable response.

Claims

1. A single-axis mechanical accelerometer characterized by, Include: The base (1) is internally provided with a first cavity (101), the first cavity (101) is provided with a first spring (3) in a compressed state, the first spring (3) is installed between the first cavity (101) and the work-shaped counterweight (2) which can slide axially; The dome shell (4) is installed on the base (1), the dome shell (4) is provided with a conical sleeve (5) which can slide radially, the work-shaped counterweight (2) is provided with a convex ring (12) at the top, the convex ring (12) is used for limiting the conical sleeve (5), the conical sleeve (5) is provided with a horizontal shaft (6), the two ends of the horizontal shaft (6) are fixedly connected with the inner wall of the dome shell (4), the horizontal shaft (6) is provided with a second spring (7), one end of the second spring (7) is fixedly connected with the horizontal shaft (6), the other end of the second spring (7) is fixedly connected with the conical sleeve (5), the dome shell (4) is provided with an alarm trigger module (8).

2. A single-axis mechanical accelerometer according to claim 1, characterized in that The first cavity (101) provided in the base (1) is a cylindrical groove, and the cylindrical groove is in clearance fit with the work-shaped counterweight (2).

3. A single-axis mechanical accelerometer according to claim 2, characterized in that The inner wall of the first cavity (101) is provided with a compression ring (11), after the work-shaped counterweight (2) is pushed by the first spring (3), the work-shaped counterweight (2) is displaced along the axis direction of the cylindrical groove, so that the top of the work-shaped counterweight (2) abuts against the lower surface of the compression ring (11).

4. A single-axis mechanical accelerometer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The alarm trigger module (8) includes a first contact (82) and a second contact (83) fixed on the dome shell (4), the dome shell (4) is provided with a spring sheet (84) inside, one end of the spring sheet (84) is welded on the first contact (82), the other end of the spring sheet (84) is located below the second contact (83), when the conical sleeve (5) is moved on the horizontal shaft (6), the end of the spring sheet (84) is in contact with the second contact (83), the first contact (82) and the second contact (83) are provided with alarm output wires (85).

5. A single-axis mechanical accelerometer according to claim 4, characterized in that The base (1) is provided with a positioning groove (102), the positioning groove (102) is located between the base (1) and the dome shell (4), the bottom of the dome shell (4) is provided with a convex ring (42) which is centrally matched with the positioning groove (102), the dome shell (4) is provided with a first fastener (14), the positioning groove (102) is provided with a threaded hole, and the first fastener (14) is fastened in the threaded hole after penetrating through the dome shell (4).

6. A single-axis mechanical accelerometer according to claim 5, characterized in that, The dome shell (4) is provided with an alarm reset hole (401), and the alarm reset hole (401) is parallelly distributed along the axis direction of the conical sleeve (5).

7. A single-axis mechanical accelerometer according to claim 1, wherein The work-shaped counterweight (2) has an upper end surface and a lower end surface, and the upper end surface and the lower end surface are provided with exhaust holes (201), and the exhaust holes (201) are used for adjusting the internal pressure balance of the first cavity (101).

8. A single-axis mechanical accelerometer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The work-shaped counterweight (2) is internally provided with a first accommodating groove (202), and the first accommodating groove (202) is used for accommodating the first spring (3).

9. A measurement method of a single-axis mechanical accelerometer, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: S1, acceleration detection step, when the accelerometer is subjected to external axial direction acceleration, the I-shaped weight block (2) in the first base (1) responds to the acceleration change, and the I-shaped weight block (2) slides downward along the axis direction of the first cavity (101); S2, acceleration detection step, the convex ring (12) on the I-shaped weight block (2) is separated from the side of the conical sleeve (5), the limiting of the conical sleeve (5) is released, the conical sleeve (5) slides along the axial direction of the transverse axis and approaches the second contact (83); S3, trigger alarm step, when the acceleration exceeds the set threshold, the convex ring (12) is separated from the limiting of the conical sleeve (5), the conical sleeve (5) is pushed by the elastic force of the second spring (7), and the conical sleeve (5) triggers the alarm trigger module (8) to output an alarm signal in the moving process.

10. The measurement method of a single-axis mechanical accelerometer according to claim 9, wherein, In step S3, the conical sleeve (5) moves to contact the second contact (83), forms a closed loop, and outputs an alarm signal.

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