Complex fault zone-oriented variable density seismic acquisition method, electronic equipment, storage medium and device

Abstract

The invention discloses a variable density seismic acquisition method for a complex fault zone, electronic equipment, a storage medium and a device. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring seismic data of a target area; determining a first observation system parameter based on the seismic data; constructing a three-dimensional geophysical model of the target area based on the seismic data; determining a second observation system parameter based on the three-dimensional geophysical model; determining a conventional three-dimensional observation system scheme based on the first observation system parameters; determining a high-density three-dimensional observation system scheme based on the second observation system parameters; and determining conventional and high-density three-dimensional casing mining system schemes based on the conventional three-dimensional observation system scheme and the high-density three-dimensional observation system scheme. According to a conventional and high-density three-dimensional casing mining system scheme, on the basis of conventional three-dimensional acquisition, bunchy high-density three-dimensional acquisition is carried out around a complex fault zone, high-precision imaging of the complex fault zone is achieved, exploration and development of complex fractured oil and gas reservoirs are supported, and the purpose of high yield of thin wells is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of seismic exploration, and more particularly relates to a variable-density seismic acquisition method for a complex fault zone, an electronic device, a storage medium and an apparatus. BACKGROUND

[0002] Seismic wave field is complex in a complex fault zone, and diffraction waves develop, and seismic imaging is difficult. Forward simulation research and field tests have confirmed that diffraction waves formed by faults are positively correlated with the size of the faults in terms of energy intensity, and are mainly concentrated in a 30-degree incidence angle range. Small bin and high shot density acquisition is an effective means to improve the imaging of the inside and secondary faults in a complex fault zone.

[0003] However, high-density spatial sampling and high-coverage observation mean a sharp increase in acquisition cost. At present, a commonly used method is to deploy small-range high-density seismic acquisition in a favorable area. On the one hand, due to the small deployment area, the unit acquisition cost is high; on the other hand, only the local imaging effect can be improved, and the effect of exploration and development is not obvious.

[0004] The information disclosed in the background section of this application is only intended to deepen the understanding of the general background of the application, and should not be regarded as recognition or in any form as implying that this information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a variable-density seismic acquisition method for a complex fault zone, an electronic device, a storage medium and an apparatus, which realizes beam-shaped high-density three-dimensional acquisition around a complex fault zone on the basis of conventional three-dimensional acquisition, so as to realize high-precision imaging of the complex fault zone.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides a variable-density seismic acquisition method for a complex fault zone, an electronic device, a storage medium and an apparatus.

[0007] According to a first aspect of the present application, a variable-density seismic acquisition method for a complex fault zone is provided, comprising:

[0008] acquiring seismic data of a target area;

[0009] determining first observation system parameters based on the seismic data;

[0010] constructing a three-dimensional geophysical model of the target area based on the seismic data;

[0011] determining second observation system parameters based on the three-dimensional geophysical model;

[0012] determining a conventional three-dimensional observation system scheme based on the first observation system parameters;

[0013] determining a high-density three-dimensional observation system scheme based on the second observation system parameter;

[0014] determining a conventional and high-density three-dimensional observation system scheme based on the conventional three-dimensional observation system scheme and the high-density three-dimensional observation system scheme.

[0015] Optionally, the first observation system parameter is a parameter required for reflection wave migration, including:

[0016] bin size, arrangement length, fold, receiver line distance and shot line distance.

[0017] Optionally, the determining the second observation system parameter based on the three-dimensional geophysical model specifically includes:

[0018] determining an arrangement length corresponding to a set of diffracted waves based on the three-dimensional geophysical model and a main fracture.

[0019] carrying out fast migration imaging of different bin size acquisition schemes based on the three-dimensional geophysical model, and determining a maximum bin size required for imaging a complex fracture zone based on the fast migration imaging result.

[0020] Optionally, the determining the conventional and high-density three-dimensional observation system scheme based on the conventional three-dimensional observation system scheme and the high-density three-dimensional observation system scheme includes:

[0021] carrying out fast migration imaging of the conventional three-dimensional observation system scheme in the target area based on the three-dimensional geophysical model, and determining a conventional three-dimensional acquisition layout range based on the fast migration imaging result.

[0022] carrying out fast migration imaging of the high-density three-dimensional observation system scheme along the complex fracture zone within the conventional three-dimensional acquisition layout range based on the three-dimensional geophysical model, and determining a high-density three-dimensional acquisition layout range based on the fast migration imaging result.

[0023] Optionally, the set of diffracted waves includes:

[0024] diffracted waves with an incident angle of 30°.

[0025] Optionally, the seismic data includes:

[0026] surface elevation data of the target area, near-surface investigation interpretation result data, stratigraphic layering data and seismic interpretation result data.

[0027] Optionally, the three-dimensional geophysical model can reflect near-surface structure, stratigraphic structure and fracture characteristics of the target area.

[0028] According to a second aspect of the present application, a variable-density seismic acquisition device for complex fault zones is provided, comprising:

[0029] an acquisition module configured to acquire seismic data of a target area;

[0030] a first determination module configured to determine a first geometry parameter based on the seismic data;

[0031] a construction module configured to construct a three-dimensional geophysical model of the target area based on the seismic data;

[0032] a second determination module configured to determine a second geometry parameter based on the three-dimensional geophysical model;

[0033] a third determination module configured to determine a conventional three-dimensional geometry scheme based on the first geometry parameter;

[0034] a fourth determination module configured to determine a high-density three-dimensional geometry scheme based on the second geometry parameter;

[0035] a fifth determination module configured to determine a conventional and high-density three-dimensional geometry scheme based on the conventional three-dimensional geometry scheme and the high-density three-dimensional geometry scheme.

[0036] According to a third aspect of the present application, an electronic device is provided, comprising:

[0037] at least one processor; and

[0038] a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein

[0039] the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method of any one of the first aspect.

[0040] According to a fourth aspect of the present application, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided, which stores computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the method of any one of the first aspect.

[0041] The beneficial effect of the present application is that: the first observation system parameter is determined through the seismic data, and then the conventional three-dimensional observation system scheme is determined; the second observation system parameter is determined through the three-dimensional geophysical model constructed by the seismic data, and then the high-density three-dimensional observation system scheme is determined; then the conventional and high-density three-dimensional sleeve acquisition system scheme is determined through the conventional three-dimensional observation system scheme and the high-density three-dimensional observation system scheme, and the target area is acquired through the conventional and high-density three-dimensional sleeve acquisition system scheme, so that the beam-shaped high-density three-dimensional acquisition around the complex fault zone is realized on the basis of the conventional three-dimensional acquisition, and the high-precision imaging of the complex fault zone is realized, so as to support the exploration and development of the complex fault oil and gas reservoir, and achieve the goal of high yield with few wells.

[0042] The system of the present application has other characteristics and advantages that will be apparent from and / or set forth in the accompanying drawings and the detailed description that follows, as they are made in conjunction with the particular principles of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0043] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present application will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters refer to like parts throughout and in which:

[0044] Figure 1 A flow chart showing the steps of a variable-density seismic acquisition method for complex fault zones according to the present application is shown.

[0045] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a conventional three-dimensional and high-density three-dimensional sleeve acquisition scheme according to embodiment 2 of the present application is shown.

[0046] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the effect of variable-density seismic acquisition according to embodiment 2 of the present application is shown.

[0047] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a variable-density seismic acquisition device for complex fault zones according to embodiment 3 of the present application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The present application will be described in more detail by referring to the attached drawings. Although preferred embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided so that the present application is more thorough and complete, and the scope of the present application is fully conveyed to those skilled in the art.

[0049] As Figure 1As shown, a variable-density seismic acquisition method for a complex fault zone according to the present application comprises:

[0050] Acquiring seismic data of a target area;

[0051] Determining first observation system parameters based on the seismic data;

[0052] Constructing a three-dimensional geophysical model of the target area based on the seismic data;

[0053] Determining second observation system parameters based on the three-dimensional geophysical model;

[0054] Determining a conventional three-dimensional observation system scheme based on the first observation system parameters;

[0055] Determining a high-density three-dimensional observation system scheme based on the second observation system parameters;

[0056] Determining a conventional and high-density three-dimensional observation system scheme based on the conventional three-dimensional observation system scheme and the high-density three-dimensional observation system scheme.

[0057] Specifically, the present application first determines first observation system parameters required for reflection wave migration based on previously acquired seismic data, with the target being the exploration stratum, and designs a conventional three-dimensional observation system scheme according to the first observation system parameters; then establishes a three-dimensional geophysical model based on the previously acquired seismic data, and based on the model, develops reverse illumination with the main fault as the target, determines the arrangement length corresponding to the diffraction wave with an incident angle of 30 degrees, develops fast migration imaging of different bin sizes acquisition schemes, determines the maximum bin size required for complex fault imaging, and designs a high-density three-dimensional observation system scheme according to the arrangement length and the maximum bin size; on the basis of the conventional three-dimensional acquisition, high-density acquisition is carried out along the complex fault zone, the high-density three-dimensional layout range is determined according to the fast migration imaging effect, and on the basis of the conventional three-dimensional acquisition (long arrangement, large bin, and low fold), beam-shaped high-density three-dimensional acquisition (short arrangement, small bin, and high fold) is carried out around the complex fault zone with the high-density three-dimensional layout range, thereby realizing high-precision imaging of the complex fault zone.

[0058] In one example, the first observation system parameters are parameters required for reflection wave migration based on the exploration stratum, including:

[0059] Bin size, arrangement length, fold, receiver line distance, and shot line distance.

[0060] In one example, determining the second observation system parameters based on the three-dimensional geophysical model specifically includes:

[0061] Based on the three-dimensional geophysical model, the reverse lighting is carried out with the main fault as the target, and the arrangement length corresponding to the set diffracted wave is determined.

[0062] Based on the three-dimensional geophysical model, the fast migration imaging of different bin sizes is carried out, and the maximum bin size required for imaging of the complex fault zone is determined based on the fast migration imaging result.

[0063] In one example, the determination of the conventional and high-density three-dimensional acquisition system scheme based on the conventional three-dimensional observation system scheme and the high-density three-dimensional observation system scheme comprises:

[0064] Based on the three-dimensional geophysical model, the fast migration imaging of the conventional three-dimensional observation system scheme is carried out in the target area, and the conventional three-dimensional acquisition layout range is determined based on the fast migration imaging result.

[0065] Based on the three-dimensional geophysical model, the fast migration imaging of the high-density three-dimensional observation system scheme is carried out along the complex fault zone within the conventional three-dimensional acquisition layout range, and the high-density three-dimensional acquisition layout range is determined based on the fast migration imaging result.

[0066] In one example, the set diffracted wave comprises:

[0067] The diffracted wave with an incident angle of 30°.

[0068] In one example, the seismic data comprises:

[0069] The surface elevation data of the target area, the near-surface investigation interpretation result data, the stratigraphic layering data and the seismic interpretation result data.

[0070] In one example, the three-dimensional geophysical model can reflect the near-surface structure, stratigraphic structure and fault characteristics of the target area.

[0071] The present application will be further described below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments, but not as a limitation of the present application. It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0072] Embodiment 1

[0073] The present embodiment provides a variable-density seismic acquisition method for a complex fault zone, comprising:

[0074] Based on the previous seismic data, the first observation system parameters such as bin size, array length, fold, receiver line distance, shot line distance parameters required for reflection wave migration are determined for the target exploration stratum, and a conventional 3D observation system scheme is designed according to the first observation system parameters; then a 3D geophysical model is established based on the previous seismic data, and the array length corresponding to the 30-degree incident angle of the diffraction wave is determined based on the model for the target main fracture, the fast migration imaging of different bin size acquisition schemes is carried out, the maximum bin size required for complex fracture imaging is determined, and a high-density 3D observation system scheme is designed according to the array length and the maximum bin size; on the basis of conventional 3D acquisition, high-density acquisition is carried out along the complex fracture zone, and the high-density 3D layout range is determined according to the fast migration imaging effect; on the basis of conventional 3D acquisition (long array, large bin, low fold), beam-shaped high-density 3D acquisition (short array, small bin, high fold) is carried out around the complex fracture zone within the high-density 3D layout range, and high-precision imaging of the complex fracture zone is realized.

[0075] Embodiment 2

[0076] The embodiment provides a variable-density seismic acquisition method for a complex fracture zone, comprising:

[0077] Step 1, based on the previous seismic data, the bin size, array length, fold, receiver line distance and other parameters required for reflection wave migration are determined for the target exploration stratum;

[0078] Step 2, a 3D geophysical model of the work area is established based on the previous seismic data;

[0079] Step 3, based on the 3D geophysical model, the array length corresponding to the 30-degree diffraction is determined by carrying out reverse illumination for the target main fracture; the fast migration imaging of different bin size acquisition schemes is carried out, and the bin size required for complex fracture imaging is determined;

[0080] Step 4, a conventional 3D observation system scheme is designed according to the parameters determined in step 1, and a high-density 3D observation system scheme is designed according to the parameters determined in step 3;

[0081] Step 5, conventional and high-density 3D acquisition scheme design. On the basis of conventional 3D acquisition, high-density acquisition is carried out along the complex fracture zone, and the high-density 3D layout range is determined according to the fast migration imaging effect.

[0082] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a conventional 3D and high-density 3D acquisition scheme obtained by a method according to the embodiment in a certain exploration area is shown, Figure 3 An effect diagram of variable-density seismic acquisition in a certain exploration area using a conventional 3D and high-density 3D acquisition scheme is shown.

[0083] Embodiment 3

[0084] As Figure 4 shown, the embodiment provides a variable-density seismic acquisition device for a complex fault zone, comprising:

[0085] An acquisition module is configured to acquire seismic data of a target region.

[0086] A first determination module is configured to determine a first observation system parameter based on the seismic data.

[0087] A construction module is configured to construct a three-dimensional geophysical model of the target region based on the seismic data.

[0088] A second determination module is configured to determine a second observation system parameter based on the three-dimensional geophysical model.

[0089] A third determination module is configured to determine a conventional three-dimensional observation system scheme based on the first observation system parameter.

[0090] A fourth determination module is configured to determine a high-density three-dimensional observation system scheme based on the second observation system parameter.

[0091] A fifth determination module is configured to determine a conventional and high-density three-dimensional nested system scheme based on the conventional three-dimensional observation system scheme and the high-density three-dimensional observation system scheme.

[0092] Embodiment 4

[0093] The embodiment of the present disclosure also provides an electronic device, which comprises:

[0094] at least one processor; and

[0095] a memory in communication with the at least one processor; wherein

[0096] the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the variable-density seismic acquisition method for a complex fault zone in embodiment 1.

[0097] The electronic device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure comprises a memory and a processor, and the memory is configured to store non-transitory computer readable instructions. Specifically, the memory can comprise one or more computer program products, which can comprise various forms of computer readable storage media, such as volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. The volatile memory may, for example, include random access memory (RAM), cache memory, and / or the like. The non-volatile memory may, for example, include read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, and / or the like.

[0098] The processor can be a central processing unit (CPU) or other form of processing unit that has data processing and / or instruction execution capabilities, and can control other components in the electronic device to perform desired functions. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the processor is configured to execute the computer-readable instructions stored in the memory.

[0099] Those skilled in the art will understand that, in order to solve the technical problem of how to obtain a good user experience effect, the embodiments can also include well-known structures such as a communication bus, an interface, and the like, which should also be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0100] Detailed descriptions of the embodiments can refer to the corresponding descriptions in the foregoing embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0101] Embodiment 5

[0102] The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the method of the complex fault zone-oriented variable-density seismic acquisition in Embodiment 1.

[0103] The computer-readable storage medium according to the embodiments of the present disclosure has non-transitory computer-readable instructions stored thereon. When the non-transitory computer-readable instructions are run by a processor, all or part of the steps of the method of the embodiments of the present disclosure are executed.

[0104] The computer-readable storage medium described above includes, but is not limited to, an optical storage medium (for example, a CD-ROM and a DVD), a magneto-optical storage medium (for example, an MO), a magnetic storage medium (for example, a magnetic tape or a mobile hard disk), a medium with a built-in rewritable nonvolatile memory (for example, a memory card), and a medium with a built-in ROM (for example, a ROM cartridge).

[0105] The embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, and the above description is exemplary, not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and changes are obvious to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

Claims

1. A method of variable density seismic acquisition for complex fault zones, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: acquiring seismic data of a target area; determining first observation system parameters based on the seismic data; constructing a three-dimensional geophysical model of the target area based on the seismic data; determining second observation system parameters based on the three-dimensional geophysical model; determining a conventional three-dimensional observation system scheme based on the first observation system parameters; determining a high-density three-dimensional observation system scheme based on the second observation system parameters; determining a conventional and high-density three-dimensional observation system scheme based on the conventional three-dimensional observation system scheme and the high-density three-dimensional observation system scheme.

2. The variable density seismic acquisition method for complex fault zones according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first observation system parameters are parameters required for reflection wave migration based on the target exploration stratum, including: bin size, arrangement length, fold, receiver line distance, and shot line distance.

3. The variable density seismic acquisition method for complex fault zones of claim 1, wherein, The determination of the second observation system parameters based on the three-dimensional geophysical model comprises the following steps: determining the arrangement length corresponding to the set diffraction wave based on the three-dimensional geophysical model and the target main fracture; determining the maximum bin size required for imaging of the complex fracture zone based on the fast migration imaging of different bin sizes.

4. The variable density seismic acquisition method for complex fault zones of claim 1, wherein, The determination of the conventional and high-density three-dimensional observation system scheme based on the conventional three-dimensional observation system scheme and the high-density three-dimensional observation system scheme comprises the following steps: performing fast migration imaging of the conventional three-dimensional observation system scheme in the target area based on the three-dimensional geophysical model, and determining the conventional three-dimensional acquisition layout range based on the fast migration imaging result; performing fast migration imaging of the high-density three-dimensional observation system scheme along the complex fracture zone within the conventional three-dimensional acquisition layout range based on the three-dimensional geophysical model, and determining the high-density three-dimensional acquisition layout range based on the fast migration imaging result.

5. The variable density seismic acquisition method for complex fault zones of claim 1, wherein, The set diffraction wave comprises: a diffraction wave with an incident angle of 30°.

6. The variable density seismic acquisition method for complex fault zones of claim 1, wherein, The seismic data comprises: surface elevation data, near-surface investigation and interpretation result data, stratum layering data, and seismic interpretation result data of the target area.

7. The variable density seismic acquisition method for complex fault zones of claim 1, wherein, The three-dimensional geophysical model can reflect the near-surface structure, stratum structure, and fracture characteristics of the target area.

8. An electronic device, comprising: The electronic device comprises: at least one processor; and a memory connected to the at least one processor in communication; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method for variable-density seismic acquisition facing a complex fracture zone according to any one of claims 1-7.

9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, comprising: The non-transitory computer readable storage medium stores computer instructions for causing a computer to perform the method for variable-density seismic acquisition facing a complex fracture zone according to any one of claims 1-7.

10. A variable density seismic acquisition arrangement for complex fault zones, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: an acquisition module configured to acquire seismic data of a target area; a first determination module configured to determine first observation system parameters based on the seismic data; a construction module configured to construct a three-dimensional geophysical model of the target area based on the seismic data; a second determination module configured to determine second observation system parameters based on the three-dimensional geophysical model; a third determining module configured to determine a conventional three-dimensional observation system scheme based on the first observation system parameter; a fourth determining module configured to determine a high-density three-dimensional observation system scheme based on the second observation system parameter; a fifth determining module configured to determine a conventional and high-density three-dimensional observation system scheme based on the conventional three-dimensional observation system scheme and the high-density three-dimensional observation system scheme.

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