Medium waveguide bend loss suppressor and electronic device

Abstract

The application discloses a medium waveguide bending loss suppressor and electronic equipment, and relates to the radio frequency technical field.The loss suppressor comprises a first curved shielding member and a second curved shielding member arranged opposite to the first curved shielding member; a plurality of waveguide loss suppression members are arranged between the first curved shielding member and the second curved shielding member, the plurality of waveguide loss suppression members are arranged in a plurality of rows along a first direction, and a plurality of row structures are formed. The first curved shielding member, the second curved shielding member and the plurality of waveguide loss suppression members jointly enclose a suppression cavity, and the suppression cavity is used for effectively suppressing input electromagnetic waves and then outputting the electromagnetic waves. An input waveguide is connected to one end of the two shielding members and is in communication with the suppression cavity, so as to guide external electromagnetic waves into the suppression cavity; and an output waveguide is connected to the other end of the two shielding members and is also in communication with the suppression cavity, so as to guide the electromagnetic waves subjected to the suppression treatment out. The technical scheme provided by the application can solve the problems of large direct bending loss and narrow bandwidth of the existing medium waveguide.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of radio frequency technology, and in particular to a dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor and an electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous advancement of technology, the demand for higher integration and smaller size in electronic devices is becoming increasingly urgent. High-density integration is crucial because it not only improves device performance and functional density but also effectively reduces size and weight, lowers power consumption, enhances reliability, and extends lifespan. Against this backdrop, dielectric waveguides (DWGs), as structures that transmit electromagnetic waves without relying on conductors, have become a potential solution to signal loss problems in high-frequency interconnects due to their lack of conductor loss. Furthermore, dielectric waveguides have low manufacturing costs and have been widely used in millimeter-wave, terahertz, and even optical fields. However, due to the lack of a metallic shielding layer, dielectric waveguides have weaker ability to confine electromagnetic waves and are prone to energy leakage when bent, leading to significant transmission loss and electromagnetic compatibility issues. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop bending connection structures with anti-interference capabilities. In recent years, researchers have proposed various interconnection schemes related to dielectric waveguides, such as a connector based on CNC machining technology with an operating frequency band of 75–110 GHz, which can achieve multi-angle interconnection between two rectangular dielectric waveguides with different bending angles. However, existing technologies still have significant limitations, such as only supporting a single connection angle, only applicable to the interconnection of two waveguides, large overall size, and high insertion loss. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main objective of this invention is to propose a dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor and electronic device, aiming to solve the problems of high direct bending loss and narrow bandwidth in existing dielectric waveguides.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes a dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor, comprising:

[0005] First curved shielding component;

[0006] The second curved shielding component is disposed opposite to the first curved shielding component;

[0007] Multiple waveguide loss suppression components are arranged between the first curved shield and the second curved shield, and are spaced apart in multiple rows along the first direction. The multiple waveguide loss suppression components, the first curved shield, and the second curved shield enclose a suppression cavity, which is used to suppress the loss of the input electromagnetic wave before outputting it.

[0008] An input waveguide is connected to one end of the first curved shield and one end of the second curved shield, and communicates with the suppression cavity, for guiding the input electromagnetic wave to the suppression cavity;

[0009] An output waveguide is connected to the other end of the first curved shield and the second curved shield, respectively, and communicates with the suppression cavity to guide the output of electromagnetic waves after loss suppression.

[0010] In one embodiment, the first curved shielding member and the second curved shielding member are both arc-shaped structures;

[0011] The waveguide loss suppression elements are arranged in two rows at intervals along a first direction, and the two rows of waveguide loss suppression elements are arranged on the opposite inner and outer edges of the first curved shield.

[0012] In one embodiment, each of the waveguide loss suppressors has a first side facing the input waveguide;

[0013] In two adjacent waveguide loss suppression components located on the inner edge, the line connecting the center of the inner edge to the first side surface of one of the waveguide loss suppression components is defined as the first line, and the line connecting the center of the inner edge to the first side surface of the other waveguide loss suppression component is defined as the second line. The angle between the first line and the second line is greater than 0 degrees and not greater than 4.5 degrees; and / or

[0014] In the two adjacent waveguide loss suppression components located on the outer edge, the line connecting the center of the inner edge to the first side surface of one of the waveguide loss suppression components is defined as the third line, and the line connecting the center of the inner edge to the first side surface of the other waveguide loss suppression component is defined as the fourth line. The angle between the third line and the fourth line is greater than 0 degrees and not greater than 3.5 degrees.

[0015] In one embodiment, the first curved shield and the second curved shield are both torsion structures.

[0016] In one embodiment, the inner diameter of the input waveguide gradually decreases from the end furthest from the first curved shield to the end closest to the first curved shield.

[0017] In one embodiment, the inner diameter of the output waveguide gradually increases from the end closer to the first curved shield to the end farther away from the first curved shield.

[0018] In one embodiment, the input waveguide has a first waveguide cavity, and a waveguide input port and a first connecting port communicating with the first waveguide cavity. The waveguide input port and the first connecting port are disposed opposite to each other, and the first connecting port is communicating with the suppression cavity. The output waveguide has a second waveguide cavity, and a waveguide output port and a second connecting port communicating with the second waveguide cavity. The waveguide output port and the second connecting port are disposed opposite to each other, and the second connecting port is communicating with the suppression cavity.

[0019] In one embodiment, the length of the second waveguide cavity is the same as the length of the first waveguide cavity; and / or

[0020] The waveguide output port has the same width, height, and thickness as the waveguide input port; and / or

[0021] The second connection port has the same width, height and thickness as the first connection port.

[0022] In one embodiment, the first curved shield, the second curved shield, the plurality of waveguide loss suppression components, the input waveguide, and the output waveguide are integrally formed.

[0023] The present invention also proposes an electronic device comprising the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor described above.

[0024] The technical solution of this invention involves arranging a first curved shield and a second curved shield opposite to each other, with multiple rows of waveguide loss suppressors spaced apart along a first direction between them, thereby collectively enclosing a suppression cavity surrounding the curved path of the dielectric waveguide. This suppression cavity not only provides a semi-enclosed space with electromagnetic confinement capabilities for the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the curved path, but also compensates for the insufficient field confinement capability of traditional dielectric waveguides due to the lack of metal cladding through the double-sided curved shielding structure, suppressing transmission losses caused by mode radiation and energy leakage during the bending process. The input waveguide and output waveguide are respectively connected to the two ends of the first and second curved shields and communicate with the suppression cavity, ensuring that the electromagnetic wave remains within the suppression cavity throughout its propagation along the curved path. During this process, the wave undergoes field distribution reconstruction, mode matching, and energy refocusing regulated by the multiple rows of waveguide loss suppressors, and is then efficiently extracted through the output waveguide. In particular, this structure overcomes the limitations of existing CNC-machined connectors, which only support a single connection angle and are only suitable for two-waveguide interconnection. Its multi-row suppression components and double shielding work synergistically to adapt to various bending angles and multi-channel interconnection requirements, while maintaining a compact overall structure that significantly reduces device size. Compared to existing technologies that suffer from high insertion loss and poor electromagnetic compatibility due to structural rigidity, large size, and insufficient shielding, this invention, by constructing a bending suppression cavity with dual functions of electromagnetic shielding and loss regulation, not only reduces radiation loss and mode mismatch loss of high-frequency signals in bending paths but also improves the integration and interconnection flexibility of dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressors. This effectively meets the urgent need for low-loss, high-reliability interconnect structures in high-density, miniaturized electronic devices in the millimeter-wave and even terahertz frequency bands. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 A top view of the overall structure of the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4A simulation top view of the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a conventional rectangular dielectric waveguide direct bending structure provided for this invention;

[0031] Figure 6 Simulated S-parameter performance diagrams of the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor provided by the present invention and the traditional rectangular dielectric waveguide direct bending structure operating in the w-band.

[0032] Figure 7 A top view of the electric field distribution of the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor provided by the present invention when it operates at 95 GHz;

[0033] Figure 8 Top view of the electric field distribution of a conventional rectangular dielectric waveguide direct bending structure operating at 95 GHz, provided for the invention.

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a traditional rectangular dielectric waveguide with a bending radius r1 = 10 mm and a bending angle θ2 = 45 degrees.

[0035] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor provided by the present invention, showing a bending radius r1 = 10 mm and a bending angle θ2 = 45 degrees;

[0036] Figure 11 Simulated S-parameter performance diagrams of the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor provided by the present invention and the traditional rectangular dielectric waveguide direct bending structure with bending radius r1 = 10 mm and bending angle θ2 = 45 degrees.

[0037] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a traditional rectangular dielectric waveguide that is directly bent into a torsion structure with a torsion angle of 90 degrees.

[0038] Figure 13 The dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor provided by the present invention is a torsion structure with a torsion angle of 90 degrees.

[0039] Figure 14 Simulated S-parameter performance diagrams of the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor provided by the present invention and the traditional rectangular dielectric waveguide direct bending structure with a torsion structure and a torsion angle of 90 degrees are shown.

[0040] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor provided by the present invention, with bending radius r1 = 10 mm, bending angle θ2 = 90 degrees, and E-plane bending structure.

[0041] Figure 16 The simulation S-parameter performance diagrams of the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor provided by the present invention and the traditional rectangular dielectric waveguide direct bending structure with bending radius r1 = 10 mm and bending angle θ2 = 90 degrees, and E-plane bending are shown.

[0042] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0043] 100, Dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor; 10, First curved shield; 20, Second curved shield; 30, Waveguide loss suppressor; 1001, Suppression cavity; 40, Input waveguide; 401, First waveguide cavity; 402, Waveguide input port; 403, First connecting port; 50, Output waveguide; 501, Second waveguide cavity; 502, Waveguide output port; 503, Second connecting port; 200, Dielectric waveguide.

[0044] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] With the continuous advancement of technology, the demand for higher integration and smaller size in electronic devices is becoming increasingly urgent. High-density integration is crucial because it not only improves device performance and functional density but also effectively reduces size and weight, lowers power consumption, enhances reliability, and extends lifespan. Against this backdrop, dielectric waveguides (DWGs), as structures that transmit electromagnetic waves without relying on conductors, have become a potential solution to signal loss problems in high-frequency interconnects due to their lack of conductor loss. Furthermore, dielectric waveguides have low manufacturing costs and have been widely used in millimeter-wave, terahertz, and even optical fields. However, due to the lack of a metallic shielding layer, dielectric waveguides have weaker ability to confine electromagnetic waves and are prone to energy leakage when bent, leading to significant transmission loss and electromagnetic compatibility issues. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop bending connection structures with anti-interference capabilities. In recent years, researchers have proposed various interconnection schemes related to dielectric waveguides, such as a connector based on CNC machining technology with an operating frequency band of 75–110 GHz, which can achieve multi-angle interconnection between two rectangular dielectric waveguides with different bending angles. However, existing technologies still have significant limitations, such as only supporting a single connection angle, only applicable to the interconnection of two waveguides, large overall size, and high insertion loss.

[0047] To address the aforementioned challenges, this invention proposes a dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor 100, which aims to solve the problems of high direct bending loss and narrow bandwidth in existing dielectric waveguides.

[0048] Please see Figure 1 In one embodiment of the present invention, the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor 100 includes:

[0049] First curved shielding component 10;

[0050] The second curved shield 20 is disposed opposite to the first curved shield 10;

[0051] Multiple waveguide loss suppression components 30 are arranged between the first curved shield 10 and the second curved shield 20, and are arranged in multiple rows at intervals along the first direction. The multiple waveguide loss suppression components 30, the first curved shield 10 and the second curved shield 20 enclose and form a suppression cavity 1001. The suppression cavity 1001 is used to suppress the loss of the input electromagnetic wave before outputting it.

[0052] The input waveguide 40 is connected to one end of the first curved shield 10 and the second curved shield 20 respectively, and is connected to the suppression cavity 1001 to guide the input electromagnetic wave to the suppression cavity 1001.

[0053] The output waveguide 50 is connected to the other end of the first curved shield 10 and the second curved shield 20, respectively, and is connected to the suppression cavity 1001 to guide the output of electromagnetic waves after loss suppression.

[0054] Understandably, given that existing connectors are primarily designed for rectangular dielectric waveguides, whose cross-sections typically have a large aspect ratio or symmetry, they readily support the propagation of higher-order modes (such as TM modes). The presence of higher-order modes can lead to mode dispersion, field distortion, and interference with the dominant mode (such as TM modes). The coupling loss between the electromagnetic wave and the quasi-TEM mode reduces the transmission efficiency of electromagnetic waves and exacerbates signal distortion.

[0055] To address this, the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor 100 of the present invention is provided with a first curved shield 10 and a second curved shield 20, both of which are continuously varying curved structures, such as arcs, twists, or helices. Such non-straight-through, asymmetric geometric configurations with spatial curvature introduce strong boundary condition perturbations and transverse field constraint gradients, making it difficult for higher-order modes (especially boundary-sensitive TM modes) to meet the cutoff conditions and field dwell stability required for their propagation. Specifically, higher-order TM modes typically rely on a strong electric field component perpendicular to the dielectric interface in a specific direction. However, in the curved, twisted, or helical paths formed by the curved shield structure, the electric field direction continuously changes, the boundary curvature leads to mode orthogonality destruction, and the effective refractive index distribution is drastically modulated along the propagation path, causing higher-order TM modes to rapidly attenuate or be cut off. Therefore, this curved shield structure can suppress the excitation and maintenance of higher-order modes, allowing only lower-order dominant modes (such as...) The stable transmission of the fundamental mode (or similar mode) effectively improves transmission purity, reduces inter-mode interference, and improves overall insertion loss and bandwidth performance.

[0056] Based on this, in order to reduce electromagnetic wave radiation leakage in the curved path and enhance the lateral constraint on the propagation mode, the first curved shield 10 and the second curved shield 20 are both made of metal (such as copper, aluminum or their alloys). In this way, the high conductivity of the metal surface can form an effective electromagnetic boundary condition, reflect the dissipated electromagnetic field energy, thereby significantly suppressing the energy radiation loss in the curved path and improving the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness and anti-interference capability of the overall structure.

[0057] To facilitate manufacturing, assembly, and symmetrical control of the electromagnetic field distribution, the first curved shield 10 and the second curved shield 20 of the present invention adopt a design with the same shape; for example, when the first curved shield 10 is arc-shaped, the second curved shield 20 is also an arc with the same radius of curvature and direction, thereby ensuring the geometric symmetry and field distribution uniformity of the suppression cavity 1001 in the cross-section.

[0058] Meanwhile, multiple waveguide loss suppression elements 30 are arranged between the first curved shield 10 and the second curved shield 20. These waveguide loss suppression elements 30, together with the first curved shield 10 and the second curved shield 20, form a suppression cavity 1001 for guiding and modulating electromagnetic waves. It is important to note that if the suppression cavity 1001 is designed as a completely enclosed metal cavity (i.e., a fully enclosed cavity), its interior will possess resonant characteristics similar to a rectangular metal waveguide, easily supporting various higher-order modes, including TM modes, and potentially exciting high-frequency waves. Strong coupling between waveguide loss suppression elements and TM modes leads to mode mixing, transmission phase distortion, and increased insertion loss. To overcome this problem, this invention arranges multiple waveguide loss suppression elements 30 in multiple rows along a first direction (i.e., the length extension direction of the first curved shield 10 and / or the second curved shield 20), for example, two, three, or more rows; and in each row, a certain distance is maintained between any two adjacent waveguide loss suppression elements 30, the specific distance of which can be set according to the operating frequency band and mode cutoff characteristics. Since the waveguide loss suppression elements 30 in each row are discretely distributed and there are open gaps between rows, the entire suppression cavity 1001 actually constitutes a semi-closed cavity structure. In this way, on the one hand, the effective constraint of the electromagnetic field in the main propagation direction by the metal shield can be retained, and on the other hand, mode selectivity is introduced through the periodic or quasi-periodic opening / gap structure: higher-order modes (especially TM modes that are sensitive to lateral dimensions) are rapidly attenuated because they cannot maintain a stable field distribution under discontinuous boundaries, while the fundamental mode or low-order TE mode can pass smoothly due to its stronger field localization and lower cutoff frequency. In addition, this semi-enclosed structure can effectively reduce the cavity Q value, suppress resonance spikes, broaden the operating bandwidth, and further reduce parasitic coupling and multiple reflection effects caused by the fully enclosed cavity, thereby achieving excellent mode purity and electromagnetic compatibility performance while ensuring low-loss transmission.

[0059] To achieve electromagnetic wave input and output, the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor 100 of the present invention further includes an input waveguide 40 and an output waveguide 50. The input waveguide 40 and output waveguide 50 are each connected between a first curved shield 10 and a second curved shield 20, with the input waveguide 40 located at one end and the output waveguide 50 at the other end. Alternatively, the first curved shield 10 and the second curved shield 20 are positioned opposite each other and extend along the curved propagation path of the electromagnetic wave, jointly forming the lateral boundary of the suppression cavity 1001, and are respectively arranged between the input waveguide 40 and the output waveguide 50. The suppression cavity 1001, enclosed by the first curved shield 10, the second curved shield 20, and multiple rows of spaced waveguide loss suppressors 30, connects the input waveguide 40 and the output waveguide 50, forming a complete electromagnetic wave transmission path. External electromagnetic waves are guided and initially constrained by the input waveguide 40 before entering the suppression cavity 1001. Within the suppression cavity 1001, they undergo mode screening, field distribution reconstruction, and radiation loss suppression. Subsequently, the optimized electromagnetic waves are output from the suppression cavity 1001 to the output waveguide 50, where they are further guided and coupled to downstream circuits or waveguide structures. Thus, by effectively guiding and confining the incident electromagnetic waves through the input waveguide 40, preventing diffusion or mode mismatch before entering the suppression cavity 1001, and by directionally extracting and impedance matching the outgoing electromagnetic waves through the output waveguide 50, overall insertion loss is reduced, higher-order mode excitation is suppressed, and transmission efficiency and signal integrity between ports are improved. Furthermore, this design enhances the interconnect reliability and electromagnetic compatibility of the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor 100 at high frequencies (such as millimeter-wave or terahertz bands), providing a low-loss, miniaturized waveguide interconnect solution that supports multi-angle bending for high-density integrated electronic devices.

[0060] In summary, the technical solution of this invention arranges a first curved shield 10 and a second curved shield 20 opposite to each other, and arranges multiple rows of waveguide loss suppressors 30 at intervals along a first direction between them, thereby jointly enclosing a suppression cavity 1001 surrounding the curved path of the dielectric waveguide 200. This suppression cavity 1001 not only provides a semi-enclosed space with electromagnetic confinement capabilities for the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the curved path, but also compensates for the insufficient field confinement capability of traditional dielectric waveguides due to the lack of metal cladding through its double-sided curved shielding structure, suppressing transmission losses caused by mode radiation and energy leakage during the bending process. The input waveguide 40 and the output waveguide 50 are respectively connected to the two ends of the first curved shield 10 and the second curved shield 20, and communicate with the suppression cavity 1001, so that the electromagnetic wave remains within the suppression cavity 1001 during its propagation along the curved path. During this process, it undergoes field distribution reconstruction, mode matching, and energy refocusing regulated by the multiple rows of waveguide loss suppressors 30, and is then efficiently extracted through the output waveguide 50. In particular, this structure overcomes the limitations of existing CNC-machined connectors, which only support a single connection angle and are only suitable for two-waveguide interconnection. Its multi-row suppression components and double shielding work synergistically to adapt to various bending angles and multi-channel interconnection requirements, while maintaining a compact overall structure that significantly reduces device size. Compared to existing technologies that suffer from high insertion loss and poor electromagnetic compatibility due to structural rigidity, large size, and insufficient shielding, this invention, by constructing a bending suppression cavity 1001 with dual functions of electromagnetic shielding and loss regulation, not only reduces radiation loss and mode mismatch loss of high-frequency signals in the bending path but also improves the integration and interconnection flexibility of the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor 100. This effectively meets the urgent need for low-loss, high-reliability interconnection structures in high-density, miniaturized electronic devices in the millimeter-wave and even terahertz frequency bands.

[0061] like Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, the first curved shield 10 and the second curved shield 20 are respectively arc-shaped structures; a plurality of waveguide loss suppression elements 30 are arranged in two rows at intervals along the first direction, and the two rows of waveguide loss suppression elements 30 are arranged on the opposite inner and outer edges of the first curved shield 10.

[0062] In this embodiment, two rows of waveguide loss suppression elements 30 are respectively positioned close to the inner curved side (the side with a smaller radius of curvature) and the outer curved side (the side with a larger radius of curvature) of the arc-shaped shield, thereby forming a symmetrical or asymmetrical periodic disturbance structure at the inner and outer boundaries of the curved path. This arrangement can effectively compensate for the asymmetry of electromagnetic field distribution caused by the curvature—the field strength is concentrated on the inner side while the field is prone to leakage on the outer side. On the other hand, by simultaneously introducing loss waveguide loss suppression elements 30 in the high field strength region (inner side) and the easily radiated region (outer side), it synergistically enhances the lateral constraint on the main mode and accelerates the attenuation of higher-order modes. Since the waveguide loss suppression elements 30 are arranged at intervals along the arc length direction (i.e., the first direction), the suppression cavity 1001 maintains an open gap in the longitudinal direction, avoiding the formation of a fully enclosed resonant cavity, thereby suppressing the excitation and coupling of higher-order modes such as TM. Meanwhile, the continuous metal boundary of the arc-shaped shielding component is combined with the discretely arranged waveguide loss suppression components 30, which can not only maintain good electromagnetic shielding performance, but also endow the structure with mode selectivity and broadband adaptability, significantly reduce the insertion loss and return loss of the bending section, and improve the stability and efficiency of high-frequency signal transmission.

[0063] like Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, each waveguide loss suppressor 30 has a first side facing the input waveguide 40; among two adjacent waveguide loss suppressors 30 located on their inner edges, the line connecting the center O of the inner edge to the first side of one waveguide loss suppressor 30 is defined as the first line, and the line connecting the center O of the inner edge to the first side of the other waveguide loss suppressor 30 is defined as the second line, the angle θ1 between the first line and the second line is greater than 0 degrees and not greater than 4.5 degrees; and / or

[0064] In the two adjacent waveguide loss suppression components 30 located on the outer edge, the line connecting the center O of the inner edge to the first side of one of the waveguide loss suppression components 30 is defined as the third line, and the line connecting the center O of the inner edge to the first side of the other waveguide loss suppression component 30 is defined as the fourth line. The angle θ2 between the third line and the fourth line is greater than 0 degrees and not greater than 3.5 degrees.

[0065] In this embodiment, by controlling the angular spacing of adjacent waveguide loss suppressors 30 along the arc path (no more than 4.5 degrees on the inner side and no more than 3.5 degrees on the outer side), the waveguide loss suppressors 30 form a high-density, quasi-continuous periodic perturbation structure along the bending propagation direction. This angular limitation can be understood as controlling the arrangement period or gap of adjacent waveguide loss suppressors 30 along the outer edge arc direction: for example, in an embodiment with a bending radius of 10 mm, the arc length spacing corresponding to θ2 ≤ 3.5 degrees is approximately 0.61 mm, thereby ensuring that the waveguide loss suppressors 30 are distributed densely enough to effectively confine the electromagnetic field.

[0066] Thus, this design ensures effective guidance of the dominant electromagnetic mode and a smooth transition of the field distribution, while avoiding local field leakage or mode instability caused by excessive spacing. Especially at the outer edges, where the radius of curvature is larger and the electromagnetic field is more prone to outward diffusion, a smaller angular spacing (≤3.5 degrees) is used to specifically enhance the reflection and re-confinement of leaked energy. Meanwhile, a slightly larger angular spacing (≤4.5 degrees) is allowed at the inner edges (field concentration areas) to balance manufacturing feasibility and appropriate control over high field gradient regions. This non-uniform but controlled arrangement strategy not only optimizes the equivalent dielectric environment and boundary conditions within the suppression cavity 1001, suppressing the excitation of higher-order modes (such as TM modes), but also reduces the radiation and insertion losses of the suppression cavity 1001 while maintaining good broadband transmission characteristics, making it suitable for millimeter-wave interconnect applications in the 75–110 GHz and even higher frequency bands.

[0067] like Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, the first curved shield 10 and the second curved shield 20 are respectively torsion structures.

[0068] In this embodiment, the torsion structure exhibits both bending and rotational geometric features along the electromagnetic wave propagation direction. Specifically, the cross-sections of the first curved shield 10 and the second curved shield 20 are continuously twisted around their axes at a certain angle along their length, thus forming a three-dimensional spiral or quasi-spiral guiding channel. This structural design aims to suppress radiation loss and mode instability caused by continuous boundary changes during the torsion process of the dielectric waveguide, solving the torsion loss problem inherent in torsion dielectric waveguides. Since the electric field distribution of higher-order modes such as TM is highly dependent on a fixed lateral boundary orientation, it is difficult to maintain phase consistency and field residence conditions under continuous torsion boundary conditions, thus significantly suppressing them. Conversely, the TE10 mode, due to its field distribution characteristics and better compatibility with the torsion path, can propagate stably in this structure. Simultaneously, the torsion structure helps alleviate the field strength cohesion effect caused by bending, making the electromagnetic energy of the TE10 mode more uniformly distributed across the cross-section, reducing the risk of radiation leakage caused by local field strength concentration.

[0069] In addition, by using multiple rows of spaced waveguide loss suppressors 30 arranged inside and outside the torsion path, a dynamically adjustable equivalent boundary can be constructed in three-dimensional space, further enhancing the constraint capability on the TE10 main mode and suppressing the excitation of higher-order modes such as TM.

[0070] Therefore, this embodiment can not only reduce the transmission loss of the torsional dielectric waveguide and improve its transmission stability and mode purity in non-planar paths, but also expand the applicability of the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor 100 in complex wiring scenarios (such as space-constrained, multi-degree-of-freedom turning), and is suitable for applications in high-density integrated electronic devices with stringent requirements for three-dimensional interconnect performance in millimeter-wave and terahertz frequency bands.

[0071] like Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, the inner diameter of the input waveguide 40 gradually decreases from the end away from the first curved shield 10 toward the end closer to the first curved shield 10.

[0072] In this embodiment, the input waveguide 40 adopts a tapered inner diameter structure, with its cross-sectional area gradually decreasing along the electromagnetic wave propagation direction to form an impedance gradient transition section, used to achieve efficient coupling between the external feed structure and the suppression cavity 1001. Since the suppression cavity 1001 is enclosed by a curved shield and discretely arranged waveguide loss suppression components 30, its equivalent cross-sectional area and field constraint characteristics are typically smaller than those of the standard input waveguide 40. If a direct equal-diameter connection is used, significant reflections and mode mismatches are easily caused by impedance abrupt changes, leading to increased return loss and decreased transmission efficiency. However, by gradually reducing the inner diameter of the input waveguide 40 along the electromagnetic wave propagation direction, the transverse field distribution of the electromagnetic wave can be gradually compressed and refocused, smoothly transitioning to the dominant mode (such as a low-order TE mode) supported by the suppression cavity 1001, thereby effectively reducing the reflection coefficient at the interface and improving energy injection efficiency. Simultaneously, this tapered inner diameter structure can also suppress the excitation of higher-order modes in the entrance region of the suppression cavity 1001, further enhancing mode purity and ensuring that the electromagnetic waves entering the suppression cavity 1001 propagate in a stable, low-loss state.

[0073] like Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, the inner diameter of the output waveguide 50 gradually increases from the end near the first curved shield 10 toward the end away from the first curved shield 10.

[0074] In this embodiment, the input waveguide 40 adopts a gradually expanding inner diameter structure, with its cross-sectional area gradually increasing along the electromagnetic wave propagation direction to form an impedance gradient transition section. This is used to achieve smooth impedance matching and mode switching, thereby ensuring effective energy transfer from the suppression cavity 1001 to subsequent transmission lines or equipment. As the electromagnetic wave enters the output waveguide 50 from the suppression cavity 1001 and propagates along its length, the inner diameter of the output waveguide 50 gradually expands. This is equivalent to gradually adjusting the characteristic impedance to a matching state with the downstream circuit or waveguide system. Inside the suppression cavity 1001, due to its compact structure and good field confinement capability, a relatively high field strength and appropriate impedance level can be maintained to reduce losses. When the electromagnetic wave propagates outward through the output waveguide 50, the gradually expanding design allows the electromagnetic wave to gradually adapt to a larger cross-section, resulting in a smooth transition of the characteristic impedance and minimizing reflection losses. This design can effectively reduce energy reflection caused by impedance discontinuities, improve overall transmission efficiency, and reduce signal distortion. Furthermore, the gradually expanding inner diameter structure helps disperse electromagnetic waves, distributing them more evenly across the increased cross-section, further reducing energy loss or localized overheating caused by excessive field concentration. This precisely controlled geometry is particularly important for high-frequency applications (e.g., millimeter-wave or terahertz bands) because it not only optimizes the transmission performance of the dominant mode but also suppresses the excitation of higher-order modes and their potential mode dispersion and coupling losses. Therefore, by rationally designing the gradually expanding angle and length of the output waveguide 50, the overall performance of the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor 100 can be improved, including lower insertion loss, higher transmission efficiency, and better mode purity, making it particularly suitable for high-density integrated electronic devices requiring high-precision and low-loss interconnects.

[0075] like Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, the input waveguide 40 has a first waveguide cavity 401, and a waveguide input port 402 and a first connecting port 403 communicating with the first waveguide cavity 401. The waveguide input port 402 and the first connecting port 403 are arranged opposite to each other. The first connecting port 403 is connected to the suppression cavity 1001. The output waveguide 50 has a second waveguide cavity 501, and a waveguide output port 502 and a second connecting port 503 communicating with the second waveguide cavity 501. The waveguide output port 502 and the second connecting port 503 are arranged opposite to each other. The second connecting port 503 is connected to the suppression cavity 1001.

[0076] In this embodiment, both the input waveguide 40 and the output waveguide 50 adopt a through-cavity structure, with ports (waveguide input port 402 and waveguide output port 502) for external signal input / output and internal interfaces (first connection port 403 and second connection port 503) for coupling with the suppression cavity 1001 at both ends. This symmetrical and opposing port layout not only facilitates docking with external transmission lines or antenna modules, but also ensures a smooth axial transition of electromagnetic waves when entering or leaving the suppression cavity 1001, avoiding mode disturbances and reflections caused by eccentricity or oblique incidence. Simultaneously, the first connection port 403 and the second connection port 503 directly face the suppression cavity 1001, enabling electromagnetic waves to efficiently couple from the first waveguide cavity 401 into the suppression cavity 1001, and then efficiently couple back to the output waveguide 50 after loss suppression, thereby minimizing insertion loss and return loss caused by end-face discontinuities.

[0077] like Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, the length of the second waveguide cavity 501 is the same as the length of the first waveguide cavity 401; and / or

[0078] The waveguide output port 502 has the same width, height, and thickness as the waveguide input port 402; and / or

[0079] The second connecting port 503 has the same width, height and thickness as the first connecting port 403.

[0080] In this embodiment, when the first waveguide cavity 401 of the input waveguide 40 and the second waveguide cavity 501 of the output waveguide 50 have the same length, it ensures that the signal experiences the same transmission distance and time delay from entering the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor 100 to the final output. This is particularly important for applications requiring strict timing control. Furthermore, the consistency in size between the waveguide input port 402 and the waveguide output port 502 facilitates seamless integration with external devices or transmission lines, avoiding reflection loss and mode conversion loss due to interface mismatch. Similarly, the consistency in size between the first connection port 403 and the second connection port 503 ensures that electromagnetic waves have similar coupling conditions when entering and leaving the suppression cavity 1001, further reducing the risk of energy leakage and mode mismatch caused by abrupt interface changes.

[0081] like Figure 1As shown, in one embodiment, the first curved shield 10, the second curved shield 20, multiple waveguide loss suppressors 30, the input waveguide 40, and the output waveguide 50 are integrally formed, which can reduce or eliminate problems such as seams, alignment errors, and contact impedance existing in traditional split assembly structures. This integrated design not only improves the mechanical stability and dimensional accuracy of the structure, but also avoids electromagnetic leakage, mode disturbances, and high-frequency reflections caused by gaps or misalignments between components, thereby significantly reducing insertion loss and return loss. At the same time, the integrally formed structure can ensure that the internal boundary of the suppression cavity 1001 is continuous and smooth, and the geometric parameters are highly consistent, which is conducive to maintaining the integrity of the main mode field distribution and further suppressing the excitation of higher-order modes.

[0082] Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor 100 provided by the present invention is shown. This dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor 100 operates in the W-band (75-110GHz), supports planar transmission mode, is manufactured using CNC technology, and is made of 6061 aluminum alloy. Its dielectric waveguide 200 has a width d1 of 2.4mm, a thickness d2 of 1.2mm, a dielectric constant of 2.2, and a dielectric loss tangent of 0.002.

[0083] Figure 2This paper presents a top view and a front view schematic diagram of the structural parameters of the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor 100 provided by this invention. It is understood that, to reduce electromagnetic wave loss, the geometric parameters of the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor 100 can be adjusted accordingly with changes in its operating frequency. Taking the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor 100 operating in the W-band (75–110 GHz) as an example, simulation verification shows that the following geometric parameters enable the device to achieve high-efficiency transmission with low electromagnetic wave loss in the W-band. The specific geometric parameters are as follows: The input waveguide 40 and the output waveguide 50 have the same geometry and dimensions. The length of the input port of the input waveguide 40 and the output port of the output waveguide 50 are both l16 mm, the height h1 is 4 mm, the width h2 is 5 mm, and the metal wall thickness h3 is 1 mm. The width l3 of the first connecting port 403 and the second connecting port 503 is 2.4 mm, the height l4 is 1.2 mm, and the metal wall thickness is also h3 = 1 mm. The first curved shield 10 and the second curved shield 20 have the same bending radius range of 5mm ≤ r1 ≤ 20mm, preferably r1 is 10mm, and the bending angle θ is 90 degrees. The width l2 of the first curved shield 10 is 4.4mm and the thickness l5 is 1.0mm; while the width l2 of the second curved shield 20 is 1.2mm and the thickness l5 is also 1.0mm. The width l3 of the area surrounded by the second curved shield 20, the first curved shield 10, and the waveguide loss suppressor 30 is 2.4mm, and the height l4 is 1.2mm. The height l4 of the outer edge waveguide loss suppressor 30 is 1.2mm, the radial length l7 is 0.5mm, the width l6 in the propagation direction is 0.4mm, and the angle difference θ1 between two adjacent waveguide loss suppressors 30 is 4.5 degrees. The height l4 of the outer edge waveguide loss suppression component 30 is 1.2 mm, the radial length l7 is 0.5 mm, the propagation direction width l6 is 0.4 mm, and the angular difference θ2 between two adjacent waveguide loss suppression components 30 is 3.5 degrees. It should be noted that the above geometric parameters are only a preferred embodiment of the present invention in the W-band application and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can reasonably adjust and optimize the above parameters based on the technical concept of the present invention according to the actual operating frequency band, process conditions, or integration requirements, and such adjustments should still fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0084] Figure 3 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor simulated by this invention is shown, wherein the dielectric waveguide width d1 is 2.4 mm, the thickness d2 is 1.2 mm, the dielectric constant is 2.2, and the dielectric loss tangent is 0.002. This figure shows the overall structure and dimensions of the suppressor in detail.

[0085] Figure 4The simulation top view of the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor provided by the present invention is shown. During the simulation, both the input and output ports are excited by waveport (E11y mode), which ensures the consistency of simulation conditions and the reliability of results.

[0086] Figure 5 This shows a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a traditional dielectric waveguide with direct bending structure, used for comparison and analysis with the design of this invention to highlight the advantages of this invention.

[0087] Figure 6 The performance of the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor of this invention and the conventional rectangular dielectric waveguide direct bending structure in the W-band was compared. The horizontal axis represents frequency (GHz), and the vertical axis represents the transmission performance of each channel (dB). The insertion loss and return loss of the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor are represented by S21 (this invention) and S11 (this invention), respectively, while the insertion loss and return loss of the conventional dielectric waveguide direct bending structure are represented by S21 (conventional) and S11 (conventional). The simulation used a waveport-excited E11y mode. Figure 6 As can be seen, after installing the bending loss suppressor in the dielectric waveguide, the operating frequency band is extended to 75 to 110 GHz, the bandwidth reaches 35 GHz, the insertion loss S21 is greater than -5 dB, and the return loss S11 is less than -15 dB. In contrast, the operating frequency band of the traditional dielectric waveguide with direct bending is only 100 to 110 GHz, the bandwidth is 10 GHz, the insertion loss S21 is greater than -5 dB, and the return loss S11 is less than -12 dB. This shows that adding the bending loss suppressor significantly improves S21 and widens the bandwidth, proving that the E11y mode can transmit effectively at low loss, high frequency, and large bandwidth.

[0088] Figure 7 A top view of the electric field distribution of the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor at 95 GHz is shown, demonstrating that electromagnetic waves can smoothly transition through the bending section to the other end of the dielectric waveguide. Conversely, Figure 8 The electric field distribution of the traditional dielectric waveguide direct bending structure at the same frequency shows obvious electromagnetic wave leakage, indicating that its ability to confine electromagnetic waves is weak.

[0089] Figures 9 to 11 The figures show the structure and S-parameter plots of the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor and the traditional dielectric waveguide direct bending structure under the conditions of bending radius r1 = 10 mm and bending angle θ2 = 45 degrees. The results show that the structure with added bending loss suppressor has a significantly improved S21 and a significantly wider bandwidth.

[0090] Figures 12 to 14The diagrams show the structure and S-parameters of the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor and the traditional dielectric waveguide direct torsion structure under a 90-degree torsion. Similarly, the structure with the added bending loss suppressor shows a significant improvement in S21, and the bandwidth is also significantly broadened.

[0091] Figure 15 and Figure 16 The diagrams show the structure and S-parameter plots of a dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor and a conventional dielectric waveguide direct bending structure under the conditions of bending radius r1 = 10 mm, bending angle θ2 = 90 degrees, and E-plane bending. The comparison shows that the structure with the added bending loss suppressor exhibits a significant improvement in S21 and a marked increase in bandwidth. These results further validate the effectiveness of the present invention, particularly its advantages in improving transmission efficiency and expanding operating bandwidth.

[0092] In summary, the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor interconnect structure designed in this invention, with its advantages of low loss, small size, high frequency, large bandwidth and ease of design, is particularly suitable for high-speed data transmission applications in the millimeter wave and Asia-Pacific Hertz bands.

[0093] The present invention also proposes an electronic device, which includes a dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor 100. The specific structure of the dielectric waveguide bending loss suppressor 100 is as described in the above embodiments. Since this electronic device adopts all the technical solutions of all the above embodiments, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the above embodiments, and will not be described in detail here. The electronic device is actually a radio frequency device, such as a chassis, computer, etc., and is not specifically limited here.

[0094] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the technical concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A medium waveguide bend loss suppressor, characterized by, The utility model relates to a waveguide loss suppression device, comprising: a first curved shielding member; a second curved shielding member, opposite to the first curved shielding member, the first curved shielding member and the second curved shielding member are respectively arc structures; a plurality of waveguide loss suppression members arranged between the first curved shielding member and the second curved shielding member and spaced apart into multiple rows along a first direction, the plurality of waveguide loss suppression members, the first curved shielding member and the second curved shielding member form a suppression cavity, the suppression cavity is used for outputting electromagnetic waves after loss suppression; an input waveguide connected to one end of the first curved shielding member and the second curved shielding member respectively and in communication with the suppression cavity, used for guiding input electromagnetic waves to the suppression cavity; an output waveguide connected to the other end of the first curved shielding member and the second curved shielding member respectively and in communication with the suppression cavity, used for guiding electromagnetic waves after loss suppression to output; each waveguide loss suppression member has a first side surface facing the input waveguide; in the two adjacent waveguide loss suppression members at the outer edge, the line connecting the center of the inner edge and the first side surface of one of the waveguide loss suppression members is defined as a third line, and the line connecting the center of the inner edge and the first side surface of the other waveguide loss suppression member is defined as a fourth line, the included angle between the third line and the fourth line is greater than 0 degrees and not greater than 3.5 degrees.

2. The dielectric waveguide bend loss suppressor of claim 1, wherein, in the two adjacent waveguide loss suppression members at the inner edge, the line connecting the center of the inner edge and the first side surface of one of the waveguide loss suppression members is defined as a first line, and the line connecting the center of the inner edge and the first side surface of the other waveguide loss suppression member is defined as a second line, the included angle between the first line and the second line is greater than 0 degrees and not greater than 4.5 degrees.

3. The dielectric waveguide bend loss suppressor of claim 1, wherein, the first curved shielding member and the second curved shielding member are respectively torsion structures.

4. The dielectric waveguide bend loss suppressor of claim 1, wherein, the inner diameter of the input waveguide gradually decreases from the end far away from the first curved shielding member to the end close to the first curved shielding member.

5. The dielectric waveguide bend loss suppressor of claim 4, wherein, the inner diameter of the output waveguide gradually increases from the end close to the first curved shielding member to the end far away from the first curved shielding member.

6. The dielectric waveguide bend loss suppressor of claim 5, wherein, the input waveguide has a first waveguide cavity, a waveguide input port and a first communication port in communication with the first waveguide cavity, the waveguide input port is opposite to the first communication port, the first communication port is in communication with the suppression cavity, the output waveguide has a second waveguide cavity, a waveguide output port and a second communication port in communication with the second waveguide cavity, the waveguide output port is opposite to the second communication port, and the second communication port is in communication with the suppression cavity.

7. The dielectric waveguide bend loss suppressor of claim 6, wherein, the length of the second waveguide cavity is the same as the length of the first waveguide cavity; and / or the width, height and thickness of the waveguide output port are the same as those of the waveguide input port; and / or The second communication port has the same width, height and thickness as the first communication port.

8. The dielectric waveguide bend loss suppressor of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, The first curved shielding member, the second curved shielding member, the plurality of waveguide loss suppression members, the input waveguide and the output waveguide are integrally formed.

9. An electronic device, comprising: A medium waveguide bend loss suppressor as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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