Middle universe system for fish ecological adaptability training and training method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a universe system for fish ecological adaptability training and a training method of the universe system. The fish universe system comprises a cuboid tank body with the top open, gravels are laid at the bottom in the tank body, artificial seawater is poured into the tank body, and the interior of the tank body is divided into a shoal area, an aquatic plant area, a partition area and a reef area in the length direction. The shoal area is used for simulating a shoal in a field water area, some small fishes which are not good at swimming tend to hide in a shoreside structure to obtain a shelter, and the movement of large predators can be limited by the shallow water body. The aquatic plant area is mainly composed of a structure of a plastic aquatic plant model, and the reef area is mainly composed of a medium-sized complex reef. The two areas are mainly used for providing habitats of different structure types for small fishes and correspond to different complex structure scenes in the field respectively. The partition area is used for separating the aquatic plant area from the reef area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of model organism breeding technology, and in particular to the Zhongyuzhou system and its training method for ecological adaptation training of fish. Background Technology

[0002] To meet the needs of marine environmental assessment, laboratories typically conduct fish toxicology experiments and various pollutant stress experiments to evaluate physiological and behavioral adaptive changes in fish under specific pollutant or regional pollution levels. Simultaneously, assessing the impact of environmental stresses such as changes in seawater physicochemical properties caused by climate change on the adaptability of wild fish is also an important component of this type of research. However, currently, the experimental subjects commonly used in laboratories are mostly model organisms, such as marine killifish (…). Oryzias melastigma Although these individuals possess clear genetic backgrounds and kinship tracing systems, they have generally lost their adaptability to the wild due to long-term living in strictly controlled artificial environments, making it difficult for them to survive in the natural environment. As research focus gradually shifts from toxicological responses to ecological adaptability assessments in specific water areas, traditional model organisms are clearly no longer sufficient to meet the needs.

[0003] There is an urgent need for a model organism system that combines field adaptability with experimental performance consistency to ensure the ecological relevance and reproducibility of the assessment results. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to disclose a mesocosmic system and its training method for training fish ecological adaptability, in order to solve one or more technical problems existing in existing methods and provide at least one beneficial option or create conditions. By providing a mesocosmic system that enables the screening of model organisms and a standardized training method, this invention supports the construction of a new experimental system for research on adaptability to wild aquatic environments.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The first aspect of the present invention is to provide a cosmic system in fish.

[0006] The second aspect of the present invention is to provide an application direction of the cosmic system in fish as described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0007] A third aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for training fish model animals to adapt to wild waters, specifically the cosmic system in fish described in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0008] The fish cosmic system in the first aspect of the present application comprises a cylinder with an open top, the length is 1000-1200 mm, the width is 400-500 mm, and the height is 400-500 mm, gravel is laid on the inner bottom of the cylinder, artificial seawater is poured into the cylinder, the water surface of the artificial seawater is 50-100 mm away from the top opening of the cylinder, the cylinder is divided into four areas along the length direction, i.e. a shoal area, a water grass area, a partition area and a reef area, the length of the shoal area is 150-200 mm, the water depth is 40-60 mm, the length of the water grass area is 250-300 mm, the water depth is 60-350 mm, the length of the partition area is 350-400 mm, a mountain formed by the gravel is arranged in the partition area, the width of the mountain across the cylinder, the top of the mountain is exposed above the water surface, the length of the reef area is 250-300 mm, and the water depth is 300-350 mm. The shoal area simulates the shoal in the wild water area, some small fish that are not good at swimming tend to hide in the shore structure to obtain shelter, and the shallow water body can limit the movement of large predators. The water grass area is mainly composed of plastic water grass models, and the reef area is mainly composed of a medium-sized complex pseudo-reef. Two areas mainly provide different types of habitats for small fish, corresponding to different complex structure scenes in the wild. The partition area is used to separate the water grass area and the reef area.

[0009] Further, a slope formed by the gravel is arranged between the shoal area and the water grass area, at least one shelter is arranged on the surface of the slope, and the shelter is a hollow cube member with an edge length of 70 mm and an inlet and an outlet.

[0010] Further, a plurality of water grass models are arranged at the bottom of the water grass area, the height of the water grass model is 100-130 mm, and the area of the water grass model projected to the bottom surface is 2000-2500 mm 2 .

[0011] Further, the reef area is arranged with reefs collected from the wild and disinfected, and the area of the reefs projected to the bottom surface accounts for more than 30% of the reef area.

[0012] Further, the mountain separates the water grass area and the reef area, and only leaves a water channel with a width of 150-180 mm and a depth of 30-50 mm near the water surface.

[0013] Further, 1-2 channels are arranged in the mountain to connect the water grass area and the reef area, and the diameter of the channel is 50-75 mm. Preferably, the channel is located at a depth of 200-250 mm from the water surface.

[0014] The partition area does not completely separate the aquatic plant area and the reef area, but retains several waterways / channels for fish to cross. Since the feeding mode during the experiment mainly uses surface feeding, the fish in the middle universe system (fish model animals and wild predators) will gather in the upper layer of the water body, so setting waterways and channels of different heights can enable the fish model animals to learn how to choose a safe path to avoid wild predators during training.

[0015] Further, the inner wall of the cylinder of the aquatic plant area and / or the reef area is provided with a wave making pump.

[0016] The application of the second aspect of the present application refers to the fish middle universe system for training fish model animals to obtain the survival ability in the wild water body, thereby meeting the requirements of water ecological adaptability evaluation experiment.

[0017] The training method of the third aspect of the present application is to place 20 fish model animals and 5 wild predators in the fish middle universe system of the first aspect of the present application, and the fish model animals that survive for 30 days are considered to have completed the training. The training process adopts the mode of "small quantity and multiple batches", specifically, 20 model animals are introduced into the fish middle universe system each time, and the next batch of model animals is introduced after 14 days. Each batch of model animals has a mark on the fish fin, and can survive for 30 days in the fish middle universe system to complete the training. From the second batch, the newly introduced model animals in the fish middle universe system can meet the survivors in the previous batch, and they can integrate into a new group. The experience of the survivors can guide the newly added model animals to avoid the risk of being preyed upon, thereby improving the training efficiency.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present application, the fish model animal is a marine guppy, and the wild predator is a black mullet. The marine guppy is a common fish model animal. The marine guppy bred in the laboratory completely loses the ability to survive in the wild water body, but the ecological adaptability evaluation experiment of the wild water body requires such fish model animals with a clear genetic background and a provenance system to exclude some interference terms, so the above training method is provided to meet the needs of enterprises / laboratories. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is the front view of the fish middle universe system of example 1; Figure 2 is the perspective view of the fish middle universe system of example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] Example 1: Construction of fish middle universe system A glass tank with a length of 1200 mm, a width of 500 mm, and a height of 500 mm is purchased as the cylinder. In order to avoid the mirror effect affecting the fish model animals, a blue frosted opaque sticker is used to cover all sides of the cylinder. The cylinder is divided into four areas, i.e., a shoal area, a water grass area, a partition area, and a reef area, along the length direction, and gravel is laid on the bottom of each area. The gravel has various colors, mainly including gray, brown, and white. By stacking the gravel and fixing it, different height differences are presented in each area. Meanwhile, artificial seawater is injected into the cylinder, and the water surface of the artificial seawater is 50-100 mm away from the top opening of the cylinder. The water quality parameters of the artificial seawater are as follows: the dissolved oxygen content is greater than 6.0, the pH value is 7.8±0.2, the salinity is 25-28, and the water temperature is 25±1℃.

[0021] The completed fish space system is shown in FIGS. 1-3. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The length of the shoal area is 200 mm, and the water depth is 40-60 mm. The length of the water grass area is 300 mm, and the water depth is 60-350 mm. The length of the partition area is 400 mm, and a mountain formed by the gravel is arranged in the partition area. The width of the mountain across the cylinder is greater than the width of the cylinder, and the top of the mountain is exposed to the water surface. The length of the reef area is 300 mm, and the water depth is 300-350 mm.

[0022] As a further preferred embodiment, a plurality of water grass models are arranged at the bottom of the water grass area. The height of each water grass model is 100-130 mm, and the area of the water grass model projected to the bottom surface is 2000-2500 mm 2 . The water grass models make the environment in the area complex, and can provide a certain degree of shelter and a relatively safe activity space. The fish model animals need to master the skill of using the water grass to protect themselves during the training process.

[0023] As a further preferred embodiment, a slope formed by the gravel is arranged between the shoal area and the water grass area. At least one shelter is arranged on the surface of the slope. The shelter is a hollow cube member with a side length of 70 mm and one entrance and exit. Since the water depth gradually increases from the shoal area to the water grass area, the possibility of encountering wild predators also increases accordingly. In addition, since no water grass model is arranged in the slope area, the shelter is additionally provided. The shelter is similar to a rock crevice or an artificial structure (a bottle, a can, or other vessels discarded by humans) in the wild water body, and can provide a temporary hiding area for the fish model animals.

[0024] As a further preferred embodiment, the reef area is arranged with reef stones collected from the wild and disinfected, and the area of the reef stones projected to the bottom surface accounts for more than 30% of the reef area. Reef stone crevices are places where fish often stay in the wild water body, and some reef stone crevices can be used by small fish to hide, but some reef stone crevices are also the habitat of wild predators, so the fish model animals need to master the difference between safe and dangerous reef stone areas.

[0025] As a further preferred embodiment, the mountain separates the aquatic plant area and the reef area, and only a water channel with a width of 150-180 mm and a depth of 30-50 mm is left near the water surface; meanwhile, 1-2 passages connecting the aquatic plant area and the reef area are arranged in the mountain, the passages have a diameter of 50-75 mm and a depth of 200-250 mm from the water surface. The water channel near the water surface is more likely to be discovered and used by the fish model animals, but it is also likely to be controlled by wild predators; the passages are buried in the mountain and are difficult to be discovered, but when some fish model animals with strong exploration ability discover and explore them, the passages will become a safer path to communicate the two areas.

[0026] As a further preferred embodiment, a wave making pump is installed on the inner wall of the tank body of the aquatic plant area and / or the reef area.

[0027] Example 2: Ecological adaptability training of fish model animals (1) Training and verification in a low predation risk environment: The fish universe system built in Example 1 is used as the training place. The training object is marine guppy fish cultivated in the laboratory, and the marine guppy fish is put into the fish universe system in batches of 20 each time, and a batch is put into the fish universe system every 14 days. At the same time, 1 black seabream is also raised in the fish universe system as a wild predator to simulate the wild water environment with low predation risk. Each batch of marine guppy fish has a mark on the fin, and can survive in the fish universe system for 30 days, that is, the training is completed, and can be transferred to another fish universe system with the same structure but without wild predators for temporary breeding, waiting for subsequent experimental arrangement.

[0028] During the training process, food needs to be artificially fed. The feeding method is to divide the daily feeding period into 6 sessions, and randomly determine the daily feeding period by rolling the dice. The feeding amount is the same each time, and the feeding site should be random each time. The feeding process is consistent among the devices to ensure the comparability of the results.

[0029] The 14-day release cycle in the training process is to enable the different batches of marine guppies to integrate with each other, so that the survivors in the previous batch can demonstrate the survival skills learned in daily activities to the new batch of marine guppies, thereby accelerating the training (learning) process and increasing the number of survivors.

[0030] To verify the training effect of the fish universe system on marine guppies, several 3 m x 3 m outdoor water areas around the mangrove coastal tidal ditch ecosystem were enclosed by nets as verification sites for parallel control experiments of the experimental group and the control group. The average water depth of the verification site is 2 m. The mesh size of the enclosure net is 3 mm, which can maintain water exchange with the external environment and prevent fish from escaping. Before enclosure, the wild fish in the area are driven out. After enclosure, 5 black seabreams are released as wild predators to simulate a low predation risk environment. Due to the typical mangrove silt bottom of the verification site, it is rich in leaf litter and accompanied by a variety of original plant root structures, providing natural shelter and spatial heterogeneity for fish. The salinity fluctuates with the tides (generally between 10‰ and 25‰). This mangrove habitat is located in the transition zone between the estuary and the nearshore, with complex physical and biological stimulation characteristics, which can well simulate the natural conditions faced by wild individuals.

[0031] The experimental group is to release 200 marine guppies that have survived the training of the above fish universe system into the verification site, and the control group is to release laboratory-bred marine guppies that have not been trained into the verification site. After 30 days of observation, the survival numbers of the experimental group and the control group are shown in Table 1. The average survival rate of the experimental group reaches 75%, while the average survival rate of the control group is only 26%.

[0032] Table 1 - Fish model animal survival ability control experiment in low predation risk outdoor water

[0033] (2) Training and verification in high predation risk environment: The same fish universe system is used as the training site, and the difference between the high predation risk environment training is that the number of black seabreams is increased to 3. When verifying the training effect, 10 black seabreams are released as wild predators into the verification site.

[0034] After 30 days of observation, the survival numbers of the experimental group and the control group are shown in Table 2. The average survival rate of the experimental group reaches 70%, while the average survival rate of the control group is only 11%.

[0035] Table 2 - Fish model animal survival ability control experiment in high predation risk outdoor water

[0036] Through the above two sets of control experiments, it is proved that the fish cosmic system and the corresponding training method can effectively improve the ecological adaptability of the fish model animal in the wild water environment. The trained fish model animal learns basic survival skills in the wild water environment and can be used for ecological adaptability evaluation experiments of specific water areas to reflect the influence of water pollution on the fish ecological system.

[0037] It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that the application is not limited to the details of the foregoing exemplary embodiments and can be implemented in other concrete forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the application. Consequently, the embodiments are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the application being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

Claims

1. A fish mid-system, characterized by, The application relates to a fish universe system, which comprises a cylinder body with an open top, the length of the cylinder body is 1000-1200 mm, the width is 400-500 mm, and the height is 400-500 mm, gravel is laid on the inner bottom of the cylinder body, artificial seawater is poured into the cylinder body, the water surface of the artificial seawater is 50-100 mm away from the top opening of the cylinder body, the cylinder body is divided into a shoal area, a water grass area, a partition area and a reef area along the length direction, the length of the shoal area is 150-200 mm, the water depth is 40-60 mm, the length of the water grass area is 250-300 mm, the water depth is 60-350 mm, the length of the partition area is 350-400 mm, a mountain is arranged in the partition area and is made of the gravel, the width of the mountain across the cylinder body, the top of the mountain is exposed to the water surface, the length of the reef area is 250-300 mm, and the water depth is 300-350 mm.

2. The fish in space system of claim 1, wherein, A slope is arranged between the shoal area and the water grass area, the slope surface is provided with at least one shelter, and the shelter is a hollow cube member with a side length of 70 mm and one inlet and outlet.

3. The fish in space system of claim 1, wherein, The bottom of the aquatic plant area is provided with a plurality of aquatic plant models, the height of the aquatic plant model is 100-130 mm, and the area of the projection of the aquatic plant model to the bottom surface is 2000-2500 mm 2 .

4. The fish-in-space system of claim 1, wherein, The mountain separates the water grass area and the reef area, and leaves a water channel with a width of 150-180 mm and a depth of 30-50 mm near the water surface.

5. The fish in space system according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, 1-2 channels are arranged in the mountain and communicate the water grass area and the reef area, the diameter of the channels is 50-75 mm, and the depth of the channels is 200-250 mm from the water surface.

6. The fish-in-space system of claim 1, wherein, A wave making pump is arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder body of the water grass area and / or the reef area.

7. The fish-in-space system of claim 1, wherein, Reef stones collected from the field and disinfected are arranged in the reef area, and the area of the reef stones projected to the bottom accounts for more than 30% of the reef area.

8. Use of the fish universe system according to any one of claims 1-7 in training fish model animals.

9. A method of training a fish model animal to adapt to a wild water area, characterized by, 20 fish model animals and 5 wild predators are placed in the fish universe system according to any one of claims 1-7, and the fish model animals surviving for 30 days are trained.

10. The training method of claim 9, wherein, The fish model animals are selected from marine guppies, and the wild predators are black mullet.

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