SAP stacked mass spray fireproofing encapsulation system with built-in vertical components and its implementation method

Abstract

This invention discloses a SAP stacked body spray fireproof encapsulation system with built-in vertical components and its implementation method. The system uses flexible water-absorbing sealing units that are fully covered and fixed to the inner wall of the component to support highly absorbent resin. The built-in spray unit integrated in the cavity is adapted to single / dual nozzles and differentiated pipe layout according to the component size to spray water mist directionally onto the flexible water-absorbing sealing unit. The temperature monitoring and control unit constructs a temperature field model through a group of sensors deployed at different heights and orientations of the component, and dynamically controls the water supply actuator based on axial and circumferential temperature gradients to achieve zoned precise spraying, providing full coverage and sustainable dynamic fire protection for the vertical components.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fire protection for light steel structures, specifically to an SAP stacked body spray fireproof encapsulation system with built-in vertical components and its implementation method. Background Technology

[0002] Steel structure systems are the core structural form of modern buildings such as super high-rise buildings and large stadiums. As the "skeleton" of a building, vertical load-bearing components such as steel columns directly determine the stability and safety of the overall structure. However, the mechanical properties of steel are highly sensitive to temperature and have significant fire resistance defects. Experiments and engineering practice show that when the fire temperature reaches 550℃, the yield strength of steel will plummet to about 60% of its room temperature strength, resulting in a sharp loss of load-bearing capacity. Once the bottom load-bearing steel columns fail due to overheating and softening in a fire, it can easily lead to a catastrophic, progressive structural collapse.

[0003] In the early stages of the development of super-large structures, pure steel mega-columns became the mainstream choice due to their high material strength, relatively compact component sections, high degree of factory fabrication, convenient on-site installation (can be hoisted in small sections), and excellent ductility and seismic energy dissipation capabilities. However, the inherent fire resistance limitations of pure steel structures severely restrict their safety and application. To compensate for this deficiency, modern super-large structures have generally shifted to using steel-concrete composite or steel-tube concrete mega-columns. Taking the Ping An Finance Center in Shenzhen as an example, its eight mega-columns extending from the foundation to a height of 550 meters are steel-concrete composite components, with the largest section reaching 5.5m × 2.3m and a single section weighing 95 tons. While this type of composite structure improves the fire resistance limit, it also brings significant technical challenges:

[0004] 1. Significantly increased self-weight: The addition of concrete significantly increases the self-weight of the structure, which in turn places higher demands on the foundation and substructure.

[0005] 2. Complex construction: There are many procedures (formwork, steel bar binding, concrete pouring), the construction period is long, and the difficulty and cost are significantly increased.

[0006] 3. Huge cross-section: In order to achieve the same load-bearing capacity, the cross-sectional dimensions of the components are often larger than those of pure steel columns, which encroaches on valuable building space.

[0007] In conclusion, in order to overcome the shortcomings of fire resistance in pure steel structures and continue their advantages in ultra-large structures, developing a high-performance fire protection technology suitable for vertical components—especially giant pure steel columns—has become an urgent need to promote the safe development and technological progress of steel structure systems.

[0008] The existing technological bottlenecks are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0009] Firstly, although existing fire protection measures for steel structures (such as coatings and cladding) are widely used in conventional components, their technical characteristics are difficult to meet the stringent requirements of modern steel structure vertical components, especially giant pure steel columns in ultra-large structures. The main problem is:

[0010] 1. Durability and maintenance challenges: Fire-retardant coatings applied on-site are prone to aging and peeling, and their durability is difficult to guarantee in the complex nodes and high-altitude environment of giant steel columns, resulting in high maintenance costs in the later stages.

[0011] 2. Space and shape limitations: Using concrete cladding or fireproof board wrapping will significantly increase the column cross-section, encroach on the effective building space, and completely change the mechanical shape and architectural aesthetic expression of the giant steel column.

[0012] 3. Insufficient flexibility and adaptability: Existing methods are mostly "passive wrapping", which makes it difficult to flexibly adapt to the different shapes and sizes of giant steel columns while ensuring fire resistance performance, resulting in poor installation convenience.

[0013] Table 1

[0014] Fire prevention measures defect Fire-retardant spraying material - The coating has low strength and is easily damaged by impacts. - Its durability (such as weather resistance) is relatively poor, requiring maintenance. - It is suitable for concealed areas or areas where aesthetics are not a primary concern. Fireproof board - For non-standard or complex-shaped components, processing and installation are more complicated. - It will occupy a certain amount of building space. Outer concrete / mortar - Heavy weight significantly increases structural load. - Wet construction methods result in long construction periods and harsh environments. - The cross-sectional dimensions increase the most. Forming fire-resistant walls - Dependent on building layout and spatial design. - Poor flexibility, typically determined during the design phase.

[0015] Secondly, SAP fire protection solutions applicable to vertical components face challenges in structural adaptation and long-term maintenance.

[0016] SAP (superabsorbent polymer) materials possess excellent water absorption and retention properties, while water, due to its high heat capacity, economy, and wide availability, has become a commonly used and highly effective fire extinguishing medium. Combining the two can create a fire protection solution with significant potential. This approach is currently mainly applied to the fire protection of cold-formed steel walls and horizontal components. The general implementation method involves mixing SAP with a certain proportion of water to form an SAP deposit, which is then poured into the cavity of the component. The structure is cooled by the heat absorbed by the evaporation of water during a fire.

[0017] However, directly applying the above approach to vertical load-bearing components of a building (such as steel columns) will encounter a series of more severe key issues determined by their own structural characteristics and functional importance, such as:

[0018] Gravity settlement increases the risk of protective failure: Due to the large height of vertical components, the SAP (Superficial Air Purification) deposits are more prone to continuous settlement and compaction under long-term gravity. This not only leaves critical areas at the top of the components uncovered, creating weak points in fire protection, but more seriously, settlement can cause the SAP deposits at the bottom to clog the cavities of the components, potentially affecting the smooth flow and even distribution of water in the subsequent sprinkler system, posing a serious threat to the protection of critical structural components.

[0019] The challenges of moisture retention and performance degradation are more pronounced: the cavities of vertical components in environments such as super high-rise buildings are not completely sealed, and the internal moisture will continue to evaporate slowly over the building's lifespan. For one-time static filling solutions, once moisture is lost, the fire resistance will irreversibly decline. Regular maintenance and moisture replenishment for vertical components tens of meters high are almost impossible to implement in actual engineering projects, raising questions about the long-term reliability of the system.

[0020] Existing technologies lack dynamic adaptation to the thermal characteristics of vertical structural members: In existing examples of using SAP for structural fire protection, moisture cannot be intelligently replenished in a targeted and on-demand manner during a fire. For vertical members, a significant axial temperature gradient forms during a fire, with drastically different heating conditions at different heights. Existing static solutions cannot respond to this uneven heat distribution, failing to prioritize and accurately replenish valuable moisture to overheated areas, resulting in low fire protection efficiency and an inability to effectively suppress additional internal forces and deformations in components caused by uneven heating.

[0021] Therefore, existing SAP fire protection approaches are insufficient in two ways: firstly, gravity and volatile factors cannot guarantee the formation of a stable, fully covered, and long-lasting fireproof layer within vertical structural members; secondly, their static and indiscriminate operation mode cannot meet the dynamic protection needs of vertical members under real fire conditions. Current technology is not reliably applicable to vertical load-bearing members that play a decisive role in the overall safety of a building.

[0022] To address the aforementioned issues, there is an urgent need to develop a new fire-resistant structure for vertical components that combines full coverage, high durability, no alteration to the structural appearance, and sustainable fire protection. Summary of the Invention

[0023] To overcome the aforementioned shortcomings of the prior art, this invention provides a SAP stacked body spray fireproof encapsulation system with built-in vertical components and its implementation method. The system uses flexible water-absorbing sealing units that are fully covered and fixed to the inner wall of the component to support highly absorbent resin; the built-in spray unit integrated in the cavity is adapted to single / dual nozzles and differentiated pipe layouts according to the component size to spray water mist directionally onto the flexible water-absorbing sealing unit; the temperature monitoring and control unit constructs a temperature field model through a group of sensors deployed at different heights and orientations of the component, and dynamically controls the water supply actuator based on axial and circumferential temperature gradients to achieve zoned precise spraying, providing full-coverage and sustainable dynamic fire protection for the vertical components.

[0024] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0025] A SAP stack fireproof encapsulation system with built-in vertical components includes a flexible water-absorbing sealing unit, a built-in spray unit, and a temperature monitoring and control unit. The flexible water-absorbing sealing unit is fully fixed to the inner wall of the vertical component to support and seal the superabsorbent resin. The built-in spray unit is integrated into the internal cavity of the vertical component for directional water mist spraying onto the flexible water-absorbing sealing unit. The temperature monitoring and control unit includes a high-temperature resistant temperature sensor group arranged at different heights and orientations of the vertical component, a data acquisition controller, and a water supply actuator. The data acquisition controller is configured to: construct axial and circumferential temperature field models of the vertical component based on real-time data collected by the temperature sensor group, and dynamically control the water supply actuator based on the temperature gradient changes in the axial and circumferential temperature field models to adjust the spraying mode of the built-in spray unit. The built-in spray unit is adapted to different nozzle configurations and fluid distribution pipe arrangements according to the cross-sectional shape and size of the vertical component.

[0026] Preferably, for small-sized vertical components with a cross-sectional diameter or height of less than 180mm, the built-in spray unit uses a single spray seat to install a single atomizing nozzle, and the fluid distribution pipe is arranged along the junction of the two unexposed surfaces of the vertical component or along a generatrix of the unexposed surface; for large-sized vertical components with a cross-sectional diameter or height greater than or equal to 180mm, the built-in spray unit uses a 180° double spray seat to symmetrically install two atomizing nozzles, and the fluid distribution pipe is arranged along the central axis of the vertical component.

[0027] Preferably, for vertical components with a box-shaped cross-section: when using a single spray mount, the spray direction of the atomizing nozzle is at an elevation angle greater than 45° and less than 90° relative to the unexposed surface; when using a double spray mount, the two atomizing nozzles spray towards the two opposite inner walls respectively; for vertical components with a circular cross-section: when using a single spray mount, the atomizing nozzle sprays along the normal direction of the unexposed surface; when using a double spray mount, the two atomizing nozzles spray in opposite directions along the same diameter direction.

[0028] Preferably, the high-temperature resistant temperature sensor array includes: an axial sensor array arranged at at least two different heights along the vertical member for monitoring the axial temperature distribution of the member; and a circumferential sensor array arranged at at least one critical height section along the fire-facing, side-fire-facing, and back-fire-facing surfaces of the member for monitoring the circumferential temperature distribution of the member.

[0029] Preferably, the data acquisition controller is configured to execute the following strategy: when any sensor reading is greater than a first threshold T1, the built-in spray unit is activated; when the temperature field model shows the maximum axial temperature difference ΔT... axial Or the maximum circumferential temperature difference ΔT hoopWhen the gradient exceeds the preset threshold K, the spray unit is controlled to perform targeted compensation spraying on the high-temperature area. For large-sized components using dual spray seats, the targeted compensation spraying is achieved by adjusting the relative water pressure of the two nozzles to enhance the water mist supply to the high-temperature side. For small-sized components using a single spray seat, the water pressure in the fluid distribution pipe is increased.

[0030] Preferably, the first threshold T1 is 140℃~160℃, and the gradient threshold K is 100℃ / m.

[0031] Preferably, the flexible absorbent sealing unit includes a honeycomb structure and highly absorbent resin particles filled within its honeycomb cavities.

[0032] Preferably, the superabsorbent resin particles fill 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 of the volume of a single honeycomb cavity; the superabsorbent resin particles are gelled by water absorption and form a dense cured layer on the surface of the honeycomb cavity.

[0033] Preferably, the inlet of the fluid distribution pipe is located at the top of the vertical member, and the bottom end of the fluid distribution pipe is sealed with a pipe plug; the water supply actuator includes a water pump, an electric regulating valve, and a pressure sensor. The outlet of the water pump is connected to the inlet of the fluid distribution pipe through a pressure-resistant stainless steel pipe to provide the system with the required water pressure and flow rate; the electric regulating valve is located on the pipeline between the water pump and the inlet of the fluid distribution pipe, and its control terminal is electrically connected to the data acquisition controller to receive commands and adjust the pipeline opening; the pressure sensor is located on the pipeline downstream of the electric regulating valve to monitor the inlet pressure of the fluid distribution pipe and feed the pressure signal back to the data acquisition controller; the data acquisition controller is configured to dynamically adjust the opening of the electric regulating valve and the power of the water pump based on the deviation between the feedback signal of the pressure sensor and the preset pressure value through a closed-loop control algorithm to accurately maintain the target water pressure of the built-in spray unit.

[0034] The present invention also provides a method for implementing the above system, comprising the following steps:

[0035] S1. Based on the cross-sectional shape and size of the vertical components, determine and install the corresponding nozzle configuration and fluid distribution pipeline layout;

[0036] S2. Temperature data at different locations on the vertical components are collected in real time by deploying a group of high-temperature resistant temperature sensors.

[0037] S3. Based on the collected temperature data, calculate and construct a real-time temperature field model for the vertical components;

[0038] S4. Generate control commands based on the temperature values ​​and temperature gradient distribution of the temperature field model;

[0039] S5. Based on the control commands, dynamically adjust the start / stop, spray mode, and zone actions of the built-in spray unit.

[0040] Beneficial effects:

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0042] 1. Overcame the settlement problem of SAP in vertical components and achieved stable full-area coverage of the fireproof protection layer.

[0043] This invention encapsulates SAP particles within a honeycomb structure at a precise filling amount (1 / 4 to 1 / 2) and fully coats the inner wall of the component, forming a "fixed-point, quantitative, and stable" encapsulation. This design fundamentally eliminates the flowability of SAP, ensuring that it will not settle or fall off throughout the entire lifespan of the component, even under vibration and fire conditions, providing vertical components with comprehensive fire protection without weak points and with high stability.

[0044] 2. It has broken through the performance degradation bottleneck of static fire protection and constructed a dynamic and sustainable fire protection system based on intelligent temperature field sensing.

[0045] This invention innovatively introduces a built-in spray unit and a temperature monitoring and control unit. By constructing axial and circumferential temperature field models, the system senses the uneven heating state of components in real time and intelligently initiates zoned, precise compensation spraying based on temperature gradient thresholds, achieving "on-demand replenishment and targeted support." This completely changes the traditional static, one-time-use SAP solution, forming a dynamic and sustainable fire protection cycle of "moisture fixation - evaporation heat absorption - intelligent replenishment - re-fixation," ensuring long-term reliable fire protection performance.

[0046] 3. It achieves precise and efficient utilization of fire-resistant cooling resources, and resolves the contradiction between comprehensive coverage and coordinated control of local overheating.

[0047] This invention does not simply combine water with SAP (Spatial Application Polymer), but rather ensures that the water mist contacts the SAP substrate via a differentiated system design optimized for vertical components (including flexible configuration of single / dual nozzles based on cross-sectional dimensions, back-facing / center-axis piping arrangement, and specific spray elevation angles). Furthermore, through a closed-loop control algorithm based on a temperature field model, the system can intelligently switch between high-volume full-penetration and low-volume precise maintenance modes, and provide adjustable water pressure compensation for overheated areas. This significantly improves water resource utilization efficiency while ensuring rapid response and full coverage, and avoids potential erosion damage to the SAP substrate caused by continuous high-pressure spraying.

[0048] 4. It possesses excellent engineering adaptability and wide applicability, providing a universal solution for various vertical components.

[0049] The system components of this invention, such as the arrangement rules of fluid distribution pipes, nozzle types and spacing, and even control thresholds, can be flexibly adjusted and adapted according to the specific cross-sectional shape (circular / box-shaped), size (with 180mm as the dividing line), and fire conditions of the vertical components. This high degree of adjustability enables the system to be widely used in various vertical load-bearing components, from conventional steel columns to giant pure steel columns, demonstrating excellent versatility and engineering application potential.

[0050] 5. It has pioneered a new approach to "structural fire protection," deeply integrating fire protection with structural safety and health.

[0051] This invention is the first to integrate SAP materials, an intelligent spray system, and temperature field monitoring deep within vertical structural members, transcending the traditional scope of "thermal insulation." By monitoring and controlling axial and circumferential temperature gradients, the system can actively suppress additional internal forces and deformations in the members caused by uneven heating, achieving a leap from simple "fire protection" to "integrated fire protection and structural protection." This provides a novel and forward-looking technical solution for ensuring the overall safety of critical structures such as super high-rise buildings. Attached Figure Description

[0052] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0053] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a large-sized vertical component provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a large-size omnidirectional atomizing spray unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a small-sized vertical component provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a small-sized omnidirectional atomizing spray unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] In the picture:

[0058] 1. Vertical components; 2. Flexible water-absorbing sealing unit; 3. Built-in spray unit; 11. Large-size vertical components; 12. Small-size vertical components; 21. Honeycomb structure; 22. Highly absorbent resin particles; 31. Fluid distribution pipe; 32. All-around atomizing spray unit; 321. Single spray base; 322. Atomizing nozzle; 323. Fan-shaped nozzle; 324. Dual spray base. Detailed Implementation

[0059] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0060] Example 1: This example is applicable to the fire protection system for giant steel columns in super high-rise buildings.

[0061] like Figures 1-2 As shown, this embodiment takes a 1-meter diameter circular giant steel column in a super high-rise building as the application object and provides an SAP stacked body spray fireproof encapsulation system with built-in vertical components 1.

[0062] The SAP stacked body spray fireproof sealing system with built-in vertical components includes a flexible water-absorbing sealing unit 2, a built-in spray unit 3, and a temperature monitoring and control unit.

[0063] The flexible water-absorbing sealing unit 2 includes a honeycomb structure 21 and highly absorbent resin particles 22 filled in its honeycomb cavity.

[0064] The honeycomb structure 21 uses a flexible, layered circular honeycomb core material made of aramid paper honeycomb, with a honeycomb pore size of 40 mm, a wall thickness of 0.2 mm, and a layer thickness of 50 mm. This material can still maintain stable physical and chemical properties at 220°C, and its flexibility allows it to adapt to uneven surfaces on the inner wall of the component.

[0065] SAP particles are fixed in the honeycomb cavity by a water-based adhesive, polyvinyl alcohol, to prevent displacement in the dry state; after absorbing water, the dense layer formed by gelation combines with the honeycomb wall to further enhance the sealing.

[0066] The superabsorbent resin particles 22 are selected from heat-resistant sodium polyacrylate (SAP) with a particle size controlled between 80-120 mesh. Their filling volume within the honeycomb cavities accounts for 1 / 3 of the volume of a single honeycomb cavity. When the filling volume is less than 1 / 4 of the volume of a single honeycomb cavity, the SAP layer cannot form a continuous protective layer; when it is greater than 1 / 2 of the volume of a single honeycomb cavity, water absorption and expansion may cause deformation of the honeycomb structure. In this embodiment, the optimal filling volume is selected as 1 / 3 of the volume of a single honeycomb cavity.

[0067] A high-density fiberglass cloth with a weight of 200 g / m² is attached to the inner side of the honeycomb structure 21 (i.e., the side that is in close contact with the inner wall of the vertical member 1 during installation) to further enhance the sealing ability of SAP and prevent it from falling out of the honeycomb pores after absorbing water and forming a gel accumulation. The flexible water-absorbing sealing unit 2 is fully covered and fixed to the inner wall of the vertical member 1 with large-head screws at 200 mm intervals, which are well known to those skilled in the art. The screws are tightened from the outer wall side of the vertical member 1 so that the inner side of the flexible water-absorbing sealing unit 2 (i.e. the side with the fiberglass cloth attached) is tightly fixed to the inner wall surface of the vertical member 1.

[0068] The built-in spray unit 3 includes a fluid distribution pipe 31 and multiple omnidirectional atomizing spray units 32 installed on the fluid distribution pipe. The fluid distribution pipe 31 is arranged inside the vertical member 1 to form a connected waterway.

[0069] The omnidirectional atomizing spray unit 32 includes a spray base and a nozzle connected to the fluid distribution pipe 31, with the nozzle mounted on the spray base.

[0070] The fluid distribution pipe 31, the spray base and the nozzle are existing structures well known to those skilled in the art, and the connection between them also adopts existing connection methods well known to those skilled in the art.

[0071] In this embodiment, a large-sized circular vertical component 11 with a cross-sectional diameter greater than 180mm is used, and the fluid distribution pipe 31 is arranged along the central axis of the large-sized vertical component 11.

[0072] The nozzle configuration of this embodiment is as follows: two atomizing nozzles 322 are symmetrically installed on a 180° double spray base 324. The two atomizing nozzles spray in opposite directions along the same diameter direction. On each water outlet branch of the 180° double spray base 324, a miniature electric pressure regulating valve known to those skilled in the art is installed. The control terminals of these two miniature electric pressure regulating valves are independently connected to the temperature monitoring and control unit. The atomizing nozzle 322 adopts a fan-shaped nozzle 323 known to those skilled in the art.

[0073] The fluid distribution pipe is made of stainless steel straight pipe with an outer diameter of 9.52 mm and a thickness of 0.7 mm, and its pressure resistance rating reaches up to 30 MPa.

[0074] A plurality of omnidirectional atomizing spray units 32 are evenly distributed on the fluid distribution pipe 31. The spacing between the units is determined by the spray range of a single omnidirectional atomizing spray unit 32. In this embodiment, the spacing is set to 600 mm. The bottom end of the fluid distribution pipe 31 is sealed with a pipe plug.

[0075] The temperature monitoring and control unit includes a group of high-temperature resistant temperature sensors, a data acquisition controller, and a water supply actuator, all arranged at different heights and orientations of the vertical components.

[0076] The high-temperature resistant temperature sensor group, data acquisition controller and water supply actuator adopt existing structures known to those skilled in the art, and the connection or control method between them also adopts existing connection or control method known to those skilled in the art.

[0077] The high-temperature resistant temperature sensor group includes an axial sensor array and a circumferential sensor array.

[0078] The axial sensor array is arranged at three positions along the height direction of the vertical component: bottom, middle, and top.

[0079] The circumferential sensor array is arranged along the fire-facing, side-fire-facing, and back-fire-facing surfaces of the component at a critical height section in the middle of the component.

[0080] The water supply actuator includes a water pump, an electric regulating valve, and a pressure sensor. The outlet of the water pump is connected to the inlet of the fluid distribution pipeline 31 via a pressure-resistant stainless steel pipe. The electric regulating valve is located on the pipeline between the water pump and the inlet of the fluid distribution pipeline 31. The pressure sensor is located on the pipeline downstream of the electric regulating valve. The inlet of the water pump is connected to a pressure-resistant hose with a flange connection, as is well known to those skilled in the art, in an existing building fire water supply system. A Y-type filter with a filtration accuracy of 100μm is installed at the inlet.

[0081] The system installation method in this embodiment is as follows:

[0082] S1. Preparation and installation of flexible water-absorbing and sealing unit:

[0083] The honeycomb structure 21 is cut to a size that matches the inner wall of the vertical member 1, and highly absorbent resin particles 22 are filled into the honeycomb holes, with the filling volume accounting for 1 / 3 of the volume of a single honeycomb cavity. A small amount of water is sprayed onto one side of the surface of the honeycomb structure 21. After the surface highly absorbent resin particles 22 absorb water, gel, and dry to form a dense surface layer, the above operation is repeated on the other side. Finally, high-density fiberglass cloth is attached to the side that was sprayed with water for the first time to form a flexible water-absorbing sealing unit 2. Mounting holes are processed at equal intervals at corresponding positions of the flexible water-absorbing sealing unit 2 and the inner wall of the vertical member 1. In this embodiment, the interval is 200mm. The large-headed screws are inserted into the mounting holes corresponding to the flexible water-absorbing sealing unit 2 and fixed in such a way that the side of the flexible water-absorbing sealing unit 2 without the fiberglass cloth attached is tightly attached to the inner wall of the vertical member 1.

[0084] S2, Built-in sprinkler unit installation:

[0085] A stainless steel pipe with an outer diameter of 9.52 mm is cut into 600 mm long sections. These sections are connected by 180° double spray holders 324 to form a fluid distribution pipe 31 of the same length as the vertical component. Two atomizing nozzles 322 are installed on each 180° double spray holder 324, ensuring that the spray direction of all atomizing nozzles 322 on the same fluid distribution pipe 31 is consistent. The fluid distribution pipe 31 is inserted into the vertical component 1 using methods well known to those skilled in the art, and is set along the central axis of the vertical component. After the arrangement is completed, the fluid distribution pipe 31 is fixed to the vertical component 1 using pipe clamps and bolts. The bottom end of the fluid distribution pipe 31 is sealed with a pipe plug. In this embodiment, stainless steel pipe clamps are used to fix the fluid distribution pipe at 500 mm intervals. The pipe clamps are welded to the inner wall of the component to ensure the stability of the pipe under vibration. After installation, a water pressure test is performed to check the nozzle coverage area.

[0086] S3, System Integration:

[0087] The encapsulated flexible water-absorbing sealing unit 2 and the vertical components of the fluid distribution pipe 31 are assembled; a water source valve and a water pump are connected at the inlet of the fluid distribution pipe 31; a high-temperature resistant temperature sensor group is installed on both the fire-facing and unfire-facing sides of the vertical components, and the high-temperature resistant temperature sensor group, the water source valve and the water pump are electrically connected to the temperature monitoring and control unit in a manner known in the art.

[0088] The specific control strategy for the system operation method in this embodiment is as follows:

[0089] Data Acquisition: The data acquisition controller acquires temperature data at a frequency of 1 time per second through an axial sensor array and a circumferential sensor array;

[0090] Temperature field modeling: Based on the pre-input three-dimensional dimensions of the component and the coordinate positions of the sensors, the data acquisition controller simplifies the component into a two-dimensional mesh model, as follows:

[0091] The main fire-exposed surface is determined using methods well-known to those skilled in the art (i.e., based on the building's fire protection design drawings, the main fire-exposed surface of the circular steel column most likely to be exposed to fire), and its direction is defined as the circumferential 0-degree baseline (i.e., the fire-facing surface). In this embodiment, it is assumed that the north side of the steel column is the preset fire-facing surface.

[0092] Determine the coordinate system:

[0093] Origin (O): Located at the center of the circle on the bottom surface of the steel column.

[0094] Axial axis (Z-axis): Perpendicular to the bottom surface, pointing towards the top of the steel column.

[0095] Circumferential (θ): With due north (the fire-facing side) as 0°, the angle increases counterclockwise (90° for the east side, 180° for the south side, and 270° for the west side).

[0096] Input global dimension parameters:

[0097] Total height H: 10.0 m; This parameter is used to determine the axial range of the model (0 ≤ Z ≤ H).

[0098] Diameter D: 1.0 m; This parameter is used to calculate the circumferential distance (circumference = πD).

[0099] Measure and input sensor coordinates: During system installation, accurately measure the coordinates (Z, θ) of each temperature sensor in the component's coordinate system and input them to the data acquisition controller. This embodiment is detailed below:

[0100] Bottom section sensor (Z = 1.0 m): Frontal sensor (Z = 1.0 m, θ = 0°); 90° side fire sensor (Z = 1.0 m, θ = 90°); Back fire sensor (Z = 1.0 m, θ = 180°); 270° side fire sensor (Z = 1.0 m, θ = 270°).

[0101] Central section sensor (Z = 5.0 m): Coordinate circumferential angles are the same as the bottom (Z = 5.0 m, θ = 0° / 90° / 180° / 270°).

[0102] Top section sensor (Z = 9.0 m): Coordinate circumferential angles are the same as bottom (Z = 9.0 m, θ = 0° / 90° / 180° / 270°).

[0103] To avoid end effects and to allow for a safety margin, the sensor in this embodiment is not installed at the endpoints Z=0 and Z=H.

[0104] The axial (Z-axis) grid is divided into units of 500 mm, and the circumferential (θ-axis) grid is divided into units of 15°. The inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation algorithm is used to calculate the temperature value of each grid node. For a grid node (Zi, θj), its temperature T(i,j) is calculated by the following formula:

[0105] T(i,j)= ;

[0106] Among them, T k It is the reading of the k-th sensor, ω k This is the weight of the sensor reading relative to the current node, calculated using the following formula:

[0107] ω k = 1 / (d)k ) 2 d k θj is the straight-line distance from the sensor to the grid node (Zi, θj); n is the number of sensors involved in the calculation, usually the four closest sensors are selected.

[0108] Based on the aforementioned two-dimensional mesh model, the system obtains the complete temperature distribution matrix of the inner surface of the component by traversing all adjacent mesh nodes, and calculates the maximum axial temperature difference ΔT. axial and the maximum circumferential temperature difference ΔT hoop .

[0109] Maximum axial temperature difference ΔT axial In the matrix, find all vertically adjacent grid node pairs, calculate the temperature difference and divide it by the axial grid spacing (0.5m) to obtain a series of axial temperature change rates, and take the maximum value as ΔT. axial .

[0110] Maximum circumferential temperature difference ΔT hoop In the matrix, find all horizontally adjacent grid node pairs and calculate the temperature difference; using the diameter D, convert the angle difference (15°) into an arc length ΔL = πD * (15 / 360); divide the temperature difference by ΔL to obtain a series of circumferential temperature change rates, and take the maximum value as ΔT. hoop ;

[0111] Fire detection: When any high-temperature sensor reading (T) k When the temperature exceeds the first threshold T1, the built-in spray unit is immediately activated; the built-in spray unit alternates between high-volume spray mode and low-volume spray mode; T1=150℃ is a safety margin setting based on the temperature (300℃) at which the strength of the steel begins to decrease.

[0112] High-volume spray mode: This mode is used in the initial stages of a fire, specifically when any high-temperature sensor reading (T) is reached. k When the value exceeds the first threshold T1, a high-volume spray mode is adopted for 28 seconds; at this time, the valve opening and water pump power are at their maximum values ​​(180 degrees and 1500w respectively); the nozzle water pressure of the atomizing nozzle 322 is 2.8MPa; the cross-sectional spray coverage angle of the atomizing nozzle 322 of the built-in spray unit 3 is 135°; it can quickly and saturately replenish the four inner walls of the vertical component with water.

[0113] Small spray volume mode: After large spray volume, it switches to small spray volume mode and lasts for 12 minutes; at this time, the valve opening is 45°, the water pump power is 980w; the nozzle water pressure of the atomizing nozzle 322 is 0.25MPa; the cross-sectional spray coverage angle of the atomizing nozzle 322 of the built-in spray unit 3 is 95°; it can achieve water mist coverage of the two fire-facing surfaces of the vertical component.

[0114] Gradient compensation control: When the temperature field model shows the maximum axial temperature difference ΔT axial Or the maximum circumferential temperature difference ΔT hoop When the gradient exceeds the preset threshold K=100℃ / m (K=100℃ / m is set based on the critical gradient of component deformation in fire tests), for large-sized vertical components 11 using dual-spray nozzles 324, the water mist supply to the high-temperature side is enhanced by adjusting the relative water pressure of the two nozzles. The adjustment target is to increase the working pressure of the high-temperature nozzle by 0.2-0.4 MPa, while decreasing the working pressure of the low-temperature nozzle by 0.1-0.2 MPa, thereby forming an effective pressure difference of 0.3-0.6 MPa to ensure that cooling resources are preferentially supplied to the overheated area; and key compensation spraying is carried out.

[0115] System shutdown: The system will shut down when the temperature at all high-temperature sensor measuring points is consistently below 60°C for 5 minutes.

[0116] Example 2: Fire protection system for small steel columns in conventional buildings

[0117] like Figures 3-4 As shown, this embodiment uses a conventional circular steel column with a diameter of 90mm as the application object. The main difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that:

[0118] Nozzle configuration: In this embodiment, a small-sized vertical component 12 with a cross-sectional diameter of less than 180mm is used, and a single atomizing nozzle 322 is installed on a single nozzle seat 321;

[0119] Piping arrangement: The fluid distribution pipe 31 is arranged along the center line of the unexposed surface of the vertical member;

[0120] Spray direction: The atomizing nozzle sprays along the normal direction of the unexposed surface;

[0121] Gradient compensation: When a specific area of ​​the component requires focused spraying compensation, the system achieves this by increasing the water supply pressure along the entire pipe in that area; when the circumferential temperature difference ΔT hoop When the temperature is greater than 100℃ / m, the system calculates the angular coordinates of the high-temperature area and adjusts the opening of the electric regulating valve of the corresponding nozzle to increase the basic water pressure of the pipeline section from 0.25 MPa in the small spray mode to 0.4-0.5 MPa.

[0122] Honeycomb structure: Aramid paper honeycomb is used, with a honeycomb pore size of 10mm, a wall thickness of 0.1mm, and a layer thickness of 10mm.

[0123] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modifications and equivalent changes made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A built-in vertical component SAP accumulation body spray fireproof packaging system applied to the field of light steel structure fireproofing, characterized in that: The flexible water absorption and sealing unit, the built-in spraying unit, and the temperature monitoring and control unit are provided; the flexible water absorption and sealing unit is fixed on the inner wall of the vertical component for loading and sealing superabsorbent resin; the built-in spraying unit is integrated in the internal cavity of the vertical component for directional water mist spraying to the flexible water absorption and sealing unit; the temperature monitoring and control unit comprises a high-temperature-resistant temperature sensor group arranged at different heights and orientations of the vertical component, a data acquisition controller, and a water supply execution mechanism; the data acquisition controller is configured to: construct an axial and circumferential temperature field model of the vertical component according to the data collected by the high-temperature-resistant temperature sensor group in real time, and dynamically control the water supply execution mechanism based on the temperature gradient change of the axial and circumferential temperature field model to adjust the spraying mode of the built-in spraying unit; the built-in spraying unit is adapted to different nozzle configurations and fluid distribution pipe arrangements according to the cross-sectional shape and size of the vertical component; the fluid distribution pipe is uniformly distributed with a plurality of omnidirectional atomizing spraying units, and the distribution spacing is determined according to the spraying range of a single omnidirectional atomizing spraying unit.

2. The SAP accumulation body spray fireproof packaging system with built-in vertical components according to claim 1, characterized in that: For small-size vertical components with a cross-sectional height or diameter less than 180 mm, the built-in spraying unit adopts a single atomizing nozzle installed in a single nozzle seat, and the fluid distribution pipe is arranged along the intersection of the two backfire surfaces or the backfire surface generatrix of the vertical component; for large-size vertical components with a cross-sectional height or diameter greater than or equal to 180 mm, the built-in spraying unit adopts a 180° double-nozzle seat to symmetrically install two atomizing nozzles, and the fluid distribution pipe is arranged along the central axis of the vertical component.

3. The SAP accumulation body spray fireproof packaging system with built-in vertical components according to claim 2, characterized in that: For vertical components with a box-shaped cross-section: when a single nozzle seat is used, the spraying direction of the atomizing nozzle is at an elevation angle greater than 45° and less than 90° relative to the backfire surface; when a double nozzle seat is used, the two atomizing nozzles are respectively sprayed towards the opposite two inner walls; for vertical components with a circular cross-section: when a single nozzle seat is used, the atomizing nozzle is sprayed along the normal direction of the backfire surface; when a double nozzle seat is used, the two atomizing nozzles are sprayed in the same diameter direction.

4. The SAP accumulation body spray fireproof packaging system with built-in vertical components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-temperature-resistant temperature sensor group comprises: an axial sensor array arranged at least two different heights of the vertical component for monitoring the temperature distribution of the axial component; a circumferential sensor array arranged at at least one key height cross-section along the fire-facing surface, the side fire surface and the backfire surface of the component for monitoring the temperature distribution of the circumferential component.

5. The SAP accumulation body spray fireproof packaging system with built-in vertical components according to claim 4, characterized in that: The data acquisition controller is configured to implement the following strategies: when any sensor reading is greater than a first threshold T1, the built-in spray unit is started; when the temperature field model shows that the axial maximum temperature difference ΔT axial or the ring maximum temperature difference ΔT hoop is greater than a preset gradient threshold K, the spray unit is controlled to perform focused compensation spraying on the high-temperature area; for large-size components using a double spray seat, the focused compensation spraying is achieved by adjusting the relative water pressure of the two spray heads to enhance the water mist supply on the high-temperature side; for small-size components using a single spray seat, it is achieved by a large flow-increasing water pressure distribution pipe; the first threshold T1 is 140-160℃, and the gradient threshold K is 100℃ / m.

6. The SAP accumulation body spray fireproof packaging system with built-in vertical components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flexible water absorption and sealing unit comprises a honeycomb structure and superabsorbent resin particles filled in the honeycomb cavities; the filling volume of the superabsorbent resin particles in the honeycomb cavities accounts for 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 of the volume of a single honeycomb cavity; the superabsorbent resin particles are gelatinized by water absorption and form a dense solidified layer on the surface of the honeycomb cavities.

7. The SAP accumulation body spray fireproof packaging system with built-in vertical components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet of the fluid distribution pipeline is arranged at the top of the vertical member, and the bottom end of the fluid distribution pipeline is closed by a pipe plug; the water supply execution mechanism includes a water pump, an electric regulating valve, and a pressure sensor, the water outlet of the water pump is connected with the inlet of the fluid distribution pipeline through a pressure-resistant stainless steel pipe, for providing required water pressure and flow for the system; the electric regulating valve is arranged on the pipeline between the water pump and the inlet of the fluid distribution pipeline, the control end of the electric regulating valve is electrically connected with the data acquisition controller, for receiving instructions and adjusting the opening degree of the pipeline; the pressure sensor is arranged on the pipeline downstream of the electric regulating valve, for monitoring the inlet pressure of the fluid distribution pipeline and feeding back the pressure signal to the data acquisition controller; the data acquisition controller is configured to: based on the deviation between the feedback signal of the pressure sensor and the preset pressure value, dynamically adjust the opening degree of the electric regulating valve and the power of the water pump through a closed-loop control algorithm, to accurately maintain the target water pressure of the built-in spraying unit.

8. The method of claim 1-7, wherein the method comprises the steps of: providing a SAP accumulation body having a plurality of vertical members; providing a plurality of fire sprinklers; and connecting the plurality of fire sprinklers to the plurality of vertical members. The method comprises the following steps: S1, according to the cross-sectional shape and size of the vertical member, determine and install the corresponding nozzle configuration and fluid distribution pipeline arrangement; S2, real-time acquisition of temperature data at different positions of the member through the high-temperature-resistant temperature sensor group arranged on the vertical member; S3, based on the acquired temperature data, calculate and construct a real-time temperature field model of the vertical member; S4, according to the temperature value and temperature gradient distribution of the real-time temperature field model, generate a control instruction; S5, based on the control instruction, dynamically adjust the start-stop, spraying mode and partition action of the built-in spraying unit.

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