Reduced and synergistic compound fertilizer for potato planting and fertilizing method

Abstract

The invention discloses a reducing and synergistic compound fertilizer for potato planting and a fertilizing method, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizer preparation. Comprising the following components: urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, modified humic acid, calcium amino acid chelate, polyaspartic acid, diatomite, zinc sulfate, borax, magnesium sulfate and ammonium aluminate. According to the compound fertilizer disclosed by the invention, through a multi-dimensional design of reasonable proportioning of macroelements, targeted supplement of medium trace elements and synergistic regulation of functional aids, high synchronization of nutrient release and a fertilizer requirement rule in the growth period of potatoes is realized. A positive feedback cycle of'slow release-effect maintenance-absorption promotion-stress resistance 'is formed among the components, so that the total dosage of chemical fertilizers is reduced, the yield, commodity rate and storage quality of potatoes are also remarkably improved, and the modern agricultural goals of'reduction without reduction of yield, efficiency improvement and environmental protection' are really achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, and particularly relates to a compound fertilizer for potato planting and a fertilization method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In potato planting production, reasonable application of chemical fertilizer is a key measure to ensure high yield and stable yield. However, in current agricultural production, traditional single-element fertilizer or simple mixed compound fertilizer is generally used, and there are prominent problems such as unbalanced nutrient structure, low utilization rate, high environmental risk and the like. On the one hand, conventional nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mainly in the form of readily available forms, and are easy to volatilize, leach or fix after being applied to the soil, so that the utilization rate of nitrogen is insufficient, and phosphorus and potassium elements are also difficult to be fully absorbed by crops due to poor migration or chemical precipitation, resulting in a large amount of nutrient loss. On the other hand, the existing compound fertilizer generally ignores the scientific matching of trace elements, so that physiological disorders such as calcium deficiency hollow, boron deficiency split potato and zinc deficiency dwarfing of potato plants frequently occur during the growth process of potato, which seriously affects the commodity nature and storage quality of tubers.

[0003] In addition, the traditional fertilizer lacks effective slow-release and regulation mechanism, and is difficult to match the stage nutrient demand law of potato, i.e. promoting seedling in the early stage, controlling growth in the middle stage, and attacking potato in the later stage. Especially in the key period of tuber enlargement, insufficient or unbalanced nutrient supply is easy to cause blockage of dry matter accumulation and decrease of starch content. In order to make up for the insufficient fertilizer effect, farmers often adopt the strategy of over-fertilization, which not only increases the production cost, but also aggravates the environmental problems such as soil acidification, water eutrophication and greenhouse gas emission. Although there are some slow-release fertilizers with added humic acid or polyaspartic acid on the market, the modification process of the slow-release fertilizers is mostly strong acid oxidation or high temperature treatment, which is easy to damage the natural structure of humic acid, and the slow-release effect is limited, and the system design for long-term supply of phosphorus and regulation of rhizosphere microecology is also lacking.

[0004] More importantly, the existing fertilization methods mostly adopt one-time surface spreading, which is easy to cause seedling burn of seed potatoes, and is difficult to accurately deliver nutrients to the main root distribution layer of potato, further weakening the fertilizer efficiency.

[0005] Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new type of reduced-effort compound fertilizer which integrates accurate nutrient matching, multi-element synergistic effect, slow-release and supply, soil improvement and stress resistance and quality improvement, and a scientific application method is also needed, so as to break through the technical bottlenecks of current potato planting, such as high input, low efficiency, weak quality and heavy pollution, and promote the transformation and upgrading of potato industry to the direction of green, efficient and sustainable. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the above technical problems, the application provides a reduced-effort compound fertilizer for potato planting and a fertilization method.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the application provides the following technical scheme:

[0008] A kind of compound fertilizer for potato planting of reducing amount and increasing efficiency, comprising the following components:

[0009] Urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, modified humic acid, amino acid chelated calcium, polyaspartic acid, diatomite, zinc sulfate, borax, magnesium sulfate and ammonium aluminate.

[0010] Beneficial effects: the present application provides a kind of compound fertilizer for potato planting of reducing amount and increasing efficiency, based on the response of potato nutrient demand and yield after fertilization, on the basis of recommended fertilization, by scientific proportioning of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium macronutrients and micronutrients, and synergistically introducing modified humic acid, amino acid chelated calcium, polyaspartic acid and diatomite and other functional additives, a four-in-one synergistic system of "nutrient supply-slow release and efficiency maintenance-rhizosphere regulation-resistance and growth promotion" is constructed. The components are not simply superimposed, but are coupled through physical, chemical and biological mechanisms, significantly improving fertilizer utilization efficiency, thereby reducing the total amount of fertilizer while simultaneously improving potato yield and quality. The specific mechanism is as follows:

[0011] (1) precise proportioning and synergistic supply of macronutrients (N-P-K): urea provides a readily available nitrogen source to meet the nitrogen requirements of potato seedlings during rapid growth; diammonium phosphate provides both nitrogen and water-soluble phosphorus (P2O5), especially during the initial stage of potato tuber formation, sufficient phosphorus can promote energy metabolism and starch accumulation; potassium sulfate provides high-concentration potassium (K2O), potassium is a key element for potato dry matter accumulation, tuber swelling and disease resistance, and exists in the form of sulfate, avoiding the negative effects of chloride ions on tuber quality; the three elements are matched in appropriate proportions to meet the potato fertilizer requirements, avoiding antagonism or waste caused by excessive single element, achieving "fertilization on demand".

[0012] (2) targeted supplementation and physiological function enhancement of micronutrients: zinc in zinc sulfate is a cofactor for various enzymes involved in auxin synthesis, and a lack of zinc can cause potato plants to be stunted and tubers to be deformed; boron in borax promotes sugar transport and cell wall synthesis, which is crucial for tuber swelling and smooth skin; magnesium in magnesium sulfate is a core element of chlorophyll, ensuring photosynthetic efficiency and preventing early leaf senescence in the middle and late stages; calcium in amino acid chelated calcium exists in the form of amino acid chelation, which not only improves absorption rate but also enhances cell wall stability, significantly reducing internal browning, hollowing and rotting rate during storage. These micronutrients, although used in small amounts, address typical physiological obstacles in potato production, achieving "micro-high efficiency".

[0013] (3) synergistic mechanism of functional additives: the present application uses modified humic acid and polyaspartic acid to construct a double-release system, wherein modified humic acid is rich in functional groups such as carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups, which can adsorb NH4 + , K + , Ca2+ isocations, slow down the release rate of nutrients; polyaspartic acid is a biodegradable polymer with strong complexing ability, which can form stable soluble complexes with metal ions (such as Zn 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ ) to prevent precipitation and inactivation, and delay urea hydrolysis; the two synergistically build a dual-release network of "physical adsorption + chemical complexation", prolong the fertilizer efficiency period, reduce leaching loss, and improve fertilizer utilization rate. In addition, ammonium aluminate slowly releases aluminum ions and ammonium nitrogen in the soil, among which aluminum ions can partially inhibit the activity of nitrosation bacteria, delay the conversion of NH4 + →NO3 - , reduce nitrate leaching and denitrification N2O emissions; at the same time, it maintains the stability of the rhizosphere microenvironment pH, which is conducive to the growth characteristics of potato which prefers slightly acidic soil; in addition, diatomite not only has high porosity and specific surface area, but also uniformly disperses each component as an inert carrier to prevent caking, and can improve soil aeration and water holding capacity, creating a loose environment for tuber enlargement; and its surface silicon hydroxyl group can also adsorb nutrient ions, assist in slow release, and provide plant available silicon to enhance potato stem strength and disease resistance.

[0014] In summary, through the synergistic effect of multiple components, the present application significantly achieves the goal of reducing the amount and increasing the efficiency in potato planting: on the one hand, the dual-release system constructed by modified humic acid and polyaspartic acid, combined with the nitrification inhibition function of ammonium aluminate, effectively delays nitrogen transformation and release, significantly reduces the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in traditional fertilizers, and significantly reduces the total amount of fertilization under the same yield level; on the other hand, micronutrients such as amino acid chelated calcium are supplied in the form of high biological availability, combined with diatomite to improve soil structure and rhizosphere microenvironment, significantly improving nutrient absorption efficiency, especially during the critical period of tuber enlargement. At the same time, calcium, boron, silicon and other elements synergistically enhance the hardness, skin integrity and storage stability of tubers, effectively reducing the loss of commodity potatoes, while modified humic acid promotes root development and improves plant drought and disease resistance. In addition, the compound fertilizer significantly reduces nitrogen and phosphorus leaching and greenhouse gas emissions, and takes into account high yield, high quality and ecological safety, fully meeting the requirements of green agriculture and sustainable development.

[0015] Optionally, by weight, the compound fertilizer comprises the following components:

[0016] urea 15-25 parts, diammonium phosphate 10-20 parts, potassium sulfate 15-25 parts, modified humic acid 5-10 parts, amino acid chelated calcium 3-6 parts, polyaspartic acid 1-2 parts, diatomite 3-5 parts, zinc sulfate 1-3 parts, borax 0.5-1.5 parts, magnesium sulfate 2-4 parts, ammonium aluminate 0.1-0.3 parts.

[0017] Further, the compound fertilizer comprises the following components by weight:

[0018] urea 15 parts, diammonium phosphate 10 parts, potassium sulfate 15 parts, modified humic acid 5 parts, amino acid chelated calcium 3 parts, polyaspartic acid 1 part, diatomite 3 parts, zinc sulfate 3 parts, borax 1.5 parts, magnesium sulfate 4 parts, and ammonium aluminate 0.3 parts.

[0019] Further, the compound fertilizer comprises the following components by weight:

[0020] urea 20 parts, diammonium phosphate 16 parts, potassium sulfate 21 parts, modified humic acid 8 parts, amino acid chelated calcium 4 parts, polyaspartic acid 2 parts, diatomite 4 parts, zinc sulfate 2 parts, borax 1 part, magnesium sulfate 3 parts, and ammonium aluminate 0.2 parts.

[0021] Further, the compound fertilizer comprises the following components by weight:

[0022] urea 25 parts, diammonium phosphate 20 parts, potassium sulfate 25 parts, modified humic acid 10 parts, amino acid chelated calcium 6 parts, polyaspartic acid 2 parts, diatomite 5 parts, zinc sulfate 1 part, borax 0.5 part, magnesium sulfate 2 parts, and ammonium aluminate 0.1 part.

[0023] Optionally, the preparation process of the modified humic acid is as follows:

[0024] The dried humic acid powder is dispersed in a NaOH solution, hydrogen peroxide (concentration of 30 wt%) is added, and the mixture is reacted at 40°C for 1 h to increase the carboxyl content, improve water solubility, and enhance complexing capacity. After the reaction is completed, the solid is collected and subjected to plasma surface activation treatment to obtain the modified humic acid.

[0025] Further, the use amount ratio of the humic acid powder, the NaOH solution, and the hydrogen peroxide is 1 g:10 mL:25 mL, and the concentration of the NaOH solution is 0.5 mol / L.

[0026] Further, the conditions of the plasma surface activation treatment are as follows:

[0027] irradiation in a helium-oxygen mixed plasma (He:O2=95:5 vol%) at a power of 60-80 W for 3-5 min; the surface of the humic acid particles can be physically etched and chemically functionalized.

[0028] A preparation method of a compound fertilizer for potato planting with reduced amount and increased efficiency, comprising the following steps:

[0029] urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, borax, magnesium sulfate, and ammonium aluminate are weighed according to weight parts, and then dry mixing is performed at a speed of 30-40 rpm for 15-20 min to obtain a mixture;

[0030] The modified humic acid, amino acid chelated calcium, polyaspartic acid and diatomite are added into the mixture, and the mixing is continued for 20-25 minutes at the same rotating speed to ensure that the organic-inorganic components are evenly dispersed;

[0031] Then, granulation, drying and cooling are performed to prepare the compound fertilizer for potato planting with reduced amount and increased efficiency.

[0032] Optionally, the granulation conditions are as follows:

[0033] Spray 3-6% of atomized deionized water into the total material mass, control the granulation temperature to be less than or equal to 45 DEG C, and perform granulation to obtain wet granules with a particle size of 2-4 mm.

[0034] Optionally, the drying conditions are as follows:

[0035] Drying is performed at 60-70 DEG C to make the water content of the final product less than or equal to 2.0%.

[0036] An application method of a compound fertilizer for potato planting with reduced amount and increased efficiency, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0037] 60 wt% of the application amount of the compound fertilizer is deeply applied to the 15-20 cm soil layer before potato planting in combination with soil preparation to avoid loss caused by surface accumulation of the fertilizer; and the seed potato is ensured to be isolated from the compound fertilizer by more than 5 cm of soil to prevent seed burning.

[0038] The remaining compound fertilizer is hole-applied or strip-applied at the initial stage of potato tuber formation (20-25 days after emergence) in combination with cultivation to promote the development of secondary root systems.

[0039] Irrigation is performed in time according to the soil moisture content after fertilization, but large flooding irrigation is avoided to prevent nutrient leaching.

[0040] Optionally, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 25-30 kg / mu.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0042] The compound fertilizer disclosed in the application realizes high synchronization of nutrient release and potato growth period fertilizer requirement through multi-dimensional design of "reasonable proportioning of macroelements + targeted supplementation of microelements + synergistic regulation of functional additives". The positive feedback cycle of "slow release - efficiency preservation - absorption promotion - stress resistance" is formed among the components, not only reduces the total amount of chemical fertilizer, but also significantly improves the yield, commodity rate and storage quality of potatoes, and truly achieves the modern agricultural goal of "reducing the amount without reducing the yield, increasing the efficiency and being environmentally friendly". DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following detailed description of various exemplary embodiments of the application will not be considered limiting of the application, but rather a description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the application.

[0044] It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. Additionally, for the purposes of the present application, ranges provided herein are understood to be shorthand for describing each and every value and sub-range falling within the range. Numeric ranges are understood to include each and every value and sub-range falling within the range. Absent a context suggesting that the term excludes any sub-range, "range" includes the end values and any intervening value and / or sub-range.

[0045] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. Although preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present application. All documents mentioned herein are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials in connection with which the documents are cited. In case of conflict between the present specification and any document incorporated by reference, the present specification will control.

[0046] Various modifications and changes can be made to the specific embodiments of the application described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the application. Other embodiments of the application will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art from the description and examples presented herein. The description and examples are illustrative of the application and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.

[0047] As used herein, the terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes", "including", "has", "having", "contains", "containing", or variations thereof, are intended to be open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.

[0048] As used herein, the term "room temperature" means 20-30°C, unless otherwise specified.

[0049] As used herein, the term "parts" means mass parts, unless otherwise specified.

[0050] The raw materials used in the present application are commercially available.

[0051] The technical solutions of the present application are further described below through examples.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] A compound fertilizer for reducing the amount and increasing the efficiency of potato planting, comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0054] urea 25 parts, diammonium phosphate 20 parts, potassium sulfate 25 parts, modified humic acid 10 parts, amino acid chelated calcium 6 parts, polyaspartic acid 2 parts, diatomite 5 parts, zinc sulfate 1 part, borax 0.5 part, magnesium sulfate 2 parts, ammonium aluminate 0.1 part;

[0055] The preparation process of the modified humic acid is as follows:

[0056] (1) The dried humic acid powder is dispersed in a 0.5 mol / L NaOH solution according to a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 (g / mL), and then hydrogen peroxide (concentration of 30 wt%) is added, and the reaction is carried out at 40°C for 1 hour. The amount ratio of humic acid to hydrogen peroxide is 1 g:25 mL.

[0057] (2) After the reaction is completed, the solid is collected and uniformly laid on a quartz tray (thickness ≤2 mm), and placed in an atmospheric pressure low-temperature helium-oxygen gas plasma device (He:O2=95:5 vol%), and irradiated at a power of 80 W and a treatment distance of 2 cm for 5 minutes.

[0058] The preparation method of the above-mentioned compound fertilizer for reducing the amount and increasing the efficiency of potato planting includes the following steps:

[0059] Step one: raw material pretreatment

[0060] Urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, borax, magnesium sulfate, and ammonium aluminate are respectively crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve to ensure that the particle size is ≤0.18 mm, so as to improve the subsequent mixing uniformity.

[0061] The modified humic acid is pre-dried at 60-80°C to a water content of ≤5%, and then crushed and passed through a 100-mesh sieve.

[0062] Amino acid chelated calcium and polyaspartic acid are in powder or micro-particle form.

[0063] Diatomite (SiO2 content ≥85%) is used as a carrier and conditioner, and is dried at 105°C for 2 hours to remove adsorbed water, and then cooled and used.

[0064] Step two: dry mixing of main materials

[0065] Urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, borax, magnesium sulfate, and ammonium aluminate are added to a double-shaft paddle mixer according to the weight fraction, and dry mixed at a room temperature and a rotation speed of 30 rpm for 20 minutes to obtain a mixture of base macroelements and microelements.

[0066] Step three: addition of functional additives and secondary mixing

[0067] The pretreated modified humic acid, amino acid chelated calcium, polyaspartic acid and diatomite are added into the above mixture, and the mixing is continued in the double-shaft mixer for 25 minutes at the same rotating speed to ensure that the organic-inorganic components are evenly dispersed. The environmental humidity is controlled to be less than or equal to 60% during the mixing process to prevent moisture absorption and caking.

[0068] Step four: granulation

[0069] The mixed powder is sent into a disc granulator, and 6% of the total mass of the misted deionized water is sprayed into the granulator. The granulation temperature is controlled to be less than or equal to 45°C, and the granulation time is 15 minutes to obtain wet granules with a particle size of 2-4 mm.

[0070] Step five: drying and cooling

[0071] The wet granules are sent into an air flow dryer, and the drying is performed at 60-70°C to make the water content of the final product less than or equal to 2.0%. After drying, the material is cooled to room temperature by a cooler to prevent thermal caking.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] The difference from Example 1 is that the reduced-dosage and synergistic compound fertilizer for potato planting comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0074] urea 20 parts, diammonium phosphate 16 parts, potassium sulfate 21 parts, modified humic acid 8 parts, amino acid chelated calcium 4 parts, polyaspartic acid 2 parts, diatomite 4 parts, zinc sulfate 2 parts, borax 1 part, magnesium sulfate 3 parts, and ammonium aluminate 0.2 part.

[0075] Example 3

[0076] The difference from Example 1 is that the reduced-dosage and synergistic compound fertilizer for potato planting comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0077] urea 15 parts, diammonium phosphate 10 parts, potassium sulfate 15 parts, modified humic acid 5 parts, amino acid chelated calcium 3 parts, polyaspartic acid 1 part, diatomite 3 parts, zinc sulfate 3 parts, borax 1.5 parts, magnesium sulfate 4 parts, and ammonium aluminate 0.3 part.

[0078] Comparative Example 1

[0079] The difference from Example 1 is that the reduced-dosage and synergistic compound fertilizer for potato planting does not add amino acid chelated calcium.

[0080] Comparative Example 2

[0081] The difference from Example 1 is that the reduced-dosage and synergistic compound fertilizer for potato planting does not add polyaspartic acid.

[0082] Comparative Example 3

[0083] The difference from Example 1 is that no diatomite is added in the reduced-dosage and efficiency-enhanced compound fertilizer for potato planting.

[0084] Comparative Example 4

[0085] The difference from Example 1 is that the modified humic acid in the reduced-dosage and efficiency-enhanced compound fertilizer for potato planting is replaced by humic acid of the same weight fraction.

[0086] Effect verification

[0087] Under the same soil conditions, the compound fertilizers of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 are used for potato planting. The tested potato variety is Jizhang No. 12, the planting density is 4000 plants per mu, and the total application amount of the compound fertilizer is 30 kg per mu. Except for the fertilization treatment, other management measures are consistent. The specific effect data are shown in Table 1.

[0088] The fertilization steps of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 are as follows:

[0089] 60 wt% of the application amount of the compound fertilizer is deeply applied to the 15-20 cm soil layer before potato planting in combination with soil preparation, so as to avoid loss caused by surface accumulation of the fertilizer; and the seed potato is ensured to be isolated from the compound fertilizer by more than 5 cm of soil during planting, so as to prevent seed burning.

[0090] The remaining compound fertilizer is hole-applied at the initial stage of potato tuber formation (20-25 days after emergence) in combination with cultivation, so as to promote the development of secondary root systems.

[0091] After fertilization, irrigation is performed in time according to the soil moisture content, but large-scale flooding irrigation is avoided to prevent nutrient leaching.

[0092] The difference between the conventional fertilization and the above fertilization process is that 30 kg per mu of the compound fertilizer is replaced by 50 kg per mu of 13-15-17 (N-P2O5-K2O) base fertilizer (a fertilizer containing 13% nitrogen (N), 15% phosphorus (P2O5) and 17% potassium (K2O)).

[0093] Table 1

[0094] treatment group conventional yield increase rate starch content tuber number per plant conventional fertilization - 15.8% 5.2 example 1 21.4% 20.5% 6.8 example 2 18.5% 18.9% 6.5 example 3 17.6% 18.2% 6.1 comparative example 1 (no calcium chelated with amino acid) 10.5% 16.8% 5.9 comparative example 2 (no polyaspartate) 8.1% 16.2% 5.7 comparative example 3 (no diatomaceous earth) 9.5% 16.5% 5.8 comparative example 4 (unmodified humic acid) 4.6% 16.0% 5.5

[0095] As can be seen from Table 1, the reduced-dosage and efficiency-enhanced compound fertilizers of Examples 1-3 not only do not reduce the potato yield, but also achieve obvious yield increase and quality improvement under the premise of significantly reducing the fertilization amount (from the conventional 50 kg per mu to 30 kg per mu, a reduction of 40%), which fully embodies the core advantages of “reduced dosage and efficiency enhancement”.

[0096] Specifically, embodiment 1 shows the best performance, with a yield increase rate of 21.4% compared with conventional fertilization, a starch content of 20.5%, and a tuber number per plant of 6.8, which are significantly better than those of the control. Embodiments 2 and 3 have further reduced NPK ratios, but still achieve yield increase rates of 18.5% and 17.6%, respectively, indicating that the compound fertilizer system has good formulation flexibility and adaptability and can maintain efficient supply under different nutrient levels.

[0097] In summary, the present application constructs a compound system with efficient nutrient synergy, controllable release, growth promotion and stress resistance by scientifically proportioning macroelements, precisely supplementing microelements, and innovatively introducing modified humic acid, polyaspartic acid, amino acid chelated calcium, diatomite and other multifunctional additives. Under the condition of reducing the fertilization amount by 40%, the present application still achieves about 20% yield increase and significant quality improvement, verifying its outstanding capacity of reducing amount and increasing efficiency, and providing reliable technical support for green and efficient planting of potatoes.

[0098] The above merely describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed by the present application, which should be covered in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A compound fertilizer for potato cultivation that reduces fertilizer usage and increases efficiency, characterized in that, Includes the following components: Urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, modified humic acid, amino acid chelated calcium, polyaspartic acid, diatomaceous earth, zinc sulfate, borax, magnesium sulfate, and ammonium aluminate.

2. The compound fertilizer for potato cultivation that reduces dosage and increases efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that, By weight, it includes the following components: Urea 15-25 parts, diammonium phosphate 10-20 parts, potassium sulfate 15-25 parts, modified humic acid 5-10 parts, amino acid chelated calcium 3-6 parts, polyaspartic acid 1-2 parts, diatomaceous earth 3-5 parts, zinc sulfate 1-3 parts, borax 0.5-1.5 parts, magnesium sulfate 2-4 parts, ammonium aluminate 0.1-0.3 parts.

3. The compound fertilizer for potato cultivation that reduces dosage and increases efficiency according to claim 2, characterized in that, By weight, it includes the following components: 15 parts urea, 10 parts diammonium phosphate, 15 parts potassium sulfate, 5 parts modified humic acid, 3 parts amino acid chelated calcium, 1 part polyaspartic acid, 3 parts diatomaceous earth, 3 parts zinc sulfate, 1.5 parts borax, 4 parts magnesium sulfate, and 0.3 parts ammonium aluminate.

4. The compound fertilizer for potato cultivation that reduces dosage and increases efficiency according to claim 2, characterized in that, By weight, it includes the following components: 20 parts urea, 16 parts diammonium phosphate, 21 parts potassium sulfate, 8 parts modified humic acid, 4 parts amino acid chelated calcium, 2 parts polyaspartic acid, 4 parts diatomaceous earth, 2 parts zinc sulfate, 1 part borax, 3 parts magnesium sulfate, and 0.2 parts ammonium aluminate.

5. A compound fertilizer for potato cultivation that reduces dosage and increases efficiency according to claim 2, characterized in that, By weight, it includes the following components: 25 parts urea, 20 parts diammonium phosphate, 25 parts potassium sulfate, 10 parts modified humic acid, 6 parts amino acid chelated calcium, 2 parts polyaspartic acid, 5 parts diatomaceous earth, 1 part zinc sulfate, 0.5 parts borax, 2 parts magnesium sulfate, and 0.1 parts ammonium aluminate.

6. The compound fertilizer for potato cultivation that reduces dosage and increases efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation process of the modified humic acid is as follows: The dried humic acid powder was dispersed in NaOH solution, and hydrogen peroxide was added and reacted at 40°C for 1 h. After the reaction was complete, the solid was collected and subjected to plasma surface activation treatment to obtain the modified humic acid.

7. A compound fertilizer for potato cultivation that reduces dosage and increases efficiency according to claim 6, characterized in that, The conditions for the plasma surface activation treatment are as follows: Irradiate in a helium-oxygen mixed plasma at a power of 60-80 W for 3-5 minutes.

8. A method for preparing a compound fertilizer for potato cultivation that reduces fertilizer usage and increases efficiency, as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Weigh urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate, borax, magnesium sulfate, and ammonium aluminate according to their weight proportions, and then dry mix them at 30-40 rpm for 15-20 minutes to obtain a mixture. Add modified humic acid, amino acid chelated calcium, polyaspartic acid and diatomaceous earth to the mixture and continue mixing at the same speed for 20-25 minutes. Finally, the mixture is granulated, dried, and cooled to prepare the compound fertilizer for potato cultivation that reduces fertilizer usage and increases efficiency.

9. A method for applying a compound fertilizer for potato cultivation that reduces dosage and increases efficiency, as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Specifically, the following steps are included: Apply 60wt% of the compound fertilizer to the soil layer of 15-20cm before potato planting, in conjunction with land preparation. Apply the remaining compound fertilizer in holes or strips during the early stage of potato tuber formation; Irrigate promptly after fertilization, depending on soil moisture conditions.

10. The method for applying the compound fertilizer for potato cultivation with reduced dosage and increased efficiency according to claim 9, characterized in that, The application rate of the compound fertilizer is 25-30 kg / mu.