Carbon emission accounting and tracing method and system based on power data

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of carbon emission management and green power accounting, and particularly relates to a carbon emission accounting and tracing method and system based on power data, which comprises the following steps: obtaining carbon intensity of a unit and processing to obtain a smoothed carbon value; establishing a carbon intensity label queue, and obtaining a discharge tracing set based on the first-in first-out principle; arranging the discharge tracing set in descending order of carbon intensity, preferentially allocating power to meet the loss power, and calculating the total loss carbon emission; based on the carbon conservation principle, calculating the total effective carbon emission, and obtaining the effective carbon average of the effective output power; obtaining an exponential decay model based on the average storage time, and obtaining the net emission reduction of the energy storage system; based on a power flow tracking model, the effective carbon average is allocated to downstream loads, and the total carbon emission of the downstream loads is accounted and traced. The present application solves the technical problems of distorted carbon emission accounting of energy storage systems and unclear carbon responsibility boundary.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbon emission management and green electricity accounting technology. More specifically, this invention relates to a method and system for carbon emission accounting and traceability based on electricity data. Background Technology

[0002] The proportion of renewable energy in new power systems continues to increase. As a key facility for smoothing the fluctuations of new energy sources and realizing power time shifting, the application scale of electrochemical energy storage is rapidly expanding. However, the value of energy storage is not only reflected in energy dispatch, but also in its potential carbon reduction contribution. By charging during low-carbon periods and discharging during high-carbon periods of the power grid, it is theoretically possible to reduce overall carbon emissions. To measure this contribution in a true and fair manner, it is necessary to establish an accurate and traceable carbon emission accounting mechanism.

[0003] Current mainstream carbon emission accounting methods mostly use regional or time-period average carbon emission factors, ignoring the reality that grid carbon intensity fluctuates dramatically over time. For example, the carbon factor may be close to zero during the midday peak of photovoltaic power generation, while it rises significantly at night when thermal power dominates. If a uniform daily average is used, it will be seriously distorted: it may overestimate the decarbonization benefits of energy storage, or it may cover up the hidden emissions from charging during high-carbon periods. More importantly, there is a physical mixing effect within the energy storage system—the electricity charged at different times is completely mixed in the battery, making it impossible to physically distinguish its source carbon intensity label. This renders traditional physical flow-based tracking methods ineffective.

[0004] Furthermore, energy storage charging and discharging processes inherently involve efficiency losses. This lost electricity also carries historical carbon intensity labels, but its carbon liability attribution has long been ambiguous. Current practices often treat losses and effective output electricity together as average carbon factors, leading to unclear boundaries of carbon responsibility between operators and end-users. Existing methods lack consideration for time risks; the longer the energy is stored, the lower the traceability and accuracy of its original carbon intensity label. However, traditional accounting does not conservatively correct for this, potentially leading to an overestimation of decarbonization contributions. Therefore, a refined traceability mechanism is urgently needed that can dynamically reflect the grid's real-time smoothed carbon value, accurately bind carbon intensity labels according to charging sequence, and distinguish between effective output and loss liability during discharge. Only by introducing time decay penalties on this basis can the true carbon reduction value of energy storage be scientifically assessed, providing a reliable basis for carbon market trading, green electricity certification, and carbon footprint management. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems of distorted carbon emission accounting and unclear carbon responsibility boundaries in energy storage systems, this invention provides solutions in the following aspects.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for carbon emission accounting and tracing based on power data, comprising: acquiring the carbon intensity of generating units and processing it to obtain a smoothed carbon value; establishing a carbon intensity tag queue and acquiring a discharge tracing set based on a first-in-first-out principle; sorting the carbon intensity tag power packets in the discharge tracing set in descending order of their carbon intensity, prioritizing the allocation of power share from the carbon intensity tag power packet with the highest carbon intensity to meet the power loss of the energy storage system, and calculating the total carbon emission loss of the energy storage system; calculating the total carbon emission consumption of the discharge tracing set based on the principle of carbon conservation, and subtracting the total carbon emission loss of the energy storage system from the total carbon emission consumption to obtain the final carbon emission. Total effective carbon emissions are calculated by obtaining the effective carbon average of the effective output electricity based on the ratio of total effective carbon emissions to effective output electricity. The average storage duration of the discharge traceability set is obtained based on the electricity consumption of each carbon intensity tag electricity packet in the discharge traceability set and its corresponding storage duration. An exponential decay model is constructed based on the average storage duration. By comparing the grid carbon intensity at the discharge moment with the average carbon average of the total electricity and multiplying by the exponential decay model, the net emission reduction of the energy storage system is obtained. The allocation coefficient of downstream load is obtained based on the power flow tracing model. The effective carbon average of the effective output electricity is allocated to the downstream load, and the total carbon emissions of the downstream load are calculated and traced.

[0007] This invention constructs a complete carbon emission accounting and traceability method by obtaining smoothed carbon values, establishing a carbon intensity label queue, distinguishing between losses and effective carbon emissions, assessing decarbonization contributions, and calculating the total carbon emissions of downstream loads. It solves the problem of unclear responsibility boundaries caused by traditional average factor accounting and provides clear carbon footprint data for energy storage operators and downstream loads.

[0008] Preferably, the step of obtaining the unit carbon intensity and processing it to obtain a smoothed carbon value includes: collecting the real-time power generation and unit carbon intensity of all generator units; calculating the grid carbon intensity by weighting the power generation of all generator units using the unit carbon intensity as the weight; and processing the time series of grid carbon intensity using an exponential smoothing method to obtain a smoothed carbon value.

[0009] This invention processes the carbon intensity of the power grid using an exponential smoothing method to obtain a smooth carbon value, which suppresses high-frequency noise and instantaneous fluctuations. It obtains a smooth carbon value that reflects the true carbon emission trend and has both real-time performance and statistical stability, providing a unified numerical basis for the subsequent establishment of a carbon intensity labeling queue.

[0010] Preferably, the total carbon emissions loss satisfies the expression: In the formula, At the discharge moment Total carbon emissions generated; It is a collection of discharge source traces; It is sorted in descending order from the carbon strength label battery pack. The share of electricity allocated to losses; It is a carbon strength label battery pack Corresponding charging time The smooth carbon value.

[0011] Preferably, the effective carbon mean satisfies the expression: In the formula, It is the moment of discharge. The effective carbon mean; It is a carbon strength label battery pack The corresponding charging time; From carbon strength label battery pack The amount of electricity consumed in the process; It is the effective output power; It is the moment of discharge. Total carbon emissions from losses; It is a collection of discharge source traces; It is a carbon strength label battery pack Corresponding charging time The smooth carbon value.

[0012] Preferably, the average storage duration satisfies the expression: In the formula, It is the average storage time; It is the moment of discharge; It is a carbon strength label battery pack The corresponding charging time; It is a collection of discharge source traces; From carbon strength label battery pack The amount of electricity consumed in the process; This is the total power consumption.

[0013] Preferably, the net emission reduction satisfies the expression: In the formula, It is the net emission reduction of the energy storage system; It is the moment of discharge. The carbon intensity of the power grid; It is the moment of discharge. The average total carbon content; This is the total power consumption; It is the average storage time; This is a reference duration; It is the natural exponential function; It is the time penalty coefficient.

[0014] This invention introduces an exponential decay model based on average storage duration into the calculation of net emission reductions of energy storage systems, and corrects for time risk in the theoretical decarbonization contribution. This ensures that the net emission reductions of energy storage systems are rigorously evaluated after considering retrospective uncertainties, and avoids overestimation of contributions due to excessively long storage times.

[0015] Preferably, the step of establishing a carbon intensity tag queue and obtaining a discharge traceability set based on the first-in-first-out (FIFO) principle includes: abstracting the energy storage capacity into a carbon intensity tag queue for storing carbon intensity tag power packets; creating a carbon intensity tag power packet containing power, charging time, and carbon intensity information at the charging time during each charging cycle, and appending it to the end of the queue; the queue strictly follows the FIFO principle; and according to the FIFO principle, extracting one or more carbon intensity tag power packets sequentially from the front of the carbon intensity tag queue until the total extracted power equals the calculated total power consumption, which together form the discharge traceability set.

[0016] This invention sorts the carbon intensity tagged power packets in the discharge traceability set in descending order of their carbon intensity, and prioritizes allocating power share starting from the carbon intensity tagged power packet with the highest carbon intensity to meet the power loss of the energy storage system. This accurately separates the carbon emissions carried by the power loss and clarifies the internal operating carbon footprint of the energy storage operator.

[0017] Preferably, the calculation and tracing of the total carbon emissions of downstream loads includes: calculating the distribution coefficient from the energy storage system node to each downstream load at the discharge time using a power flow tracking model; taking the product of the effective output power and the distribution coefficient as the energy storage power consumed by the downstream loads; and taking the product of the energy storage power consumed by the downstream loads and the effective carbon average as the energy storage carbon emissions generated by the downstream loads.

[0018] This invention calculates the allocation coefficient of downstream loads using a power flow tracing model and allocates the effective carbon average of the effective output power accordingly. This enables closed-loop tracing of carbon intensity labels from energy storage systems to the final downstream loads, providing a clear attribution for the total carbon emissions accounting of downstream loads.

[0019] Preferably, the calculation and tracing of the total carbon emissions of downstream loads includes: the total carbon emissions of downstream loads are the sum of the direct carbon emissions generated by the electrical energy they directly consume and the energy storage carbon emissions generated by the energy storage they consume.

[0020] Secondly, the present invention provides a carbon emission accounting and tracing system based on electricity data, including a processor and a memory. The memory stores computer program instructions, and when the computer program instructions are executed by the processor, the above-mentioned carbon emission accounting and tracing method based on electricity data is implemented.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, a computer program is generated from the above-mentioned carbon emission accounting and tracing method based on electricity data and stored in the memory so that it can be loaded and executed by the processor. In this way, a terminal device can be made based on the memory and the processor for convenient use.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0023] This invention solves the problem of unclear carbon responsibility boundaries between operators and end users in traditional accounting by arranging carbon intensity-tagged power packets in the discharge traceability set in descending order of carbon intensity to prioritize the attribution of lost power, and calculating the effective carbon mean of effective output power based on the principle of carbon conservation. This enables precise separation of the internal operating carbon footprint of energy storage operators.

[0024] This invention obtains a smoothed carbon value for the power grid carbon intensity using an exponential smoothing method, and creates a carbon intensity tagged power package during charging and stores it in a carbon intensity tagged queue. This overcomes the problem of carbon intensity tag loss caused by the internal physical mixing effect of energy storage devices and enables accurate traceability of historical carbon intensity tags for electrical energy.

[0025] This invention introduces an exponential decay model based on average storage duration to correct the net emission reduction of energy storage systems, which solves the problem of traditional accounting lacking time risk consideration and ensures that the contribution of energy storage is rigorously evaluated after taking into account retrospective uncertainty. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a carbon emission accounting and tracing method based on electricity data according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the grid carbon intensity and smoothed carbon value in this invention;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the energy storage charging and discharging strategy and smoothing carbon value in this invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the assessment of net emission reductions of the energy storage system in this invention;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the attribution of carbon emissions from downstream loads in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] This invention discloses a method for carbon emission accounting and tracing based on electricity data, referring to... Figure 1 This includes steps S1-S6:

[0034] S1. Obtain the unit's carbon intensity and process it to obtain a smoothed carbon value.

[0035] It should be noted that the overall goal of this invention is to achieve accurate traceability of carbon emission accounting for energy storage, which requires assigning an accurate and reliable carbon intensity to the charged electrical energy. In new power systems, due to the real-time changes in power generation and consumption, the carbon intensity of generating units exhibits high-frequency fluctuations. Directly using this data would result in carbon intensity that is too fragmented and susceptible to noise interference, which is not conducive to subsequent accurate accounting. Therefore, this invention uses standard time series smoothing technology to process the grid carbon intensity after weighted averaging of all generating units to eliminate instantaneous interference and obtain a smooth carbon value that reflects the true carbon emission trend and has both real-time accuracy and statistical stability, serving as the unified numerical basis for all subsequent carbon intensities.

[0036] It should be further clarified that the carbon intensity label is a data identifier assigned to electrical energy by this invention to achieve accurate traceability. It does not refer to the physical form of electrical energy, but rather to the immutable historical environmental cost information carried by the electrical energy. Since the cleanliness of the power grid changes constantly—for example, photovoltaic power during the day has far lower carbon emissions than thermal power plant electricity at night—this invention must solidify the carbon intensity of the electrical energy as a historical attribute the moment it is charged into the energy storage system. This carbon intensity label is the fundamental basis for all subsequent accounting and traceability, ensuring that the original carbon emission responsibility of the electrical energy can be accurately identified regardless of how long it is stored or when it is released.

[0037] Specifically, this invention collects data from all generator sets through a power dispatch automation system. At any moment Real-time power generation and unit carbon intensity The grid carbon intensity is calculated by weighting the unit carbon intensity of all generating units using real-time power generation as the weight. ; regarding the carbon intensity of the power grid The time series data was smoothed using exponential smoothing to suppress high-frequency noise and transient fluctuations, ultimately yielding a smoothed carbon value that combines real-time performance with statistical stability. The smooth carbon value This serves as the numerical basis for subsequent carbon intensity measurements.

[0038] For example, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of grid carbon intensity and smoothed carbon value. The blue curve represents grid carbon intensity, and the orange curve represents smoothed carbon value.

[0039] S2. Establish a carbon intensity tag queue and obtain the discharge source set based on the first-in-first-out principle.

[0040] It should be noted that energy storage devices have a fixed efficiency loss during charging and discharging, which means that the effective output power is always less than the total power consumption. This lost power also carries a historical carbon intensity tag. In order to accurately allocate carbon emission responsibility, this invention precisely decouples the effective power obtained by the user from the carbon intensity tag carried by the device's own efficiency loss. This invention achieves dynamic allocation of carbon responsibility by applying a round-trip efficiency factor in the carbon intensity tag queue.

[0041] It should be further explained that the carbon intensity tag energy package is a virtual data unit used to manage the carbon intensity tags of electrical energy in the carbon intensity tag queue. In actual energy storage batteries, all charged electrical energy is physically mixed together, causing the loss of its historical carbon intensity tags. To solve this problem, this invention creates a carbon intensity tag energy package at the data level. Functionally, it acts as a virtual data container, firmly binding two key pieces of information: first, the amount of electricity obtained in a specific charging behavior, such as charging 10 megawatt-hours; second, the unique historical carbon intensity tag corresponding to that amount of electricity, such as a low carbon intensity tag charged at noon. By arranging these data containers according to the charging sequence, i.e., the first-in, first-out principle, this invention ensures that during discharge, consumption and accounting can be strictly performed according to the historical attributes at the time of storage, thereby achieving accurate traceability of mixed electrical energy.

[0042] To achieve accurate traceability of carbon intensity tags and solve the efficiency loss problem, this invention abstracts the energy storage capacity into a carbon intensity tag queue. This queue is used to store a series of carbon intensity tag power packets, where each carbon intensity tag power packet records in detail the power of a certain charge, the corresponding charging time, and the smoothed carbon value at the charging time.

[0043] During each charge, the system creates a new carbon intensity tag energy packet containing information such as the amount of energy charged, the corresponding charging time, and the smoothed carbon value at that time, and appends it to the end of the queue. This queue strictly follows the first-in-first-out principle, which stipulates that the order in which energy blocks are consumed must be consistent with the order in which they are charged, that is, the earliest charged energy block must be consumed first.

[0044] Because energy storage devices have fixed efficiency losses, when the system outputs effective power, the total power consumption that must be consumed from the energy storage is calculated in reverse based on the rated round-trip efficiency factor. The power loss is determined by subtracting the effective output power from the total power consumption. According to the first-in-first-out principle, one or more carbon intensity tag power packets are extracted sequentially from the front of the carbon intensity tag queue, i.e., the earliest charged block, until the total extracted power equals the calculated total power consumption. These extracted power packets together form a discharge traceability set, which is used for subsequent carbon responsibility attribution calculations.

[0045] For example, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of energy storage charging and discharging strategies and smoothed carbon values. The blue curve represents the smoothed carbon value; the green bars represent the charging capacity; and the red bars represent the effective output capacity.

[0046] S3. Arrange the carbon intensity tag power packets in the discharge traceability set in descending order of their carbon intensity, and allocate power share starting from the carbon intensity tag power packet with the highest carbon intensity to meet the power loss of the energy storage system, and calculate the total carbon emission loss of the energy storage system.

[0047] This invention, after determining the total amount of electricity consumed during discharge and the discharge source set from which it originates, addresses the shortcomings of traditional average allocation methods that lead to unclear carbon responsibility attribution by precisely separating the carbon emissions carried by the lost electricity as the internal operational carbon footprint of the energy storage operator. Within the discharge source set, the system is arranged in descending order of carbon intensity, prioritizing the allocation of the highest-carbon-intensity tagged electricity packets to the lost electricity until the total amount is satisfied. The final calculated total carbon emissions from the lost electricity clearly assess the carbon footprint of the energy storage system itself, ensuring independent accounting of the operator's carbon responsibility.

[0048] Specifically, this invention addresses the discharge source tracing set. All internal carbon strength labels power packs According to its corresponding smooth carbon value The data is sorted in descending order; starting with the highest-ranked carbon intensity-labeled energy pack, energy is allocated sequentially to meet energy consumption needs. The total demand, until The energy package for each carbon intensity tag is fully allocated; this process determines the energy content of each tag. The share allocated as losses .

[0049] Furthermore, the present invention obtains total loss carbon emissions. The carbon footprint of the energy storage system's own operation was assessed, and the total carbon emissions from the discharge source set satisfy the expression:

[0050]

[0051] In the formula, At the discharge moment Total carbon emissions generated; It is a collection of discharge source traces; It is sorted in descending order from the carbon strength label battery pack. The share of electricity allocated to losses; It is a carbon strength label battery pack Corresponding charging time The smooth carbon value.

[0052] The purpose of total loss carbon emissions is to accurately calculate the carbon emissions generated by the energy storage system due to its own efficiency losses. This formula iterates through all discharge source sets used in this discharge. The system has already allocated a portion of the electricity from each carbon intensity tagged energy package specifically for compensating for losses, according to the rules. Total carbon emissions are calculated by multiplying the proportion of lost electricity by the smoothed carbon value recorded during charging. This product represents the carbon emissions corresponding to that portion of the lost electricity. The formula sums up the carbon emissions from all the sources of the discharge to obtain the total carbon emissions from the losses. This value is explicitly attributed to the energy storage operator and represents the carbon footprint of its equipment operation.

[0053] S4. Based on the principle of carbon conservation, calculate the total carbon emissions consumed by the discharge source set, subtract the total carbon emissions lost by the energy storage system from the total carbon emissions consumed to obtain the total effective carbon emissions, and obtain the effective carbon average of the effective output power based on the ratio of the total effective carbon emissions to the effective output power.

[0054] This invention, after separating the total loss carbon emissions, calculates the true carbon intensity label that downstream users should bear based on the principle of carbon conservation. The total consumption carbon emissions carried by the previously determined discharge traceability set are a fixed value. This invention subtracts the total loss carbon emissions already attributed to the operator's losses from this total consumption carbon emissions. The remaining total effective carbon emissions must all be attributed to the effective output electricity actually obtained by the user. Therefore, this invention obtains the effective carbon average by calculating the ratio of total effective carbon emissions to effective output electricity. This indicator is the direct basis for downstream load carbon emission accounting.

[0055] Specifically, the effective carbon mean of effective output electricity Satisfying the expression:

[0056]

[0057] In the formula, It is the moment of discharge. The effective carbon mean; It is a carbon strength label battery pack The corresponding charging time; From carbon strength label battery pack The amount of electricity consumed in the process; It is the effective output power; It is the moment of discharge. Total carbon emissions from losses; It is a collection of discharge source traces; It is a carbon strength label battery pack Corresponding charging time The smooth carbon value.

[0058] In the formula, the denominator is the effective output electricity. The numerator is the total carbon emissions lost, calculated by subtracting the losses attributed to the operator from the total carbon emissions consumed. The total carbon emissions consumed by the discharge source set are a fixed value, denoted as . ,and The total loss carbon emissions that have been separated and attributed are then used to determine the total effective carbon emissions (i.e., total consumed carbon emissions minus total loss carbon emissions), which are all attributed to the effective output electricity actually obtained by the user. By calculating the ratio of these two values, the direct basis for carbon emission accounting of downstream loads can be obtained.

[0059] S5. Based on the power consumption of each carbon intensity tag power packet in the discharge traceability set and its corresponding storage duration, obtain the average storage duration of the discharge traceability set; construct an exponential decay model based on the average storage duration, and obtain the net emission reduction of the energy storage system by comparing the grid carbon intensity at the discharge time with the average carbon value of the total power and multiplying it by the exponential decay model.

[0060] This invention aims to objectively evaluate the emission reduction value of energy storage by charging during low-carbon periods and discharging during high-carbon periods. In the evaluation, it is necessary not only to compare the difference between the grid carbon intensity at the time of discharge and the actual carbon intensity of the released energy, but also to consider time risk: the longer the energy is stored, the higher the uncertainty of the traceability and accuracy of its historical carbon intensity.

[0061] To ensure the rigor and conservatism of the calculation, this invention calculates the average storage time of the discharged electricity and obtains an exponential decay model with increasing penalty as the average storage time increases, which corrects the theoretical decarbonization contribution to ensure that the contribution of energy storage is rigorously evaluated.

[0062] Specifically, this invention calculates the average storage duration involved in this discharge. The average storage duration of the discharge tracing set satisfies the expression:

[0063]

[0064] In the formula, It is the average storage time; It is the moment of discharge; It is a carbon strength label battery pack The corresponding charging time; It is a collection of discharge source traces; From carbon strength label battery pack The amount of electricity consumed in the process; This is the total power consumption.

[0065] In the formula, the denominator is the total amount of electricity consumed in this discharge; the numerator is a weighted summation term, and the purpose of the calculation is to obtain the average storage time of the electricity involved in this discharge.

[0066] Furthermore, the present invention calculates the average carbon content of total electricity. , It is the total carbon emissions from consumption. It is the total electricity consumption; and the net emission reduction from energy storage is calculated. This indicator, when assessing the decarbonization contribution of energy storage, introduces the factor of average storage duration. The penalty for retroactive risks is that the net emission reduction of energy storage systems satisfies the expression:

[0067]

[0068] In the formula, It is the net emission reduction of the energy storage system; It is the moment of discharge. The carbon intensity of the power grid; It is the moment of discharge. The average total carbon content; This is the total power consumption; It is the average storage time; This is a reference duration; the experience value is... Hour; It is the natural exponential function; It is a time penalty coefficient, with an empirical value of [value missing]. .

[0069] The formula compares the grid carbon intensity at the discharge time. Carbon average of total electricity released by energy storage The difference between them is also multiplied by the total power consumption. To ensure the rigor and conservatism of the assessment, an exponential decay model was introduced to obtain a correction with increasing penalty as the average storage duration increases. This ensures that the contribution of energy storage is rigorously evaluated after taking into account time risk, i.e., the longer the storage duration, the higher the traceability uncertainty.

[0070] For example, Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram for assessing the net emission reduction of energy storage systems. The dark cyan bars represent the net emission reduction.

[0071] S6. Based on the power flow tracing model, obtain the allocation coefficient of downstream load, allocate the effective carbon average of effective output power to downstream load, and calculate and trace the total carbon emissions of downstream load.

[0072] It should be noted that this invention has calculated the effective average carbon burden that the user side should bear. As the final step in accounting and traceability, accurate carbon intensity labels are assigned to downstream loads that actually consume this stored energy. .because It may be consumed by multiple downstream loads simultaneously. This invention introduces a power flow tracking model to determine the allocation coefficient.

[0073] Specifically, this invention uses a real-time power flow tracking model, such as sensitivity analysis, to calculate the power flow at the discharge time. Energy flows from the energy storage system nodes to various downstream loads. Allocation coefficient The allocation coefficient Each downstream load was clearly defined. The share of electricity consumed by energy storage.

[0074] Furthermore, the present invention calculates the downstream load. Consumed energy storage power And calculate the downstream load. Carbon emissions generated from energy storage ,in Downstream load Consumed energy storage power, It is the moment of discharge. Effective carbon mean; downstream load Total carbon emissions It is the sum of its direct carbon emissions and energy storage carbon emissions.

[0075] For example, Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating the carbon emission attribution of downstream loads. There are two downstream loads, A and B. The dark red bars represent the direct carbon emissions of downstream load A; the light red bars represent the carbon emissions from energy storage of downstream load A; the dark blue bars represent the direct carbon emissions of downstream load B; and the light blue bars represent the carbon emissions from energy storage of downstream load B.

[0076] This invention also discloses a carbon emission accounting and tracing system based on electricity data, including a processor and a memory. The memory stores computer program instructions, and when the computer program instructions are executed by the processor, a carbon emission accounting and tracing method based on electricity data according to this invention is implemented.

[0077] The system also includes other components well known to those skilled in the art, such as communication buses and communication interfaces, the settings and functions of which are known in the art and will not be described in detail here.

Claims

1. A method for carbon emission accounting and source tracing based on electricity data, characterized in that, include: The unit's carbon intensity is obtained and processed to obtain a smoothed carbon value; A carbon intensity tag queue is established based on charging capacity, charging time and smoothed carbon value, and a discharge traceability set is obtained based on the first-in-first-out principle. The energy loss of the energy storage system is calculated by allocating the carbon intensity tag energy packets in the discharge source traceability set in descending order of carbon intensity and calculating the total carbon emission loss of the energy storage system. Based on the principle of carbon conservation, the total carbon emissions consumed by the discharge source set are calculated. The total effective carbon emissions are obtained by subtracting the total carbon emissions lost by the energy storage system from the total carbon emissions consumed. The effective carbon average of the effective output power is obtained based on the ratio of the total effective carbon emissions to the effective output power. Based on the power consumption of each carbon intensity tag power packet in the discharge traceability set and its corresponding storage duration, the average storage duration of the discharge traceability set is obtained. ; In the formula, It is the average storage time; It is the moment of discharge; It is a carbon strength label battery pack The corresponding charging time; It is a collection of discharge source traces; From carbon strength label battery pack The amount of electricity consumed in the process; This represents the total electricity consumption. An exponential decay model is constructed based on the average storage duration. By comparing the grid carbon intensity at discharge time with the average carbon content of the total electricity consumption, and multiplying this by the exponential decay model, the net emission reduction of the energy storage system is obtained. ; In the formula, It is the net emission reduction of the energy storage system; It is the moment of discharge. The carbon intensity of the power grid; It is the moment of discharge. The average total carbon content; This is a reference duration; It is a natural exponential function; It is the time penalty coefficient; The allocation coefficient of downstream load is obtained based on the power flow tracing model. The effective carbon average of the effective output power is allocated to the downstream load, and the total carbon emissions of the downstream load are calculated and traced.

2. The carbon emission accounting and source tracing method based on electricity data according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the unit's carbon intensity and processing it to obtain a smoothed carbon value includes: Real-time power generation and carbon intensity of all generator sets are collected; the power generation of all generator sets is weighted and averaged using the carbon intensity as the weight to calculate the grid carbon intensity; the time series of grid carbon intensity is processed using the exponential smoothing method to obtain the smoothed carbon value.

3. The carbon emission accounting and source tracing method based on electricity data according to claim 1, characterized in that, The total carbon emissions loss satisfy the expression: ； In the formula, At the discharge moment Total carbon emissions generated; It is a collection of discharge source traces; It is sorted in descending order from the carbon strength label battery pack. The share of electricity allocated to losses; It is a carbon strength label battery pack Corresponding charging time The smooth carbon value.

4. The carbon emission accounting and source tracing method based on electricity data according to claim 1, characterized in that, The effective carbon mean satisfies the expression: ； In the formula, It is the moment of discharge. The effective carbon mean; It is a carbon strength label battery pack The corresponding charging time; From carbon strength label battery pack The amount of electricity consumed in the process; It is the effective output power; It is the moment of discharge. Total carbon emissions from losses; It is a collection of discharge source traces; It is a carbon strength label battery pack Corresponding charging time The smooth carbon value.

5. The carbon emission accounting and source tracing method based on electricity data according to claim 1, characterized in that, The establishment of the carbon intensity tag queue, and the acquisition of the discharge source tracing set based on the first-in-first-out principle, includes: The energy storage capacity is abstracted as a carbon intensity tag queue for storing carbon intensity tag power packets. Each time charging occurs, a carbon intensity tag power packet containing power, charging time, and carbon intensity information at the charging time is created and appended to the end of the queue. The queue strictly follows the first-in-first-out (FIFO) principle. Based on the FIFO principle, one or more carbon intensity tag power packets are extracted sequentially from the front of the carbon intensity tag queue until the total extracted amount equals the calculated total power consumption, which together form a discharge traceability set.

6. The carbon emission accounting and source tracing method based on electricity data according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation and tracing of total carbon emissions from downstream loads includes: Using a power flow tracking model, the distribution coefficients of energy storage system nodes to downstream loads at discharge time are calculated; the product of the effective output power and the distribution coefficient is taken as the energy storage power consumed by the downstream loads; and the product of the energy storage power consumed by the downstream loads and the effective carbon mean is taken as the energy storage carbon emissions generated by the downstream loads.

7. A method for carbon emission accounting and tracing based on electricity data according to claim 6, characterized in that, The calculation and tracing of total carbon emissions from downstream loads includes: The total carbon emissions of downstream loads are the sum of the direct carbon emissions generated by the electrical energy they directly consume and the energy storage carbon emissions generated by the energy storage they consume.

8. A carbon emission accounting and traceability system based on electricity data, characterized in that, include: A processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores computer program instructions that, when executed by the processor, implement a carbon emission accounting and tracing method based on electricity data according to any one of claims 1-7.

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