A power grid dispatch management system

Abstract

This invention discloses a power grid dispatch and management system. It relates to the field of power grid dispatch technology and solves the technical problems of low regulation efficiency due to the failure to consider load duration when selecting power generation methods; and the lack of multi-dimensional dynamic risk assessment of voltage and line losses after load regulation, making it difficult to ensure the safe operation of the power grid. This invention addresses these problems by first calculating the available reserve capacity of the power grid when the load increases: if the reserve capacity is sufficient, direct dispatch is implemented; if insufficient, standard regulation is used; if still insufficient, conventional power sources are called in to avoid blind startup. When the load decreases, load reduction strategies are formulated for gas turbines, hydropower, and thermal power respectively, allowing excess energy to be consumed according to different scenarios, improving energy utilization and reducing energy waste. The dynamic risk assessment module preprocesses the real-time parameters of the regulated power grid and combines them with a power flow model to conduct voltage and loss assessments, enabling real-time identification of risks such as voltage exceeding limits and line overload, thus reducing the failure rate of the power grid's safe operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power grid dispatching technology, specifically to a power grid dispatching and management system. Background Technology

[0002] As the power system transforms towards higher penetration of new energy sources, diversified users, and intelligent operation, the complexity of power grid operation has increased significantly. On the one hand, the intermittent and fluctuating characteristics of new energy power generation such as wind power and photovoltaic power, coupled with diversified electricity demand from industrial production, residential life, and commercial operations, result in the power grid load exhibiting characteristics of short-term sudden changes and multi-period fluctuations.

[0003] The existing power grid dispatch and management system faces the following pressing technical problems in practical applications:

[0004] The load forecast granularity is coarse, and the forecast granularity that best matches the current time is not selected first. Furthermore, no clear load difference threshold is set. The adjustment signal is generated by simply comparing the forecast load with the real-time load. This can easily trigger erroneous adjustments due to small fluctuations, increasing the operating cost of the power grid.

[0005] After load regulation is completed, the grid voltage and line losses are not evaluated from multiple dimensions, making it impossible to detect potential grid safety hazards in a timely manner, which may lead to grid instability risks.

[0006] Traditional dispatching models can no longer meet the needs of power grid security and stability, efficient resource utilization, and precise supply and demand matching. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a power grid dispatch and management system that solves the problems of low regulation efficiency due to the failure to consider load duration when selecting power generation methods; and the lack of multi-dimensional dynamic risk assessment of voltage and line losses after load regulation, making it difficult to ensure the safe operation of the power grid.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a power grid dispatch and management system, comprising:

[0009] The load change analysis module is used to input meteorological data into the short-term load forecasting model to obtain the short-term forecast load, and at the same time obtain the current real-time load, compare the two, and generate a load increase signal if the real-time load of the whole network is less than the short-term forecast load, and vice versa.

[0010] Based on the current power generation methods and application scenarios, the load increase is divided into long-term load increase and short-term load increase according to the duration of the short-term predicted load, and a standard adjustment method is selected and transmitted to the load change adjustment processing module.

[0011] The load change adjustment processing module is used to calculate the difference between real-time power generation and short-term predicted load. Based on the value, it generates a load increase signal or a load decrease signal. For the load increase signal, it calculates the additional power generation required. Combining grid frequency, node voltage, and power flow of critical lines, it calculates the available reserve capacity and compares it with the additional power generation. If the reserve capacity is sufficient, it directly dispatches and generates load adjustment information. If the reserve capacity is insufficient, it is handled according to the standard adjustment method. If it is still not satisfactory, it calls on conventional power sources to increase the base load output and generates load adjustment information.

[0012] In response to the load decrease signal, the available resources are reduced based on the standard adjustment method. If there is still excess power, the excess power is absorbed and power absorption information is generated. The load adjustment information and power absorption information are transmitted to the dispatch management information output module.

[0013] As a further aspect of the present invention, it also includes a multi-source data acquisition module, used to collect historical load data and meteorological data of the power grid during the same period, establish a short-term load forecasting model, and transmit it to the load change analysis module.

[0014] The dispatch management information output module is used to display the load adjustment information and power consumption information to the corresponding management personnel.

[0015] As a further aspect of the present invention, the load change analysis module compares the short-term predicted load with the current real-time load in the following way:

[0016] Obtain the current real-time load at the minute level from the SCADA system's real-time library, select the short-term predicted load granularity that best matches the current time, and calculate the difference between the current real-time total load and the corresponding short-term predicted total load. If the real-time load of the entire network is less than the short-term predicted load and the difference is ≥5%, mark the load change magnitude and generate a load increase signal. If the real-time load of the entire network is greater than the short-term predicted load and the difference is ≥5%, mark the load change magnitude and generate a load decrease signal.

[0017] As a further aspect of the present invention, the standard adjustment method is selected as follows:

[0018] The system obtains the current power generation mode and application scenarios of the power grid. Based on the duration of the short-term predicted load, the load increase is divided into long-term load increase and short-term load increase. For long-term load increase, pumped storage power generation is selected as the standard regulation mode, and for short-term load increase, gas turbine or oil-fired power generation is selected as the standard regulation mode.

[0019] As a further aspect of the present invention, the load change regulation processing module calls a conventional power source to increase the base load output and generates load regulation information in the following manner:

[0020] For hydropower units, power generation output is increased by widening the guide vanes and increasing the unit speed; for thermal power units, output is increased by increasing the coal supply, raising the boiler combustion temperature, and adjusting the steam turbine intake.

[0021] As a further aspect of the present invention, the load change regulation processing module processes excess electrical energy in the following manner:

[0022] For short-term power surplus, excess power is stored in electrochemical energy storage stations or user-side energy storage batteries during the peak output of photovoltaic power at noon, and then discharged through the energy storage system to supplement power supply during the peak load in the evening. For long-term, stable power surplus, excess power is converted into hydrogen energy, heat energy or chemicals through power-to-non-electricity technology.

[0023] As a further aspect of the present invention, a dynamic risk assessment module is also included, which is used to obtain the voltage, current, load and output power of the regulated power grid system, preprocess the real-time operating parameters, perform multi-dimensional assessment based on the preprocessed real-time operating parameters and the power grid data model, and the multi-dimensional assessment includes at least the power grid voltage assessment and the power grid loss assessment, generate assessment information, and transmit it to the dispatch management information output module.

[0024] As a further aspect of the present invention, the method for assessing the grid voltage in the dynamic risk assessment module is as follows:

[0025] Obtain the actual voltage value of each node, and calculate the voltage deviation of each node according to the formula: voltage deviation = (actual voltage - rated voltage) / rated voltage × 100%; compare the voltage deviation with the preset deviation value, and count the proportion of unqualified nodes whose voltage deviation is greater than the preset deviation value; if the proportion of unqualified nodes is greater than the preset proportion, it is determined that there is a risk to the power grid voltage.

[0026] As a further aspect of the present invention, the method for assessing power grid losses in the dynamic risk assessment module is as follows:

[0027] Obtain the starting node i and ending node j of the line, and also obtain their corresponding voltage U. i and U j Phase angle Injected active power P i and P j and reactive power Q i and Q j Calculate the power S transmitted from the first node i to the last node j. ij =P ij +jQ ij The power transmitted from end node j to head node i is S. ji =P ji +jQ ji ;

[0028] Considering the effects of the line series impedance Z and the parallel admittance Y / 2 at the beginning, the output power S at the beginning is... ij =S i - S i Let S be the injected power at node i, and S i =P i +jQ i , The reactive power loss is due to the parallel susceptance at the first end, and B represents the line susceptance. The square of the voltage magnitude at node i;

[0029] Calculate the power loss through the series impedance of the line, specifically the power loss caused by current flowing through the series impedance Z. ,in Calculate the power received at the terminal by squared the apparent power transmitted at the head end. Calculate the loss of the parallel admittance at the end node, which represents the actual injected power S at the end node j. j The reactive power loss of the parallel admittance needs to be subtracted, S j = ,and ;

[0030] Total power loss of the line At the same time, it is compared with the preset loss. If the total power loss is greater than the preset loss, it indicates that there is a risk in the power grid condition, and vice versa.

[0031] As a further aspect of the present invention, the dynamic risk assessment module generates assessment information in the following manner:

[0032] If either the grid voltage assessment or the grid loss assessment presents a risk, it indicates that the overall grid status is abnormal, and abnormal status assessment information is generated. Conversely, if neither presents a risk, normal status assessment information is generated.

[0033] This invention provides a power grid dispatch and management system. Compared with the prior art, it has the following advantages:

[0034] This invention prioritizes the prediction granularity that best matches the current time through a load change analysis module and sets a threshold. It only generates an increase / decrease signal when the deviation between the real-time load and the predicted load of the entire network is ≥5%, avoiding erroneous adjustments caused by small fluctuations and reducing the ineffective operating costs of the power grid. The adjustment method is selected according to the duration of the load increase: for short-term load surges, gas turbines / oil turbines are called up, with fast response speed; for long-term load increases, pumped storage is called up, with low operating costs.

[0035] This invention addresses the issue of increased load by first calculating the available reserve capacity of the power grid. If the reserve capacity is sufficient, it is directly dispatched; if insufficient, it is handled according to standard adjustment methods. If the situation still does not meet the requirements, conventional power sources are called upon to avoid blindly starting up power and ensure supply and demand balance. For decreased load, load reduction strategies are formulated for gas turbines, hydropower, and thermal power respectively. Excess electricity is consumed according to different scenarios, improving energy utilization and reducing energy waste. The dynamic risk assessment module preprocesses the real-time parameters of the adjusted power grid and combines them with the power flow model to conduct voltage and loss assessments. It can identify risks such as voltage exceeding limits and line overload in real time, thereby reducing the failure rate of the power grid's safe operation. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a system block diagram of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] First Embodiment

[0039] Please see Figure 1 This application provides a power grid dispatch management system, including: a multi-source data acquisition module, a load change analysis module, a load change regulation and processing module, a dynamic risk assessment module, and a dispatch management information output module, according to the appendix. Figure 1 It can be seen that the information between the above functional modules is transmitted in one direction.

[0040] The multi-source data acquisition module is used to collect multi-source data from the power grid, including historical load data and meteorological data. It filters, normalizes, and handles missing values ​​in the obtained multi-source data to obtain preprocessed multi-source data. The normalization process specifically adopts Min-Max normalization to map the data to the [0,1] interval and establishes a corresponding short-term load forecasting model. The model here adopts LSTM + attention mechanism to predict the load within 15 minutes to 2 hours. Then, it is transmitted to the load change analysis module.

[0041] The load change analysis module is used to input meteorological data into the short-term load forecasting model to obtain the short-term forecast load, and at the same time obtain the current real-time load. It compares the magnitude of the short-term forecast load with the current real-time load. If the short-term forecast load is greater than the current real-time load, a load increase signal is generated, and vice versa. The generated load increase or decrease signal is transmitted to the load change regulation and processing module.

[0042] The system receives short-term load forecasts ranging from 15 minutes to 2 hours from the multi-source data acquisition module. It prioritizes selecting the forecast granularity that best matches the current time. For example, if the current time is 14:00, it prioritizes calling the 15-minute forecast load from 14:00 to 14:15. It obtains the minute-level real-time load from the real-time library of the SCADA system (data acquisition and monitoring control system), calculates the difference between the current real-time total load and the corresponding time period forecast total load, and marks the change magnitude and generates a load increase signal when the real-time load of the entire network is less than the forecast load and the difference is greater than 5%. When the real-time load of the entire network is greater than the forecast load and the difference is greater than 5%, it marks the change magnitude and generates a load decrease signal. At the same time, it transmits the generated load increase or decrease signal to the load change adjustment processing module.

[0043] Next, the power generation mode corresponding to the power grid is obtained, along with the current application scenario. Based on this, the power generation mode is selected to generate a standard regulation mode. The specific selection method is as follows:

[0044] The system obtains short-term load forecasts and their corresponding durations, classifying them into long-term or short-term load increases. For long-term load increases, it selects pumped-storage power generation for regulation, while for short-term load increases, it selects gas turbine / oil engine power generation. Specifically, the gas turbine / oil engine unit starts up in only 10-30 minutes, with a wide output adjustment range (20%-100%), suitable for handling load surges within one hour. Pumped-storage power stations pump water to store energy during off-peak hours and release water to generate electricity during peak hours. Each unit has a large capacity and can continuously supply power for several hours, suitable for supporting peak daily loads. The data is then transmitted to the load change regulation and processing module.

[0045] The load change regulation processing module is used to perform regulation management according to the acquired standard regulation method, obtain the real-time power generation and short-term predicted load of the current power grid, and calculate the difference between the two, where the difference = real-time power generation - short-term predicted load. Then, the load increase signal and the load decrease signal are analyzed separately.

[0046] In response to a load increase signal, the corresponding difference is acquired and recorded as the new power generation. Simultaneously, the grid frequency, node voltage, and critical line power flow are acquired. The current available reserve capacity of the grid is calculated and compared with the new power generation. If the available reserve capacity is greater than the new power generation, dispatch management is directly implemented, and load adjustment information is generated. Conversely, if the available reserve capacity is less than the new power generation, the standard adjustment method is acquired and used as the standard for adjustment processing. Continuous monitoring is conducted. If the standard adjustment method cannot meet the current demand, conventional power sources with stable adjustment capabilities are called upon to gradually increase the base load output, ensuring continuous growth in power generation. Load adjustment information is generated and transmitted to the dispatch management information output module. For example, power generation output can be increased by opening the guide vanes, increasing the unit speed, or by increasing the coal supply, raising the boiler combustion temperature, and adjusting the steam turbine inlet flow to increase output.

[0047] In response to a decrease in load signal, the corresponding standard adjustment method is obtained, and the available resources are reduced accordingly. Specifically, for gas turbines, the output is quickly reduced; for hydropower, if there is reservoir capacity for regulation, the unit's power generation output is reduced, and excess water is stored in the reservoir for later power generation when the load recovers or during the dry season; for thermal power, older units with high coal consumption are operated at reduced load, while continuous monitoring is performed. If there is still excess electricity after processing, it is absorbed, and electricity absorption information is generated and then transmitted to the dispatch management information output module. The specific absorption processing methods are as follows:

[0048] If there is a surplus of electricity, the minimum safe operating limit of the units must be met. Priority should be given to reducing the minimum technical output of thermal power, or reducing the amount of water wasted by hydropower and the number of start-ups and shutdowns of thermal power, so as to make room for grid connection of surplus electricity. During the peak output of photovoltaic power at noon, the surplus electricity can be stored by charging through electrochemical energy storage power stations or user-side energy storage batteries. During the peak load in the evening, the energy storage system discharges to supplement the power supply, realizing the goal of storing electricity at noon and using it at night.

[0049] For long-term and stable electricity surpluses, the excess electricity can be converted into storable and transportable products such as hydrogen energy, thermal energy, and chemicals through electricity-to-non-electricity technology, thus realizing the cross-sectoral consumption of electricity.

[0050] Dispatch management information output: This module is used to display the acquired load regulation information and power consumption information to the corresponding management personnel.

[0051] Second Embodiment

[0052] The dynamic risk assessment module is used to perform dynamic risk assessment on the regulated power grid system. It acquires real-time operating parameters of the regulated power grid system, including voltage, current, load, and output power, and preprocesses these parameters to remove data noise and outliers. Based on the preprocessed real-time operating parameters and the power grid data model, it performs multi-dimensional assessments, including power grid voltage assessment and power grid loss assessment. The specific processing methods are as follows:

[0053] For grid voltage assessment, the node voltage value corresponding to each node is obtained. At the same time, the node voltage deviation is calculated according to the formula voltage deviation = (actual voltage - rated voltage) / rated voltage × 100%, and compared with the preset deviation value. The specific value of the preset deviation value is set by the operator. The percentage of unqualified nodes whose node voltage deviation is greater than the preset deviation value is counted and compared with the preset percentage. If it is greater than the preset percentage, it indicates that there is a risk in the grid condition; otherwise, there is no risk.

[0054] For power grid loss assessment, preprocessed real-time operating parameters are obtained, and the starting node i and ending node j of the line are acquired simultaneously, along with their corresponding voltage U. i and U j Phase angle Injected active power P i and P j and reactive power Q i and Q j Calculate the power S transmitted from the first node i to the last node j. ij =P ij +jQ ij The power transmitted from end node j to head node i is S. ji =P ji +jQ ji ;

[0055] Considering the effects of the line series impedance Z and the parallel admittance Y / 2 at the beginning, the output power S at the beginning is... ij =S i - S i Let S be the injected power at node i, and S i =P i +jQ i , The reactive power loss is due to the parallel susceptance at the first end, and B represents the line susceptance. The square of the voltage magnitude at node i;

[0056] Calculate the power loss through the series impedance of the line, specifically the power loss caused by current flowing through the series impedance Z. ,in Calculate the power received at the terminal by squared the apparent power transmitted at the head end. Calculate the loss of the parallel admittance at the end node, which represents the actual injected power S at the end node j. j The reactive power loss of the parallel admittance needs to be subtracted, S j = ,and ;

[0057] Total power loss of the line At the same time, it is compared with the preset loss. If the total power loss is greater than the preset loss, it indicates that there is a risk in the power grid condition; otherwise, it indicates that there is no risk.

[0058] Based on the combined assessment of grid voltage and grid loss, if either assessment indicates a risk, the overall grid status is abnormal, and abnormal status assessment information is generated. Conversely, if neither assessment indicates a risk, normal status assessment information is generated, and the generated assessment information is transmitted to the dispatch management information output module.

[0059] The scheduling management information output module is used to display the generated evaluation information to the corresponding management personnel.

[0060] Third Embodiment

[0061] As a third embodiment of the present invention, the focus is on combining the implementation processes of the first and second embodiments.

[0062] Some of the data in the above formulas are numerical calculations with dimensions removed, and the contents not described in detail in this specification are all prior art known to those skilled in the art.

[0063] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical methods of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical methods of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical methods of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power grid dispatch and management system, characterized in that, include: The load change analysis module is used to input meteorological data into the short-term load forecasting model to obtain the short-term forecast load, and at the same time obtain the current real-time load, compare the two, and generate a load increase signal if the real-time load of the whole network is less than the short-term forecast load, and vice versa. Based on the current power generation methods and application scenarios, the load increase is divided into long-term load increase and short-term load increase according to the duration of the short-term predicted load, and a standard adjustment method is selected and transmitted to the load change adjustment processing module. The load change adjustment processing module is used to calculate the difference between real-time power generation and short-term predicted load, and generate a load increase signal or load decrease signal based on the value. For the load increase signal, it calculates the additional power generation required, and combines the grid frequency, node voltage and critical line power flow to count the available reserve capacity and compare it with the additional power generation. If the reserve capacity is sufficient, it directly dispatches and generates load adjustment information; if the reserve capacity is insufficient, it is handled according to the standard adjustment method. If the requirements are still not met, the conventional power supply will be invoked to increase the base load output and generate load adjustment information. In response to the load decrease signal, the available resources are reduced based on the standard adjustment method. If there is still excess power, the excess power is absorbed and power absorption information is generated. The load regulation information and power consumption information are transmitted to the dispatch management information output module.

2. The power grid dispatching and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a multi-source data acquisition module, which is used to collect historical load data and meteorological data of the power grid during the same period, establish a short-term load forecasting model, and transmit it to the load change analysis module; The dispatch management information output module is used to display the load adjustment information and power consumption information to the corresponding management personnel.

3. The power grid dispatching and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The load change analysis module compares the short-term forecast load with the current real-time load in the following way: Obtain the current real-time load at the minute level from the SCADA system's real-time library, select the short-term predicted load granularity that best matches the current time, and calculate the difference between the current real-time total load and the corresponding short-term predicted total load. If the real-time load of the entire network is less than the short-term predicted load and the difference is ≥5%, mark the load change magnitude and generate a load increase signal. If the real-time load of the entire network is greater than the short-term predicted load and the difference is ≥5%, mark the load change magnitude and generate a load decrease signal.

4. A power grid dispatching and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for selecting the standard adjustment mode is as follows: The system obtains the current power generation mode and application scenarios of the power grid. Based on the duration of the short-term predicted load, the load increase is divided into long-term load increase and short-term load increase. For long-term load increase, pumped storage power generation is selected as the standard regulation mode, and for short-term load increase, gas turbine or oil-fired power generation is selected as the standard regulation mode.

5. A power grid dispatching and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The load change regulation processing module calls upon the conventional power supply to increase the base load output and generates load regulation information in the following way: For hydropower units, power generation output is increased by widening the guide vanes and increasing the unit speed; for thermal power units, output is increased by increasing the coal supply, raising the boiler combustion temperature, and adjusting the steam turbine intake.

6. A power grid dispatching and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The load change regulation and processing module handles excess electrical energy in the following way: For short-term power surplus, excess power is stored in electrochemical energy storage stations or user-side energy storage batteries during the peak output of photovoltaic power at noon, and then discharged through the energy storage system to supplement power supply during the peak load in the evening. For long-term, stable power surplus, excess power is converted into hydrogen energy, heat energy or chemicals through power-to-non-electricity technology.

7. A power grid dispatching and management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a dynamic risk assessment module, which is used to obtain the voltage, current, load and output power of the regulated power grid system, preprocess the real-time operating parameters, and perform multi-dimensional assessment based on the preprocessed real-time operating parameters and the power grid data model. The multi-dimensional assessment includes at least the power grid voltage assessment and the power grid loss assessment, generates assessment information, and transmits it to the dispatch management information output module.

8. A power grid dispatching and management system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The dynamic risk assessment module assesses grid voltage using the following method: Obtain the actual voltage value of each node, and calculate the voltage deviation of each node according to the formula: voltage deviation = (actual voltage - rated voltage) / rated voltage × 100%; compare the voltage deviation with the preset deviation value, and count the proportion of unqualified nodes whose voltage deviation is greater than the preset deviation value; if the proportion of unqualified nodes is greater than the preset proportion, it is determined that there is a risk to the power grid voltage.

9. A power grid dispatching and management system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The dynamic risk assessment module assesses grid losses using the following method: Obtain the starting node i and ending node j of the line, and also obtain their corresponding voltage U. i and U j Phase angle Injected active power P i and P j and reactive power Q i and Q j Calculate the power S transmitted from the first node i to the last node j. ij =P ij +jQ ij The power transmitted from end node j to head node i is S. ji =P ji +jQ ji ; Considering the effects of the line series impedance Z and the parallel admittance Y / 2 at the beginning, the output power at the beginning... S i Let S be the injected power at node i, and S i =P i +jQ i , The reactive power loss is due to the susceptance connected in parallel at the first end, and B represents the line susceptance. The square of the voltage magnitude at node i; Calculate the power loss through the series impedance of the line, specifically the power loss caused by current flowing through the series impedance Z. ,in Calculate the power received at the terminal by squared the apparent power transmitted at the head end. Calculate the loss of the parallel admittance at the end node, which represents the actual injected power S at the end node j. j The reactive power loss of the parallel admittance needs to be subtracted, S j = ,and ; Total power loss of the line At the same time, it is compared with the preset loss. If the total power loss is greater than the preset loss, it indicates that there is a risk in the power grid condition, and vice versa.

10. A power grid dispatching and management system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The dynamic risk assessment module generates assessment information in the following way: If either the grid voltage assessment or the grid loss assessment presents a risk, it indicates that the overall grid status is abnormal, and abnormal status assessment information is generated. Conversely, if neither presents a risk, normal status assessment information is generated.

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