Precise management method for flowering phase of camellia oleifera low-yield forest in Hainan province

Abstract

The invention discloses an accurate management method for a flowering phase of a Hainan camellia oleifera low-yield forest, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. A systematic management scheme is provided for the problems existing in management of the camellia oleifera low-yield forest in Hainan area. The method comprises the steps of forest land weed cleaning, targeted removal of deep-rooted weeds and miscellaneous irrigation, and remaining culture of dwarf shallow-rooted weeds and forest edge associated arbors; the density of the camellia oleifera forest land is regulated and controlled, 40-45 plants are reserved per mu after thinning, and the canopy density is 0.6-0.7; step-by-step pruning is carried out, and a tree shape with the trunk height being 1.5 m, 3-5 main branches and the base angle being about 45 degrees is constructed; ditching and fertilizing at the periphery of a tree crown, wherein 5-10kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer are applied to each plant; drip irrigation or annular furrow irrigation is adopted, and water is irrigated to a root system layer with the depth of 40 cm; a nutrient solution is prepared and sprayed on sunny days in the flowering period. Through combination of systematic stand structure optimization and precise nutrition regulation and control in the flowering phase, the camellia oleifera pollen viability, stigma receptivity and fruit setting rate are remarkably improved, and quality improvement and efficiency improvement of low-yield forests are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting technology, and specifically relates to a method for precise management of the flowering period of low-yield camellia oleifera forests in Hainan. Background Technology

[0002] Under the high temperature and humidity conditions in Hainan, low-yield camellia oleifera forests generally suffer from a combination of problems, such as unreasonable stand structure, poor ventilation and light penetration, and low nutrient and water use efficiency. A systematic and precise comprehensive management plan is urgently needed.

[0003] Camellia oleifera, an important woody oilseed crop in my country, plays a crucial role in ensuring edible oil security by increasing its yield. While camellia oleifera is widely planted in Hainan, inadequate management techniques result in a high proportion of low-yield forests, severely hindering the industry's profitability. Traditional management techniques for camellia oleifera primarily focus on routine tending measures such as forest clearing, density control, pruning, fertilization, and irrigation. However, these measures often lack systematicity and specificity, failing to effectively address the challenges faced by camellia oleifera growth under Hainan's unique climatic conditions.

[0004] The hot and humid climate of Hainan makes the management of Camellia oleifera during its flowering period particularly challenging. The flowering period typically lasts from late November to January of the following year. During this time, Hainan experiences large diurnal temperature variations and high humidity, which easily leads to insufficient pollen viability and reduced stigma fertilization capacity. Current technologies primarily rely on conventional foliar fertilizers for nutrient supply during the flowering period. These fertilizers are often single-component and not optimized for the specific physiological needs of Camellia oleifera during this time, failing to effectively address key issues such as inhibited pollen tube germination and poor ovule development. Furthermore, the lack of timely coordination between conventional management measures and nutrient regulation during the flowering period results in low resource utilization efficiency and hinders the formation of synergistic effects.

[0005] Currently, camellia oleifera cultivation and management generally suffers from a combination of problems, including irrational stand structure, poor ventilation and light penetration, and low nutrient and water use efficiency. While some studies have focused on nutrient supply during the flowering period, these are mostly limited to the application of single nutrients or plant growth regulators, lacking in-depth research on the synergistic mechanisms of multiple nutrients and plant growth regulators. Furthermore, existing technologies have failed to establish a systematic management plan for optimizing stand structure and ensuring precise nutrient supply during the flowering period, resulting in limited effectiveness in transforming low-yield forests.

[0006] Therefore, given the complex problems commonly found in low-yield camellia oleifera forests in Hainan Province, such as unreasonable stand structure, poor ventilation and light penetration, and low nutrient and water utilization efficiency under the high temperature and humidity conditions, a systematic and precise comprehensive management plan is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to improve the precise management method for flowering period of low-yield camellia oleifera forests in Hainan. By combining systematic forest stand structure optimization with precise nutrient regulation during flowering, the invention significantly improves pollen viability, stigma receptivity, and fruit set rate of camellia oleifera, thereby improving the quality and efficiency of low-yield forests.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: This invention provides a method for precise management of the flowering period of low-yield camellia oleifera forests in Hainan, comprising the following steps: S1. Carry out weed clearing in the woodland, target and remove deep-rooted weeds and shrubs, and scientifically retain dwarf shallow-rooted weeds and associated trees along the forest edge; S2. Carry out density control of camellia oleifera forest land, with the core of "retaining superior and removing inferior, thinning dense and supplementing sparse", after thinning out overly dense plants, keep 40-45 trees per mu, and control the canopy closure of the forest stand at 0.6-0.7. S3. Perform tiered pruning: First, thin out excess branches and dominant upright branches at the base to create a tree shape with a trunk height of 1.5m, 3-5 main branches, and a base angle of about 45°; then, target and treat overlapping, dense, top-protruding, and off-center crown branches. S4. Fertilization: Dig a circular trench or a long strip trench 0.8-1.2m long on both sides above the outer slope of the tree canopy. The trench should be 25cm wide and 15-20cm deep. Apply 5-10kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 0.5kg of compound fertilizer to each tree. After fertilization, cover the trench with soil and level it. S5. Irrigation: Use drip irrigation or ring furrow irrigation in the early morning or evening to allow the water to penetrate to a depth of 40 cm in the root system, and combine with mulching to retain moisture; S6. Preparation of nutrient solution: Add the following to 100L of clean water in sequence: 100g of 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 100g of 0.1% boric acid, 20mL of 5000x dilution of carbamosiderin, 50mL of 2000x dilution of high brassinolide, 10g of 0.01% free amino acids, 6g of 0.006% water-soluble calcium chloride, and 6g of 0.006% EDTA water-soluble manganese. Stir continuously until completely dissolved. S7. Spray nutrient solution: From mid-November to early January of the following year, choose a sunny day between 9-11 am or 3-5 pm to spray the nutrient solution obtained in step S6. Spray evenly to cover the entire plant, and spray once every 10-15 days.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S5, irrigation is carried out during the spring budding and shoot growth period, the summer fruit enlargement period, and the autumn drought period.

[0010] Furthermore, in step S7, when 50%-70% of the plant's flowers are open, the spraying frequency is adjusted to once every 7 days.

[0011] Furthermore, in step S7, the amount of nutrient solution used is 50-60 catties per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares).

[0012] Furthermore, in step S7, the application of nutrient solution should be avoided during periods of high temperature, strong sunlight, and when the dew is still wet.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S7, the nutrient solution is sprayed onto the flower spikes, the back of the leaves, and the young fruits.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S7, when spraying the nutrient solution, ensure the atomization effect of the sprayer so that the droplets are fine, uniform, and do not drip.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention optimizes the stand structure in the early stage to create favorable conditions for nutrient regulation during the flowering period. Nutrient solution is applied frequently during the flowering period at specific phenological stages to achieve precise regulation. The close connection of each link forms a complete technical chain of "structure optimization - basic nutrients - precise regulation". This combines systematic stand structure optimization with precise nutrient regulation during the flowering period to improve the in-situ germination ability of pollen tubes, promote normal ovule development, and ultimately improve the fruit set rate. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the in-situ germination of pollen tubes in the style of the pistil of a Camellia oleifera plant.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the formation of camellia oleifera embryos.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the fruit setting situation of camellia oleifera. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this invention, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. Example

[0020] 1. Clearing weeds in woodlands: Targeted removal of deep-rooted weeds and shrubs, while scientifically retaining and maintaining dwarfing shallow-rooted weeds and associated trees along the forest edge, taking into account both resource consumption control and ecological maintenance.

[0021] 2. Dynamic control of camellia oleifera forest density, with the core principle of "retaining superior plants and removing inferior ones, thinning dense areas and supplementing sparse areas", ensure that 40-45 plants are retained per mu after thinning out overly dense plants, and maintain the canopy density at 0.6-0.7 to optimize the ventilation and light penetration conditions of the forest stand.

[0022] 3. Pruning is done in stages. First, remove excess branches and dominant upright branches at the base to create a reasonable tree shape with a trunk height of 1.5m, 3-5 main branches, and a base angle of 45°. Then, target overlapping, dense, top-growing, and off-center branches in the canopy to ensure adequate ventilation and light penetration in the interior.

[0023] 4. Fertilize: Dig a circular trench or a long strip trench 0.8-1.2m long on both sides above the outer slope of the tree canopy, 25cm wide and 15-20cm deep. Apply 5-10kg of decomposed organic fertilizer + 0.5kg of compound fertilizer to each tree. After fertilizing, cover the trench with soil and level it.

[0024] 5. Irrigation: Use drip irrigation or ring furrow irrigation, carried out in the early morning or evening, during spring budding and shoot growth, summer fruit enlargement, and autumn drought periods. Irrigation water should penetrate to a depth of 40 cm into the root system, and should be combined with mulching to retain moisture, in order to achieve water-saving and yield-increasing effects.

[0025] 6. Prepare 100L of water, and add the following ingredients in sequence: 100g of 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 100g of 0.1% boric acid, 20mL of 5000x diluted carbamosiderin solution, 50mL of 2000x diluted homobrassinolide solution, 10g of 0.01% free amino acids, 6g of 0.006% water-soluble calcium chloride, and 6g of 0.006% EDTA water-soluble manganese. Stir continuously until all ingredients are completely dissolved to prepare the "Camellia oleifera bud health-preserving fruit nutrient solution".

[0026] 7. Spray 50-60 catties of "Camellia oleifera bud health-preserving fruit nutrient solution" per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares). Calibrate the sprayer to ensure atomization (fine, even droplets without dripping), and spray evenly to cover the entire plant. The best time to spray "Camellia oleifera bud health-preserving fruit nutrient solution" is from mid-November to early January of the following year, choosing sunny mornings between 9-11 am or afternoons between 3-5 pm, avoiding periods of high temperature, strong sunlight, and when dew has not yet dried. Spray once every 10-15 days. When spraying, aim at the flower spikes, the back of the leaves, and young fruits, ensuring the surface is moist but not dripping.

[0027] When 50%-70% of the plant's flowers are open, the stigma receptivity and pollen viability are at their peak. At this time, focus on spraying "Camellia oleifera stamen health-preserving fruit nutrient solution" and adjust the spraying frequency to once every 7 days.

[0028] 8. Significant results were achieved in the management of low-yield Camellia oleifera forests in Hainan Province by combining the application of "Ruijian Fruit Protection Nutrient Solution". Experimental observations showed that the in-situ germination of pollen tubes within the style of the Camellia oleifera pistil was good, and the number of in-situ germination sites for pollen tubes from the stamens within the style of the pistil was abundant. Figure 1 Based on this, the nutrient solution can effectively promote the normal formation of camellia oleifera embryos. Figure 2 ), ultimately significantly improving the fruit setting rate of the plants ( Figure 3 ).

Claims

1. A method for precise management of the flowering period in low-yield camellia oleifera forests in Hainan, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Carry out weed clearing in the woodland, target and remove deep-rooted weeds and shrubs, and scientifically retain dwarf shallow-rooted weeds and associated trees along the forest edge; S2. Carry out density control of camellia oleifera forest land, with the core of "retaining superior and removing inferior, thinning dense and supplementing sparse", after thinning out overly dense plants, keep 40-45 trees per mu, and control the canopy closure of the forest stand at 0.6-0.

7. S3. Perform tiered pruning: First, thin out excess branches and dominant upright branches at the base to form a tree shape with a trunk height of 1.5m, 3-5 main branches, and a base angle of 45°; then, target and treat overlapping, dense, top-protruding, and off-center crown branches. S4. Fertilization: Dig a circular trench or a long strip trench 0.8-1.2m long on both sides above the outer slope of the tree canopy. The trench should be 25cm wide and 15-20cm deep. Apply 5-10kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 0.5kg of compound fertilizer to each tree. After fertilization, cover the trench with soil and level it. S5. Irrigation: Use drip irrigation or ring furrow irrigation in the early morning or evening to allow the water to penetrate to a depth of 40 cm in the root system, and combine with mulching to retain moisture; S6. Preparation of nutrient solution: Add the following to 100L of clean water in sequence: 100g of 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 100g of 0.1% boric acid, 20mL of 5000x dilution of carbamosiderin, 50mL of 2000x dilution of high brassinolide, 10g of 0.01% free amino acids, 6g of 0.006% water-soluble calcium chloride, and 6g of 0.006% EDTA water-soluble manganese. Stir continuously until completely dissolved. S7. Spray nutrient solution: From mid-November to early January of the following year, choose a sunny day between 9-11 am or 3-5 pm to spray the nutrient solution obtained in step S6. Spray evenly to cover the entire plant, and spray once every 10-15 days.

2. The method for precise management of flowering period in low-yield camellia oleifera forests in Hainan according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, irrigation is carried out during the spring budding and shoot growth period, the summer fruit enlargement period, and the autumn drought period.

3. The method for precise management of flowering period in low-yield camellia oleifera forests in Hainan according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S7, when 50%-70% of the plant's flowers are open, the spraying frequency is adjusted to once every 7 days.

4. The method for precise management of flowering period in low-yield camellia oleifera forests in Hainan according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S7, the amount of nutrient solution used is 50-60 catties per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares).

5. The method for precise management of flowering period in low-yield camellia oleifera forests in Hainan according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S7, the nutrient solution should be sprayed away from periods of high temperature, strong sunlight, and when the dew is still wet.

6. The method for precise management of flowering period in low-yield camellia oleifera forests in Hainan according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S7, the nutrient solution is sprayed onto the flower spikes, the back of the leaves, and the young fruits.

7. The method for precise management of flowering period in low-yield camellia oleifera forests in Hainan according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S7, when spraying the nutrient solution, ensure the atomization effect of the sprayer so that the droplets are fine, uniform, and do not drip.

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