Ecological pig raising feed and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological pig raising feed and a preparation method thereof. The ecological pig raising feed is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage: 35% of a fermented material, 49% of corn flour, 15% of chicory and 1% of a pig compound premix feed, according to the invention, two common wastes (traditional Chinese medicine residues and bean dregs) are converted into a high-value bio-organic fertilizer or a functional feed raw material through a microbial fermentation technology, so that wastes are turned into wealth, an ecological planting and breeding cycle scheme is adopted to plant chicory, and the goal of reducing cost and increasing value is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of feed processing, in particular to an ecological pig feed and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] China is a big country in pig production and consumption, and the scale of the pig industry is expanding, therefore, a large amount of application feed is needed to feed the pig population.

[0003] Pig feed is a feedable substance prepared according to the nutritional needs of animals, including protein feed, energy feed, roughage, green feed, silage, mineral feed and feed additives.

[0004] Full price feed can be directly used, concentrated feed needs to be added with energy feed to be deployed, and pig compound premix feed is made by mixing trace components with carriers, and the full price feed is nutritionally balanced, but the feeding cost is large, which has a large economic burden on the breeders, therefore, a kind of ecological pig feed is first put forward, which realizes the transformation of waste into treasure by converting two common wastes, traditional Chinese medicine residues and bean dregs into high-value bio-organic fertilizer or functional feed raw materials through microbial fermentation technology, and realizes the ecological pig feed of reducing cost and increasing efficiency by combining with the ecological planting and breeding cycle scheme of planting chicory. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the problems in the related art, the present application provides an ecological pig feed and a preparation method thereof to overcome the above technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] The technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0007] According to one aspect of the present application, an ecological pig feed is provided.

[0008] The ecological pig feed is made of the following percentage of raw materials:

[0009] fermented material 35%, corn meal 49%, chicory 15%, pig compound premix feed 1%.

[0010] Further, the fermented material includes the following raw materials by weight: 5 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 4 parts of bean dregs and 1 part of conditioning agent.

[0011] Further, the water content of the fermented material is 40%-50%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25-30:1.

[0012] Further, the conditioning agent is one of rice husk, straw powder, bran and sawdust, and the chicory is 2-3cm chicory cut pieces.

[0013] According to another aspect of the present application, a preparation method of the ecological pig feed is provided.

[0014] The preparation of the ecological pig feed comprises the following steps:

[0015] According to the above percentages, the pig compound premix feed, corn flour and fermented material and chervil cuttings are weighed in turn, and the chervil cuttings are located above the pig compound premix feed, corn flour and fermented material.

[0016] After weighing, the above raw materials are injected into the blender and started, and the blender mixes the above materials to form the feed, which can be fed.

[0017] Further, the preparation of the fermented material comprises the following steps:

[0018] The traditional Chinese medicine residue is mechanically crushed to obtain crushed residue with a particle size of less than 1 cm;

[0019] The moisture content of the bean dregs is detected, and if the moisture content of the bean dregs is higher than 50%, water is added to reduce the moisture content to 45% by adding a conditioner. When the moisture content of the bean dregs is lower than 40%, water is added until the moisture content of the bean dregs reaches the standard.

[0020] The traditional Chinese medicine residue, bean dregs and conditioner are mixed according to the above proportions to form a primary mixture;

[0021] After dilution, the fermentation agent is uniformly sprayed onto the primary mixture, and corn flour is then added to form a secondary mixture;

[0022] The secondary mixture is layered and loaded into the container, and is packed to a height above the container opening to form an arch-shaped structure. A thick plastic film is covered on the arch-shaped structure, and sand, tires or water bags are pressed on to seal and compact.

[0023] The container is placed in a cool place, and after 2-3 weeks of fermentation, the fermented material is formed.

[0024] Further, the traditional Chinese medicine residue is residue containing no toxic heavy metals or highly toxic medicinal materials; and the bean dregs are fresh and non-rancid.

[0025] Further, the fermentation agent is one of organic fertilizer fermentation agent, feed fermentation agent or EM agent, the ratio of the fermentation agent to the fermented material is 1-0.3:100, and the dilution ratio of the fermentation agent is 1:300.

[0026] Further, the ratio of the corn flour to the fermented material is 2-5:100.

[0027] Further, the container is one of a sealed silo, a silage bag, a fermentation barrel or a fermentation bag with a breather valve, and when the secondary mixture is layered and compacted in the container, the thickness of each layer is 20-30 cm.

[0028] Wherein, the raw material components used in the present application are described as follows:

[0029] The fermentation material is composed of Chinese medicine residue and bean dregs, which can provide probiotics and functional ingredients, and reduce the feed cost;

[0030] The Chinese medicine residue mainly provides carbon source (especially cellulose, etc.) and contains certain trace elements and residual functional ingredients, and has high carbon-nitrogen ratio;

[0031] The bean dregs provide rich protein and nitrogen source, but have low carbon-nitrogen ratio;

[0032] After the Chinese medicine residue and the bean dregs are mixed, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation substrate can be optimized to about 25-30:1, which is the best range for microbial activity, can promote the rapid reproduction of the microbial flora, shorten the fermentation time, and improve the fermentation quality;

[0033] The compound microbial agent mainly includes yeast, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, actinomycetes, etc., which can decompose and transform the organic matters such as cellulose, hemicellulose, protein and starch in the Chinese medicine residue and the bean dregs under suitable conditions;

[0034] The conditioner is used to adjust the moisture and carbon-nitrogen ratio, such as rice husk, straw powder, bran, wood chips, etc., when the humidity of the bean dregs is too high, the conditioner can be used for water adsorption to reduce the humidity, so as to avoid affecting the fermentation process of the fermentation material;

[0035] The corn powder mainly provides energy, the Chinese medicine residue in the mixed material has more fiber, and the material has insufficient sugar content, so the corn powder is added to balance the high protein and fiber of the fermentation material, and also provides the "fuel" for the rapid start of the lactic acid bacteria;

[0036] The fresh chicory is cut into small pieces of 2-3 cm, and the chicory can supplement vitamins, water, prebiotics, improve palatability, and prevent constipation;

[0037] The pig compound premix feed provides the core nutrients such as minerals and vitamins necessary for the healthy growth of pigs.

[0038] The present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0039] The present application converts two common wastes (Chinese medicine residue and bean dregs) into high-value biological organic fertilizer or functional feed raw material through microbial fermentation technology, realizes the transformation of waste into treasure, adopts the ecological planting and breeding cycle scheme to plant chicory, and realizes the value-added target. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0040] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only represent some of the embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without any creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 A preparation method flow chart of an ecological pig feed according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 2 A preparation method flow chart of a fermentation material of an ecological pig feed according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 3 A component table of a pig compound premix feed in the prior art. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments only represent some of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0045] According to an embodiment of the present application, an ecological pig feed is provided.

[0046] Embodiment one

[0047] An ecological pig feed is prepared from the following percentage of raw materials:

[0048] 35% of fermentation material, 49% of corn powder, 15% of chicory, and 1% of pig compound premix feed.

[0049] In one embodiment, the fermentation material comprises the following raw materials by weight: 5 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residue, 4 parts of bean dregs, and 1 part of conditioning agent.

[0050] In one embodiment, the water content of the fermentation material is 40%-50%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25-30:1.

[0051] In one embodiment, the conditioning agent is one of rice husk, straw powder, bran, and sawdust.

[0052] In one embodiment, the chicory is 2-3 cm chicory cut into pieces.

[0053] In order to facilitate the understanding of the above technical solutions of the present application, the flow of the above solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, as follows: In order to facilitate the understanding of the above technical solutions of the present application, the flow of the above solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, as follows:

[0054] According to the embodiment of the present application, a preparation method of the ecological pig feed is also provided.

[0055] As shown in the actual production process, the preparation of the ecological pig feed comprises the following steps: Figure 1

[0056] Step S101, according to the above percentages, the pig compound premix, corn flour and fermented material and chive cuttings are weighed in turn, and the chive cuttings are located above the pig compound premix, corn flour and fermented material;

[0057] Step S103, after weighing, the above raw materials are injected into the mixer and started, and the mixer mixes the above materials to form the feed, which can be fed.

[0058] In one embodiment, as shown in the actual production process, the preparation of the fermented material comprises the following steps: Figure 2

[0059] Step S201, the traditional Chinese medicine residue is mechanically broken by a cell wall breaking machine to obtain broken residue with a particle size of less than 1 cm;

[0060] Step S203, the humidity of the bean dregs is detected, if the humidity of the bean dregs is higher than 50%, water adsorption is carried out by adding a conditioner to reduce the humidity to 45%, when the moisture of the bean dregs is lower than 40%, water is added until the humidity of the bean dregs reaches the standard;

[0061] Step S205, the traditional Chinese medicine residue, bean dregs and conditioner are mixed according to the above proportions to form a primary mixture;

[0062] Step S207, after dilution, the fermentation agent is uniformly sprayed onto the primary mixture, and then corn flour is added to form a secondary mixture;

[0063] Step S209, the secondary mixture is layered and loaded in the container, and is filled to be higher than the container mouth to form an arch-shaped structure, and a thick plastic film is covered on the arch-shaped structure, and is sealed and compacted by pressing sand, tires or water bags;

[0064] Step S211, the container is placed in a cool place, and after 2-3 weeks of fermentation, the fermented material is formed.

[0065] In the fermentation process of the above fermented material, the adjustment of moisture is the key to the success of fermentation, and the ideal moisture range of anaerobic fermentation is 40%-50%, and the bean dregs usually contain more than 80% water, which is too wet, so a conditioner needs to be added to adjust the moisture, and the best combination of the conditioner is: traditional Chinese medicine residue with strong water absorption, a small amount of bran and straw powder to absorb excess water.

[0066] ​​The Chinese medicine residue, bean residue and conditioning agent are mixed according to the ratio of 5:4:1 to form the dry matter base. However, the Chinese medicine residue and the bean residue both contain water. In order to ensure the formation of the mixture, the actual water content can be adjusted. The final mixture should meet the requirements of hand feeling, tight grip into a group, and water droplets in the finger gap but not continuous dripping. If the water content is too high, the conditioning agent needs to be added, and if the water content is too low, water needs to be added.

[0067] In one embodiment, the humidity detection device of the bean residue is a humidity detector.

[0068] In one embodiment, the pig compound premix feed is the prior art, specifically, the component table of the pig compound premix feed in the prior art as shown in the following table. Figure 3

[0069] In one embodiment, the Chinese medicine residue is the residue of a medicine other than a toxic heavy metal or a highly toxic medicinal material; and the bean residue is fresh and not rancid.

[0070] In one embodiment, the fermentation agent is one of an organic fertilizer fermentation agent, a feed fermentation agent or an EM agent, the ratio of the fermentation agent to the fermentation material is 1-0.3:100, and the dilution multiple of the fermentation agent is 1:300.

[0071] In one embodiment, the ratio of the corn flour to the fermentation material is 2-5:100.

[0072] In one embodiment, the container is one of a sealed silo, a silage bag, a fermentation barrel or a fermentation bag with a breather valve. When the intermediate mixture is layered and loaded into the container, the loading thickness of each layer is 20-30 cm, and the top of the loading forms an arch shape to facilitate drainage. After loading, the material needs to be compacted, especially the edge part. The purpose of compaction is to maximize the discharge of air and create an anaerobic environment. The normal fermentation time of the container is 2-3 weeks. The longer the fermentation time, the more stable the quality and the better the flavor. The fermented material can be stored for 1-2 years after fermentation. The fermented material has a rich sour or fruity aroma without any rancid or moldy smell. The color is close to the original color of the raw material, and the color is bright. The texture structure is clear, and the hand feeling is refreshing.

[0073] When the fermented material is taken, it should be taken continuously after being opened. Specifically, the opening should be from one end, and the container should be resealed immediately after being taken to prevent the remaining part from being contaminated by air and spoiled.

[0074] Taking pig breeding as an example:

[0075] ​The first time to feed the fermented feed, must from 5%, with 5-7 days gradually increased to the target ratio, let the intestinal flora of pigs have time to adapt, and, at the initial feeding, livestock and poultry may not be accustomed to, gradually add from little to more, transition period about a week, the recommended amount of fermented feed: about 35% of the daily diet, according to the type of livestock and poultry and growth stage adjustment.

[0076] When feeding, the feeding amount of feed can be controlled by observing the state of the pig group:

[0077] If the feces of the pig group becomes soft, delicate, smooth, and the odor is reduced, it is normal feeding; if diarrhea occurs, the feeding amount of fermented feed and chicory should be temporarily suspended or reduced.

[0078] Successful fermentation feed has a sour and delicious smell, which can increase the appetite of pigs, if the pig group's appetite decreases, the fermented feed should be checked for deterioration (rotting, moldy);

[0079] The feeding adopts the method of mixing and feeding at the same time, and it is better to feed after mixing each time, especially in summer, to prevent the mixed feed from deteriorating, and at the same time, to ensure clean drinking water, fermented feed is slightly acidic, and pigs need sufficient drinking water after eating;

[0080] The feed provided by the present application can reduce the cost of feed, use 35% of the cheap fermented feed and 15% of fresh chicory, use pig manure fermentation to plant in place, replace part of the full price feed, the cost of feed can be significantly reduced, at the same time, the intestinal health of the pig group is improved, the feces is more normal, the ammonia smell in the shed is reduced, the respiratory disease pressure is reduced, the immunity of the pig is improved, the use amount of veterinary drugs and antibiotics is reduced to improve the meat quality, and the diversified feed structure helps to improve the flavor and quality of pork, and produce healthy, delicious, more market competitive green pork.

[0081] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and does not limit the present application, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An ecological pig feed, characterized in that, The ecological pig feed is made of the following raw materials in percentage: fermented material 35%, corn powder 49%, chicory 15%, and pig compound premix feed 1%.

2. The ecological pig feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fermented material comprises the following raw materials in weight percentage: Chinese medicine residue 5 parts, bean dregs 4 parts, and conditioning agent 1 part.

3. The ecological pig feed according to claim 2, characterized in that, The water content of the fermented material is 40%-50%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25-30:

1.

4. The ecological pig feed according to claim 2, characterized in that, The conditioning agent is one of rice husk, straw powder, bran, and sawdust, and the chicory is 2-3 cm chicory cuttings.

5. A method for preparing an ecological pig feed, characterized by, The preparation of the ecological pig feed of claim 4 comprises the following steps: According to the above percentage, pig compound premix feed, corn powder, fermented material, and chicory cuttings are weighed in sequence, and the chicory cuttings are located above the pig compound premix feed, corn powder, and fermented material. After weighing, the above raw materials are injected into a blender and started, and the blender mixes the above materials to form feed, which can be fed.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the ecological pig feed is prepared by mixing the feed ingredients in the following proportions: The preparation of the fermented material comprises the following steps: ​ The Chinese medicine residue is mechanically crushed to obtain crushed medicine residue with a particle size of less than 1 cm. The humidity of the bean dregs is detected, and if the humidity of the bean dregs is higher than 50%, the conditioning agent is added for water adsorption to reduce the humidity to 45%. When the water content of the bean dregs is lower than 40%, water is added until the humidity of the bean dregs reaches the standard. The Chinese medicine residue, bean dregs, and conditioning agent are mixed according to the above ratio to form a primary mixture. After dilution, the fermentation agent is uniformly sprayed onto the primary mixture, and corn powder is added to form an intermediate mixture. The intermediate mixture is layered and loaded into a container, filled to above the container opening to form an arch-shaped structure, and a thick plastic film is covered on the arch-shaped structure and sealed and compacted by pressing sand, tires, or water bags. The container is placed in a cool place, and after 2-3 weeks of fermentation, the fermented material is formed.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the ecological pig feed is prepared by mixing the feed ingredients in the following proportions: The Chinese medicine residue is a medicine residue containing toxic heavy metals or non-poisonous medicinal materials; and the bean dregs are fresh and non-rancid. ​ 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the ecological pig feed is prepared by mixing the feed ingredients in the following proportions: The fermentation agent is one of organic fertilizer fermentation agent, feed fermentation agent, or EM agent, the ratio of the fermentation agent to the fermented material is 1-0.3:100, and the dilution ratio of the fermentation agent is 1:

300. ​ 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the ecological pig feed is prepared by mixing the feed ingredients in the following proportions: The ratio of the corn powder to the fermented material is 2-5:

100. ​ 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the ecological pig feed is prepared by mixing the feed ingredients in the following proportions: The container is one of a sealed silo, a silage bag, a fermentation barrel, or a fermentation bag with a breather valve, and when the intermediate mixture is layered and compacted and filled in the container, the thickness of each layer is 20-30 cm. ​

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