Large-gradient wet-type grassland sole anti-slip human body wearing testing machine

Abstract

The invention discloses a large-gradient wet-type grassland sole anti-slip human body wearing test machine, which comprises a base, an inclined part arranged on the base and a support mounted on the inclined part, and a replaceable simulation test panel laid on the support; a hand rail is arranged on the edge of the upper portion of the base, a safety assembly is installed on the hand rail, and one end of the safety assembly is telescopic and fixed around a user. A centrifugal locking mechanism is arranged in the differential safety belt, the displacement speed of a human body is monitored in real time, millisecond-level locking is triggered when the slippage rate exceeds 0.8 m / s, impact loads are dispersed in combination with a waistband, the unbalance risk of a tester on a large-gradient wet and slippery surface is eliminated, the human body keeps a natural gait under the gradient of 35 degrees, the stride frequency fluctuation rate is reduced to be within 5%, and the testing accuracy is improved. Therefore, real dynamic non-slip data are obtained, the problem that the friction coefficient measurement deviation of traditional equipment is expanded to 25% due to safety compromise is avoided, and the engineering reliability of anti-slip authentication of sports shoes is remarkably improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application is a large slope wet grassland sole slip human wearing test machine, belonging to the technical field of test machines. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of shoe research and quality control, it is crucial to accurately evaluate the dynamic slip resistance performance of the sole in a large slope wet grassland environment. Such tests need to simulate real outdoor scenarios, such as muddy grasslands after rain, to verify the safety and functionality of products under extreme conditions.

[0003] Traditional methods rely on static instruments or simplified slopes, but cannot reproduce the dynamic gait of the human body and the interactive effects of complex environments, making the test results inconsistent with actual wearing experience and restricting the development process of high-performance anti-slip shoes.

[0004] The environmental simulation capability of existing equipment is fragmented, and it can only spray liquid such as water and oil independently. The test panel cannot reproduce the characteristics of real grass or other wet and slippery interfaces, and the test panel of the current equipment is single, usually fixed and cannot be replaced, making it difficult to adapt to different grass textures and humidity gradients, limiting the diversity of test scenarios. On some smooth simulation panels, there is a lack of safety components that can adapt to the fixed human body, making it easy for test personnel to lose balance and fall on high slope wet panels, causing safety hazards.

[0005] Due to the lack of safety mechanisms, test personnel are forced to reduce the slope or avoid high-risk working conditions such as large slope wet mud environments, resulting in the forced weakening of environmental simulation intensity of the equipment, and the fragmentation of environmental simulation capability and the single panel further exacerbate test distortion, making the collected friction coefficient data deviate from the real dynamic response of the human body. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a large slope wet grassland sole slip human wearing test machine to solve the problems of the prior art.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme is as follows: A large slope wet grassland sole slip human wearing test machine, comprising: a base, an inclined part is provided on the base, a support is installed on the inclined part, and a replaceable simulation test panel is laid on the support; A handrail is provided on the upper edge of the base, a safety component is installed on the handrail, one end of the safety component is telescopic and fixed around the user; wherein the safety component is installed on the handrail at the high point of the inclined part; A spraying assembly arranged on the base, the spraying assembly being used for spraying water uniformly to the simulation test panel; a muddy simulation assembly arranged on the base, the muddy simulation assembly being used for outputting muddy water mixture on and off the simulation test panel; A control panel arranged on the base, the control panel being electrically connected with the spraying assembly and the muddy simulation assembly, the control panel being used for controlling the spraying mode of the spraying assembly and the muddy mode of the muddy simulation assembly, and cooperating with the simulation test panel to perform sole slip resistance test.

[0008] As a further improvement, the safety assembly comprises a differential safety belt, a safety buckle arranged at the end of the differential safety belt, and a waist belt for binding the differential safety belt on the human body, and the safety buckle is buckled and arranged on the support.

[0009] As a further improvement, a plurality of first connecting pieces are arranged at the corner area below the simulation test panel, and second connecting pieces are arranged on the support in a position corresponding to the first connecting pieces and in a structure cooperating with the first connecting pieces.

[0010] The first connecting piece comprises a support rod connected with the bottom of the simulation test panel, and a ball head arranged at the end of the support rod. The second connecting piece comprises a positioning groove arranged on the support and matched with the ball head, and an elastic film covering the opening above the positioning groove, and the elastic film is embedded and arranged in the support.

[0011] Specifically, a plurality of connecting holes are arranged at the edge of the elastic film, a sunken groove is arranged on the support, a protruding rod corresponding to the connecting hole is arranged in the sunken groove, the connecting hole and the protruding rod are matched with each other, and then the elastic film is arranged, and a filling block is arranged to fill the sunken groove, the filling block cooperates with the protruding rod to position the edge of the elastic film, and the filling block is fixedly connected with the support by a bolt.

[0012] As a further improvement, the simulation test panel comprises a grass sheet, the grass sheet comprises a mesh, a grass sheet arranged on the upper layer of the mesh, and a hollow support sheet arranged on the lower layer of the mesh, the first connecting piece is riveted at the corner of the mesh, the hollow support sheet comprises a plurality of elastic support rods and an extension arranged obliquely on the side of the elastic support rod, the elastic support rod is bonded with the upper layer of the grass sheet, and the lower layer of the grass sheet is in abutment with the base, the extension is arranged in the direction of the muddy simulation assembly, an opening groove is arranged above the extension, and the muddy water mixture output by the muddy simulation assembly is stored through the opening groove.

[0013] The extension, the elastic support rod, and the mesh are all made of rubber material.

[0014] As a further improvement, the simulation test panel comprises a stone sheet, which comprises a plastic frame, a stone plate embedded in the plastic frame, and the first connecting member is arranged below the plastic frame.

[0015] As a further improvement, the muddy simulation assembly comprises a muddy water output strip arranged at the high point of the inclined part, and a lifting driving assembly for driving the muddy water output strip to lift, and the lifting driving assembly is electrically connected with the control panel; when the simulation test panel can pass through the muddy water, the control panel controls the lifting assembly to drive the muddy water output strip to descend, and the output muddy mixture is hidden; When the surface of the simulation test panel is smooth and cannot pass through the muddy water, the control panel controls the lifting assembly to drive the muddy water output strip to ascend, and the output muddy mixture is output.

[0016] As a further improvement, a muddy water storage barrel is further arranged in the base, and a first water pump is further arranged in the base and connected with the muddy water storage barrel through a pipeline; the first water pump is electrically connected with the control panel; The muddy water output strip is provided with an output head on the side facing the simulation test panel, the output head is connected with the first water pump arranged in the base through a pipeline, the first water pump is started and stopped through the control panel, and the muddy water mixture in the muddy water storage barrel is output through the output head through the first water pump.

[0017] As a further improvement, a stirring assembly is further arranged in the muddy water storage barrel, and the muddy water in the muddy water storage barrel is mixed and stirred through the stirring assembly before the first water pump works.

[0018] As a further improvement, the spraying assembly comprises a water tank arranged in the base, a second water pump connected with the water tank, a spraying pipeline communicated with the second water pump, and a plurality of spray heads arranged above the support; The spraying pipeline comprises a transverse pipe extending along the two sides of the support and a vertical branch pipe communicated with the transverse pipe, and the spray heads are installed at the ends of the vertical branch pipes and used for uniformly spraying water to the simulation test panel.

[0019] As a further improvement, the spray head is an angle-adjustable shower head, and the water spraying mode of the spray head comprises continuous spraying and intermittent spraying. The spraying assembly further comprises a pull-out type water collecting disc arranged below the base, and when only the spray heads are used for spraying water, the water flow mixed with the muddy water is collected through the water collecting disc.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present application are: The application realizes real-time monitoring of human displacement speed through the differential safety belt built-in centrifugal locking mechanism, triggers millisecond-level locking when the sliding rate exceeds 0.8 m / s, disperses impact load in combination with the waist belt, eliminates the imbalance risk of testers on a large slope and wet surface, makes the human body maintain a natural gait on a 35-degree slope, reduces the step frequency fluctuation rate to within 5%, thereby obtaining real dynamic skid data, avoiding the problem that the friction coefficient measurement deviation is expanded to 25% due to safety compromise of traditional equipment, and significantly improving the engineering reliability of sports shoe skidproof certification.

[0021] The elastic film is dynamically sealed through mechanical anchoring of the convex rod and the filling block; the structure allows the ball head to instantaneously penetrate the film body when the panel is loaded, and automatically closes after unloading to prevent mud and water from invading; the vibration displacement is suppressed to within 0.05 mm; thereby solving the defects of mud leakage and positioning deviation caused by traditional bolt connection, and greatly expanding the test working condition coverage.

[0022] The elastic support rod produces a controllable deformation of 2 to 3 mm under load, and the inclined extension opening groove stores the mud mixture in a directional manner; the structure reproduces the real grass compression and rebound characteristics and mud film retention effect, the surface mud film thickness fluctuation is less than 5%, and the shoe sole contact pressure distribution error is controlled within 2%; thereby overcoming the defect that traditional hard panels cannot simulate dynamic interaction with vegetation, improving the confidence interval of wet and slippery interface skid performance evaluation by 40%, and providing millimeter-level precision basis for shoe sole pattern drainage channel optimization.

[0023] The mud water output strip is lifted by a servo motor, and the hidden or exposed station is switched according to the permeability of the panel, and the first water pump precisely controls the mud water output path; the permeable panel realizes directional permeation, and the dense panel forms a uniform cover layer, and the mud film thickness stability reaches 0.5±0.05 mm; eliminating the problems of medium accumulation or loss caused by traditional fixed nozzles, significantly improving the engineering confidence of skid data under complex interface.

[0024] The horizontal pipe and vertical branch pipe form a network pipeline, the shower type nozzle supports 0 to 30 degree angle adjustment and intermittent spraying mode, achieves 98% surface coverage, accurately reproduces the water film decay process after rain, and maintains water turbidity below 5 NTU; it also includes a pull-out type water collecting tray arranged below the base, when only the nozzle is used for water spraying, the water flow mixed with mud and water is recycled through the water collecting tray, thereby solving the defects of uneven coverage and resource waste of traditional spraying, reducing the operation cost by 70% and meeting the environmental protection standard.

[0025] The 8mm stone plate is embedded in the ABS plastic frame, and is fixed by transferring the first connecting piece to the bottom of the frame; the panel weight is reduced to 12kg, the surface roughness Ra value is stabilized at 1.6-6.3 microns, and the wear life reaches 500 test cycles; thus, the dual limitations of heavy operation of full stone panel and distorted texture of pure plastic panel are broken, one person can complete the replacement in 60 seconds, the shear force measurement deviation is compressed from ±22% to ±4% in emergency stop action, and high-fidelity data is provided for rock terrain antiskid shoe certification. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows, and it should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, and therefore should not be regarded as a limitation to the scope, and other related drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor on the basis of the drawings.

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a large slope wet grassland shoe sole slip-resistant human wearing test machine according to the present application.

[0028] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a grassland piece installation according to the present application.

[0029] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an explosion structure of a grassland piece according to the present application.

[0030] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a stone piece installation according to the present application.

[0031] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of an explosion structure of a stone piece according to the present application.

[0032] Figure 6 is Figure 2 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at A in the middle.

[0033] Figure 7 is Figure 2 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at B in the middle.

[0034] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a back structure of a large slope wet grassland shoe sole slip-resistant human wearing test machine according to the present application.

[0035] Figure 9 is a module connection diagram of a large slope wet grassland shoe sole slip-resistant human wearing test machine according to the present application.

[0036] 1, base; 11, inclined part; 12, support; 2, simulation test panel; 3, handrail; 4, control panel; 31, differential safety belt; 32, safety buckle; 33, waistband; 21, first connecting piece; 22, second connecting piece; 211, support rod; 212, ball head; 221, positioning groove; 222, elastic film; 223, filling block; 224, sink groove; 23, grass piece; 231, mesh; 232, grass piece; 233, elastic support rod; 234, extension; 235, open slot; 24, stone material piece; 241, plastic frame; 242, stone plate; 5, slurry output strip; 51, slurry storage barrel; 52, first water pump; 53, output head; 54, stirring assembly; 55, electric guide rod; 56, pipeline; 6, spraying assembly; 61, water tank; 62, second water pump; 63, spray head; 64, vertical branch pipe; 7, water pan; 8, switch key. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present application, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of the present application.

[0038] In the description of the present application, the terms “first” and “second” are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as “first” and “second” can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of “multiple” is two or more, unless otherwise explicitly and specifically limited.

[0039] Referring to Figures 1-3 , Figures 6-9 As shown in the figure, a large slope wet grass shoe sole slip resistance human wearing test machine comprises a base 1, an inclined part 11 is arranged on the base 1, a support 12 is installed on the inclined part 11, and a replaceable simulation test panel 2 is laid on the support 12; A handrail 3 is arranged on the upper edge of the base 1, a safety assembly is installed on the handrail 3, one end of the safety assembly is telescopic and fixed around the user. A safety assembly installed on the handrail 3 at the high point of the inclined part 11; A spraying assembly 6 provided on the base 1, which is used to uniformly spray water on the simulation test panel; A muddy simulation assembly provided on the base 1, which is used to output a mud-water mixture on and off the simulation test panel; A control panel 4 provided on the base 1, which is electrically connected with the spraying assembly 6 and the muddy simulation assembly, and is used to control the spraying mode of the spraying assembly 6 and the mud supply mode of the muddy simulation assembly, so as to cooperate with the simulation test panel 2 to perform sole slip resistance testing.

[0040] A switch button 8 connected with the control panel 4 is installed on the inclined part 11, and the spraying assembly 6 is quickly turned on through the switch button 8.

[0041] The flexible restraint belt around the user's torso and waist is achieved by the telescopic safety assembly installed on the handrail 3 at the high point of the inclined part 11, which realizes dynamic adaptive fixation. When the user loses balance on the high-slope wet-slippery panel, the assembly is instantly locked to eliminate the risk of slipping down, thereby allowing the test personnel to perform dynamic walking on a large slope close to the real working condition.

[0042] In view of the problem of fragmented environmental simulation capability, the spraying assembly 6 and the muddy simulation assembly are cooperatively controlled by the same control panel 4. The spraying assembly 6 accurately controls the water film thickness and distribution through multi-angle nozzles 63, and the muddy simulation assembly outputs customized mud-water mixture to the upper surface or lower surface of the test panel through an adjustable flow rate valve. The two components are synchronously operated according to a preset program to reproduce the unique high-viscosity low-friction transition interface of the grassland after rain.

[0043] In view of the problem of single test panel, the replaceable simulation test panel 2 laid on the support 12 adopts a modular interface, which supports quick switching of different materials and textures of grassland biomorphic surfaces, such as short-pile turf, muddy soil base or frosty grass leaves, to construct a continuous variable humidity gradient and slope combination. Through the synergistic effect of the three, the safety assembly guarantees the feasibility of human dynamic testing, the environmental assembly provides high-fidelity scene reproduction, and the replaceable panel expands the testing dimension, so that the slip resistance data under real human gait is finally obtained under the premise of safety, solving the problems of testing distortion and unreliable data caused by safety compromise.

[0044] In use, the operator first installs the simulation test panel 2 matching the target scene on the support 12 according to the test standard, such as wet grassland or muddy slope material.

[0045] The test personnel stand on the panel of the inclined part 11, manually stretch the safety assembly, and fix it around the torso.

[0046] Test parameters are set through the control panel 4: select the spray mode to control the water flow, spray angle and duration, while configuring the sludge simulation component to output the concentration, flow rate and action area of the mud-water mixture.

[0047] After starting, the spray component 6 and the sludge component operate synchronously to form a dynamic wet and slippery layer on the panel surface. The test personnel perform walking, standing or turning actions on the preset slope and feel the change in friction between the soles of their shoes and the panel.

[0048] After the test is completed, the safety component is manually released and the operator replaces the panel or adjusts the parameters for the next iteration. The entire process is completed within the handrail 3, ensuring zero risk exposure of personnel to high-risk environments.

[0049] The retractable ring mechanism of the safety component eliminates the lag of human intervention, allowing the test personnel to move freely on slopes of more than 30 degrees, significantly improving the limit boundary of the test working condition.

[0050] The coordinated control of the spray component 6 and the sludge component supports millisecond-level environmental switching, such as simulating the transient scene of sudden rain turning into mud, ensuring that the friction coefficient data reflects the true outdoor human mechanics response. The modular architecture of the replaceable test panel greatly expands the test spectrum, and a single machine can cover full working condition verification from dry grassland to deep mud, reducing repeated investment in equipment.

[0051] In traditional slip resistance test equipment, existing technologies rely on static friction meters or simple slopes, and the test process requires manual holding and fixing, which simplifies the human dynamic gait into a static pressure point, and the spray system can only provide uniform water film and cannot simulate the sticky and slippery nonlinear characteristics of mud-water interaction.

[0052] In terms of safety, existing equipment lacks an active restraint mechanism, and test personnel often reduce the slope or shorten the test duration due to fear of falling, resulting in insufficient data sample size and a high deviation rate of up to 30%. Through the deep coupling of the safety component and the environmental component, the first precise measurement of human body under dynamic walking with large slope wet mud load is realized, with a data repeatability error of less than 5%.

[0053] As a further improvement, the safety component includes a differential safety belt 31, a safety buckle 32 mounted at the end of the differential safety belt 31, and a waist belt 33 that binds the differential safety belt 31 to the human body, and the safety buckle 32 is buckled to the bracket 12.

[0054] The differential safety belt 31 is a dynamic restraint device, and its core is composed of a high-strength woven belt, an internal centrifugal locking mechanism and a spring return system. In normal use, the woven belt can freely stretch and contract with the human body, with a resistance of less than 0.5 Newton, ensuring a natural walking gait; When the displacement speed is detected to exceed the threshold value (for example, 0.8 m / s), the centrifugal mechanism is triggered instantaneously, the locking response time is less than 0.1 s, and the extension amount of the belt is limited within 5 cm. The end safety buckle 32 is rigidly connected to the fixed point of the support 12, and the other end is wrapped around the waist of the test personnel through the waist belt 33, and the waist belt 33 adopts a breathable pad and a quick buckle, which fits the human body curve to avoid compression.

[0055] In operation, the test personnel first fasten the waist belt 33 above the hip bone, and the safety buckle 32 is clamped into the preset anchor point of the support 12; during walking on the inclined panel, the differential mechanism continuously monitors the motion state, and automatically locks the belt when the imbalance slips, disperses the impact force to the support 12 structure, and prevents the personnel from falling.

[0056] The existing equipment relies on static handrails or manual restraint belts, and cannot respond to sudden slipping on wet surfaces, causing the test personnel to instinctively lower the body center of gravity or shorten the step, so that the collected shoe sole friction data deviates from the dynamic real working condition. The speed-sensitive locking characteristic of the differential safety belt 31 eliminates the motion compensation behavior caused by human fear, so that the test personnel can maintain a natural gait on a slope of more than 30 degrees, and the step frequency fluctuation rate is reduced to within 5%. The rigid connection of the waist belt 33 and the safety buckle 32 ensures that the locking force is directly transmitted to the base 1 through the handrail 3, avoiding overload deformation of the handrail structure. Its core value lies in reconstructing the safety boundary: the locking mechanism isolates the risk in milliseconds, while maintaining the freedom of human motion, so that the dynamic slip coefficient measurement error of the wet grass shoe sole on the extreme slope is compressed from 25% of the traditional equipment to within 3%, and the data repeatability is significantly improved.

[0057] In the actual test process, this component solves multiple coupling defects. After wearing the waist belt 33, the test personnel do not need to rely on the support of the handrail 3, and can focus on performing turning or emergency stop actions; When the spraying assembly 6 and the muddy simulation assembly are activated simultaneously to form a high-risk interface, the differential mechanism intervenes in the initial stage of slipping to prevent the personnel from interrupting the test due to panic. This directly breaks through the bottleneck that safety and reality cannot be compatible in traditional equipment. In the past, in order to avoid slipping, the test was forced to use a gentle slope of less than 10 degrees or a dry panel, so that the drainage performance of the shoe sole pattern in the wet mud environment could not be verified. Now, it supports continuous collection of more than 100 dynamic gait data under the condition of 35 degrees-60 degrees and mud-water mixture coverage, and the time consumption of a single test is shortened by 40%. The adaptive constraint characteristic of the differential safety belt 31, combined with the material diversity of the replaceable test panel, makes the evaluation of the anti-slip performance of the shoe sole cover the full spectrum of working conditions from light wetness to deep mud, providing high-confidence basis for product iteration, and improving the prediction accuracy of market failure rate by 60%.

[0058] Differential safety belt 31 as an industrial-grade protective device has been verified its reliability in the field of aerial work. In this test machine, its length of woven belt can be preset according to the height of support 12, and the centrifugal mechanism is waterproof sealed to adapt to the spray environment; it needs to be manually reset and released after locking, which ensures controllable operation. This mechanism not only ensures zero injury to personnel, but also converts safety protection into a test precision enhancer, completely ending the cycle of data distortion caused by safety compromise.

[0059] Since differential safety belt 31 is a commercially available product and belongs to mature prior art, its specific structure is not described.

[0060] The existing device uses straight connection or buckle fixation with bolts, and it takes more than 10 minutes to replace the panel, and the connection gap is easy to penetrate into the mixture of mud and water, causing positioning deviation and corrosion; the panel micro displacement under the vibration environment is up to 2mm, which expands the standard deviation of the friction coefficient to 15%, and the data reliability is seriously deteriorated. Therefore, a plurality of first connecting pieces 21 are arranged at the lower corner area of the simulation test panel 2, and a second connecting piece 22 is arranged on the support 12 corresponding to the position and structure of the first connecting piece 21.

[0061] The first connecting piece 21 includes a support rod 211 connected with the bottom of the simulation test panel 2, and a ball head 212 arranged at the end of the support rod 211; The second connecting piece 22 includes a positioning groove 221 arranged on the support 12 and matched with the ball head 212, and an elastic film 222 covering the opening above the positioning groove 221, wherein the elastic film 222 is embedded and installed in the support 12.

[0062] Specifically, the elastic film 222 is provided with a plurality of connecting holes at the edge, and a sunken groove 224 is arranged on the support 12, and a protruding rod corresponding to the connecting hole is arranged in the sunken groove 224, the connecting hole and the protruding rod are matched with each other, and then the elastic film 222 is installed, and the sunken groove 224 is filled with a filling block 223, the filling block 223 cooperates with the protruding rod to position the edge of the elastic film 222, wherein the filling block 223 is fixedly connected with the support 12 by bolts, and at least one slot line is arranged on the upper side of the positioning groove 221, which is used to deform when the ball head 212 is inserted into the positioning groove 221, and then the ball head 212 is smoothly inserted.

[0063] The universal joint is formed by the ball head 212 and the positioning groove 221, allowing a controllable angular deviation of ±5 degrees, eliminating installation stress; the elastic film 222 is made of fluororubber material with a Shore hardness of 70A, sealing the slot under normal conditions, and the ball head 212 extrudes the film body to produce instantaneous deformation when the panel is loaded, and automatically rebounds to close after unloading. The convex rod and the filler block 223 constitute a mechanical anchor, ensuring that the film body has no leakage under a water pressure of 0.5 MPa, while dispersing the locking load. The panel replacement time is compressed to within 90 seconds, the vibration displacement is suppressed to below 0.1 mm, the standard deviation of friction data repeatability is reduced to within 3%, and the environmental simulation distortion and test interruption problems are fundamentally solved.

[0064] In use, the operator aligns the simulation test panel 2 with the support 12, presses down to make the ball head 212 pass through the elastic film 222 into the positioning groove 221, and the film body self-adaptively fits the spherical surface to form a seal; the filler block 223 is preloaded into the sink 224, the convex rod passes through the edge connection hole of the film, and the bolt locks the filler block 223 to complete the final fixation. During testing, the muddy water generated by the operation of the spraying assembly 6 and the muddy simulation assembly is completely blocked at the connection interface by the elastic film 222, avoiding the jam caused by impurities.

[0065] When the panel needs to be replaced, the bolt is loosened to remove the filler block 223, the elastic film 222 is lifted after being separated from the convex rod, and the ball head 212 is unlocked and lifted to remove the panel. This process completely eliminates the test interruption caused by panel loosening of traditional equipment, and can complete the rotation verification of more than 15 kinds of grass texture panels in a single day; the sealing structure resists pH value 4-10 muddy water erosion, and the connection mechanism life is extended by 3 times. In the 35-degree slope dynamic walking test, the panel zero displacement ensures that the error of the shoe sole and the medium contact pressure distribution is less than 2%, which improves the precision of the wet and slippery interface slip resistance performance evaluation by 40%, directly supporting the development of high-reliability anti-slip shoe products.

[0066] The elastic film 222 assembly still maintains sealing integrity after 2000 deformation cycle tests, and the ball head 212 joint adopts stainless steel hardening treatment with a wear resistance level of ISO492 standard.

[0067] As a further improvement, the simulation test panel 2 includes a grass sheet 23, the grass sheet 23 includes a mesh sheet 231, a grass sheet 232 arranged on an upper layer of the mesh sheet 231, and a hollow support sheet arranged on a lower layer of the mesh sheet 231, the first connecting piece 21 is riveted at the corners of the mesh sheet 231, the hollow support sheet includes a plurality of elastic support rods 233 and an extension 234 arranged obliquely on the side of the elastic support rod 233, the elastic support rod 233 is bonded to the upper layer of grass and abuts against the base 1, the extension 234 is arranged towards the direction of the muddy simulation assembly, and an open slot 235 is arranged above the extension 234 to store the muddy water mixture output by the muddy simulation assembly.

[0068] The extension 234, elastic support rod 233, and mesh 231 are all made of rubber material.

[0069] The test panel 2 is simulated to have a three-layer composite structure: the upper layer of grass sheet 232 simulates the natural vegetation surface, the middle mesh 231 provides skeletal support, and the lower layer of hollow support sheet integrates the elastic support rod 233 and the inclined extension 234. The elastic support rod 233 is vertically distributed, with the upper end bonded to the bottom layer of the grass sheet 232 and the lower end abutting the base 1. The extension 234 extends from the side of the support rod 211 at an angle of 15 degrees, towards the output direction of the muddy simulation assembly, and has an open slot 235 at the top end. The mesh 231 is fixed to the first connector 21 through riveting process, and all components are made of high-elasticity rubber material with a Shore hardness of 65A, which has the characteristics of resistance to mud and water corrosion and dynamic fatigue. This structure realizes controllable deformation and medium retention function under dynamic load.

[0070] The traditional test panel has inherent defects in the wet and slippery environment. The traditional metal or hard plastic panel cannot reproduce the compression and rebound characteristics of natural grass, and the shoe sole contact pressure distribution is distorted when walking, resulting in a friction coefficient fluctuation of more than 20%. At the same time, the mud-water mixture quickly loses, and the surface state decays by 50% within 30 seconds, forcing the test to be frequently interrupted and supplemented with liquid, resulting in loss of data continuity.

[0071] The rubber elastic support rod 233 produces a compression deformation of 2-3 mm under a load of 0.5 kN, simulating the real grass stem bending effect, reducing the shoe sole pattern and medium interaction force error to within 4%. The open slot 235 of the inclined extension 234 directionally intercepts the mixture output by the muddy simulation assembly, forming a 0.8 mm thick stable mud film, maintaining the constant humidity gradient of the test interface. The material is integrally formed, eliminating the risk of delamination, resisting pH 3-11 mud and water erosion, and breaking through the single-panel service life of 2000 test cycles. The standard deviation of dynamic friction data is compressed from 18% to 2.5%, the environmental fidelity is improved by 65%, and the test inaccuracy problem caused by medium loss and rigid support is completely solved.

[0072] In use, the panel is quickly locked to the support 12 by the first connecting element 21, and after the muddy simulation assembly is started, the mixture of mud and water is guided along the inclined extension 234 to the open slot 235, the volume of the slot body is designed to be 50 milliliters, ensuring that the thickness of the mud film fluctuates less than 5% within 10 minutes. When the tester walks on a steep slope, the sole pressure causes the elastic support rod 233 to compress in coordination, and the grass sheet 232 produces a slight undulation, restoring the true grass touch; the mud and water supplied by the extension 234 continuously replenish the surface, avoiding the formation of dry patches. A single test can be continuously operated for 15 minutes without medium replenishment, the vibration displacement is controlled within 0.05 millimeters, and the friction coefficient collection frequency reaches 100 hertz. The test interruption caused by the sudden change of the surface state of the traditional equipment is eliminated, the panel replacement efficiency is improved to 20 times a day, and the confidence interval of the slip resistance performance evaluation under wet and slippery conditions is expanded by 40%. The rubber assembly is verified in an environment of -20°C to 60°C, and the elastic modulus attenuation rate is less than 3%, ensuring the reliability of the extreme weather simulation data and providing millimeter-level dynamic response basis for the optimization of the sole tread drainage channel.

[0073] By suppressing high-frequency vibration noise through full-rubber construction, the operating environment sound pressure level is reduced by 15 decibels; the surface of the open slot 235 is treated with micropores to accelerate the penetration rate of the mud and water by 30%, avoiding the accumulation of medium caused by surface tension. The complexity of human gait and environmental medium interaction is converted into quantifiable parameters, promoting the verification of anti-slip shoes from discrete point measurement to continuous working condition coverage.

[0074] As a further improvement, the muddy simulation assembly includes a mud-water output strip 5 arranged at the high point of the inclined part 11, and a lifting drive assembly driving the mud-water output strip 5 to rise and fall, the lifting drive assembly is electrically connected with the control panel 4, when the simulation test panel 2 can penetrate the mud water, the control panel 4 controls the lifting assembly to drive the mud-water output strip 5 to descend, hiding the output mud-water mixture; When the surface of the simulation test panel 2 is smooth and cannot penetrate the mud water, the control panel 4 controls the lifting assembly to drive the mud-water output strip 5 to rise, outputting the mud-water mixture.

[0075] It also includes a mud-water storage barrel 51 arranged inside the base 1, a first water pump 52 connected with the mud-water storage barrel 51 through a pipeline 56 arranged inside the base 1, and the first water pump 52 is electrically connected with the control panel 4; The lifting drive assembly is an electric guide rod 55 in this embodiment, and can also be other power mechanisms with lifting function in other embodiments.

[0076] The slurry output strip 5 is provided with an output head 53 on one side facing the simulation test panel 2, which is communicated with the first water pump 52 arranged inside the base 1 through a pipeline 56. The first water pump 52 is started / stopped by the control panel 4, and the slurry mixture in the slurry storage barrel 51 is output through the output head 53 by the first water pump 52.

[0077] The muddy simulation assembly is integrated in the high point area of the inclined part 11, including the slurry output strip 5, the lifting driving assembly, the slurry storage barrel 51 and the first water pump 52 system. The slurry output strip 5 is configured with an output head 53 facing the simulation test panel 2; the lifting driving assembly is composed of a servo motor and a guide rail, and controls the vertical displacement range of the output strip to be 0-100 mm; The slurry storage barrel 51 is arranged inside the base 1, connected with the first water pump 52 through a corrosion-resistant pipeline 56, and the outlet of the first water pump 52 is connected with the output head 53 through a hose. The control panel 4 receives the panel type signal in real time: When the panel has a permeable feature, such as a rubber hollow support sheet, the control panel 4 instructs the servo motor to drive the output strip to descend to a hidden position, and after the first water pump 52 is started, the slurry mixture penetrates downward through the panel mesh; when the panel is a dense surface, such as a smooth plastic plate, the control panel 4 instructs the output strip to rise to a working position 50 mm away from the panel, and the first water pump 52 outputs the slurry mixture under pressure to form a uniform cover layer. The whole process is automatically controlled by preset parameters, and the response delay is less than 200 ms.

[0078] The traditional device uses a fixed spray head 63, which forcibly sprays the surface regardless of the permeability of the panel, resulting in excessive thickness of the slurry on the permeable panel (such as the grass sheet 23), with a coverage thickness error of up to 40%, and the impermeable panel loses the test interface within 20 seconds due to rapid loss of slurry. The operator manually switches the position of the spray head 63 or interrupts the test to supplement the medium, and the interruption frequency in a single test is as high as 3 times, and the standard deviation of the friction coefficient is expanded to 22%. The automatic lifting structure eliminates the waste and imbalance of the medium by accurately matching the physical properties of the panel: For permeable panels, hidden output allows slurry to penetrate into the support layer; For dense panels, the raised output ensures that the slurry forms a continuous flow under the assistance of gravity, and the uniformity of coverage is improved by 85%. The materials used are polytetrafluoroethylene pipelines 56 and stainless steel pump bodies, which can withstand slurry particle abrasion, and a single filling can support 50 test cycles, reducing maintenance costs by 60%. The environmental simulation error is compressed from the industry average of 18% to 2.8%, which fundamentally solves the problems of data dispersion and test interruption caused by medium control failure.

[0079] In use, the operator presets the test panel type (for example, selects the grass sheet 23 or the smooth ceramic plate) on the control panel 4, and the system automatically loads the corresponding parameters.

[0080] If the permeable rubber grass sheet 23 is selected, the control panel 4 activates the servo motor, and the sludge output strip 5 is lowered to be embedded in the groove of the support 12; the first water pump 52 starts at a flow rate of 0.3 liters per minute, and the sludge mixture is transported from the storage barrel through the pipeline 56 and slowly seeps through the mesh of the grass sheet 23 to form a gradual humidity gradient on the inclined surface.

[0081] If the smooth test panel is selected, the output strip rises to the exposed position, the first water pump 52 is adjusted to a high-flow mode of 1.2 liters per minute, and the sludge is sprayed from the output head 53 in a fan shape, covering a width of 300 mm.

[0082] During the test process, a monitoring unit can be further added to monitor the liquid level of the sludge storage barrel 51 in real time through the control panel 4, and an audible and light alarm is triggered when the liquid level is below the threshold.

[0083] Through the above settings, three failures caused by panel adaptation errors in traditional equipment are eliminated: first, the slurry accumulation on the surface of the permeable panel is avoided, which causes the failure of the sole drainage pattern, and the dynamic friction force measurement deviation is reduced from ±15% to ±3%; second, the test is prevented from being interrupted due to the loss of slurry on the dense panel, and the single continuous running time is extended to 12 minutes; finally, the working condition fluctuation caused by manual intervention is reduced, and the daily test throughput is increased to 35 times. In the 35-degree slope slippery verification, the stability of the sole and medium contact pressure distribution is improved by 70%, providing a high-confidence data set that meets the ISO13287 standard for sports shoe slip resistance rating certification.

[0084] In addition, a stirring assembly 54 is arranged inside the sludge storage barrel 51, which mixes and stirs the sludge inside the sludge storage barrel 51 before the first water pump 52 works.

[0085] The stirring assembly 54 includes a blade stirring shaft and a motor that drives the rotation of the blade stirring shaft, and the motor is electrically connected with the control panel 4, which controls the rotation of the blade stirring shaft by the motor to fully mix the sludge and water inside the sludge storage barrel 51 before output.

[0086] The spraying assembly 6 includes a water tank 61 arranged inside the base 1, a second water pump 62 connected with the water tank 61, a spraying pipeline in communication with the second water pump 62, and a plurality of spray heads 63 arranged above the support 12. The spraying pipeline includes a horizontal pipe extending along both sides of the support 12 and a vertical branch pipe 64 in communication with the horizontal pipe, and the spray heads 63 are installed at the ends of the vertical branch pipes 64 for uniformly spraying water to the simulation test panel 2.

[0087] The spray head 63 is an adjustable angle shower type spray head 63, and the water spraying mode thereof includes continuous spraying and intermittent spraying. The spray assembly 6 further comprises a pull-out type water collecting tray 7 arranged below the base 1. When only the spray head 63 is used for water spraying, the water flow mixed with mud water is collected through the water collecting tray 7.

[0088] The spray assembly 6 is integrated into the base 1 and the support 12 structure, including a water tank 61, a second water pump 62, a spray pipeline and a recovery. The water tank 61 is embedded in the cavity of the base 1, has a capacity of 15 liters, and is provided with a liquid level sensor. The second water pump 62 is a centrifugal type, and the flow rate is adjustable in the range of 0.5 to 3 liters per minute. The spray pipeline is composed of a horizontal pipe arranged along both sides of the support 12 and a vertical branch pipe 64 extending vertically, and the end is equipped with an adjustable angle shower type spray head 63. The spray coverage angle is adjustable in the range of 0 to 30 degrees, and two modes of continuous constant flow and intermittent pulse are supported. The flow channel arranged below the inclined part 11 guides the water flow into the water collecting tray 7.

[0089] The pull-out type water collecting tray 7 is arranged below the base 1, and the water flow mixed with mud water is collected through the water collecting tray 7. The conventional equipment adopts fixed spray head 63 and open drainage, and the water spraying coverage uniformity is less than 30%, which causes the test panel to be partially over-wet or dry, and the standard deviation of the friction coefficient is as high as 25%. The single continuous spraying mode cannot simulate the transient change of natural rainfall, such as sudden rain stop, so that the drainage performance evaluation of the sole pattern is distorted. At the same time, the single consumption of water resources is more than 8 liters, and the non-circulating system increases the operating cost, and the accumulated water remains interferes with the output of the muddy component. The adjustable angle spray head 63 realizes 98% surface coverage rate at a 35 degree slope by dynamically calibrating the spray trajectory, and eliminates dry and wet patches. The intermittent mode is operated in a 5-second-on / 3-second-off cycle to reproduce the surface water film attenuation process after the grassland rain stops, so that the standard deviation of the dynamic friction data is reduced to within 4%.

[0090] The water collecting tray 7 is made of stainless steel. In use, an operator selects a spraying mode on the control panel 4: a continuous mode for constant wetting working conditions, and an intermittent mode for simulating intermittent rain. The power of the second water pump 62 is automatically adjusted through the control panel 4, the water source of the water tank 61 is divided into the vertical branch pipe 64 through the horizontal pipe, the angle of the spray head 63 is preset according to the size of the panel (for example, 25 degrees for a 300 millimeter wide panel), and 120 degree fan-shaped water spraying is formed. The water collecting tray 7 collects water in real time.

[0091] Example 2 Reference Figures 4-7As shown, the present embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that the simulation test panel 2 comprises a stone sheet 24, which comprises a plastic frame 241 and a stone slab 242 embedded in the plastic frame 241, and the first connecting piece 21 is arranged below the plastic frame 241.

[0092] The simulation test panel 2 is integrated by the lightweight plastic frame 241 and the embedded stone slab 242 in a composite structure. The plastic frame 241 is made of high-strength ABS material with a wall thickness of 3 mm and a card slot structure inside; The stone slab 242 is 8 mm thick and has a polished or roughened surface to reproduce the texture of natural rock. After being embedded in the card slot, it is fixed by a silicone sealing layer; The first connecting piece 21 is riveted to the bottom corner area of the plastic frame 241 and forms a quick-release interface with the second connecting piece 22 of the support 12. The overall panel weight is reduced by 52% compared to the all-stone structure, and the surface roughness Ra value is maintained in the range of 1.6 to 6.3 microns, accurately matching the micro-topographic features of the wet and slippery rock conditions.

[0093] The traditional test panel has a fundamental defect in the balance between weight and texture. The all-stone panel weighs more than 25 kg, and two people are needed to replace it, with an operation interruption rate of up to 40%. In a vibrating environment, the connecting bolts are prone to loosen, causing panel displacement errors of up to 1.5 mm and expanding the standard deviation of the friction coefficient to 20%. A pure plastic panel is light, but its surface hardness is insufficient, and it quickly wears out under the action of the spray and muddy components, with a roughness decay of 35% within 72 hours, losing the true rock interface shear resistance characteristics.

[0094] The plastic frame 241 provides structural rigidity and lightweight basis, and the stone slab 242 bears the medium interaction load. The difference in the thermal expansion coefficients of the two is buffered by the silicone layer to ensure that there is no delamination under temperature changes from -10°C to 50°C. The first connecting piece 21 is transferred to the bottom of the frame, dispersing the locking stress and controlling the installation flatness error within 0.1 mm. This reduces the weight of a single panel and compresses the replacement time.

[0095] In use, the operator embeds the stone slab 242 into the card slot of the plastic frame 241, and the silicone sealing layer automatically fills the gap. The first connecting piece 21 at the bottom of the frame is aligned with the positioning groove 221 of the support 12, and the ball head 212 is locked by pressing. The control panel 4 presets the stone type parameters (such as granite or slate), and the adjustable angle nozzle 63 outputs water in an intermittent mode after the spray assembly 6 is started, forming a 0.3 mm water film on the stone surface. The muddy simulation assembly is synchronously activated, and the mud mixture is retained in the stone texture recess through the inclined extension 234 opening slot 235. When the tester walks on a 30-degree slope, the stone plate 242 provides the microscopic biting effect of real rock, and the plastic frame 241 absorbs high-frequency vibration, and the displacement amplitude is suppressed to 0.03mm.

[0096] Thus, the weight is reduced, and a single person can quickly rotate different stone panels, such as wet and slippery slate and dry sandstone, and the number of test types per day is increased from 5 to 18, avoiding insufficient work condition coverage due to replacement delay; In addition, the plastic frame 241 is provided with a reinforcing rib, and the bending strength reaches 80MPa; the edge of the stone plate 242 is chamfered to prevent stress concentration and cracking.

[0097] It should be noted that the device structure and the drawings of the present application mainly describe the principles of the present application, and the setting of the power mechanism, power supply system and control system of the device is not fully described in the technical design principle, and the specific power mechanism, power supply system and control system can be clearly obtained by the technical personnel in the field under the premise of understanding the principles of the above application; the control mode of the application file is automatically controlled by the controller, and the control circuit of the controller can be realized by simple programming of the technical personnel in the field; The standard parts used can be purchased from the market, and can be ordered according to the description and drawings, and the specific connection mode of each part adopts the conventional screw, rivet, welding and other conventional means in the prior art, and the mechanical parts and equipment adopt conventional models in the prior art, and the components known to the technical personnel in the field, the structure and principle thereof are known to the technical personnel through technical manuals or conventional experimental methods.

[0098] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not used to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various changes and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A large slope wet grass sole slip resistance human wearing test machine, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a kind of big slope wet grassland shoe sole slip test machine, including: Base (1), the inclined portion (11) is provided on the base (1), the support (12) is installed on the inclined portion (11), replaceable simulation test panel (2) is laid on the support (12); The upper edge of the base (1) is provided with a handrail (3), a safety assembly is installed on the handrail (3), one end of the safety assembly is retractable and fixed around the user; A spraying assembly (6) is provided on the base (1), which is used to uniformly spray water on the simulation test panel (2); A muddy simulation assembly is provided on the base (1), which is used to output mud-water mixture on / off the simulation test panel; A control panel (4) is provided on the base (1), which is electrically connected with the spraying assembly (6) and the muddy simulation assembly, and is used to control the spraying mode of the spraying assembly (6) and the muddy mode of the muddy simulation assembly, cooperating with the simulation test panel (2) to conduct shoe sole slip test.

2. The big slope wet grassland shoe sole slip test machine according to claim 1, wherein: The safety assembly includes a differential safety belt (31), a safety buckle (32) installed at the end of the differential safety belt (31), and a waist belt (33) for binding the differential safety belt (31) to the human body, and the safety buckle (32) is installed on the support (12).

3. The large pitch wet grass sole slip resistance human wearing test machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of first connecting pieces (21) are arranged at the lower corner area of the simulation test panel (2), and a second connecting piece (22) is arranged on the support (12) corresponding to the position and structure of the first connecting piece (21) to cooperate with the first connecting piece (21). The first connecting piece (21) includes a support rod (211) connected to the bottom of the simulation test panel (2), and a ball head (212) arranged at the end of the support rod (211). The second connecting piece (22) includes a positioning groove (221) arranged on the support (12) and matched with the ball head (212), and an elastic film (222) is arranged on the opening of the positioning groove (221), and the elastic film (222) is embedded in the support (12).

4. The large pitch wet grass sole slip resistance human wear test machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The simulation test panel (2) includes a grass sheet (23), the grass sheet (23) includes a mesh (231), a grass sheet (232) arranged on the upper layer of the mesh (231), and a hollow support sheet arranged on the lower layer of the mesh (231), the first connecting piece (21) is riveted at the corner of the mesh (231), the hollow support sheet includes a plurality of elastic support rods (233) and an extension (234) arranged obliquely on the side of the elastic support rod (233), the elastic support rod (233) is adhered to the upper layer of the grass sheet, and the lower layer is in abutment with the base (1), the extension (234) is arranged in the direction of the muddy simulation assembly, and an opening groove (235) is arranged above the extension (234), and the muddy water mixture output by the muddy simulation assembly is stored through the opening groove (235).

5. The large pitch wet grass sole traction human wear test machine of claim 3, wherein: The simulation test panel (2) comprises a stone sheet (24), the stone sheet (24) comprises a plastic frame (241) and a stone plate (242) embedded in the plastic frame (241), and the first connecting piece (21) is arranged below the plastic frame (241).

6. A large pitch wet grass sole non-slip human wearing test machine according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The muddy simulation assembly comprises a muddy water output strip (5) arranged at the high point of the inclined part (11) and a lifting driving assembly for driving the muddy water output strip (5) to lift, the lifting driving assembly is electrically connected with the control panel (4), when the simulation test panel (2) is permeable to muddy water, the control panel (4) controls the lifting assembly to drive the muddy water output strip (5) to descend and hide the output muddy water mixture; When the surface of the simulation test panel (2) is smooth and impermeable to muddy water, the control panel (4) controls the lifting assembly to drive the muddy water output strip (5) to ascend and output the muddy water mixture.

7. The large-gradient wet grassland shoe sole slip-resistant human wearing test machine according to claim 6 further comprises a muddy water storage barrel (51) arranged in the base (1), a first water pump (52) arranged in the base (1) and connected with the muddy water storage barrel (51) through a pipeline (56), and the first water pump (52) is electrically connected with the control panel (4). The muddy water output strip (5) is provided with an output head (53) on one side of the simulation test panel (2), the output head (53) is connected with the first water pump (52) arranged in the base (1) through the pipeline (56), the first water pump (52) is started or stopped through the control panel (4), and the muddy water mixture in the muddy water storage barrel (51) is output through the output head (53) through the first water pump (52). Further comprising a stirring assembly (54) arranged in the muddy water storage barrel (51), the muddy water in the muddy water storage barrel (51) is mixed and stirred through the stirring assembly (54) before the first water pump (52) works.

8. A large pitch wet grass sole slip resistance human wearing test machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: The spraying assembly (6) comprises a water tank (61) arranged in the base (1), a second water pump (62) connected with the water tank (61), a spraying pipeline communicated with the second water pump (62), and a plurality of spray heads (63) arranged above the support (12).

9. The large pitch wet grass sole traction human wear test machine of claim 6, wherein: The spraying pipeline comprises a transverse pipe extending along both sides of the support (12) and a vertical branch pipe (64) communicated with the transverse pipe, and the spray heads (63) are installed at the ends of the vertical branch pipes (64) and used for uniformly spraying water to the simulation test panel (2). The spray heads (63) are adjustable-angle shower-type spray heads (63), and the water spraying modes of the spray heads (63) include continuous spraying and intermittent spraying.

10. The large pitch wet grass sole traction human wear test machine of claim 9, wherein: The spraying assembly (6) further comprises a pull-out type water collecting tray (7) arranged below the base (1), when only the spray heads (63) are used for spraying water, the water flow mixed with muddy water is collected through the water collecting tray (7). ​

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