Ship tail gas denitration and decarburization integrated turbulent flow assembly

Abstract

The invention discloses a ship tail gas denitration and decarburization integrated turbulent flow assembly. The assembly comprises a denitration tower and a decarburization tower which are connected in series. A multi-stage active turbulent flow structure is arranged to strengthen the mass transfer process, a first turbulent flow module made of a catalytic material is additionally arranged in the denitration tower and above a first spraying mechanism and a denitration catalyst, a venturi type cavity is formed in the module, a strong vortex is generated through airflow acceleration and diffusion, and the deep mixing and supplementary catalysis functions are achieved. And a second turbulent flow assembly formed by pore plates is arranged in the decarburization tower and is used for optimizing airflow distribution and creating efficient mass transfer conditions for decarburization liquid which is sprayed downwards. According to the assembly, the gas-liquid mixing efficiency and the reaction rate are systematically improved through a precisely designed turbulent flow structure, so that efficient synergistic removal of NOx and CO2 in ship tail gas is realized in a compact space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sandblasting room technology, specifically to an integrated turbulence component for denitrification and decarbonization of ship exhaust gas. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, spray scrubbing and catalytic reduction technologies are commonly used in ship exhaust gas treatment systems to remove nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2). However, the purification efficiency of both denitrification and decarbonization towers largely depends on the mass transfer and mixing effect of the gas-liquid or gas-solid two-phase flow within the tower. Existing technologies often use structured packing or standard catalyst modules. While these components can provide a certain contact area, they offer limited optimization for airflow distribution and enhancement of turbulence intensity, easily leading to channeling or short-circuiting, resulting in insufficient utilization of the reactant and difficulty in further improving purification efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The problem solved by this invention is that the existing ship denitrification and decarbonization system does not make full use of the reactants and the purification efficiency is difficult to improve further. This invention provides a high-efficiency, low-energy-consumption integrated turbulence component for ship exhaust gas denitrification and decarbonization.

[0004] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: an integrated denitrification and decarbonization turbulence component for ship exhaust gas, comprising a denitrification tower, wherein the denitrification tower is a cylindrical body with bottom inlet and top outlet, and wherein a first spray mechanism, a denitrification catalyst, and a first turbulence component are arranged sequentially from bottom to top inside the denitrification tower. The first spray mechanism can spray denitrification liquid from bottom to top, the denitrification catalyst is located above the first spray mechanism and is spaced apart, and the first turbulence component is located above the denitrification catalyst and is spaced apart. The first turbulence component is composed of multiple first turbulence modules and a sealing plate. The first turbulence module is a long cylindrical shape and is made of catalyst material. The main body of the first turbulence module is provided with several densely distributed vertically penetrating air channels, and the interior is provided with a vertically penetrating cavity, which is divided from bottom to top into a contraction section, an equal diameter section, and a diffusion section. The sealing plate is used to seal the gaps between the first turbulence modules and between the first turbulence modules and the denitrification tower. The decarbonization tower is a cylindrical body with bottom inlet and top outlet, connected in series downstream of the denitrification tower. Inside the decarbonization tower, a second turbulence component and a second spraying mechanism are arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The second turbulence component includes a support structure and an orifice plate supported by the support structure. The second spraying mechanism can spray decarbonization liquid downwards.

[0005] Furthermore, the inlet diameter of the contraction section is smaller than the diameter of the first turbulence module.

[0006] Furthermore, the length of the contraction section is 60%-80% of that of the diffusion section.

[0007] Furthermore, the perforation rate of the perforated plate is 35%-50%.

[0008] Furthermore, the first spraying mechanism includes a main spray pipe, branch spray pipes, and nozzles, with the nozzles evenly arranged on several branch spray pipes.

[0009] Furthermore, a demister is also provided, which is located above the second spraying mechanism and is spaced apart.

[0010] Furthermore, the distance between the second turbulence component, the second spray mechanism, and the demister is 0.8m-1.2m.

[0011] Furthermore, the support structure includes an annular support member and a support beam penetrating the decarbonization tower, which are used to support the edge and center of the orifice plate, respectively.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. The first turbulence module of this invention is made of catalyst material, transforming it from a passive mixing element into a reaction unit with active catalytic function. While generating eddies to enhance mass transfer, it can also supplement the catalytic purification of NOx escaping from the front end. Without adding additional equipment, structural innovation achieves the extension of the reaction space and the superposition of purification efficiency, breaking through the performance limits of single-function components.

[0013] 2. This invention constructs a three-stage deep purification process consisting of "spray-based initial denitrification + catalyst-based main reaction + turbulence-based supplementary reaction" by setting a special first turbulence component at the top of the denitrification tower, which combines catalysis and turbulence functions. This component not only generates strong vortices through its venturi structure, breaking up and mixing gas and liquid to greatly enhance mass transfer efficiency, but its own catalyst material can also perform final catalysis on escaped NOx, thus achieving denitrification efficiency and reliability far exceeding conventional technologies within a single tower.

[0014] 3. In this invention, the decarbonization tower is connected in series downstream of the denitrification tower. The exhaust gas first enters the decarbonization tower and passes upward through the second turbulence component. The orifice plate therein can initially distribute the airflow evenly and generate turbulence, creating favorable conditions for subsequent gas-liquid reactions. The orifice plate can trap the decarbonization liquid sprayed later. Under the action of gravity, the decarbonization liquid is forced downward through the orifice plate and comes into contact with the upward airflow, forming the first decarbonization treatment. The gas continues to rise and comes into countercurrent contact with the decarbonization liquid film or droplets formed by the downward spraying second spraying mechanism, forming the second decarbonization treatment. The turbulence generated by the orifice plate can greatly increase the gas-liquid contact area and mass transfer efficiency, thereby efficiently absorbing carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an integrated denitrification and decarbonization turbulence assembly for ship exhaust gas according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the first turbulence module described in this invention; Figure 3 This is a bottom view of the first turbulence assembly described in this invention; Figure 4 A bottom view of the second spoiler component; Figure 5 This is a top view of the first spray mechanism.

[0016] In the picture: 1. Denitrification tower; 2. First spraying mechanism; 201. Main spray pipe; 202. Branch spray pipe; 203. Nozzle; 3. Denitrification catalyst; 4. First aerodynamic component; 401. First aerodynamic module; 4011. Contraction section; 4012. Constant diameter section; 4013. Diffusion section; 402. Sealing plate; 5. Decarbonization tower; 6. Second aerodynamic component; 601. Perforated plate; 602. Support component; 603. Support beam; 7. Second spraying mechanism; 8. Demister. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] like Figure 1-5 As shown, an integrated denitrification and decarbonization turbulence assembly for ship exhaust includes a denitrification tower 1, which is a cylindrical body with bottom inlet and top outlet. Inside the denitrification tower 1, a first spray mechanism 2, a denitrification catalyst 3, and a first turbulence assembly 4 are arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The first spray mechanism 2 sprays denitrification liquid from bottom to top. The denitrification catalyst 3 is located above the first spray mechanism 2 and spaced apart. The first turbulence assembly 4 is located above the denitrification catalyst 3 and spaced apart. The first turbulence assembly 4 consists of multiple first turbulence... The system consists of a flow module 401 and a sealing plate 402. The first flow module 401 is a long cylindrical shape and is made of catalyst material. The main body of the first flow module 401 is provided with several densely distributed vertically penetrating air channels and a vertically penetrating cavity inside. The cavity is divided from bottom to top into a contraction section 4011, an equal diameter section 4012, and a diffusion section 4013. The sealing plate 402 is used to seal the gaps between the first flow modules 401 and between the first flow module 401 and the denitrification tower 1. This scheme features a bottom-in, top-out denitrification tower 1 as its core structure. Initial denitrification occurs through a first spray mechanism 2, which sprays upwards and contacts the exhaust gas in a counter-current flow. The gas then passes through a denitrification catalyst layer 3 for a standard SCR reaction, finally entering a specially designed first turbulence module 4. This first turbulence module 401 combines catalysis and turbulence functions. Its externally distributed air channels divide the gas flow, increase turbulence, and extend residence time. The internal Venturi-shaped cavity accelerates the gas in the contraction section 4011 and generates strong vortices in the diffusion section 4013, thus violently disturbing the gas. On one hand, it breaks up, mixes, and secondary captures any entrained droplets, achieving deep gas-liquid mixing and mass transfer, enhancing the denitrification effect. On the other hand, its own catalyst material can supplement the catalysis of incompletely reacted NOx, achieving three-stage deep denitrification. The sealing plate 402 forces all gas flow through the turbulence module, preventing short circuits and ensuring processing efficiency.

[0019] The decarbonization tower 5 is a cylindrical body with bottom inlet and top outlet, connected in series downstream of the denitrification tower 1. The decarbonization tower 5 is provided with a second turbulence component 6 and a second spraying mechanism 7 arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The second turbulence component 6 includes a support structure and an orifice plate 601 supported by the support structure. The second spraying mechanism 7 can spray decarbonization liquid downwards.

[0020] The decarbonization tower 5 is connected in series downstream of the denitrification tower 1. The exhaust gas from the denitrification tower 1 first enters the decarbonization tower 5 and passes upward through the second turbulence component 6. The orifice plate 601 in the component can initially distribute the airflow evenly and generate turbulence, creating favorable conditions for subsequent gas-liquid reactions. The orifice plate 601 can trap the decarbonization liquid sprayed later. Under the action of gravity, the decarbonization liquid is forced downward through the orifice plate 601 and comes into contact with the upward airflow, forming the first decarbonization treatment. The gas continues to rise and comes into countercurrent contact with the decarbonization liquid film or droplets formed by the downward spraying second spraying mechanism 7, forming the second decarbonization treatment. The turbulence generated by the orifice plate 601 can greatly increase the gas-liquid contact area and mass transfer efficiency, thereby efficiently absorbing carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas.

[0021] In practical applications, the inlet diameter of the contraction section 4011 is smaller than the diameter of the first turbulence module 401. The lower port of the first turbulence module 401 is annular, and its end face is provided with several catalyst pores, which encourages some gas to re-enter the catalyst pores, thereby improving the denitrification efficiency.

[0022] In practical applications, the length of the contraction section 4011 is 60%-80% of that of the diffusion section 4013. This optimizes the structural proportions of the Venturi cavity. A shorter contraction section 4011 and a relatively longer diffusion section 4013 allow the gas to accelerate rapidly through the contraction section 4011, and then fully decelerate, expand, and form a stable, strong vortex region within the longer diffusion section 4013. This extends the effective mixing and reaction time, thereby achieving the optimal balance between energy consumption and efficiency.

[0023] In practical applications, the orifice plate 601 has an opening ratio of 35%-50%. This design is mainly used to balance airflow resistance and turbulence generation effect; if the opening ratio is too high, the turbulence effect will be insufficient, and if it is too low, the system pressure drop will be too large; controlling the opening ratio within the range of 35%-50% is beneficial to ensure that the orifice plate 601 can fully cut and disperse the airflow while maintaining reasonable system resistance, generating turbulence of sufficient intensity, and providing ideal airflow conditions for subsequent efficient countercurrent contact mass transfer with the decarbonization liquid.

[0024] In practical applications, the first spraying mechanism 2 includes a main spray pipe 201, branch spray pipes 202, and nozzles 203, with the nozzles 203 evenly arranged on several branch spray pipes 202. Through the network design and uniformly distributed nozzles 203, a curtain of upward-spraying denitrification droplets with comprehensive coverage and uniform density can be formed on the cross-section of the denitrification tower 1. This structure helps ensure that the exhaust gas can have sufficient and uniform initial contact and reaction with the denitrification liquid before entering the catalyst layer and turbulence components, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of the reactant.

[0025] In practical applications, a demister 8 is also provided, which is located above the second spray mechanism 7 and spaced apart. The demister 8 is used to capture and remove decarbonization liquid droplets carried in the exhaust gas after passing through the second spray mechanism 7 in the decarbonization tower 5. This arrangement helps prevent the absorbent liquid from being discharged into the atmosphere with the purified exhaust gas, which reduces the consumption of absorbent and operating costs, avoids secondary pollution to the atmospheric environment, and protects downstream equipment such as induced draft fans from droplet corrosion and scaling.

[0026] In practical applications, the distance between the second turbulence component 6, the second spray mechanism 7, and the demister 8 is 0.8m-1.2m. This distance provides sufficient space for airflow distribution, gas-liquid reaction, and droplet separation. It helps ensure that the gas can fully develop turbulence and efficiently mix with the sprayed droplets after passing through the orifice plate 601 for turbulence. At the same time, it provides sufficient space for the reacted airflow to allow some large droplets to settle naturally, and allows the airflow to enter the demister 8 with a stable and uniform flow field for final fine separation. Thus, while ensuring high processing efficiency, the compactness of the tower structure is maintained.

[0027] In practical applications, the support structure includes an annular support member 602 and a support beam 603 that penetrates the decarbonization tower 5, which are used to support the edge and center of the orifice plate 601, respectively, and can effectively prevent the orifice plate 601 from deforming, vibrating or collapsing under the impact of high-speed airflow.

[0028] In summary, the integrated denitrification and decarbonization turbulence component for ship exhaust gas described in this invention can actively and efficiently enhance airflow turbulence within the tower, strengthen the mass transfer process, and achieve clean emissions with high efficiency and low energy consumption.

[0029] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept and characteristics of the present invention, intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand and implement the invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated turbulence-disrupting component for ship exhaust gas denitrification and decarbonization, characterized in that: include: A denitrification tower (1) is a cylindrical body with bottom inlet and top outlet. Inside the denitrification tower (1), from bottom to top, are arranged a first spray mechanism (2), a denitrification catalyst (3), and a first turbulence assembly (4). The first spray mechanism (2) sprays denitrification liquid from bottom to top. The denitrification catalyst (3) is located above the first spray mechanism (2) and spaced apart. The first turbulence assembly (4) is located above the denitrification catalyst (3) and spaced apart. The first turbulence assembly (4) consists of multiple first turbulence modules (401) and a sealing plate (…). Composed of 402), the first turbulence module (401) is a long cylindrical shape, the first turbulence module (401) is made of catalyst material, the main body of the first turbulence module (401) is provided with several densely distributed vertically penetrating air channels, and the interior is provided with vertically penetrating cavities, the cavities are divided from bottom to top into a contraction section (4011), an equal diameter section (4012), and a diffusion section (4013), the sealing plate (402) is used to seal the gaps between the first turbulence modules (401) and between the first turbulence module (401) and the denitrification tower (1); The decarbonization tower (5) is a cylindrical body with bottom inlet and top outlet, connected in series downstream of the denitrification tower (1). The decarbonization tower (5) is provided with a second turbulence component (6) and a second spraying mechanism (7) arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The second turbulence component (6) includes a support structure and an orifice plate (601) supported by the support structure. The second spraying mechanism (7) can spray decarbonization liquid downwards.

2. The integrated denitrification and decarbonization turbulence assembly for ship exhaust gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet diameter of the contraction section (4011) is smaller than the diameter of the first turbulence module (401).

3. The integrated denitrification and decarbonization turbulence assembly for ship exhaust gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the contraction section (4011) is 60%-80% of that of the diffusion section (4013).

4. The integrated turbulence component for denitrification and decarbonization of ship exhaust gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The perforation rate of the perforated plate (601) is 35%-50%.

5. The integrated turbulence-dissipating component for ship exhaust gas denitrification and decarbonization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first spraying mechanism (2) includes a main spray pipe (201), a branch spray pipe (202), and a nozzle (203), wherein the nozzle (203) is evenly arranged on a plurality of branch spray pipes (202).

6. The integrated turbulence component for denitrification and decarbonization of ship exhaust gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: A demister (8) is also provided, which is located above the second spraying mechanism (7) and is spaced apart.

7. The integrated denitrification and decarbonization turbulence assembly for ship exhaust gas according to claim 6, characterized in that: The distance between the second turbulence component (6), the second spray mechanism (7), and the demister (8) is 0.8m-1.2m.

8. The integrated denitrification and decarbonization turbulence assembly for ship exhaust gas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support structure includes an annular support member (602) and a support beam (603) that penetrates the decarbonization tower (5), which are used to support the edge and center of the orifice plate (601), respectively.

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