A light-weight and small-sized helical hole milling device and a hole milling method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of helical hole milling, and particularly relates to a light and small helical hole milling device and a hole milling method, a revolution mechanism is installed on a bottom plate, an axial feeding mechanism is installed on the bottom plate and is oppositely arranged with the revolution mechanism, a rotation mechanism is installed on the axial feeding mechanism and is driven by the axial feeding mechanism to perform axial displacement and is used for driving a cutter to rotate at a high speed around an axis of the cutter to perform cutting; a main shaft penetrates through the revolution mechanism coaxially and can slide along an axial direction relative to the revolution mechanism; the revolution mechanism is used for driving the main shaft to perform eccentric revolution around a revolution center to form a hole diameter of a to-be-processed assembly hole; the axial feeding mechanism is used for driving the rotation mechanism and the main shaft to move along the axial direction to realize cutting feeding; the feeding mechanism and the revolution mechanism are formed in a split type to make a radial dimension and an axial dimension of the whole device smaller than those of the prior art, and the quality is smaller, and the device is more suitable for narrow spaces or special-shaped spaces; and a cooling mechanism improves hole processing quality and ensures motion stability.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of helical milling, and in particular to a light and small helical milling device and a milling method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, the aerospace field has developed rapidly, and the assembly hole making is a key link in the manufacture of aircraft and large aircraft. Its efficiency directly restricts the assembly period, and the quality is a core factor affecting the fatigue resistance of the connected structure. The traditional drilling technology has many inherent defects and has been difficult to adapt to the needs of aviation manufacturing: for titanium alloy with poor thermal conductivity, high temperature generated by continuous cutting easily leads to tool wear and failure, and high temperature cutting close to the hole wall easily causes scratches; for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials, large axial cutting force easily causes fatal defects such as delamination, tearing and burr; at the same time, when facing a large number of complex hole processing, frequent tool changing operation also seriously restricts the production efficiency.

[0003] Under this background, the helical milling technology gradually replaces the traditional drilling technology and becomes the core application technology in the aircraft assembly process with the significant advantages of small axial cutting force, strong universality and high processing quality, and has been highly valued by domestic and foreign aviation manufacturing industry and research institutes.

[0004] The existing Chinese patent CN201410334409.7 discloses a helical milling device, which includes a revolution system, a rotation system, an eccentricity adjusting system and a feeding system. When working, the feeding motor drives the feeding screw to move the feeding nut axially, and then synchronously drives the revolution system, the rotation system and the eccentricity adjusting system to complete the axial feeding. However, this technical solution has obvious limitations:

[0005] On the one hand, the feeding system needs to drive the entire device to move axially, resulting in large radial volume, long axial size and heavy weight of the device, which is only suitable for working conditions with sufficient processing space and cannot adapt to the hole making requirements in narrow space or special-shaped space;

[0006] On the other hand, the rotation mechanism and the revolution mechanism of the device are arranged in an overlapping manner, which makes the height size of the output end of the main shaft high, further limiting the working applicability of the device in small space and special-shaped space. SUMMARY

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to solve the problems existing in the prior art in the above background technology, and to provide a light and small helical milling device with small output end volume and light weight, and a milling method.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present application to solve the technical problem is: a light and small helical milling device, comprising

[0009] A base plate is a rigid platform for mounting, positioning and connecting the revolution mechanism, the rotation mechanism and the axial feed mechanism, and ensures the relative position accuracy between the components;

[0010] A tool is a terminal tool for completing the hole making task, which directly acts on the assembly hole to be machined and removes material through its cutting edge. The internal cooling channel is used to introduce cooling medium to reduce the cutting temperature.

[0011] A revolution mechanism is installed on the base plate to provide a fixed rotation center.

[0012] An axial feed mechanism is installed on the base plate and arranged opposite to the revolution mechanism to provide linear feed motion parallel to the rotation center axis.

[0013] A rotation mechanism is installed on the axial feed mechanism and driven by the axial feed mechanism to perform axial displacement, and is used to drive the tool to rotate at high speed around its own axis to perform cutting.

[0014] The rotation mechanism includes a main shaft, the front end of the main shaft is installed with the tool as a motion carrier, which needs to withstand eccentric rotation motion from the revolution mechanism, linear motion from the axial feed mechanism and cutting motion from the rotation mechanism.

[0015] The main shaft is coaxially penetrated through the revolution mechanism and can slide axially relative to the revolution mechanism.

[0016] The revolution mechanism is used to drive the main shaft to perform eccentric revolution motion around the rotation center to form the hole diameter of the assembly hole to be machined.

[0017] The axial feed mechanism is used to drive the rotation mechanism together with the main shaft to move axially to realize cutting feed.

[0018] Further, the rotation mechanism further includes

[0019] A rotation motor is used to output rotary power to drive the tool to rotate at high speed around its own axis, which is a power source for generating cutting action.

[0020] A drive shaft is connected to the output end of the rotation motor, and is a power transmission medium for transmitting the rotary power of the rotation motor to the universal joint coupling.

[0021] A universal joint coupling is connected to one end of the main shaft and the other end of the drive shaft, which is used to compensate for the axis offset between the main shaft and the drive shaft during revolution motion, and ensures that the rotary power can be continuously and smoothly transmitted to the high-speed rotating main shaft with complex trajectory.

[0022] The rotation motor transmits the rotating power to the main shaft through the driving shaft and the universal joint in sequence, so as to drive the main shaft and the cutter installed on the output end of the main shaft to rotate at high speed around the main shaft axis.

[0023] Further, the revolution mechanism comprises

[0024] The shell is installed on the bottom plate and constitutes a support shell of the revolution mechanism;

[0025] The revolution motor is installed on the shell through the motor fixing plate and provides power for driving the main shaft to perform eccentric revolution;

[0026] The inner eccentric sleeve is located in the inner cavity of the shell and is sleeved on the main shaft;

[0027] The outer eccentric sleeve is located in the inner cavity of the shell and is sleeved on the inner eccentric sleeve, and the inner eccentric sleeve and the outer eccentric sleeve are matched through the eccentric structure to adjust and lock the eccentricity of the main shaft relative to the revolution center of the revolution mechanism;

[0028] The inner eccentric sleeve and the outer eccentric sleeve have a sleeve nesting combination with a specific eccentric amount, and through relative rotation, a total eccentricity that determines the radius of the revolution track of the main shaft and the cutter is vectorially synthesized and locked, thereby directly determining the hole diameter of the to-be-processed assembly hole;

[0029] The first transmission mechanism is installed at one end of the output end of the revolution motor and at the other end of the outer eccentric sleeve, and the revolution motor drives the outer eccentric sleeve to rotate through the first transmission mechanism, thereby driving the inner eccentric sleeve and the main shaft to perform eccentric revolution around the revolution center of the revolution mechanism.

[0030] Further, the first transmission mechanism is a synchronous belt transmission mechanism or a gear transmission mechanism, which transmits the power of the revolution motor to the outer eccentric sleeve to drive it to rotate.

[0031] Further, the axial feeding mechanism comprises

[0032] The axial feeding motor is installed on the bottom plate and provides power for driving the rotation mechanism, the cutter to move linearly in the axial direction;

[0033] The second transmission mechanism is in transmission connection with the output end of the axial feeding motor, and accurately converts the rotating motion of the axial feeding motor into the linear motion of the connecting seat;

[0034] The connecting seat is installed on the output end of the second transmission mechanism, and the rotation motor in the rotation mechanism is installed on the connecting seat.

[0035] The power outputted by the axial feeding motor is converted into linear motion by the second transmission mechanism, and drives the connecting seat and the self-rotation mechanism thereon to reciprocate along a direction parallel to the axis of the main shaft, so as to realize axial feeding.

[0036] Further, the second transmission mechanism is a screw-nut transmission mechanism, which comprises

[0037] a screw, the axis of which is parallel to the axis of the main shaft in the self-rotation mechanism, and one end of which is connected with the output end of the axial feeding motor;

[0038] a screw nut, which is sleeved on the screw and threadedly cooperates with the screw, and the screw and the screw nut are responsible for motion conversion;

[0039] a guide rail, which is parallel to the screw and is installed on the bottom plate and located on both sides of the screw;

[0040] a sliding block, which is installed on the guide rail and slides along the guide rail, and the guide rail and the sliding block are used to bear radial force, so as to ensure high precision and stability of movement;

[0041] the connecting seat is simultaneously installed on the sliding block and the screw nut, the axial feeding motor drives the screw to rotate, and in turn drives the screw nut, the connecting seat and the self-rotation mechanism to move linearly along the guide rail.

[0042] Further, a stepped hole is formed in the connecting seat and penetrates the connecting seat along the axial direction of the connecting seat

[0043] The stepped hole is located at the upper part of the connecting seat, a bearing is installed in the stepped hole, and the output shaft of the self-rotation motor in the self-rotation mechanism and the driving shaft in the self-rotation mechanism are rotatably arranged in the stepped hole;

[0044] A through hole is located at the lower part of the connecting seat, and the screw nut in the second transmission mechanism is located inside the through hole.

[0045] Further, a cooling mechanism is further included for cooling the tool, and the cooling mechanism comprises

[0046] a first channel, which is arranged at the axial center of the main shaft and communicates with a cooling channel arranged in the interior of the tool, and the first channel and the cooling channel constitute a closed flow passage from the interior of the main shaft to the cutting edge of the tool, so as to guide the cooling medium to accurately reach the high-temperature cutting area;

[0047] a connecting block, which is provided with a through hole for the main shaft to pass through along the axial direction of the connecting block;

[0048] a second channel, which is arranged in the interior of the connecting block, and the first channel and the second channel are through;

[0049] A fluid reservoir is mounted on the connecting block, and its output end is communicated with one end of the second channel, and it is externally connected with a power mechanism to provide power for the delivery of the cooling medium.

[0050] Further, a rotation prevention mechanism is provided to prevent the connecting block from rotating with the revolution mechanism, and the rotation prevention mechanism comprises

[0051] A rotation prevention rod is provided, one end of which is connected with the connecting seat in the revolution mechanism, and the other end is provided with a U-shaped slot;

[0052] A limiting pin is vertically arranged on the connecting block in the cooling mechanism, and the free end of the limiting pin is inserted into the U-shaped slot of the rotation prevention rod and is in clearance fit with the U-shaped slot.

[0053] A hole milling method of a spiral hole milling device, comprising a light and small spiral hole milling device according to any one of the preceding claims, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0054] Step 1: According to the target diameter of the hole to be machined, the inner eccentric sleeve and the outer eccentric sleeve in the revolution mechanism are combined in vector and locked with a total eccentricity E, so as to set the revolution radius of the main shaft;

[0055] Step 2: Position the device so that the tool axis is aligned with the hole to be machined, and then start the rotation motor in the rotation mechanism, the revolution motor in the revolution mechanism and the axial feeding motor in the axial feeding mechanism in sequence;

[0056] Step 3: The rotation motor in the rotation mechanism drives the tool to rotate at high speed around its own axis;

[0057] At the same time, the revolution motor in the revolution mechanism drives the outer eccentric sleeve in the revolution mechanism to rotate through the first transmission mechanism in the revolution mechanism, and in turn drives the main shaft to make eccentric revolution motion around a fixed revolution center;

[0058] At the same time, the axial feeding motor in the axial feeding mechanism drives the rotation mechanism to make linear feeding motion along the main shaft axis direction through the second transmission mechanism in the axial feeding mechanism;

[0059] The combination of high-speed rotation, eccentric revolution and linear feeding into a spiral line track makes the tool perform spiral milling on the assembly hole to be machined;

[0060] Step 4: In the spiral hole milling step of step 3, the cooling mechanism and the rotation prevention mechanism are used to perform cooling and rotation prevention operations synchronously;

[0061] Step 5: When the predetermined hole depth is reached, the axial feeding motor in the axial feeding mechanism drives the rotation mechanism to exit reversely, and all the motors are stopped, and the hole making is completed.

[0062] Advantages of the present application:

[0063] 1) Significantly improve the adaptability of narrow / odd-shaped space, by optimizing the arrangement form of the rotation mechanism and the revolution mechanism, greatly reduce the height size of the main shaft output end, at the same time simplify the integrated structure of the feeding mechanism and the functional module, reduce the radial volume and axial length of the device, reduce the overall weight, so that it can flexibly extend into the cavity of the parts to be processed, the narrow gap of the parts, and the areas that the traditional device cannot reach, successfully adapt to the hole making operation of the odd-shaped space and compact work station;

[0064] 2) After reducing the volume and weight of the device, it is more convenient to install and debug, and the operation work station can be quickly switched, reducing the device adjustment time in complex space; at the same time, the optimized structure has high transmission precision and stable feeding, and cooperates with the advantages of spiral hole milling technology without frequent tool changing, further shortening the machining cycle of complex hole system, reducing the manual operation strength, and indirectly improving the work efficiency;

[0065] 3) The cooling mechanism realizes the cooling of the tool and the material to be processed, and has excellent inhibition effect on the thermal damage caused by the poor thermal conductivity of materials such as titanium alloy and composite materials during the machining process, and improves the hole making quality;

[0066] 4) The anti-rotation rod with U-shaped groove cooperates with the limit pin to limit the rotation of the connecting block and its internal parts with the revolution mechanism, ensuring the stability of the movement of the whole device and reducing the vibration. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0067] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and examples.

[0068] Figure 1 is a perspective view of the present application;

[0069] Figure 2 is a front view of the axial feeding mechanism of the present application at the initial position;

[0070] Figure 3 is a front view of the axial feeding mechanism of the present application at the maximum feeding amount;

[0071] Figure 4 is Figure 3 the enlarged view of A in the figure;

[0072] Figure: 1, tool,

[0073] 3, inner eccentric sleeve, 4, outer eccentric sleeve, 5, first rolling bearing, 6, shell, 7, first synchronous wheel, 8, motor fixing plate, 9, revolution motor, 10, second synchronous wheel, 17, sliding bearing,

[0074] 2, main shaft, 11, universal joint coupling, 12, drive shaft, 13, rotation motor,

[0075] 14, feed motor, 15, connecting seat, 21, screw nut, 22, screw, 23, guide rail, 24, sliding block,

[0076] 16, bottom plate,

[0077] 18, anti-rotation rod, 19, limit pin,

[0078] 20, sealing element, 25, fluid reservoir, 26, second passage, 27, first passage, 28, connecting block, 29, second rolling bearing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0079] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic illustrations of the basic structure of the present application and therefore only show the components relevant to the present application.

[0080] As Figures 1-4 shown in a light weight and small size spiral hole milling device, comprising

[0081] bottom plate 16,

[0082] cutter 1, the inside of the cutter 1 has a cooling channel, the cutter 1 end is provided with a cooling hole communicated with the cooling channel;

[0083] revolving mechanism, mounted on the bottom plate 16, to provide a fixed rotation center;

[0084] axial feed mechanism, mounted on the bottom plate 16, opposite to the revolving mechanism, to provide a linear feed motion parallel to the rotation center axis;

[0085] rotation mechanism, mounted on the axial feed mechanism and driven by the axial feed mechanism to move axially, for driving the cutter 1 to rotate at high speed around its own axis to cut;

[0086] wherein the rotation mechanism comprises a main shaft 2, the main shaft 2 coaxially penetrates the revolving mechanism and can slide axially relative to the revolving mechanism;

[0087] the revolving mechanism is used to drive the main shaft 2 to make eccentric revolving motion around the rotation center to form the hole diameter of the assembly hole to be machined;

[0088] the axial feed mechanism is used to drive the rotation mechanism together with the main shaft 2 to move axially to realize the cutting feed.

[0089] From Figure 1As can be seen, compared with the prior art structure that the axial mechanism drives the rotation mechanism and the revolution mechanism to move axially, the revolution mechanism and the rotation mechanism are in a split structure, and the axial feeding mechanism only needs to drive the rotation mechanism to feed, so that the radial size of the output end of the main shaft 2 is smaller, which is suitable for machining working conditions with narrow space size or special-shaped space, and effectively reduces the overall power consumption

[0090] Moreover, since the feeding mechanism and the revolution mechanism are located at opposite positions of the bottom plate 16, the radial size and the axial size of the whole device are smaller than those of the prior art, and the mass is smaller, which is more suitable for narrow space or special-shaped space.

[0091] As shown in Figure 2 , the rotation mechanism further comprises

[0092] a rotation motor 13 for outputting rotary power;

[0093] a driving shaft 12, the input end of which is connected with the output end of the rotation motor 13;

[0094] a universal joint coupling 11, one end of which is connected with the main shaft 2, and the other end of which is connected with the driving shaft 12, for compensating the axial offset between the main shaft 2 and the driving shaft 12 during the revolution of the main shaft 2;

[0095] The rotation motor 13 transmits the rotary power to the main shaft 2 through the driving shaft 12 and the universal joint coupling 11 in sequence, so as to drive the main shaft 2 and the cutter 1 installed at the output end of the main shaft 2 to rotate at high speed around the main shaft axis.

[0096] Meanwhile, the universal joint coupling 11 is used to connect the rotation motor 13 and the main shaft 2, and the two end connecting parts are not on the same axis by using the structural characteristics of the universal joint coupling 11 (that is, the rotation power can be transmitted axially on one hand, and the position change of the main shaft 2 caused by the revolution of the revolution mechanism can be adapted on the other hand).

[0097] As shown in Figure 2 , the revolution mechanism comprises

[0098] an outer shell 6, which is installed on the bottom plate 16 and constitutes a support shell of the revolution mechanism;

[0099] a revolution motor 9, which is installed on the outer shell 6 through a motor fixing plate 8;

[0100] an inner eccentric sleeve 3, which is located in the inner cavity of the outer shell 6 and is sleeved on the main shaft 2 through a sliding bearing 17, and is used for sliding axially relative to the revolution mechanism;

[0101] an outer eccentric sleeve 4, which is rotatably arranged in the inner cavity of the outer shell 6 through a first rolling bearing 5 and is sleeved on the inner eccentric sleeve 3, and the inner eccentric sleeve 3 and the outer eccentric sleeve 4 are matched through an eccentric structure, which is used for adjusting and locking the eccentricity of the main shaft 2 relative to the revolution center of the revolution mechanism;

[0102] Two first rolling bearings 5 are installed at both ends of the outer eccentric sleeve 4, and a shaft sleeve is sleeved on the outer eccentric sleeve 4 between the two first rolling bearings 5, for limiting the axial position of the first rolling bearings 5;

[0103] The first transmission mechanism is installed at one end of the output end of the revolution motor 9 and at the other end of the outer eccentric sleeve 4. The revolution motor 9 drives the outer eccentric sleeve 4 to rotate through the first transmission mechanism, and in turn drives the inner eccentric sleeve 3 and the main shaft 2 to make eccentric revolution motion around the revolution center of the revolution mechanism.

[0104] The inner eccentric sleeve 3 and the outer eccentric sleeve 4 are both eccentric sleeves, and the locking device is used to lock and unlock the two, for normal processing and eccentric adjustment, respectively. The locking device is a conventional structure, which is not shown in the figure and will not be described here.

[0105] In addition, the motor fixing plate 8 is installed on the shell 6. The motor fixing plate 8 is in the shape of "7". The horizontal edge of the motor fixing plate 8 is fixedly connected with the shell 6. The vertical edge of the motor fixing plate 8 is provided with a through hole. The revolution motor 9 is fixed outside the vertical edge of the motor fixing plate 8, and the output shaft thereof penetrates through the through hole and is connected with the input end of the first transmission mechanism. The output end of the first transmission mechanism is fixedly connected with the outer contour surface of the outer eccentric sleeve 4, and drives the outer eccentric sleeve 4 to rotate.

[0106] The first transmission mechanism is a synchronous belt transmission mechanism or a gear transmission mechanism.

[0107] Specifically, when the first transmission mechanism is a synchronous belt transmission mechanism, it includes a first synchronous wheel 7, a second synchronous wheel 10 and a synchronous belt. The first synchronous wheel 7 is fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the revolution motor 9. The second synchronous wheel 10 is fixedly sleeved on the outer contour surface of the outer eccentric sleeve 4. The first synchronous wheel 7 and the second synchronous wheel 10 are drivingly connected through the synchronous belt.

[0108] When the first transmission mechanism is a gear transmission mechanism, it includes a first gear and a second gear. The first gear is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the revolution motor 9. The second gear is fixedly sleeved on the outer contour surface of the outer eccentric sleeve 4. The first gear and the second gear are drivingly engaged.

[0109] As shown in FIG. 1, the axial feeding mechanism includes Figures 1-2

[0110] The axial feeding motor 14 is installed on the bottom plate 16.

[0111] The second transmission mechanism is drivingly connected at the input end with the output end of the axial feeding motor 14.

[0112] The connecting seat 15 is installed on the output end of the second transmission mechanism. The revolution motor 13 of the revolution mechanism is installed on the connecting seat 15. ​

[0113] The power outputted by the axial feed motor 14 is converted into linear motion by the second transmission mechanism, and drives the connecting seat 15 and the rotation mechanism thereon to reciprocate along the direction parallel to the axis of the main shaft 2, so as to realize axial feed.

[0114] As shown in the figure, the second transmission mechanism is a screw-nut transmission mechanism, which comprises Figures 1-2

[0115] A screw rod 22, whose axis is parallel to the axis of the main shaft 2 in the rotation mechanism, and one end of which is connected with the output end of the axial feed motor 14;

[0116] A screw-nut 21, which is sleeved on the screw rod 22 and threadedly cooperates with the screw rod 22;

[0117] A guide rail 23, which is parallel to the screw rod 22 and is installed on the bottom plate 16 and located on both sides of the screw rod 22, and guides the axial feed mechanism through the guide rail 23 to ensure its movement stability;

[0118] A sliding block 24, which is installed on the guide rail 23 and slides along the guide rail 23;

[0119] The connecting seat 15 is installed on the sliding block 24 and the screw-nut 21 at the same time, and the axial feed motor 14 drives the screw rod 22 to rotate, thereby driving the screw-nut 21, the connecting seat 15 and the rotation mechanism to move linearly along the guide rail 23.

[0120] As shown in the figure, a stepped hole is formed in the connecting seat 15 and penetrates along the axial direction of the connecting seat 15, Figure 2

[0121] The stepped hole is located at the upper part of the connecting seat 15, and a bearing is installed in the stepped hole, and the output shaft of the rotation motor 13 in the rotation mechanism and the driving shaft 12 in the rotation mechanism are rotatably arranged in the stepped hole;

[0122] A through hole is located at the lower part of the connecting seat 15, and the screw-nut 21 in the second transmission mechanism is located inside the through hole.

[0123] As shown in the figure, the tool 1 further comprises a cooling mechanism, which realizes cooling and temperature reduction of the tool 1 and the material to be machined by a cooling device, has excellent inhibition effect on thermal damage caused by the machining process of materials with poor thermal conductivity such as titanium alloy and composite materials, improves the hole making quality, and the cooling mechanism comprises Figures 2-3

[0124] A first channel 27, which is arranged at the axial center of the main shaft 2 and communicates with the cooling channel arranged in the inside of the tool 1;

[0125] ​​​The connecting block 28 is provided with a through hole for the main shaft 2 to pass through along the axial direction, and the contact position of the connecting block 28 with the main shaft 2 is provided with a sealing element 20 and a second rolling bearing 29 to provide sealing between the non-rotating contact surface of the connecting block 28 with the main shaft 2 and prevent the cooling medium from leaking laterally.

[0126] The second channel 26 is arranged inside the connecting block 28, and the first channel 27 penetrates the second channel 26;

[0127] The fluid reservoir 25 is mounted on the right side of the connecting block 28, and the output end thereof is in communication with one end of the second channel 26 and is externally connected to a power mechanism to provide power for conveying the cooling medium, wherein the cooling medium can be any one or more of compressed air, cooling liquid, water, or liquid nitrogen.

[0128] Specifically, the cooling medium enters the second channel 26 through the fluid reservoir 25, then flows into the first channel 27, and finally enters the cooling channel of the tool 1 through the cooling hole to achieve cooling of the tool 1 and the material to be machined, thereby having excellent inhibitory effect on thermal damage caused by the machining process of materials with poor thermal conductivity such as titanium alloy and composite materials, and improving the hole making quality.

[0129] As shown in Figures 1-2 , the device further comprises an anti-rotation mechanism, which comprises

[0130] The anti-rotation rod 18 is connected at one end to the connecting seat 15 of the revolving mechanism and is provided at the other end with a U-shaped groove;

[0131] The limiting pin 19 is vertically arranged on the connecting block 28 of the cooling mechanism, and the free end of the limiting pin 19 is inserted into the U-shaped groove of the anti-rotation rod 18 and is in clearance fit with the U-shaped groove. The anti-rotation rod 18 with the U-shaped groove cooperates with the limiting pin 19 to limit the connecting block 28 and the internal parts thereof from following the revolving mechanism to rotate greatly, thereby ensuring the motion stability of the entire device and reducing vibration.

[0132] A hole milling method of a spiral hole milling device, comprising a lightweight and miniaturized spiral hole milling device according to any one of the preceding devices, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0133] Step 1: install the tool 1 (standard milling cutter) in the tool shank at the front end of the main shaft 2;

[0134] According to the target hole diameter, calculate the required eccentricity: by relatively rotating the inner eccentric sleeve 3 and the outer eccentric sleeve 4, the eccentricities of the two are vectorially combined to accurately set the total eccentricity (i.e., the revolving radius E);

[0135] Lock the relative position of the eccentric sleeves; at this time, the assembly hole diameter to be machined is determined: D1 = D2 + 2E; in the formula, D1 is the assembly hole diameter to be machined, D2 is the diameter of the milling cutter, and E is the total eccentricity.

[0136] Step 2: move the entire device or the assembly hole to be processed to align the axis of the cutter 1 with the assembly hole to be processed, and then start the revolution motor 13, the revolution motor 9 and the axial feed motor 14 in turn;

[0137] Step 3: the revolution motor 13 is started, and the main shaft 2 and the cutter 1 are driven to rotate at high speed by the driving shaft 12 and the universal joint coupling 11, and the cutting motion is performed;

[0138] The revolution motor 9 is started, and the outer eccentric sleeve 4 is driven to rotate by the first transmission mechanism, and in turn drives the main shaft 2 to perform eccentric revolution motion around a fixed center of revolution, and completes the macro aperture forming;

[0139] The axial feed motor 14 is started, and the connecting seat 15 is driven to drive the entire revolution mechanism to feed stably in the axial direction, and the depth cutting is completed;

[0140] At this time, the combined motion trajectory of the cutting edge of the cutter 1 is a spiral line, realizing spiral milling of turning, winding and downward at the same time;

[0141] Step 4: At the same time, the cooling mechanism and the anti-rotation mechanism are used to perform cooling and anti-rotation operations in the spiral milling hole step of step 3, specifically: the cooling medium is transmitted by the fluid storage 25 to realize dynamic sealing, and then passes through the second channel 26, the first channel 27 and the cooling channel to reach the cutting edge of the cutter 1, and then performs cooling to ensure the processing quality and the tool life;

[0142] At the same time, the anti-rotation rod 18 on the connecting seat 15 cooperates with the U-shaped groove of the fixed limiting pin 19 to limit the connecting block 28 and the internal parts thereof from following the revolution mechanism to rotate greatly, so as to ensure the motion stability of the entire device and reduce vibration;

[0143] Step 5: when the cutter 1 reaches the predetermined hole depth, the axial feed mechanism is reversely moved to drive the revolution mechanism to exit reversely, and the revolution mechanism and the revolution mechanism are stopped, and the processing is completed.

[0144] Finally, a high-quality connecting hole with accurate size (guaranteed by the revolution radius), good roundness, high surface quality (guaranteed by the revolution milling and cooling), and no burr and layering (guaranteed by the low axial force process) is obtained.

[0145] Based on the above ideal embodiments according to the present application, through the above description, relevant personnel can make various changes and modifications without deviating from the technical idea of the present application. The technical scope of the present application is not limited to the contents in the specification, and must be determined by the scope of claims.

Claims

1. A lightweight and miniaturized spiral milling device, characterized in that: include Base plate (16) Knife (1) The revolution mechanism is mounted on the base plate (16) to provide a fixed center of rotation; An axial feed mechanism is mounted on the base plate (16) and is arranged opposite to the revolution mechanism to provide linear feed motion along a axis parallel to the rotation center axis; The self-rotating mechanism is installed on the axial feed mechanism and driven by the axial feed mechanism to perform axial displacement, which is used to drive the tool (1) to rotate at high speed around its own axis for cutting. The self-rotation mechanism includes a main shaft (2), which coaxially passes through the revolution mechanism and can slide axially relative to the revolution mechanism; The revolution mechanism is used to drive the spindle (2) to make an eccentric revolution around the rotation center to form the diameter of the assembly hole to be processed; The axial feed mechanism is used to drive the rotation mechanism together with the spindle (2) to move axially to achieve cutting feed; It also includes a cooling mechanism, which includes... The first channel (27) is located at the axial center of the spindle (2) and is connected to the cooling channel located inside the tool (1); The connecting block (28) has a through hole along its axial direction for the main shaft (2) to pass through; The second channel (26) is located inside the connecting block (28), and the first channel (27) communicates with the second channel (26); A fluid storage device (25) is mounted on the connecting block (28), and its output end is connected to one end of the second channel (26) and externally connected to a power mechanism to provide power for the delivery of cooling medium. It also includes an anti-rotation mechanism, which includes... The anti-rotation rod (18) has one end connected to the connecting seat (15) in the revolution mechanism, and the other end is provided with a U-shaped groove; The limiting pin (19) is vertically set on the connecting block (28) in the cooling mechanism. The free end of the limiting pin (19) is inserted into the U-shaped groove of the anti-rotation rod (18) and is in clearance fit with the U-shaped groove.

2. The lightweight and miniaturized spiral milling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aforementioned rotation mechanism also includes A self-rotating motor (13) is used to output rotational power; The drive shaft (12) has its input end connected to the output end of the self-rotating motor (13); Universal joint coupling (11), one end of which is connected to the main shaft (2) and the other end of which is connected to the drive shaft (12), is used to compensate for the axial offset between the main shaft (2) and the drive shaft (12) when the main shaft (2) revolves; The self-rotating motor (13) transmits rotational power sequentially to the spindle (2) via the drive shaft (12) and the universal joint coupling (11) to drive the spindle (2) and the tool (1) mounted on its output end to rotate at high speed around the spindle axis.

3. The lightweight and miniaturized spiral milling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aforementioned orbital mechanism includes The outer shell (6) is mounted on the base plate (16) and forms the supporting shell of the revolution mechanism; The orbital motor (9) is mounted on the outer casing (6) via a motor mounting plate (8); An inner eccentric sleeve (3) is located in the inner cavity of the outer shell (6) and is sleeved on the main shaft (2); The outer eccentric sleeve (4) is located in the inner cavity of the outer shell (6) and is sleeved on the inner eccentric sleeve (3). The inner eccentric sleeve (3) and the outer eccentric sleeve (4) are engaged by an eccentric structure to adjust and lock the eccentricity of the main shaft (2) relative to the rotation center of the revolution mechanism. The first transmission mechanism has one end installed at the output end of the revolution motor (9) and the other end installed on the outer eccentric sleeve (4). The revolution motor (9) drives the outer eccentric sleeve (4) to rotate through the first transmission mechanism, thereby driving the inner eccentric sleeve (3) and the main shaft (2) to perform eccentric revolution around the rotation center of the revolution mechanism.

4. The lightweight and miniaturized spiral milling device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first transmission mechanism is a synchronous belt transmission mechanism or a gear transmission mechanism.

5. The lightweight and miniaturized spiral milling device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The axial feed mechanism includes An axial feed motor (14) is mounted on the base plate (16); The second transmission mechanism has its input end connected to the output end of the axial feed motor (14); A connecting seat (15) is installed on the output end of the second transmission mechanism, and the self-rotating motor (13) in the self-rotating mechanism is installed on the connecting seat (15); The power output by the axial feed motor (14) is converted into linear motion through the second transmission mechanism, and drives the connecting seat (15) and the self-rotating mechanism on it to reciprocate in a direction parallel to the axis of the main shaft (2) to achieve axial feed.

6. The lightweight and miniaturized spiral milling device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second transmission mechanism is a lead screw and nut transmission mechanism, including... The lead screw (22) has its axis parallel to the axis of the main shaft (2) in the self-rotating mechanism, and one end of it is connected to the output end of the axial feed motor (14). A lead screw nut (21) is fitted onto the lead screw (22) and threadedly engages with the lead screw (22); The guide rail (23) is parallel to the lead screw (22) and mounted on the base plate (16), and is located on both sides of the lead screw (22); A slider (24) is mounted on the guide rail (23) and slides along the guide rail (23); The connecting seat (15) is installed on both the slider (24) and the lead screw nut (21). The axial feed motor (14) drives the lead screw (22) to rotate, thereby causing the lead screw nut (21), the connecting seat (15) and the rotation mechanism to move linearly along the guide rail (23).

7. The lightweight and miniaturized spiral milling device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The connecting seat (15) has a stepped hole that extends through it along its axial direction. The output shaft of the self-rotating motor (13) in the self-rotating mechanism and the drive shaft (12) in the self-rotating mechanism are rotatably disposed in the stepped hole. Through hole, the lead screw nut (21) in the second transmission mechanism is located inside the through hole.

8. A milling method using a helical milling device, comprising the lightweight and miniaturized helical milling device as described in any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Based on the target diameter of the hole to be processed, the inner eccentric sleeve (3) and the outer eccentric sleeve (4) of the orbital mechanism are vector-combined and locked into a total eccentricity E, thereby setting the orbital radius of the main shaft (2); Step 2: Position the device so that the axis of the tool (1) is aligned with the hole to be processed, and then start the self-rotation motor (13) in the self-rotation mechanism, the revolution motor (9) in the revolution mechanism and the axial feed motor (14) in the axial feed mechanism in sequence. Step 3: The self-rotating motor (13) in the self-rotating mechanism drives the cutting tool (1) to rotate at high speed around its own axis; Meanwhile, the orbital motor (9) in the orbital mechanism drives the outer eccentric sleeve (4) in the orbital mechanism to rotate through the first transmission mechanism in the orbital mechanism, thereby driving the main shaft (2) to make eccentric orbital motion around a fixed rotation center; Meanwhile, the axial feed motor (14) in the axial feed mechanism drives the rotation mechanism to make linear feed motion along the axis of the main shaft (2) through the second transmission mechanism in the axial feed mechanism; The motion of high-speed rotation, eccentric revolution and linear feed is combined into a spiral trajectory, so that the tool (1) performs spiral milling on the assembly hole to be machined; Step 4: In the spiral milling step of step 3, a cooling mechanism and an anti-rotation mechanism are used simultaneously to perform cooling and anti-rotation operations; Step 5: When the predetermined hole depth is reached, the axial feed motor (14) in the axial feed mechanism drives the rotation mechanism to reverse and exit, and stops all motors to complete the hole making.

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