GTAW tungsten electrode intelligent slow-burning and replacing system for additive manufacturing

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of GTAW electric arc additive manufacturing, and is a GTAW tungsten electrode intelligent slow burning and replacement system and method for additive manufacturing. In view of how to slow down the burning loss of the tungsten electrode, quickly and automatically replace the tungsten electrode and other problems in the GTAW electric arc additive manufacturing process, a GTAW tungsten electrode intelligent slow burning and replacement system and method for additive manufacturing are provided. The length of the electric arc is controlled by using a GTAW tungsten electrode intelligent slow burning arc length control method for additive manufacturing. The diameter of the tungsten electrode is selected by using a GTAW intelligent tungsten electrode diameter self-adaptive selection method for additive manufacturing. The extension length of the tungsten electrode is controlled by using a tungsten electrode extension length closed-loop control method based on visual sensing. The burning loss of the tungsten electrode is detected by using a tungsten electrode burning loss real-time detection method based on electric arc and welding wire sensing. The installation and replacement of the tungsten electrode are realized by using a GTAW tungsten electrode intelligent installation and replacement method for additive manufacturing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of GTAW (Ground-Tunnel Arc Additive Manufacturing) and is a GTAW tungsten electrode intelligent slow-burning and replacement system for additive manufacturing. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, GTAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) arc additive manufacturing technology has shown great promise in the customized manufacturing of metal components due to its advantages such as wide material adaptability and flexible forming control. However, in continuous, long-cycle arc additive manufacturing, the tungsten electrode is constantly subjected to high current loads and metal vapor, which can easily lead to burn-off and deformation, resulting in decreased arc stability and deterioration of forming accuracy, severely restricting additive manufacturing efficiency and component performance. To address this, this invention proposes an intelligent slow-burning and replacement system for GTAW tungsten electrodes in additive manufacturing. This system uses sensors to monitor the tungsten electrode and arc status in real time, automatically selects the appropriate tungsten electrode diameter and extension length based on additive manufacturing parameters, controls the arc length to achieve slow burning, and quickly and automatically replaces the electrode after the burn-off threshold is triggered, thereby ensuring arc stability and forming quality in the additive manufacturing process. Summary of the Invention

[0003] A smart slow-burning and replacement system for GTAW (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding electrodes, designed for additive manufacturing, is characterized by comprising: a sliding sleeve system, a welding torch holder, a replaceable and retractable GTAW welding torch, a tungsten electrode storage and replacement mechanism, a wire feeding system, a GTAW welding power supply, a sensing system, and a communication and control system; the sliding sleeve system consists of X-direction guide rails, Y-direction guide rails, and Z-direction guide rails; one end of the welding torch holder is mounted on the Z-direction guide rail and can move along the X, Y, and Z directions, while the other end contains the mounting position for the replaceable and retractable GTAW welding torch and the wire feeding tube slider; the replaceable and retractable GTAW welding torch includes a torch body, a hollow rotating push rod, a clamping rod, a conductive clamping ring, and an electric... The welding torch comprises a magnet, a telescopic rod, a pneumatic-electric integrated interface, a conductive rod, and a nozzle; the inner surface of the torch body has a beveled bore to guide the movement of the tungsten electrode and the tungsten electrode clamp; the tungsten electrode storage and replacement mechanism includes four different diameter tungsten electrode boxes, a recycling box, an electric rotary telescopic mechanism, a tray, and a clearance groove; the tungsten electrode box includes a tungsten electrode box shell, a square spring, and a push plate; the conductive clamping ring includes a conductive clamping ring seat, four clamping blocks, and a spring; the wire feeding system includes a wire feeding tube, a wire feeding tube slider, and a wire feeder; the sensing system consists of a Hall voltage sensor, a high-speed industrial HDR camera, and a data acquisition card; the communication and control system consists of an electrical control cabinet and a control cabinet; the electrical control cabinet is used to distribute and convert external power, supply power to various components, and ensure power safety; the control cabinet receives sensor data and transmits it through a PLC. The system precisely controls welding process parameters, coordinates welding timing, and links various mechanical components. A data exchange channel is established between the sensing system and the communication and control system via a communication bus to acquire data from multiple sensors. The communication and control system controls the sliding table system to move the replaceable and retractable GTAW welding torch in the X, Y, and Z directions. The intelligent slow-burning and replacement system for GTAW tungsten electrodes, designed for additive manufacturing, is as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0004] A GTAW (Tungsten Electrode) Intelligent Slow-Firing and Replacement System for Additive Manufacturing is characterized by: the system utilizes a tungsten electrode storage and replacement mechanism to store tungsten electrodes and replace them within a replaceable and retractable GTAW welding torch; the tungsten electrode holder contains multiple tungsten electrodes of the same diameter with clamps; a square spring pushes a push plate upwards, which in turn pushes a row of tungsten electrodes upwards; the clamp of the topmost tungsten electrode is held in place by the locking teeth of the tungsten electrode holder shell; the system contains four different diameter tungsten electrodes. The cartridges are mounted at a 90° angle to each other outside the replaceable and retractable GTAW welding torch, with the first tungsten electrode and the locking teeth of each cartridge extending into the torch. The electric rotary telescopic mechanism and the tray are mounted outside the torch at a 45° angle to the adjacent cartridges. The axes of the electric rotary telescopic mechanism and the tray are coaxial with the opening on the side of the hollow rotary push rod in the default position. The recycling box is mounted below the electric rotary telescopic mechanism and the tray. The tray is controlled by the electric rotary telescopic mechanism and can retract through the opening on the side of the hollow rotary push rod, as well as rotate around the axis of the electric rotary telescopic mechanism. 360°, with the opening facing upwards when in the default non-extended position; the clearance groove is installed on the outside of the welding torch, forming a 180° angle with the electric rotary telescopic mechanism; the clamping rod of the replaceable and telescopic GTAW welding torch is parallel to the hollow rotary push rod, which encloses the two halves of the clamping rod internally, both of which can retract and rotate 360° around their axis; the conductive clamping ring of the replaceable and telescopic GTAW welding torch is installed on a slide rail below the bore outlet on the inner surface of the welding torch body, and can move along the welding torch axis; the front of the four clamping blocks of the conductive clamping ring is made of copper to achieve... The tungsten electrode holder is conductive, with an iron rear end for magnetic control. The end connects to a conductive clamping ring seat via a spring. One clamping block has a guide groove for the conductive rod in its copper center; contact with the conductive rod supplies power to the tungsten electrode holder. The conductive rod is connected to the GTAW welding power supply via the welding torch's integrated pneumatic-electric interface and is installed below the lowest stroke position of the conductive clamping ring inside the welding torch. An electromagnet is mounted outside the welding torch, with a telescopic rod below it, allowing it to move synchronously with the conductive clamping ring along the welding torch's axis. The electromagnet controls the tightness of the conductive clamping ring by changing the excitation current. Installation details of the replaceable and telescopic tungsten electrode GTAW welding torch and the tungsten electrode storage and replacement mechanism are as follows... Figure 2 As shown, its cross-sectional view is as follows Figure 3 As shown.

[0005] A GTAW (Tungsten Inert Gas) intelligent slow-burning and replacement system for additive manufacturing is characterized in that: the arc length in the GTAW intelligent slow-burning and replacement system is controlled by a GTAW intelligent slow-burning arc length control method; the GTAW intelligent slow-burning arc length control method adjusts the vertical movement of the welding torch clamp through a sensing system and a communication and control system, thereby controlling the arc length; a Hall voltage sensor detects the arc voltage from the tungsten tip to the workpiece. The welding torch moves up and down to make Stay ≤ ≤ The range, so that the arc length is controlled within the corresponding 2 ≤ ≤2.5 Scope; the The diameter of the welding wire. Arc length 2 The corresponding arc voltage, The arc length is 2.5. The corresponding arc voltage, The arc length from the tungsten electrode to the workpiece; the Hall voltage sensor simultaneously detects the arc voltage from the welding wire tip to the workpiece. , = - The welding torch holder and wire feed tube slider move up and down to make = ,and >0, to prevent collisions between the tungsten electrode and the welding wire, and between the welding wire and the workpiece; the The voltage difference corresponds to the distance between the tungsten electrode and the welding wire.

[0006] A GTAW (Tungsten Electrode) Intelligent Slow-Firing and Replacement System for Additive Manufacturing is characterized in that: in this system, the diameter of the tungsten electrode is selected using a GTAW intelligent tungsten electrode diameter adaptive selection method; this method adjusts the replaceable and retractable GTAW welding torch and the tungsten electrode storage and replacement mechanism through a sensing system and a communication and control system to achieve the selection and replacement of the tungsten electrode diameter before and during welding; the four different diameter tungsten electrode holders respectively hold tungsten electrodes with diameters of... , , , tungsten electrode, < < < , respectively used for ≤ < , ≤ < , ≤ < , ≤ < There are a total of 4 current stages; the aforementioned , , , , The diameter of the tungsten electrode used is positively correlated with the welding current for different welding currents. Before welding begins, the tungsten electrode with the corresponding diameter is selected according to the current stage of the initial current, and the corresponding tungsten electrode is installed by a hollow rotating push rod. During the welding process, as the number of additive manufacturing layers increases, the welding current needs to be appropriately reduced to reduce heat accumulation. When the change in welding current needs to span two current stages, the tungsten electrode with the corresponding diameter is quickly replaced by a tungsten electrode storage and replacement mechanism during the interlayer dwell time.

[0007] A GTAW (Tungsten Electrode) Intelligent Slow-Firing and Replacement System for Additive Manufacturing is characterized in that: in this system, the extension length of the tungsten electrode is controlled by a vision-sensing-based closed-loop control method; this method utilizes real-time detection by a high-speed industrial HDR camera and the vertical movement of a conductive clamping ring to achieve closed-loop control of the tungsten electrode extension length; the high-speed industrial HDR camera captures real-time images of the tungsten electrode tip and nozzle, and the tungsten electrode extension length is calculated using an algorithm. ,according to , , , The different diameters of tungsten electrodes Set in respectively , , , And use an electromagnet to adjust the appropriate opening of the conductive clamping ring; the =6mm =7mm =8mm, =9mm; Before welding begins, the conductive clamping ring grips the tungsten electrode clamp and moves downwards synchronously with the external electromagnet. When the high-speed industrial HDR camera detects... Stop when the set value is reached; during the welding process, when the high-speed industrial HDR camera detects... When a change occurs, the conductive clamping ring moves up and down to... Control it within the set value.

[0008] A GTAW (Tungsten Electrode) Intelligent Slow Burn-off and Replacement System for Additive Manufacturing is characterized in that: in this system, the burn-off of the tungsten electrode is detected by a real-time tungsten electrode burn-off detection method based on arc and welding wire sensing; this method uses a Hall voltage sensor to detect the arc voltage from the tungsten electrode to the workpiece in real time. and the arc voltage from the welding wire tip to the workpiece This is to detect tungsten electrode burn-out; during the welding process, if the change in arc voltage from the tungsten electrode to the workpiece... The change in arc voltage from the welding wire to the workpiece Consistency, that is = At that time, the arc voltage of both is only affected by the weld slope, and the tungsten electrode has no loss; if and Inconsistency, i.e. ≠ At that time, the tungsten electrode experienced losses, with a burn-off length of [missing information]. , and - Linear correlation; each time ≠ Subsequently, the tungsten electrode extension length will be controlled by the movement of the conductive clamping ring to return to the set value; the aforementioned For welding process ≠ Number of times, ≥1, and ∈ ;whenever ≥5%, meaning the total burn-off reaches the original length of the tungsten electrode. If the electrode diameter exceeds 5%, stop welding immediately and replace it with a tungsten electrode of the same diameter.

[0009] A GTAW (Tungsten Electrode) Intelligent Slow-Firing and Replacement System for Additive Manufacturing is characterized in that: the installation and replacement of the tungsten electrode in the GTAW intelligent slow-firing and replacement system for additive manufacturing is achieved through a GTAW intelligent installation and replacement method for additive manufacturing; the GTAW intelligent installation and replacement method for additive manufacturing controls the replaceable and retractable GTAW welding torch and the tungsten electrode storage and replacement mechanism through a communication and control system to achieve the installation and replacement of the tungsten electrode; when installing the tungsten electrode, the hollow rotating push rod and clamping rod of the replaceable and retractable GTAW welding torch rotate synchronously, aligning the lug of the hollow rotating push rod with the tungsten electrode clamp corresponding to the required tungsten electrode diameter, and the hollow rotating push rod and clamping rod move downward synchronously to push the tungsten electrode clamp out of the tungsten electrode holder's locking teeth, while the electromagnet controls the clamping block in the conductive clamping ring to adjust the opening to the size corresponding to the lower diameter of the tungsten electrode clamp through the excitation current, and the tungsten electrode clamp, together with the tungsten electrode, moves along the welding... The beveled bore inside the torch passes through the conductive clamping ring. The upper end of the tungsten electrode clamp is restricted by the opening of the conductive clamping ring, thus being clamped by it. The hollow rotating push rod and clamping rod return to their default positions, completing the installation of the tungsten electrode. When replacing the tungsten electrode, the conductive clamping ring first raises the tungsten electrode clamp to its highest stroke position. The clamping rod extends from inside the hollow rotating push rod to clamp the end of the tungsten electrode. At the same time, the conductive clamping ring releases the tungsten electrode clamp, and the clamping rod moves upward with the tungsten electrode clamped to the upper end of the clearance groove. The electric rotating telescopic mechanism then extends the tray into the welding torch with its opening facing upward, passing through the opening on the side of the hollow rotating push rod. When the front end of the tray contacts the tip of the tungsten electrode, the clamping rod moves downward, and the tray continues to extend into the clearance groove. Finally, when the tungsten electrode is laid flat in the tray, the clamping rod releases the end of the tungsten electrode, the tray retracts, and rotates above the recycling box to face downward, allowing the tungsten electrode and tungsten electrode clamp to enter the recycling box for storage. Other mechanisms continue to perform the actions of installing the tungsten electrode to complete the replacement of the tungsten electrode. The positions of the hollow rotating push rod and clamping rod during tungsten electrode installation are as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the tungsten electrode replacement process is as follows: Figure 5 As shown.

[0010] Beneficial effects of the invention

[0011] This invention relates to the field of GTAW (Ground-Tunneling Aluminum) additive manufacturing, specifically to an intelligent slow-burning and replacement system and method for GTAW tungsten electrodes. Addressing issues such as tungsten electrode burn-off in GTAW additive manufacturing, this invention proposes an intelligent slow-burning and replacement system and method for tungsten electrodes. The system utilizes a GTAW tungsten electrode intelligent slow-burning arc length control method for additive manufacturing to control the arc length; a GTAW intelligent tungsten electrode diameter adaptive selection method for additive manufacturing to select the tungsten electrode diameter; a vision-sensing-based closed-loop control method for tungsten electrode extension length to control the extension length; a real-time tungsten electrode burn-off detection method based on arc and welding wire sensing to detect tungsten electrode burn-off; and an intelligent GTAW tungsten electrode installation and replacement method for additive manufacturing to achieve tungsten electrode installation and replacement. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the GTAW tungsten electrode intelligent slow burning and replacement system for additive manufacturing.

[0013] In the diagram, 1 is the X-axis guide rail, 2 is the Y-axis guide rail, 3 is the Z-axis guide rail, 4 is the welding torch fixture, 5 is the GTAW welding torch with replaceable and retractable tungsten electrode, 6 is the wire feed tube slider, 7 is the wire feed tube, 8 is the wire feeder, 9 is the Hall voltage sensor, 10 is the high-speed industrial HDR camera, 11 is the GTAW welding power supply, 12 is the electrical control cabinet, and 13 is the control cabinet.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a detailed installation diagram of the replaceable and retractable GTAW welding torch and the tungsten electrode storage and replacement mechanism.

[0015] In the diagram, 14 is the welding torch body, 15 is the electromagnet, 16 is the telescopic rod, 17 is the pneumatic-electric integrated interface, 18 is the nozzle, 19 is the tungsten electrode, 20 is the tungsten electrode box, 21 is the recycling box, 22 is the electric rotary telescopic mechanism, and 23 is the clearance groove.

[0016] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the GTAW welding torch with replaceable and retractable tungsten electrodes and the tungsten electrode storage and replacement mechanism.

[0017] In the diagram, 24 is a hollow rotating push rod, 25 is a clamping rod, 26 is a push plate, 27 is a square spring, 28 is a beveled bore, 29 is a conductive clamping ring, 30 is a conductive rod, 31 is a support groove, and 32 is a tungsten electrode clamp.

[0018] Figure 4 Positions of the hollow rotating push rod and clamping rod during tungsten electrode installation.

[0019] Figure 5 This refers to the process of replacing the tungsten electrode.

[0020] Figure (a) shows the position when the clamping rod holds the end of the tungsten electrode, Figure (b) shows the position when the clamping rod lifts the tungsten electrode to the upper end of the clearance groove, and Figure (c) shows the position when the tungsten electrode is placed flat in the support groove.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the intelligent slow burning and replacement welding process for GTAW tungsten inert gas (TIG) for additive manufacturing. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To better illustrate the technical solution and beneficial effects of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The implementation methods of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0023] Step 1: Arc length control.

[0024] In the GTAW (Glass Arc Additive Manufacturing) process, it is necessary to control the arc length to reduce tungsten electrode burn-off. This invention discloses a smart slow-burn arc length control method for GTAW tungsten electrodes in additive manufacturing. The arc voltage is positively correlated with the arc length. Figure 1 The Hall voltage sensor in the middle detects the arc voltage from the tungsten tip to the workpiece. h, the slide system controls the position of the welding torch holder, causing the welding torch to move up and down. Stay ≤ ≤ The range, so that the arc length is controlled within the corresponding 2 ≤ ≤2.5 Range. The Hall voltage sensor simultaneously detects the arc voltage from the welding wire tip to the workpiece. , = - The height of the welding torch and wire feed tube is adjusted by moving the welding torch clamp and wire feed tube slider up and down, so that... = ,and >0, to prevent collisions between the tungsten electrode and the welding wire, and between the welding wire and the workpiece.

[0025] Step 2: Tungsten electrode direct selection.

[0026] In the GTAW (Glass Arc Additive Manufacturing) process, it is necessary to select a tungsten electrode of appropriate diameter based on the welding current to reduce electrode burn-off. This invention discloses a GTAW intelligent tungsten electrode diameter adaptive selection method for additive manufacturing, in which four different diameter tungsten electrode holders are used to load electrodes with diameters of [missing information]. , , , Tungsten electrodes, respectively used for ≤ < , ≤ < , ≤ < , ≤ < There are four current stages. The selected tungsten electrode diameter is positively correlated with the welding current, and the angle between two adjacent tungsten electrode holders is 90°. Before welding begins, the tungsten electrode with the corresponding diameter is selected according to the initial current stage, such as... Figure 4As shown, when the hollow rotating push rod rotates to the corresponding angle and moves downwards, the lug pushes the tungsten electrode holder of the corresponding diameter tungsten electrode out of the tungsten electrode holder's teeth. The tungsten electrode, along with the tungsten electrode holder, enters below the welding torch along the beveled bore. The end of the tungsten electrode holder is held in place by a conductive clamping ring, thus the tungsten electrode moves with the conductive clamping ring. During the welding process, as the number of additive manufacturing layers increases, the welding current needs to be appropriately reduced to minimize heat accumulation. When the change in welding current needs to span two current stages, the time between layers should be controlled by... Figure 3 The tungsten electrode storage and replacement mechanism allows for the rapid replacement of tungsten electrodes of the corresponding diameter.

[0027] Step 3: Controlling the tungsten electrode extension length.

[0028] In the GTAW (Glass Arc Additive Manufacturing) process, it is necessary to control the extension length of the tungsten electrode to reduce its burn-off. This invention discloses a closed-loop control method for the extension length of the tungsten electrode based on visual sensing. A high-speed industrial HDR camera captures real-time images of the tungsten electrode tip and nozzle, and an algorithm calculates the length of the tungsten electrode extending from the nozzle. ,according to , , , The different diameters of the tungsten electrodes will Set in respectively , , , ,adjust Figure 3 The magnitude of the excitation current of the electromagnet controls the extension and retraction of the clamping block, resulting in a suitable opening for the conductive clamping ring. Before welding begins, the conductive clamping ring grips the tungsten electrode clamp and moves downwards synchronously with the external electromagnet. The conductive clamping ring moves along the slide rail on the inner surface of the welding torch body, and the external electromagnet... Figure 2 The telescopic rod moves up and down until it is detected by a high-speed industrial HDR camera. Stop when the set value is reached. During the welding process, when the high-speed industrial HDR camera detects... When a change occurs, the conductive clamping ring moves up and down to... Control it within the set value.

[0029] Step 4: Tungsten electrode burn-out detection.

[0030] In the GTAW (Glass Arc Additive Manufacturing) process, it is necessary to monitor the burn-off of the tungsten electrode in real time and replace it promptly to prevent affecting the forming quality. This invention discloses a real-time detection method for tungsten electrode burn-off based on arc and welding wire sensing. A Hall voltage sensor detects the arc voltage from the tungsten electrode to the workpiece in real time. and the arc voltage from the welding wire tip to the workpiece During welding, if the change in arc voltage from the tungsten electrode to the workpiece... The change in arc voltage from the welding wire to the workpiece Consistency, that is = At this time, the arc voltage of both is only affected by the weld slope, and the tungsten electrode has no loss. If and Inconsistency, i.e. ≠ At that time, the tungsten electrode experienced losses, with a burn-off length of [missing information]. , and - Linear correlation; each time ≠ after, Figure 3 The conductive clamping ring moves up and down to control the extension length of the tungsten electrode, causing it to return to the set position. .whenever ≥5%, meaning the total burn-off reaches the original length of the tungsten electrode. If the electrode diameter exceeds 5%, stop welding immediately and replace it with a tungsten electrode of the same diameter.

[0031] Step 5: Installation and replacement of the tungsten electrode.

[0032] In the GTAW (Ground-Tunnel Arc Additive Manufacturing) process, it is necessary to replace unsuitable tungsten electrodes quickly and promptly. This invention discloses a smart installation and replacement method for GTAW tungsten electrodes for additive manufacturing. When installing the tungsten electrode, if... Figure 4 As shown, the hollow rotating push rod and clamping rod of the replaceable and retractable GTAW welding torch rotate synchronously. The lugs of the hollow rotating push rod are aligned with the tungsten electrode clamp corresponding to the required tungsten electrode diameter. The hollow rotating push rod and clamping rod move downwards synchronously, pushing the tungsten electrode clamp out of the tungsten electrode holder's locking teeth. Simultaneously, the electromagnet, through its excitation current, controls the clamping block in the conductive clamping ring to adjust the opening to correspond to the diameter of the lower end of the tungsten electrode clamp. The tungsten electrode clamp, along with the tungsten electrode, passes through the conductive clamping ring along the beveled bore inside the welding torch. The upper end of the tungsten electrode clamp is restricted by the opening of the conductive clamping ring, thus being clamped by it. The hollow rotating push rod and clamping rod return to their default positions, completing the installation of the tungsten electrode. When replacing the tungsten electrode, the conductive clamping ring first raises the tungsten electrode clamp to its highest stroke position. The clamping rod extends from the hollow rotating push rod to clamp the end of the tungsten electrode, at which point the state is as follows. Figure 5 As shown in (a). Simultaneously, the conductive clamping ring releases the tungsten electrode clamp, and the clamping rod moves upwards, holding the tungsten electrode, to the upper end of the clearance groove. The electric rotary telescopic machine then extends the tray into the welding torch with its opening facing upwards, passing through the opening on the side of the hollow rotary push rod. When the front end of the tray contacts the tip of the tungsten electrode, the clamping rod moves downwards, and the tray continues to extend into the clearance groove, at which point the state is as shown. Figure 5 As shown in (b). Finally, when the tungsten electrode is placed flat in the tray, the clamping rod is released from the end of the tungsten electrode, and the state at this time is as follows. Figure 5 As shown in (c). The bracket retracts and... Figure 3The top of the recycling box is rotated so that the opening faces downwards, allowing the tungsten electrode, along with the tungsten electrode clamp, to enter the recycling box for storage. Other mechanisms continue to perform the actions of installing the tungsten electrode to complete the replacement of the tungsten electrode.

Claims

1. A GTAW (Tungsten Electrode) Intelligent Slow Burning and Replacement System for Additive Manufacturing, used in GTAW arc additive manufacturing, characterized by: The GTAW (Tungsten Inert Gas) intelligent slow-burning and replacement system for additive manufacturing comprises a sliding sleeve system, a welding torch holder, a replaceable and retractable GTAW welding torch, a GTAW storage and replacement mechanism, a wire feeding system, a GTAW welding power supply, a sensing system, and a communication and control system. The sliding sleeve system consists of X-direction guide rails, Y-direction guide rails, and Z-direction guide rails. One end of the welding torch holder is mounted on the Z-direction guide rail, allowing movement along the X, Y, and Z directions; the other end contains the mounting positions for the replaceable and retractable GTAW welding torch and the wire feeding tube slider. The replaceable and retractable GTAW welding torch includes a torch body, a hollow rotating push rod, a clamping rod, a conductive clamping ring, an electromagnet, a telescopic rod, a pneumatic-electric integrated interface, a conductive rod, and a nozzle. The welding torch body has a beveled bore to guide the movement of the tungsten electrode and the tungsten electrode holder; the tungsten electrode storage and replacement mechanism includes four different diameter tungsten electrode cartridges, a recycling box, an electric rotary telescopic mechanism, a tray, and a clearance slot; the tungsten electrode cartridge includes a tungsten electrode cartridge shell, a square spring, and a push plate; the conductive clamping ring includes a conductive clamping ring seat, four clamping blocks, and a spring; the wire feeding system includes a wire feeding tube, a wire feeding tube slider, and a wire feeder; the sensing system consists of a Hall voltage sensor, a high-speed industrial HDR camera, and a data acquisition card; the communication and control system consists of an electrical control cabinet and a control cabinet; the electrical control cabinet is used to distribute and convert external power, supply power to various components, and ensure power safety; after receiving sensor data, the control cabinet transmits it to a PLC. The system precisely controls welding process parameters, coordinates welding timing, and links various mechanisms and components. A data exchange channel is established between the sensing system and the communication and control system via a communication bus to collect data from multiple sensors. The communication and control system controls the slide system to move the replaceable and retractable GTAW welding torch in the X, Y, and Z directions. A tungsten electrode storage and replacement mechanism is used to store tungsten electrodes and replace them inside the replaceable and retractable GTAW welding torch. The tungsten electrode holder contains multiple tungsten electrodes of the same diameter with clips. A square spring pushes a push plate upwards, which in turn pushes a row of tungsten electrodes upwards. The clip of the topmost tungsten electrode is held in place by the teeth of the tungsten electrode holder. The four types of... Tungsten electrode cartridges of different diameters are installed at a 90° angle to each other outside the replaceable and retractable GTAW welding torch. The first tungsten electrode and the locking tooth of each cartridge extend into the welding torch. The electric rotary telescopic mechanism and the tray are installed outside the welding torch at a 45° angle with the adjacent tungsten electrode cartridge. The axis of the electric rotary telescopic mechanism and the tray is coaxial with the opening on the side of the hollow rotary push rod in the default position. The recycling box is installed below the electric rotary telescopic mechanism and the tray. The tray is controlled by the electric rotary telescopic mechanism and can retract through the opening on the side of the hollow rotary push rod, and rotate 360° around the axis of the electric rotary telescopic mechanism. When it is not extended in the default position, the opening faces upward. The clearance groove is installed outside the welding torch at a 180° angle with the electric rotary telescopic mechanism.The clamping rod of the replaceable and retractable GTAW welding torch is parallel to the hollow rotating push rod, which encloses both halves of the clamping rod internally. Both halves are retractable and can rotate 360° around their axis. The conductive clamping ring of the replaceable and retractable GTAW welding torch is installed on a slide rail below the bore outlet on the inner surface of the torch body, and can move along the torch axis. The front of the four clamping blocks of the conductive clamping ring is made of copper for conductivity, and the rear is made of iron for magnetic control. The ends are connected to the conductive clamping ring seat via springs. One of the clamping blocks has a guide groove for the conductive rod in the middle copper part, which supplies power to the tungsten electrode clamp upon contact with the conductive rod. The conductive rod is connected to the GTAW welding power supply through the gas-electric integrated interface of the welding torch and is installed below the lowest stroke position of the conductive clamping ring inside the welding torch. The electromagnet is installed outside the welding torch, with a telescopic rod installed below it. It can move synchronously with the conductive clamping ring outside the welding torch along the torch axis. The electromagnet controls the tightness of the conductive clamping ring by changing the excitation current.

2. The GTAW tungsten electrode intelligent slow-burning and replacement system for additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the aforementioned GTAW (Tungsten Inert Gas) intelligent slow-burning and replacement system for additive manufacturing, the arc length is controlled by a GTAW intelligent slow-burning arc length control method. This method uses a sensing system and a communication and control system to adjust the vertical movement of the welding torch clamp, thereby controlling the arc length. A Hall voltage sensor detects the arc voltage from the tungsten tip to the workpiece. The welding torch moves up and down to make Stay ≤ ≤ The range, so that the arc length is controlled within the corresponding 2 ≤ ≤2.5 Scope; the The diameter of the welding wire. Arc length 2 The corresponding arc voltage, The arc length is 2.

5. The corresponding arc voltage, The arc length from the tungsten electrode to the workpiece; the Hall voltage sensor simultaneously detects the arc voltage from the welding wire tip to the workpiece. , = - The welding torch holder and wire feed tube slider move up and down to make = ,and >0, to prevent collisions between the tungsten electrode and the welding wire, and between the welding wire and the workpiece; the The voltage difference corresponds to the distance between the tungsten electrode and the welding wire.

3. The GTAW tungsten electrode intelligent slow-burning and replacement system for additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the aforementioned GTAW intelligent slow-burning and replacement system for additive manufacturing, the diameter of the tungsten electrode is selected using a GTAW intelligent tungsten electrode diameter adaptive selection method. This method, through a sensing system and a communication and control system, adjusts the replaceable and retractable GTAW welding torch and the tungsten electrode storage and replacement mechanism to achieve the selection and replacement of the tungsten electrode diameter before and during welding. The four different diameter tungsten electrode holders respectively hold electrodes with diameters of [missing information]. , , , tungsten electrode, < < < , respectively used for ≤ < , ≤ < , ≤ < , ≤ < There are a total of 4 current stages; The , , , , The diameter of the tungsten electrode used is positively correlated with the welding current for different welding currents. Before welding begins, the tungsten electrode with the corresponding diameter is selected according to the current stage of the initial current, and the corresponding tungsten electrode is installed by a hollow rotating push rod. During the welding process, as the number of additive manufacturing layers increases, the welding current needs to be appropriately reduced to reduce heat accumulation. When the change in welding current needs to span two current stages, the tungsten electrode with the corresponding diameter is quickly replaced by a tungsten electrode storage and replacement mechanism during the interlayer dwell time.

4. The GTAW tungsten electrode intelligent slow-burning and replacement system for additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the aforementioned GTAW intelligent slow-burning and replacement system for additive manufacturing, the extension length of the tungsten electrode is controlled by a vision-sensing-based closed-loop control method. This method utilizes real-time detection by a high-speed industrial HDR camera and the vertical movement of a conductive clamping ring to achieve closed-loop control of the tungsten electrode extension length. The high-speed industrial HDR camera captures real-time images of the tungsten electrode tip and nozzle, and the algorithm calculates the tungsten electrode extension length. ,according to , , , The different diameters of tungsten electrodes Set in respectively , , , And use an electromagnet to adjust the appropriate opening of the conductive clamping ring; the =6mm =7mm =8mm, =9mm; Before welding begins, the conductive clamping ring grips the tungsten electrode clamp and moves downwards synchronously with the external electromagnet. When the high-speed industrial HDR camera detects... Stop when the set value is reached; during the welding process, when the high-speed industrial HDR camera detects... When a change occurs, the conductive clamping ring moves up and down to... Control it within the set value.

5. The GTAW tungsten electrode intelligent slow-burning and replacement system for additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the GTAW intelligent slow-burning and replacement system for additive manufacturing, the burn-off of the tungsten electrode is detected by a real-time tungsten electrode burn-off detection method based on arc and welding wire sensing. This real-time tungsten electrode burn-off detection method uses a Hall voltage sensor to detect the arc voltage from the tungsten electrode to the workpiece in real time. and the arc voltage from the welding wire tip to the workpiece This is to detect tungsten electrode burn-out; during the welding process, if the change in arc voltage from the tungsten electrode to the workpiece... The change in arc voltage from the welding wire to the workpiece Consistency, that is = At that time, the arc voltage of both is only affected by the weld slope, and the tungsten electrode has no loss; if and Inconsistency, i.e. ≠ At that time, the tungsten electrode experienced losses, with a burn-off length of [missing information]. , and - Linear correlation; each time ≠ Subsequently, the tungsten electrode extension length will be controlled by the movement of the conductive clamping ring to return to the set value; the aforementioned For welding process ≠ Number of times, ≥1, and ∈ ;whenever ≥5%, meaning the total burn-off reaches the original length of the tungsten electrode. If the electrode diameter exceeds 5%, stop welding immediately and replace it with a tungsten electrode of the same diameter.

6. The GTAW tungsten electrode intelligent slow-burning and replacement system for additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the aforementioned GTAW tungsten electrode intelligent slow-burning and replacement system for additive manufacturing, the installation and replacement of the tungsten electrode are achieved through the GTAW tungsten electrode intelligent installation and replacement method for additive manufacturing. The GTAW tungsten electrode intelligent installation and replacement method for additive manufacturing controls the replaceable and retractable GTAW welding torch and the tungsten electrode storage and replacement mechanism through a communication and control system to achieve the installation and replacement of the tungsten electrode. When installing a tungsten electrode, the hollow rotating push rod and clamping rod of the retractable GTAW welding torch rotate synchronously. Align the lugs of the hollow rotating push rod with the tungsten electrode clamp corresponding to the desired tungsten electrode diameter. The hollow rotating push rod and clamping rod move downwards simultaneously, pushing the tungsten electrode clamp out of the tungsten electrode holder's locking teeth. Simultaneously, the electromagnet, through its energizing current, controls the clamping block in the conductive clamping ring to adjust the opening to correspond to the lower diameter of the tungsten electrode clamp. The tungsten electrode clamp, along with the tungsten electrode, passes through the conductive clamping ring along the beveled bore inside the welding torch. The upper end of the tungsten electrode clamp is restricted by the opening of the conductive clamping ring, thus being held by it. The hollow rotating push rod and clamping rod then return to their default positions, completing the tungsten electrode installation. When replacing a tungsten electrode, the conductive clamping ring first clamps the tungsten electrode... Raise the rod to its highest stroke position, and the clamping rod extends from the hollow rotating push rod to clamp the end of the tungsten electrode. At the same time, the conductive clamping ring releases the tungsten electrode clamp, and the clamping rod moves upward with the tungsten electrode clamped to the upper end of the clearance groove. The electric rotary telescopic machine then extends the tray into the welding torch with the opening facing upward, and passes through the opening on the side of the hollow rotating push rod. When the front end of the tray contacts the tip of the tungsten electrode, the clamping rod moves downward, and the tray continues to extend into the clearance groove. Finally, when the tungsten electrode is laid flat in the tray, the clamping rod releases the end of the tungsten electrode, the tray retracts, and rotates above the recycling box to face downward, allowing the tungsten electrode and the tungsten electrode clamp to enter the recycling box for storage. Other mechanisms continue to perform the actions of installing the tungsten electrode to complete the replacement of the tungsten electrode.

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