Preparation method of polyurethane ion elastomer friction layer for friction nanometer generator
By preparing a polyurethane ion elastomer friction layer, the problem of easy damage to triboelectric nanogenerators during long-term use was solved, the mechanical stability and sensing sensitivity were improved, the equipment life was extended, and the high-efficiency power generation performance was maintained.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511599374.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-23
AI Technical Summary
Triboelectric nanogenerators are prone to breakage and wear of the friction layer and electrode layer during long-term mechanical motion, which affects their energy conversion efficiency and service life. At the same time, the sensing sensitivity needs to be improved.
Polyurethane ionomer is used as the friction layer. The preparation method involves mixing bis(3-aminopropyl)-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) with diisocyanate, chain extender and lithium salt to form a polyurethane elastomer, which is then sprayed onto a copper electrode sheet to form a friction layer, followed by gradient temperature curing treatment.
This improved the mechanical stability and sensing sensitivity of the triboelectric nanogenerator, extended the device's service life, and maintained good power generation efficiency and self-healing ability.
Smart Images
Figure CN121379321A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of energy materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a polyurethane ionic elastomer friction layer for a triboelectric nanogenerator. BACKGROUND
[0002] Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is an energy harvesting device based on the principles of triboelectricity and electrostatic induction. With the rapid development of the Internet of Things, wearable devices, and portable electronic devices, there is an increasing demand for miniaturization and sustainable energy supply. Traditional batteries have problems such as large size, heavy weight, and the need for frequent replacement, which limits the widespread application of these devices. Triboelectric nanogenerator emerges as the times require, which can efficiently convert mechanical energy (such as human motion, wind power, water flow, etc.) into electrical energy, providing continuous and stable power support for low-power devices. Its working principle is to use the charge transfer generated by two different materials during contact and separation to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through electrostatic induction. TENG has the advantages of low cost, simple structure, diverse materials, and strong environmental adaptability, not only has broad application prospects in the field of energy, but also shows great potential in the fields of sensors, self-driven systems, and intelligent wear, providing a new technical path for the deep integration of sustainable energy and intelligent devices.
[0003] With the increasing demand for applications, the technical challenges faced by TENG in practical applications have become increasingly prominent. In particular, the mechanical performance of materials has become one of the key factors restricting its development. In the long-term mechanical movement process, the friction layer and electrode layer of TENG are prone to fracture and wear, which not only reduces its energy conversion efficiency, but also may lead to early failure of the device, seriously affecting its service life and reliability. In addition, when TENG is used as a sensor, its sensing sensitivity needs to be improved. Therefore, how to improve the mechanical stability and sensing sensitivity of TENG has become the focus of current research, which is of great significance for the further development and practical application of TENG technology. SUMMARY
[0004] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a preparation method of a polyurethane ionic elastomer friction layer for a triboelectric nanogenerator, which has the advantages of easy availability of raw materials, mild reaction conditions, and simple process.
[0005] Another technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a triboelectric nanogenerator that can be used for friction and impact to generate electrical energy, which has the advantages of wear resistance, good flexibility, and self-repairing.
[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the polyurethane ion elastomer friction layer for the friction nanogenerator is prepared by the following steps.
[0007] The application specifically adopts the following specific schemes. A preparation method of a polyurethane ion elastomer friction layer for a friction nanogenerator, comprising the following steps: Step 1, preparation of the polyurethane elastomer: The double (3-aminopropyl) terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane) is vacuumed at a certain temperature, stirred, cooled and protected by nitrogen, then the diisocyanate and the organic solvent are added and stirred under the protection of nitrogen, the reaction system is heated to a predetermined temperature again, the chain extender and the additional catalyst and the organic solvent are added, the chain extension reaction is continued under the protection of nitrogen at the predetermined temperature, after the reaction, the organic solvent in the reaction system is removed by vacuum drying, and the target product, the polyurethane elastomer, is obtained; the organic solvent is any one or more of N, N-dimethylformamide, chloroform, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, toluene and xylene. Preferably, in step 1, the diisocyanate includes one or more of toluene diisocyanate, diphenyl methane diisocyanate, polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, 4, 4'-dicyclohexyl methane diisocyanate and p-phenylene diisocyanate lysine diisocyanate; in step 1, the catalyst includes one or more of dibutyl tin dilaurate, stannous octoate, zinc naphthenate, triethylenediamine and pentamethyldiethylene triamine; in step 1, the chain extender is one or more of tetrafluorohydroquinone or 1, 4-benzenediol.
[0008] Preferably, in step 1, the molar ratio of the double (3-aminopropyl) terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane), the diisocyanate and the chain extender is 1.5: (3-5): (1.5-2); the addition amount of the catalyst is 0.01%-0.5% of the total mass of all raw materials; and the use amount relationship of the double (3-aminopropyl) terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane), the organic solvent and the additional organic solvent is 5-10g: 20-30ml: 20-30ml.
[0009] Preferably, in step 1, the temperature is 50-100℃, the stirring time is 0.5-3 h, the cooling is to 30-45℃, the stirring reaction is carried out under nitrogen protection at a temperature of 30-45℃, the stirring reaction time is 3-12 h; the temperature of the second heating is 50-100℃, the chain extension reaction is carried out under nitrogen protection at the temperature of the second heating for 36-60 h; the temperature of the vacuum drying is 60-80℃, and the time is 6-12 h.
[0010] Step 2, preparation of a polyurethane ionic elastomer friction layer material: The polyurethane elastomer prepared in step 1 is mixed with lithium salt in a solvent in a certain temperature condition, ultrasonic stirring and mixing to obtain a dispersion of polyurethane elastomer and lithium salt; the solvent is any one of N,N-dimethylformamide, chloroform, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide; the lithium salt is one or more of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bisfluorosulfonylimide, lithium bis-trifluoromethanesulfonylimide. Preferably, in step 2, the mass ratio of the polyurethane elastomer to lithium salt is (50-100):(1-5); the amount of the polyurethane elastomer to the solvent is (0.1-0.8) g:(10-30) mL; the certain temperature condition is 30-60℃, and the ultrasonic stirring and mixing time is 1-2 h.
[0011] Step 3, preparation of a polyurethane ionic elastomer friction layer: The dispersion of polyurethane elastomer and lithium salt obtained in step 2 is uniformly sprayed onto a pre-treated copper electrode sheet, and then gradient heating and curing are carried out, to form a composite coating on the copper electrode sheet after curing, and the composite coating is the polyurethane ionic elastomer friction layer.
[0012] Preferably, in step 3, the spraying is ultrasonic spraying, wherein the ultrasonic spraying conditions are: a frequency of 60-120 kHz, a working speed of 5000-6000 mm / min, a fast-forward speed of 7000-9000 mm / min, a spraying height of 60.0-80.0 mm, and a spraying width of 1.0-1.5 mm.
[0013] Preferably, in step 3, the pre-treated copper electrode sheet is treated by: first ultrasonic cleaning the copper electrode sheet with ethanol for 0.5-1.5 h, and then using a plasma surface treatment instrument to treat the surface of the copper electrode sheet for 2-20 min.
[0014] Preferably, in step 3, the operation of gradient temperature curing is: sequentially increasing the temperature with a gradient of 10-30 ℃, the temperature range after increasing the temperature is 30-180 ℃, and the time for each gradient treatment is 1-2 h. Further, the temperature range after increasing the temperature is 120-180 ℃. The application also provides a use of the polyurethane ionic elastomer coating for preparing a friction nanogenerator.
[0015] The prepared polyurethane ionic elastomer coating is used as a friction layer of a friction nanogenerator for preparing the friction nanogenerator, and the steps are as follows: A copper sheet is used as an electrode sheet; first, the polyurethane ionic elastomer friction layer is pasted on the surface of the electrode sheet, the friction layer covers the electrode sheet as a whole, and a positive electrode of the friction nanogenerator is formed; then, polyvinyl alcohol is pasted on the surface of another copper electrode sheet to form a negative electrode, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are combined to obtain the friction nanogenerator.
[0016] Test: first, connect the power supply, and then collide the positive electrode and the negative electrode, because the electronegativity between the two electrodes is different, charge separation is generated, thereby generating electric energy. Advantages
[0017] (1) Polyurethane (PU) is a high-performance polymer material with many excellent characteristics in mechanical properties. It has high strength and high elasticity, can withstand large tensile and compressive forces, and has good shape recovery ability. Polyurethane has excellent wear resistance, even under high friction and repeated use, it can maintain a low wear rate and prolong the service life. In addition, its good impact resistance enables it to effectively absorb and disperse energy when subjected to sudden external force impact, reducing the risk of damage. Polyurethane also has excellent flexibility and tear resistance, and is not prone to breakage during bending and twisting. The present application creatively adds lithium salt with high conductivity to the polyurethane material, which not only expands its sensing performance on the basis of the good mechanical properties of the polyurethane elastomer, but also provides good practicality for its power generation and intelligent response performance.
[0018] (2) The present application modifies the material by molecular structure design and functional treatment, prepares a new polyurethane ionic elastomer friction layer, and can be used as a friction nanogenerator, which achieves substantial results. Moreover, the present application has the advantages of easy availability of raw materials, mild reaction conditions, and simple process.
[0019] (3) The polyurethane ionic elastomer friction layer prepared by the present application has excellent mechanical properties, self-healing properties, and hydrophobic properties, etc. When applied to a friction nanogenerator, it not only significantly prolongs the service life of the device, but also maintains good power generation efficiency.
[0020] (4) The triboelectric nanogenerator prepared by the present invention generates electrical energy through friction and impact. The triboelectric nanogenerator has the advantages of wear resistance, tensile strength, good flexibility and self-repair; it has good practicality and broad market application prospects. Attached Figure Description
[0021] Figure 1 shows the infrared spectrum of polyurethane elastomer.
[0022] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a polyurethane ionomer nanogenerator for triboelectric nanogenerators.
[0023] Figure 3 A physical image of a polyurethane ionomer nanogenerator used in triboelectric nanogenerators.
[0024] Figure 4 Output voltage diagram of a triboelectric nanogenerator fabricated from a polyurethane ionomer triboelectric layer.
[0025] Figure 5 Output current diagram of a triboelectric nanogenerator fabricated from a polyurethane ionomer triboelectric layer.
[0026] Figure 6 Comparison of optical microscope images of self-healing triboelectric nanogenerators prepared from polyurethane ionomer triboelectric layers; the left image is an optical microscope image with scratches before self-healing, and the right image is an optical microscope image after self-healing. Detailed Implementation
[0027] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.
[0028] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.
[0029] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. This specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.
[0030] Unless otherwise specified, all reagents were readily available from commercially available sources. The bis(3-aminopropyl)-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) and lithium salt were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. The diisocyanate and catalyst were purchased from Shanghai Titan Technology Co., Ltd. The chain extender was purchased from CASMA Beijing Technology Co., Ltd. The organic reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai) Trading Co., Ltd. Example 1:
[0031] 4.00 g of bis(3-aminopropyl)-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) was stirred under vacuum at 70 °C for 2 h, then cooled to 40 °C under nitrogen protection. 1.02 g of isophorone diisocyanate and 20 mL of tetrahydrofuran were added, and the mixture was stirred under nitrogen protection for 6 h to form a prepolymer. The reaction system was then heated to 80 °C, and 0.36 g of tetrafluorohydroquinone was added for chain extension. 0.08 g of dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst and 20 mL of tetrahydrofuran solvent were added, and the mixture was stirred under nitrogen protection at the predetermined temperature of 80 °C for 50 h to obtain the polymer. After the reaction, the polymer was removed by vacuum drying (60 °C, 8 h) to obtain the polyurethane elastomer with a yield of 90%.
[0032] Infrared spectrum (see) Figure 1 2260 cm in the picture −1 The -NCO characteristic peak at 3360 cm⁻¹ disappears, indicating complete polymerization of the product. -1 The -NH stretching vibration peak at 1158 cm⁻¹ -1 An out-of-plane bending vibration peak of -NH appears at 2294 cm⁻¹. -1 Stretching vibration peaks of -CH2- appear at 1195 and 740 cm⁻¹. -1 The characteristic peaks prove the presence of CF bonds, 798 cm⁻¹ -1 The characteristic peaks confirm the presence of C-Si bonds, at 1093 and 1020 cm⁻¹. -1 The characteristic peaks confirm the presence of Si-O bonds, at 1629 cm⁻¹. -1 The characteristic peak indicates a C=O bond, 1571 cm⁻¹ -1 The characteristic peaks prove that it is an O=CNH bond.
[0033] Then, 0.5 g of polyurethane elastomer and 0.055 g of lithium bisfluorosulfonyl imide were mixed and added to 50 mL of tetrahydrofuran. The mixture was ultrasonically stirred at 50 °C for 2 h to obtain a dispersion of polyurethane elastomer and lithium bisfluorosulfonyl imide.
[0034] Simultaneously, the copper electrode sheet was ultrasonically cleaned with ethanol for 0.5 h, and then surface-treated with a plasma surface treatment instrument for 2 min to obtain a pre-treated copper electrode sheet. Finally, a dispersion of polyurethane elastomer and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide was ultrasonically sprayed onto the pre-treated copper electrode sheet, and then placed in an oven for gradient temperature curing. The gradient curing was carried out at 20 ℃, followed by curing at 120 ℃ / 2h, 140 ℃ / 2h, 160 ℃ / 2h, and 180 ℃ / 2h. After curing, a composite coating was formed on the copper electrode sheet, which is the polyurethane elastomer friction layer.
[0035] The prepared polyurethane ionomer coating was used as the friction layer in the fabrication of the triboelectric nanogenerator. The steps were as follows: Using copper sheets as electrodes, a polyurethane ionomer friction layer is first bonded to the surface of the electrode sheet, covering the entire electrode sheet as the positive friction layer, forming the positive electrode of the triboelectric nanogenerator. Then, a polyvinyl alcohol plate is bonded to another copper electrode sheet as the negative friction layer, forming the negative electrode of the triboelectric nanogenerator. After assembly and connection, the triboelectric nanogenerator is obtained. A schematic diagram of the triboelectric nanogenerator is shown below. Figure 2 See actual product photos Figure 3 .
[0036] Test: First, the positive and negative friction layer electrodes were connected with copper foil, then a power supply was applied using copper wires. A motor was then used to continuously collide and separate the positive and negative friction layers. Due to their different electronegativity, the positive and negative friction layers separated charges, thus generating electrical energy. The output voltage and output current of the triboelectric nanogenerator were measured. The output voltage is shown in [see figure]. Figure 4 Output current see Figure 5 The output voltage reaches up to 80V and the output current reaches up to 10μA, and the output is stable. The results show that the triboelectric nanogenerator prepared by this invention can effectively output voltage and current, and has achieved significant technical results.
[0037] After the triboelectric nanogenerator was intentionally scratched with a blade, it was restored to its original state after being kept at 80 °C for 12 hours. Figure 6 Comparative optical microscope images of the self-healing triboelectric nanogenerator fabricated from a polyurethane ionomer triboelectric layer. The left image shows the optical microscope image with scratches before self-healing, while the right image shows the optical microscope image after self-healing (the size is marked as 200 μm). The comparison demonstrates its excellent self-healing properties. Example 2:
[0038] 7.00 g of bis(3-aminopropyl)-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) was stirred under vacuum at 50 °C for 1 h, then cooled to 40 °C under nitrogen protection. 1.62 g of isophorone diisocyanate and 20 mL of acetone were added and stirred for 4 h to form a prepolymer. The system was then heated to 60 °C, and 0.56 g of 1,4-benzenediphenol was added for chain extension. 0.08 g of dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst and 20 mL of acetone were added as solvent, and the reaction was maintained at the predetermined temperature of 60 °C under nitrogen protection for 60 h to obtain the polymer. After the reaction, the polymer was removed by vacuum drying (60 °C, 8 h) to obtain the polyurethane elastomer with a yield of 90%.
[0039] 0.5 g of polyurethane elastomer and 0.055 g of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide were mixed and added to 50 mL of acetone. The mixture was ultrasonically stirred at 50 °C for 2 h to obtain a dispersion of polyurethane elastomer and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. Simultaneously, the copper electrode sheet was ultrasonically cleaned with ethanol for 0.5 h, and then surface-treated using a plasma surface treatment instrument for 2 min to obtain a pre-treated copper electrode sheet. Finally, the dispersion of polyurethane elastomer and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide was ultrasonically sprayed onto the pre-treated copper electrode sheet, and then placed in an oven for gradient temperature curing at 120 °C / 2 h, 140 °C / 2 h, 160 °C / 2 h, and 180 °C / 2 h. After curing, a composite coating was formed on the copper electrode sheet, which is the polyurethane elastomer friction layer.
[0040] The prepared polyurethane ionomer coating was used as the friction layer in the fabrication of the triboelectric nanogenerator. The steps were as follows: Using copper sheets as electrode sheets, a polyurethane ionomer friction layer is first attached to the surface of the electrode sheet, covering the entire electrode sheet as the positive friction layer, forming the positive electrode of the triboelectric nanogenerator. Then, a polyvinyl alcohol plate is attached to another copper electrode sheet as the negative friction layer, forming the negative electrode of the triboelectric nanogenerator. After assembly and connection, the triboelectric nanogenerator is obtained. Example 3:
[0041] 10.00 g of bis(3-aminopropyl)-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) was stirred under reduced pressure at 70 °C for 2 h, then cooled to 40 °C under nitrogen protection. 2.00 g of isophorone diisocyanate and 30 mL of tetrahydrofuran were added and stirred for 6 h to form a prepolymer. The system was then heated to 80 °C, and 0.70 g of tetrafluorohydroquinone was added for chain extension. 0.10 g of pentamethyldiethylenetriamine catalyst and 20 mL of tetrahydrofuran solvent were added, and the reaction was maintained at the predetermined temperature of 80 °C under nitrogen protection for 50 h to obtain the polymer. After the reaction, the organic solvent was removed by vacuum drying, yielding the polyurethane elastomer with a yield of 90%.
[0042] 1.0 g of polyurethane elastomer and 0.1 g of lithium hexafluorophosphate were mixed and added to 50 mL of tetrahydrofuran. The mixture was ultrasonically stirred at 50 °C for 2 h to obtain a dispersion of polyurethane elastomer and lithium hexafluorophosphate. Simultaneously, the copper electrode sheet was ultrasonically cleaned with ethanol for 1 h, and then surface-treated using a plasma surface treatment instrument for 6 min to obtain a pre-treated copper electrode sheet. Finally, the dispersion of polyurethane elastomer and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide was ultrasonically sprayed onto the pre-treated copper electrode sheet, and then placed in an oven for gradient temperature curing at 120 °C / 2 h, 140 °C / 2 h, 160 °C / 2 h, and 180 °C / 2 h. After curing, a composite coating was formed on the copper electrode sheet, which is the polyurethane elastomer friction layer.
[0043] The prepared polyurethane ionomer coating was used as the friction layer in the fabrication of the triboelectric nanogenerator. The steps were as follows: Using copper sheets as electrode sheets; firstly, a polyurethane ionomer friction layer is pasted onto the surface of the electrode sheet, and the friction layer completely covers the electrode sheet as the positive friction layer, forming the positive electrode of the triboelectric nanogenerator; then, a polyvinyl alcohol plate is pasted onto another copper electrode sheet as the negative friction layer, forming the negative electrode of the triboelectric nanogenerator; after combination and connection, the triboelectric nanogenerator is obtained. In summary, the triboelectric nanogenerator prepared by this invention has excellent wear resistance, flexibility, self-healing properties, high output voltage, and high output energy density, and is expected to be applied in the fields of energy storage and sensing, with broad application prospects.
[0044] Note: The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the technical solutions described in the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the present invention. All technical solutions and improvements that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for preparing a polyurethane ionomer friction layer for a triboelectric nanogenerator, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Preparation of polyurethane elastomer: Bis(3-aminopropyl)-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) was vacuum-sealed at a certain temperature, stirred, cooled, and protected with nitrogen. Diisocyanate and an organic solvent were then added and stirred under nitrogen protection. The reaction system was then heated again, and a chain extender was added, along with a catalyst and organic solvent. The temperature was maintained under nitrogen protection for chain extension. After the reaction, the organic solvent was removed by vacuum drying to obtain the target product, polyurethane elastomer. The organic solvent was any one or more of N,N-dimethylformamide, chloroform, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, toluene, and xylene. Step 2: Preparation of polyurethane ionomer friction layer material: The polyurethane elastomer prepared in step 1 is mixed with lithium salt in a certain proportion and added to a solvent. After ultrasonic stirring and mixing under a certain temperature, a dispersion of polyurethane elastomer and lithium salt is obtained. The solvent is any one of N,N-dimethylformamide, chloroform, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, and dimethyl sulfoxide. The lithium salt is one or more of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide. Step 3: Preparation of the polyurethane ionomer friction layer: The dispersion of polyurethane elastomer and lithium salt obtained in step 2 is uniformly sprayed onto the pre-treated copper electrode sheet, and then it is cured by gradient heating. After curing, a composite coating is formed on the copper electrode sheet. The resulting composite coating is the polyurethane ion elastomer friction layer.
2. The method for preparing a polyurethane ionomer friction layer for a triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, the diisocyanate includes one or more of toluene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate, and lysine diisocyanate; the catalyst includes one or more of dibutyltin dilaurate, stannous octoate, zinc naphthenate, triethylenediamine, and pentamethyldiethylenetriamine; and the chain extender is one or more of tetrafluorohydroquinone or 1,4-benzenediphenol.
3. The method for preparing a polyurethane ionomer friction layer for a triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, the molar ratio of the bis(3-aminopropyl)-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane), diisocyanate, and chain extender is 1.5:(3-5):(1.5-2); the amount of catalyst added is 0.01%-0.5% of the total mass of all raw materials. The relationship between the amount of bis(3-aminopropyl)-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane), organic solvent, and supplementary organic solvent is 5-10g:20-30ml:20-30ml.
4. The method for preparing a polyurethane ionomer friction layer for a triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1, the temperature is 50-100℃, the stirring time is 0.5-3 h, the cooling refers to cooling to 30-45℃, the stirring reaction is carried out at 30-45℃ under nitrogen protection, and the stirring reaction time is 3-12 h; the temperature is raised again to 50-100℃, and the chain extension reaction is carried out at the raised temperature under nitrogen protection for 36-60 h; the vacuum drying temperature is 60-80℃, and the time is 6-12 h.
5. The method for preparing a polyurethane ionomer friction layer for a triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, the mass ratio of polyurethane elastomer to lithium salt is (50-100):(1-5); the amount of polyurethane elastomer to solvent is (0.1-0.8)g:(10-30)mL; the specific temperature condition is 30-60℃, and the ultrasonic stirring time is 1-2 h.
6. The method for preparing a polyurethane ionomer friction layer for a triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3, the spraying is performed using ultrasonic spraying. The conditions for ultrasonic spraying are: frequency of 60-120 kHz, working speed of 5000-6000 mm / min, rapid traverse speed of 7000-9000 mm / min, spraying height of 60.0-80.0 mm, and spraying width of 1.0-1.5 mm.
7. The method for preparing a polyurethane ionomer friction layer for a triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3, the pre-treated copper electrode sheet processing process is as follows: first, ultrasonically clean the copper electrode sheet with ethanol for 0.5-1.5 h, and then use a plasma surface treatment instrument to perform surface treatment on the copper electrode sheet for 2-20 min.
8. The method for preparing a polyurethane ionomer friction layer for a triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3, the gradient temperature curing operation is as follows: the temperature is increased sequentially in a gradient of 10-30 ℃, and the temperature range after the temperature increase is 30-180 ℃, with each gradient treatment lasting 1-2 h.
9. The use of the polyurethane ionomer triboelectric layer for triboelectric nanogenerators prepared by any one of claims 1-8 in the preparation of triboelectric nanogenerators.
10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: Using copper sheets as electrodes, a polyurethane ionomer friction layer is first bonded to the surface of the electrode sheet, covering the entire electrode sheet to form the positive electrode of the triboelectric nanogenerator. Then, polyvinyl alcohol is bonded to the surface of another copper electrode sheet to form the negative electrode. The combination of the positive and negative electrodes yields the triboelectric nanogenerator.