Slotting type high-anchoring-force anchor rod with front end capable of rebounding and expanding and using method

Abstract

The invention discloses a slotted high-anchoring-force anchor rod with the front end capable of rebounding and expanding and a using method, and relates to the technical field of supporting components. The slotted high-anchoring-force anchor rod comprises a slotted circular tube anchor rod body, and two axially-spaced circular rings are fixedly arranged at the rear end of the circular tube anchor rod body side by side; and the front end of the circular tube anchor rod main body is radially compressed to form a neck part with a reduced diameter. Through the collaborative design of the slotted circular tube anchor rod body, the cam mechanism arranged in the neck at the front end and the double circular rings at the rear end, the mounting resistance and anchoring force of the circular tube anchor rod body can be improved, during mounting, the cam mechanism is squeezed by a hole wall to shrink, low-resistance smooth insertion is achieved in combination with guiding of the neck, and after the circular tube anchor rod is in place, the anchoring force is improved. The cam mechanism is automatically bounced off under the action of the elastic element, the maximum outer diameter of the cam mechanism is larger than that of the rod body, powerful mechanical self-locking is formed, high anchoring force is provided, the slotted pipe body expands in the radial direction when being pulled, the slotted pipe body is comprehensively attached to the hole wall, friction anchoring is formed, and then the overall anchoring performance is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of supporting components, in particular to a front-end resiliently expandable slotted high anchoring force anchor rod and a use method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Anchor rod is the most basic component of roadway support in modern coal mines, which reinforces the surrounding rock of the roadway together, so that the surrounding rock supports itself. Now anchor rod is not only used in mines, but also used in engineering technology to reinforce the main body of slopes, tunnels and dam bodies.

[0003] The defects of the existing anchor rod are:

[0004] 1. Patent document CN118461595B discloses a high anchoring force slope anchor rod, "in order to solve the problems of poor anchoring force of slope anchor rod and low construction efficiency, the present application provides a high anchoring force slope anchor rod, belonging to the technical field of slope anchor rod, comprising an anchor rod body, a conical body is arranged at the front end of the anchor rod, a forming pipe is connected between the conical body and the anchor rod, the forming pipe is provided with a plurality of groups of pouring holes along the circumferential direction, a glass silk cloth is arranged outside the pouring hole, the glass silk cloth is in strip shape and is distributed along the length direction of the anchor rod body, one end close to the conical body is fixedly connected with the forming pipe, and the other end is a free end; a plurality of groups of grouting holes are arranged along the length direction of the anchor rod body, a temperature adjusting device is arranged inside the forming pipe close to one end of the conical body, a high-strength expansion part is formed by epoxy resin and glass silk cloth, and the solidification of the expansion part is adjusted by the temperature adjusting device, thereby effectively improving the anchoring force of the anchor rod and the construction efficiency", but the device front end in the above-mentioned document lacks the technical problem of efficient and intelligent mechanical self-locking and friction cooperation mechanism. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to provide a front-end resiliently expandable slotted high anchoring force anchor rod and a use method thereof to solve the technical problems raised in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a front-end resiliently expandable slotted high anchoring force anchor rod, comprising a slotted round pipe anchor rod body, two axially spaced circular rings are fixedly arranged at the rear end of the round pipe anchor rod body in parallel, and the front end of the round pipe anchor rod body is formed into a neck part with reduced diameter by radial compression;

[0007] The inner wall of the neck part is fixedly connected with a mounting base, the front end of the mounting base is provided with an accommodation space, and the inner wall of the accommodation space is movably provided with a cam mechanism;

[0008] The outer wall of the installation base or the interior of the containing space is provided with an elastic element providing a radial expansion force, and the elastic element interacts with a cam mechanism which has a tendency to expand outwards when there is no external radial constraint;

[0009] When the cam mechanism expands outwards, the maximum outer contour diameter of the cam mechanism is greater than the outer diameter of the circular tube anchor rod body.

[0010] Preferably, the installation base is a fixed shaft fixedly connected to the inner wall of the neck, the containing space is a long slot hole in the form of a through slot provided axially on the front end of the fixed shaft, the cam mechanism is a set of tooth-shaped cams, one side of the tooth-shaped cam is rotatably mounted in the long slot hole through a rotating shaft, and the elastic element is a first compression spring sleeved on the fixed shaft, the rear end of the first compression spring is fixedly connected to the rear end of the fixed shaft, and the front end of the first compression spring is movably connected to a limiting piece.

[0011] Preferably, the limiting piece is a flat washer, and one end of the flat washer is movably connected to the outer wall of the cam mechanism.

[0012] Preferably, the installation base is a connecting seat fixedly connected to the inner wall of the neck, the containing space is a groove provided on one side of the connecting seat, the cam mechanism is a semicircular tooth-shaped cam, an arc-shaped hole is provided in the middle of one side of the semicircular tooth-shaped cam, a fixed rod is fixedly arranged inside the groove, and the outer wall of the fixed rod passes through the arc-shaped hole, so that the semicircular tooth-shaped cam can swing along the path defined by the arc-shaped hole, and the elastic element is a second compression spring arranged inside the groove, one end of the second compression spring is connected to the inner wall of the groove, and the other end is connected to one end of the semicircular tooth-shaped cam.

[0013] Preferably, it further comprises a detachable limiting ring, which is sleeved on the outer wall of the connecting seat before installation to constrain the semicircular tooth-shaped cam to be in a contracted state.

[0014] Preferably, a plurality of tooth-shaped protrusions are arranged on the working surface of the cam mechanism.

[0015] Preferably, the two annular rings are fixedly connected to the circular tube anchor rod body by welding.

[0016] Preferably, among the two annular rings, the annular ring located in front is configured as a force-bearing ring matched with an external tray, and the annular ring located at the rear is configured as a propelling ring matched with a mounting tool.

[0017] Preferably, the working steps of the front-end resiliently expandable split-type high-anchoring-force anchor rod are as follows:

[0018] S1, according to the engineering design requirements and the size of the anchor rod, drill the anchor hole on the rock mass or soil body, fix the base body to the inner wall of the neck, install the cam mechanism in the long slot hole at the front end of the fixed shaft through the rotating shaft, then put the first compression spring on the fixed shaft, and connect the front end of the first compression spring with the flat washer as a limiting piece, after assembly, the cam mechanism has a tendency to open outward under the pre-tightening force of the elastic element;

[0019] S2, use the installation tool to clamp the ring at the rear end of the round pipe anchor rod body, align the front end of the anchor rod and push it into the pre-drilled anchor hole, during the pushing process, when the tooth surface of the cam mechanism contacts with the hole wall, it is subjected to radial extrusion, the extrusion force overcomes the elastic force of the elastic element, forcing the cam mechanism to rotate inward around the rotating shaft and shrink into the containing space, at this time, the maximum outer diameter of the cam mechanism is reduced, thereby significantly reducing the frictional resistance between the front end of the anchor rod and the hole wall, so that the anchor rod can be smoothly and labor-saving pushed to the designed depth;

[0020] S3, when the round pipe anchor rod body is pushed to the predetermined position, stop applying the pushing force, at this time, the cam mechanism is no longer subjected to extrusion constraint in the installation direction, under the restoring force of the elastic element, the elastic element pushes the limiting piece, the flat washer in turn pushes the cam mechanism, so that the cam mechanism rotates outward around the rotating shaft and expands, the working surface of the cam mechanism is popped out and pressed tightly on the hole wall, since the maximum outer contour diameter of the cam mechanism is larger than the outer diameter of the round pipe anchor rod body, effective mechanical interlocking and frictional contact are formed, and high anchoring force is achieved.

[0021] Preferably, the step of S1 further comprises the following steps:

[0022] S11, constrain the outer contour diameter of the cam mechanism to be less than or equal to the outer diameter of the round pipe anchor rod body.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0024] 1. The present application is beneficial to improve the installation resistance and anchoring force of the round pipe anchor rod body through the collaborative design of the slotted round pipe anchor rod body, the cam mechanism built-in the front end neck and the double ring at the rear end, during installation, the cam mechanism is contracted under the extrusion of the hole wall, combined with the guidance of the neck, low-resistance smooth insertion is realized, after reaching the position, the cam mechanism is automatically popped open under the action of the elastic element, its maximum outer diameter is larger than the rod body, forming strong mechanical self-locking, providing high anchoring force, the slotted pipe body expands radially when subjected to tension, fully adheres to the hole wall, forming friction anchoring, and further improving the overall anchoring performance, at the same time, the elastic support of the elastic element makes it have self-adaptive resilience, which can dynamically maintain the pressing force in the environment of rock mass creep or vibration, ensuring long-term stability and reliability;

[0025] 2. The invention forms a stable mounting base by fixing the shaft and the long slot hole, so that the cam mechanism can reliably rotate in a limited space through the rotating shaft, the compression spring structure is compact, which can provide continuous and consistent radial expansion force, and the flat washer acts as a limiting piece, which can effectively prevent the cam mechanism from rebounding excessively while transmitting the spring thrust force, the overall structure assembly is simple and direct, which greatly improves the overall performance, action reliability and long-term stability of the mechanism while ensuring that the front cam mechanism can smoothly contract to facilitate installation and strongly expand to achieve high anchoring force;

[0026] 3. The invention precisely matches the arc-shaped hole with the fixed rod, so that the semicircular tooth-shaped cam can stably swing along the preset trajectory, ensuring that the expansion angle and position are accurately controllable, which improves the reliability of the anchoring action, the detachable limiting ring can firmly constrain the semicircular tooth-shaped cam in the contracted state before installation, which greatly improves the safety during transportation, handling and installation preparation, effectively preventing accidental expansion, the compact layout of the groove and the semicircular tooth-shaped cam makes the overall structure more robust and the space utilization more reasonable, which has the comprehensive advantages of accurate action, safe operation and stable structure while ensuring smooth installation and strong anchoring of the anchor rod;

[0027] 4. The invention can effectively press and embed the tooth-shaped protrusion into the drilled rock wall, significantly increasing the roughness and shear resistance of the contact surface, providing mechanical bite anchoring force far exceeding smooth surfaces, greatly enhancing the anti-pullout and anti-retreat effect, the circular ring and the circular tube anchor rod body are fixed by welding, ensuring the absolute firmness of the connection between the force ring, the advancing ring and the anchor rod, the force flow transmission is direct and there is no risk of slip, which greatly improves the reliability and durability of the overall structure, the two circular rings are respectively designed as the force ring and the advancing ring, realizing the separation of installation force and supporting load, the advancing ring is convenient to stably cooperate with the installation tool, ensuring accurate transmission of installation thrust, and the force ring is used for supporting the tray and transmitting supporting load, so that the anchor rod can bear reasonable and efficient stress in the installation and working stages. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the circular tube anchor rod body structure of the invention;

[0029] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the installation base structure of the invention;

[0030] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the cam mechanism structure of the invention;

[0031] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of one end structure of the circular tube anchor rod body of the invention;

[0032] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of another circular tube anchor rod body structure of the invention;

[0033] Figure 6 Another cam mechanism structure schematic view of the present application;

[0034] Figure 7 Another mounting base structure schematic view of the present application;

[0035] Figure 8 A use method flowchart of the present application.

[0036] In the figure: 1, round pipe anchor rod main body; 2, round ring; 3, neck; 4, mounting base; 5, containing space; 6, cam mechanism; 7, elastic element; 8, rotating shaft; 9, limiting piece; 10, arc-shaped hole; 11, fixed rod; 13, limiting ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0038] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "two ends", "one end", "the other end" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0039] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "provided with", "connected" and the like should be understood broadly, for example, "connected" can be fixedly connected, or detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically connected, or electrically connected; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; can be the communication inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0040] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4In one embodiment, the application provides a front-end resiliently expandable split high anchoring force anchor rod, which comprises a split round pipe anchor rod body 1, two axially spaced annular rings 2 are fixedly arranged side by side at the rear end of the round pipe anchor rod body 1, the front end of the round pipe anchor rod body 1 is radially compressed to form a neck portion 3 with a reduced diameter, the inner wall of the neck portion 3 is fixedly connected with a mounting base 4, the front end of the mounting base 4 is provided with an accommodating space 5, the inner wall of the accommodating space 5 is movably provided with a cam mechanism 6, the outer wall of the mounting base 4 or the inside of the accommodating space 5 is provided with an elastic element 7 for providing a radial expansion force, and the elastic element 7 interacts with the cam mechanism 6, when there is no external radial constraint, the cam mechanism 6 has a tendency to expand outward, when the cam mechanism 6 expands outward, the maximum outer contour diameter of the cam mechanism 6 is greater than the outer diameter of the round pipe anchor rod body 1, the mounting base 4 is a fixed shaft fixedly connected to the inner wall of the neck portion 3, the accommodating space 5 is a long slot hole in the form of a through slot provided at the front end of the fixed shaft in the axial direction, the cam mechanism 6 is a set of toothed cams, and one side of the toothed cams is rotatably mounted in the long slot hole through a rotating shaft 8, the elastic element 7 is a first compression spring sleeved on the fixed shaft, the rear end of the first compression spring is fixedly connected to the rear end of the fixed shaft, and the front end of the first compression spring is movably connected with a limiting piece 9, the limiting piece 9 is a flat washer, and one end of the flat washer is movably connected to the outer wall of the cam mechanism 6.

[0041] Further, the front end of the round pipe anchor rod body 1 is aligned with the pre-drilled anchor hole, since the neck portion 3 is radially compressed and has a smaller diameter than the round pipe anchor rod body 1, it can be easily inserted into the hole, and the split design makes the anchor rod as a whole have a certain flexibility, which is convenient for adapting to the hole direction, when the front end of the round pipe anchor rod body 1 extends into the deep part of the anchor hole, the cam mechanism 6 is released from external constraint, and under the pushing of the first compression spring, the cam mechanism 6 is rotated outward around the rotating shaft 8 and is expanded outward by the limiting piece 9, the maximum outer contour diameter of the cam is greater than the outer diameter of the round pipe anchor rod body 1, so that the tooth surface of the cam is tightly pressed against the hole wall, forming a first heavy mechanical embedded anchoring, when the round pipe anchor rod body 1 is subjected to tension, the split round pipe anchor rod body 1 elastically expands with stress, further adheres to the hole wall, and forms a front-rear double anchoring effect together with the front-end cam expansion, significantly improving the overall anchoring force, under the action of continuous load, the cam mechanism 6 slightly rotates under the reaction force of the hole wall, the first compression spring provides buffering and stores elastic potential energy, so that the cam always maintains close contact with the hole wall, this resilient design can adapt to local unevenness of the hole wall and prevent slippage caused by stress concentration, since the spring continuously provides a radial expansion force, even if the rock-soil body slightly creeps or loosens, the cam mechanism 6 can dynamically adjust and maintain the tight state, ensuring the long-term stability of the anchoring system, and it is especially suitable for engineering environments with vibration or load changes.

[0042] Please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7The application provides a front-end resiliently expandable split high anchoring force anchor rod, which comprises a split round pipe anchor rod body 1, two axially spaced annular rings 2 are fixedly arranged side by side at the rear end of the round pipe anchor rod body 1, the front end of the round pipe anchor rod body 1 is radially compressed to form a neck portion 3 with a reduced diameter, an installation base body 4 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the neck portion 3, a containing space 5 is arranged at the front end of the installation base body 4, a cam mechanism 6 is movably arranged on the inner wall of the containing space 5, a resilient element 7 for providing a radial expansion force is arranged on the outer wall of the installation base body 4 or the inner wall of the containing space 5, and the resilient element 7 interacts with the cam mechanism 6; when there is no external radial constraint, the cam mechanism 6 has a tendency to expand outward; when the cam mechanism 6 expands outward, the maximum outer contour diameter of the cam mechanism 6 is greater than the outer diameter of the round pipe anchor rod body 1; the installation base body 4 is a connecting seat fixedly connected to the inner wall of the neck portion 3; the containing space 5 is a groove formed on one side of the connecting seat; the cam mechanism 6 is a semicircular tooth-shaped cam; an arc-shaped hole 10 is formed in the middle of one side of the semicircular tooth-shaped cam; a fixed rod 11 is fixedly arranged in the groove; the outer wall of the fixed rod 11 penetrates through the arc-shaped hole 10, so that the semicircular tooth-shaped cam can swing along the path defined by the arc-shaped hole 10; the resilient element 7 is a second compression spring arranged in the groove; one end of the second compression spring is connected to the inner wall of the groove, and the other end of the second compression spring is connected to one end of the semicircular tooth-shaped cam; and the application further comprises a detachable limiting ring 13; before installation, the limiting ring 13 is sleeved on the outer wall of the connecting seat to constrain the semicircular tooth-shaped cam in a contracted state.

[0043] Further, before transportation and installation, the detachable limiting ring 13 is put on the connecting seat outside, so that the semicircular tooth-shaped cam is constrained in the contracted state against the force of the second compression spring. This design ensures that the front end of the anchor rod is absolutely safe before handling and insertion, and the cam cannot be accidentally opened. It is convenient for storage and operation. The limiting ring 13 is removed before the front end of the anchor rod is inserted into the hole. The diameter of the neck part 3 has been reduced, and the cam mechanism 6 is constrained in the contracted position by the anchor hole. The whole insertion process is smooth and unobstructed, and it can easily reach the predetermined anchoring depth. When the front end of the anchor rod reaches the predetermined position, the semicircular tooth-shaped cam is pushed by the second compression spring to swing outward and upward along the track defined by the arc-shaped hole 10 on the fixed rod 11, and the maximum expansion diameter of the cam is greater than the outer diameter of the anchor rod body. The tooth-shaped surface of the cam is pressed into the hole wall at once, forming a strong preliminary mechanical engagement. The arc-shaped hole 10 track ensures the accuracy and stability of the expansion angle and the final position. When the anchor rod is pulled, the rear split pipe anchor rod body 1 is elastically expanded in the radial direction under the action of the axial tension, tightly adhering to the middle and rear sections of the hole wall. This expansion is combined with the mechanical locking of the front cam to form a double cooperative anchoring mechanism of active locking at the front end and friction expansion at the middle and rear sections, effectively transmitting the load to a larger range of rock-soil body, greatly improving the overall anchoring force. In long-term use, if the rock-soil body creeps or slightly loosens, the cam mechanism 6 can perform small amplitude adaptive rebound or re-pressing along the arc-shaped hole 10 track under the continuous action of the internal second compression spring, always maintaining the effective pressure on the hole wall, avoiding the decay of anchoring force caused by the relaxation of surrounding rock, and ensuring the long-term reliability of the anchoring system.

[0044] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7The application provides another front-end resiliently expandable split high anchoring force anchor rod, which specifically comprises a split round pipe anchor rod body 1, two axially spaced annular rings 2 are fixedly arranged side by side at the rear end of the round pipe anchor rod body 1, the front end of the round pipe anchor rod body 1 is radially compressed to form a neck portion 3 with a reduced diameter, an installation base body 4 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the neck portion 3, a containing space 5 is arranged at the front end of the installation base body 4, a cam mechanism 6 is movably arranged on the inner wall of the containing space 5, an elastic element 7 for providing a radial expansion force is arranged on the outer wall of the installation base body 4 or the inner wall of the containing space 5, and the elastic element 7 interacts with the cam mechanism 6; when there is no external radial constraint, the cam mechanism 6 has a tendency to be expanded and opened outwards, when the cam mechanism 6 is expanded outwards, the maximum outer contour diameter of the cam mechanism 6 is greater than the outer diameter of the round pipe anchor rod body 1, a plurality of tooth-shaped protrusions are arranged on the working surface of the cam mechanism 6, the two annular rings 2 and the round pipe anchor rod body 1 are welded and fixed, among the two annular rings 2, the annular ring 2 at the front is constructed as a force bearing ring matched with an external tray, and the annular ring 2 at the rear is constructed as a propelling ring matched with an installation tool;

[0045] Further, the installation tool is buckled or pressed on the last end of the pushing ring specially designed to bear the installation thrust and stably matched with the installation tool to ensure that the thrust can be effectively and accurately transmitted in the axial direction when the anchor rod is inserted, avoiding the bending or distortion of the anchor rod body. The installation tool is used to smoothly push the anchor rod into the pre-drilled anchor hole. The neck 3 at the front end of the anchor rod is guided to be smoothly inserted due to the reduced diameter. The slotted anchor rod body has a certain flexibility to adapt to the slight deviation of the hole. The installation thrust is uniformly applied to the anchor rod through the pushing ring until it reaches the designed depth. When the restraint on the front end cam mechanism 6 is released, the cam mechanism 6 is expanded outward under the action of the elastic element 7. The multiple tooth-like protrusions on the working surface are strongly pressed into and embedded in the drilled rock wall at the expansion moment, forming a high mechanical engagement. The tooth-like structure significantly increases the roughness and shear resistance of the contact surface, providing initial anchoring force and pullout resistance far beyond that of a smooth surface, and constitutes a reliable front-end mechanical lock. The installation tool is withdrawn from the drilled hole, the bearing tray is sleeved on the tail end of the anchor rod, and the bearing tray is tightly attached to the front bearing ring. By applying a pulling force to the tail of the anchor rod, the anchor rod is pulled as a whole, and the slotted pipe body is elastically expanded in the radial direction, further pressing the hole wall. The pulling force is finally transmitted to the tray through the circular ring 2 which is reliably fixed by welding. The rock surface is pressed to form effective surface support. The welding connection ensures that the force transmission between the bearing ring and the anchor rod body is direct and firm, without the risk of relative slipping. During use, the load is borne by the tray-bearing ring system and transmitted through the pipe anchor rod body 1. The front-end tooth-like cam provides strong pullout resistance and anchoring, and the middle-expanded pipe body provides continuous friction anchoring. The two work together to disperse the load into the deep stable rock mass. Thanks to the solid welding structure and the efficient engagement of the tooth-like protrusions, the entire anchoring system can maintain high anchoring force for a long time, effectively resisting the adverse effects of rock and soil relaxation and vibration.

[0046] Please refer to Figure 8 The present application provides an embodiment: a use method of a front-end resiliently expandable slotted high-anchoring-force anchor rod. The working steps of the front-end resiliently expandable slotted high-anchoring-force anchor rod are as follows:

[0047] S1. According to the engineering design requirements and the size of the anchor rod, drill an anchor hole in the rock or soil body, fix the installation base 4 to the inner wall of the neck 3, install the cam mechanism 6 in the long slot hole at the front end of the fixed shaft through the shaft 8, then wrap the first compression spring around the fixed shaft, connect the front end of the first compression spring with the flat washer as the limiting piece 9, and assemble the cam mechanism 6 under the pre-tightening force of the first compression spring, which has a tendency to expand outward.

[0048] S2, after the ring 2 of the rear end of the round pipe anchor rod body 1 is clamped by the installation tool, the front end of the anchor rod is aligned and pushed into the pre-drilled anchor hole, during the pushing process, when the tooth surface of the cam mechanism 6 contacts with the hole wall of the anchor hole, it is subjected to radial extrusion, the extrusion force overcomes the elastic force of the elastic element 7, forcing the cam mechanism 6 to rotate inward around the rotation shaft 8, shrink into the containing space 5, at this time, the maximum outer diameter of the cam mechanism 6 is reduced, thereby significantly reducing the frictional resistance between the front end of the anchor rod and the hole wall, so that the anchor rod can be smoothly and labor-saving pushed to the designed depth;

[0049] S3, after the round pipe anchor rod body 1 is pushed to the predetermined position, stop applying the pushing force, at this time, the cam mechanism 6 is no longer extruded by the installation direction, under the action of the restoring force of the elastic element 7, the elastic element 7 pushes the limiting part 9, the flat washer and then pushes the cam mechanism 6, the cam mechanism 6 rotates outward around the rotation shaft 8, the working surface of the cam mechanism 6 is popped out and pressed on the hole wall of the anchor hole, because the maximum outer contour diameter of the cam mechanism 6 is larger than the outer diameter of the round pipe anchor rod body 1, effective mechanical interlocking and frictional contact are formed, high anchoring force is realized;

[0050] In step S1, the following steps are also included:

[0051] S11, the outer contour diameter of the cam mechanism 6 is constrained to be less than or equal to the outer diameter of the round pipe anchor rod body 1.

[0052] The working principle is that the cooperation of the slotted pipe anchor rod body 1, the cam mechanism 6 built in the front end neck 3 and the rear end double circular ring 2 is beneficial to improve the installation resistance and anchoring force of the pipe anchor rod body 1. During installation, the cam mechanism 6 is extruded and contracted by the hole wall, combined with the guidance of the neck 3, and smoothly inserted with low resistance. After being in place, the cam mechanism 6 is automatically popped open under the action of the elastic element 7, and the maximum outer diameter is greater than the rod body of the pipe anchor rod body 1, forming a strong mechanical self-locking, providing high anchoring force. The slotted pipe body expands radially when subjected to tension, fully adheres to the hole wall, forms friction anchoring, and further improves the overall anchoring performance. At the same time, the elastic support of the cam mechanism 6 makes it have self-adaptive resilience, which can dynamically maintain the compression force in the environment of rock mass creep or vibration, ensuring long-term stability and reliability. Through the fixed shaft and the long slot hole, a stable installation foundation is formed, so that the cam mechanism 6 can reliably rotate in the limited space through the rotating shaft 8. The compact structure of the elastic element 7 provided on the shaft can provide sustained and consistent radial expansion force. The flat washer as a limiting piece 9 can effectively prevent the cam mechanism 6 from over-rebounding while being pushed by the elastic element 7. The overall structure assembly is simple and direct. While ensuring that the front end cam mechanism 6 can smoothly contract to facilitate installation and strongly pop open to achieve high anchoring force, the overall performance, action reliability and long-term stability of the mechanism are greatly improved. Through the precise cooperation of the arc-shaped hole 10 and the fixed rod 11, the semicircular tooth-shaped cam can stably swing along the preset track, ensuring that the expansion angle and position are accurately controllable, and improving the reliability of the anchoring action. The detachable limiting ring 13 can firmly constrain the semicircular tooth-shaped cam in the contracted state before installation, greatly improving the safety during transportation, handling and installation preparation, effectively preventing accidental rebounding. The compact layout of the groove and the semicircular tooth-shaped cam makes the overall structure more robust and the space utilization more reasonable. This design ensures smooth installation and strong anchoring while having the comprehensive advantages of accurate action, safe operation and stable structure. The toothed protrusion can effectively press into and embed into the drilled rock wall, significantly increasing the roughness and shear resistance of the contact surface, providing mechanical bite anchoring force far exceeding the smooth surface, greatly enhancing the anti-pulling and anti-backout effect. The circular ring 2 and the pipe anchor rod body 1 are fixed by welding, ensuring that the connection between the load ring, the advancing ring and the anchor rod is absolutely firm, the force flow transmission is direct and there is no risk of slip, greatly improving the reliability and durability of the overall structure. The two circular rings 2 are respectively specially designed as load rings and advancing rings, realizing the separation of installation force and supporting load, the advancing ring is convenient to stably cooperate with the installation tool to ensure accurate transmission of installation force, and the load ring is specially used for supporting the tray and transmitting supporting load, so that the anchor rod is reasonably and efficiently stressed during installation and work.

[0053] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the application is not limited to the details of the above-exemplified embodiments and that the present application can be implemented in other particular forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present application. The embodiments should therefore be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the application being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the above description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. No reference signs in the claims should be considered as limiting the scope of the claims with respect to the figures of the patent document.

Claims

1. A front-end resiliently expandable split high anchoring force anchor rod comprising a split round tube anchor rod body (1), characterized in that: The rear end of the round pipe anchor rod body (1) is fixedly provided with two axially spaced annular rings (2) side by side, and the front end of the round pipe anchor rod body (1) is formed into a neck portion (3) with a reduced diameter through radial compression; The inner wall of the neck portion (3) is fixedly connected with a mounting base (4), and the front end of the mounting base (4) is provided with an accommodating space (5), and the inner wall of the accommodating space (5) is movably provided with a cam mechanism (6); The outer wall of the mounting base (4) or the inside of the accommodating space (5) is provided with an elastic element (7) for providing a radial expansion force, and the elastic element (7) interacts with the cam mechanism (6), and the cam mechanism (6) has a tendency to expand outwardly when there is no external radial constraint; When the cam mechanism (6) expands outwardly, the maximum outer contour diameter of the cam mechanism (6) is greater than the outer diameter of the round pipe anchor rod body (1).

2. A front end spring back expandable split high anchoring force rock bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting base (4) is a fixed shaft fixedly connected to the inner wall of the neck portion (3), the accommodating space (5) is a long slotted hole in the form of a through slot provided on the front end of the fixed shaft in the axial direction, the cam mechanism (6) is a set of tooth-shaped cams, one side of the tooth-shaped cam is rotatably mounted in the long slotted hole through a rotating shaft (8), the elastic element (7) is a first compression spring sleeved on the fixed shaft, the rear end of the first compression spring is fixedly connected to the rear end of the fixed shaft, and the front end of the first compression spring is movably connected to a limiting piece (9).

3. A front end spring back expandable split high anchoring force rock bolt according to claim 2, characterized in that: The limiting piece (9) is a flat washer, and one end of the flat washer is movably connected to the outer wall of the cam mechanism (6).

4. A front end spring back expandable split high anchoring force rock bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting base (4) is a connecting seat fixedly connected to the inner wall of the neck portion (3), the accommodating space (5) is a groove provided on one side of the connecting seat, the cam mechanism (6) is a semicircular tooth-shaped cam, an arc-shaped hole (10) is provided in the middle of one side of the semicircular tooth-shaped cam, a fixed rod (11) is fixedly arranged in the inside of the groove, and the outer wall of the fixed rod (11) penetrates through the arc-shaped hole (10), so that the semicircular tooth-shaped cam can swing along the path defined by the arc-shaped hole (10), and the elastic element (7) is a second compression spring arranged in the inside of the groove, one end of the second compression spring is connected to the inner wall of the groove, and the other end of the second compression spring is connected to one end of the semicircular tooth-shaped cam.

5. A front end spring back expandable split rock bolt of high anchoring force as claimed in claim 4, wherein: Further comprising a detachable limiting ring (13), before installation, the limiting ring (13) is sleeved on the outer wall of the connecting seat to constrain the semicircular tooth-shaped cam in a contracted state.

6. A front end spring back expandable split rock bolt of high anchoring force as claimed in claim 1, wherein: A plurality of tooth-shaped protrusions are arranged on the working surface of the cam mechanism (6).

7. A front end spring back expandable split high anchoring force rock bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two annular rings (2) and the round pipe anchor rod body (1) are fixedly welded.

8. A front end spring back expandable split rock bolt of high anchoring force as claimed in claim 1, wherein: Among the two annular rings (2), the annular ring (2) located in front is configured as a force-bearing ring matched with an external tray, and the annular ring (2) located in rear is configured as a propelling ring matched with a mounting machine.

9. A method of using a front-end resiliently expandable split high anchoring force anchor rod as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that, The working steps of the front-end resiliently expandable split-type high-anchoring-force anchor rod are as follows: S1, according to the engineering design requirements and the size of the anchor rod, drill anchor hole on the rock or soil, install the base (4) in the inner wall of the neck (3), install the cam mechanism (6) in the long slot hole at the front end of the fixed shaft through the rotating shaft (8), then wrap the first compression spring on the fixed shaft, and connect the front end of the first compression spring with the flat washer as the limiting piece (9), after assembly, the cam mechanism (6) has the tendency to open outward under the pre-tightening force of the elastic element (7); S2, use the installation tool to clamp the ring (2) at the rear end of the round pipe anchor rod body (1), align and push the front end of the anchor rod into the pre-drilled anchor hole, during the pushing process, when the tooth surface of the cam mechanism (6) contacts with the hole wall, it is subjected to radial extrusion, the extrusion force overcomes the elastic force of the elastic element (7), forcing the cam mechanism (6) to rotate inward around the rotating shaft (8) and shrink into the containing space (5), at this time, the maximum outer diameter of the cam mechanism (6) is reduced, thereby significantly reducing the frictional resistance between the front end of the anchor rod and the hole wall, so that the anchor rod can be smoothly and labor-saving pushed to the designed depth; S3, when the round pipe anchor rod body (1) is pushed to the predetermined position, stop applying the pushing force, at this time, the cam mechanism (6) is no longer extruded and constrained in the installation direction, under the restoring force of the elastic element (7), the elastic element (7) pushes the limiting piece (9), the limiting piece (9) in turn pushes the cam mechanism (6), so that the cam mechanism (6) rotates outward around the rotating shaft (8) and expands, the working surface of the cam mechanism (6) is ejected and pressed on the hole wall of the anchor hole, because the maximum outer diameter of the cam mechanism (6) is greater than the outer diameter of the round pipe anchor rod body (1), effective mechanical interlocking and frictional contact are formed, and high anchoring force is realized.

10. A method of using a front-end resiliently expandable split high anchoring force anchor rod as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that, In the S1, the following steps are further included: S11, constrain the outer diameter of the cam mechanism (6) to be less than or equal to the outer diameter of the round pipe anchor rod body (1).

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