Geological ecological restoration monitoring method and system after photovoltaic power generation project forest land occupation

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geological ecological restoration monitoring, in particular to a geological ecological restoration monitoring method and system after photovoltaic power generation project forest land occupation, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the comprehensive background investigation before construction, and constructing a digital background database; dynamic monitoring and comparative analysis of vegetation disturbance, soil damage and water and soil loss are carried out on different functional areas based on the database in the construction period; in the recovery period and the operation period, vegetation growth, soil environment and hydrological characteristic changes are continuously tracked through a fixed sample plot, and data are compared with a background value to evaluate the recovery effect; and finally, according to a monitoring result, dynamically adjusting a restoration measure, and setting an ecological threshold value to realize risk early warning and emergency disposal. According to the method, the problems of data islanding and phase disjunction in traditional monitoring are solved, and full-life-cycle and data-driven accurate ecological management and control are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological and ecological restoration monitoring technology, and in particular to a method and system for monitoring geological and ecological restoration after forest land is occupied by photovoltaic power generation projects. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation projects often require the occupation of large areas of forest and grassland. The construction of these projects inevitably disturbs or even damages the original ecosystem. Therefore, ecological restoration monitoring has become a mandatory requirement and core component of project environmental management.

[0003] However, in current monitoring methods, the baseline survey before construction is often merely a standalone report to meet environmental impact assessment requirements, with the data not digitized or systematically archived. Monitoring data during and after construction is disconnected from this baseline data, consisting only of simple comparisons or qualitative descriptions within its own cycle. This "data silo" phenomenon makes it impossible to accurately quantify the true extent of damage to the ecosystem or scientifically and objectively verify the effectiveness of restoration measures. Ultimately, management decisions lack continuous and reliable data support, hindering the leap from "passive remediation" to "proactive early warning and adaptive management," severely impacting the final effectiveness and sustainability of forest and grassland ecological restoration. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for monitoring the geological and ecological restoration of forest land after photovoltaic power generation projects, which solves the problems of isolated stages, disconnected data, and inability to form a unified assessment system for the entire life cycle in existing monitoring methods.

[0005] Another objective of this invention is to provide a geological and ecological restoration monitoring system for photovoltaic power generation projects that occupy forest land.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a method for monitoring the geological and ecological restoration of forest land after a photovoltaic power generation project has been occupied, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Before construction, a comprehensive survey of the woodlands and grasslands in the project area was conducted to obtain and record baseline data on vegetation, soil, topography, hydrology and biodiversity, and to build a digital baseline database.

[0008] Based on the baseline database, the ecological conditions of different functional areas are monitored separately, and the monitoring data are compared and analyzed with the baseline data to generate a dynamic monitoring report during the construction period;

[0009] After the vegetation restoration measures are implemented, the data on the current monitoring of the vegetation restoration effectiveness of forest land and grassland will be compared with the corresponding indicators in the baseline database on a regular basis to assess the restoration effectiveness. At the same time, the restoration of the forest and grassland production conditions in the temporarily occupied areas will be assessed to obtain the assessment results.

[0010] During the project operation period, based on the established fixed monitoring plots, the long-term changing trends of vegetation growth, soil environment and hydrological characteristics in the restoration area are continuously monitored, and the test results are obtained. Finally, the monitoring data are entered into the database.

[0011] Based on the assessment and monitoring results, the specific measures for replanting, soil improvement, and restoration of production conditions will be dynamically adjusted.

[0012] Based on long-term monitoring data, early warning thresholds for key ecological indicators are set. When the monitoring data exceeds the early warning threshold, an early warning is triggered and the corresponding emergency response plan is initiated.

[0013] The comprehensive survey of woodlands and grasslands within the project area prior to construction includes the following:

[0014] Record the vegetation types, species composition, cover status, and dominant species of shrubland, other woodlands, and grasslands in the project area;

[0015] Determine soil texture, thickness, organic matter content, pH value, and stone content;

[0016] Obtain the elevation, slope, aspect, and rock exposure rate of the project area;

[0017] Analyze the groundwater depth, seasonal variations, and surface runoff characteristics in the project area;

[0018] Record the species, distribution, and habitat conditions of flora and fauna in the project area.

[0019] The specific steps for generating a dynamic monitoring report during the construction period, based on a baseline database, include monitoring the ecological conditions of different functional areas separately, comparing and analyzing the monitoring data with the baseline data, and then performing the following analysis:

[0020] Using drone aerial photography or satellite remote sensing imagery, identify and quantify the areas and extent of vegetation disturbance caused by construction activities;

[0021] Monitor the degree of topsoil stripping, soil compaction, and hardening in the temporarily occupied area;

[0022] Water and soil erosion monitoring points were set up in key disturbance areas to measure runoff and sediment content;

[0023] The real-time monitoring data is spatially superimposed and compared with the corresponding background values ​​in the background database to assess the degree of damage and generate a dynamic monitoring report during the construction period.

[0024] The assessment of vegetation restoration effectiveness includes monitoring vegetation cover, survival rate, biomass, and community structure, and comparing them with baseline data.

[0025] The assessment of production condition restoration includes: for temporarily occupied forest land, assessing whether the soil cover thickness is ≥60cm and the site slope is ≤15°; for temporarily occupied grassland, assessing whether the vegetation cover is ≥30%.

[0026] During the project's operation period, based on established fixed monitoring plots, the long-term trends of vegetation growth, soil environment, and hydrological characteristics in the restored area are continuously monitored, and the monitoring results are obtained. The specific steps for finally entering the monitoring data into the database include:

[0027] Establish permanent monitoring plots in vegetation restoration areas and key observation points;

[0028] Deploy an IoT sensor network to monitor environmental parameters such as soil moisture and temperature in real time;

[0029] Regularly conduct manual surveys to assess the stability of ecosystem structure and function;

[0030] All monitoring data are continuously entered into the database to form a long-term series dataset for trend analysis.

[0031] The specific steps for dynamically adjusting replanting, soil improvement, and production condition restoration measures include:

[0032] For areas where the vegetation survival rate does not meet the standards, a replanting and reseeding procedure will be initiated;

[0033] For areas where soil organic matter content is significantly lower than the background value, soil improvement measures should be implemented;

[0034] For areas in the temporary occupation zone where production conditions do not meet the standards, additional soil covering or leveling operations should be carried out.

[0035] The specific steps for setting early warning thresholds for key ecological indicators based on long-term monitoring data, and triggering an early warning and initiating corresponding emergency response plans when monitoring data exceeds the early warning thresholds, include:

[0036] Quantitative early warning thresholds are set for core indicators such as vegetation cover and soil erosion modulus;

[0037] The monitoring platform compares monitoring data with early warning thresholds in real time.

[0038] Once an alert is triggered, it will automatically generate an alert report containing handling suggestions;

[0039] Activate the corresponding emergency response plan, including replanting, constructing soil and water conservation facilities, or strengthening management and protection.

[0040] Furthermore, the geological and ecological restoration monitoring system proposed in this invention after the occupation of forest land by photovoltaic power generation projects includes:

[0041] The database construction module is used to conduct a comprehensive survey of the woodland and grassland in the project area before construction, to obtain and record baseline data on vegetation, soil, topography, hydrology and biodiversity, and to build a digital baseline database.

[0042] The monitoring report generation module is used to monitor the ecological conditions of different functional areas based on the baseline database, compare and analyze the monitoring data with the baseline data, and generate a dynamic monitoring report for the construction period.

[0043] The evaluation result generation module is used to periodically compare the currently monitored vegetation restoration effectiveness data of forest land and grassland with the corresponding indicators in the baseline database after the implementation of vegetation restoration measures, so as to evaluate the restoration effectiveness and simultaneously evaluate the restoration status of forest and grassland production conditions in the temporarily occupied areas, and obtain the evaluation results.

[0044] The data detection module is used to continuously monitor the long-term changing trends of vegetation growth, soil environment and hydrological characteristics in the restored area based on the established fixed monitoring plots during the project operation period, obtain the detection results, and finally enter the monitoring data into the database.

[0045] The dynamic adjustment module is used to dynamically adjust the specific measures for replanting, soil improvement, and restoration of production conditions based on the assessment and monitoring results.

[0046] The dynamic early warning module is used to set early warning thresholds for key ecological indicators based on long-term monitoring data. When the monitoring data exceeds the early warning threshold, an early warning is triggered and the corresponding emergency response plan is activated.

[0047] This invention discloses a method and system for monitoring geological and ecological restoration after forest land occupation in photovoltaic power generation projects. By constructing a digital monitoring system spanning the entire project lifecycle, this invention overcomes the shortcomings of traditional methods, such as isolated data and disconnected stages. The baseline database established before construction provides a precise quantitative benchmark for monitoring in all subsequent stages, making ecological damage assessment and restoration effectiveness verification more objective. Utilizing spatial information technology and IoT sensor networks, it achieves automatic collection, fusion analysis, and visualization of multi-source data, significantly improving monitoring efficiency and accuracy. By setting early warning thresholds and establishing a dynamic feedback mechanism, it achieves a fundamental shift from passive remediation to proactive early warning and adaptive management, significantly improving the success rate and sustainability of forest and grassland ecological restoration, and providing a complete technical support system for the ecological protection of photovoltaic projects. Attached Figure Description

[0048] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below.

[0049] Figure 1This is a flowchart of the geological and ecological restoration monitoring method for photovoltaic power generation projects after forest land occupation.

[0050] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the geological and ecological restoration monitoring system for photovoltaic power generation projects after forest land occupation, as per the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0052] Please see Figure 1 ,in Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the geological and ecological restoration monitoring method after a photovoltaic power generation project occupies forest land.

[0053] This invention provides a method for monitoring the geological and ecological restoration after a photovoltaic power generation project occupies forest land, comprising the following steps:

[0054] S1: Conduct a comprehensive survey of the woodlands and grasslands within the project area before construction, obtain and record baseline data on vegetation, soil, topography, hydrology and biodiversity, and build a digital baseline database.

[0055] Specifically, S11: Record the vegetation type, species composition, cover status, and dominant species of shrubland, other woodland, and grassland in the project area;

[0056] S12: Determine soil texture, thickness, organic matter content, pH value, and stone content;

[0057] S13: Obtain the elevation, slope, aspect, and rock exposure rate of the project area;

[0058] S14: Analyze the groundwater depth, seasonal variations, and surface runoff characteristics in the project area;

[0059] S15: Record the species, distribution, and habitat conditions of flora and fauna in the project area.

[0060] In this implementation, a combination of quadrat survey and remote sensing interpretation was first used to record in detail the vegetation types, species composition, cover status, and dominant species of shrubland, other woodlands, and grasslands in the project area, establishing a complete vegetation resource inventory. Subsequently, in accordance with the "Forest Soil Analysis Methods" standard, sampling points were set up in representative areas to measure key physicochemical indicators such as soil texture, thickness, organic matter content, pH value, and stone content in stratified soil layers. Simultaneously, high-precision digital elevation models (DEMs) were acquired using UAV aerial photography, combined with on-site surveys to accurately obtain topographic feature data such as elevation, slope, aspect, and rock exposure rate of the project area. Monitoring wells and runoff were then deployed. The flow field analysis system examines the groundwater depth, seasonal variations, and surface runoff characteristics in the project area to understand regional hydrological dynamics. Using transect methods and infrared camera trapping technology, it comprehensively records the species, distribution, and habitat conditions of flora and fauna in the project area, scientifically assessing biodiversity levels. All survey data undergoes standardized processing before being imported into a baseline database built on GIS technology. This database employs a spatial database management model, precisely linking various ecological element data with geographic coordinates to achieve spatial visualization querying and comprehensive analysis. Simultaneously, multi-level access control ensures data security, providing data support for subsequent monitoring and assessment stages.

[0061] S2: Based on the baseline database, monitor the ecological conditions of different functional areas separately, compare and analyze the monitoring data with the baseline data, and generate a dynamic monitoring report for the construction period.

[0062] Specifically, S21: Use drone aerial photography or satellite remote sensing imagery to identify and quantify the areas and extent of vegetation disturbance caused by construction activities;

[0063] S22: Monitor the degree of topsoil stripping, soil compaction, and hardening in the temporary occupation area;

[0064] S23: Set up soil and water conservation monitoring points in key disturbance areas to measure runoff and sediment content;

[0065] S24: Spatially overlay and compare the real-time monitoring data with the corresponding background values ​​in the background database to assess the degree of damage and generate a dynamic monitoring report for the construction period.

[0066] In this embodiment, firstly, drones equipped with high-resolution cameras are used to conduct regular aerial photography. Combined with multi-temporal satellite remote sensing images, image segmentation and change detection algorithms are used to accurately identify and quantify the areas and extent of vegetation disturbance caused by construction activities. Simultaneously, a portable soil compaction meter is used to monitor the topsoil stripping, soil compaction, and degree of hardening in the temporarily occupied areas, and to record various physical index data. Standard runoff plots and automatic acquisition devices are deployed in key disturbance areas to measure runoff and sediment content in real time, obtaining dynamic data on soil erosion. Finally, through a dedicated data analysis platform, the real-time monitoring data is spatially overlaid and compared with the corresponding baseline values ​​in the baseline database. Methods such as difference maps and rate of change calculation are used to quantitatively assess the degree of ecological damage, and a dynamic monitoring report during the construction period, including spatial distribution maps, data statistics tables, and damage assessment conclusions, is automatically generated.

[0067] S3: After the vegetation restoration measures are implemented, the data on the current monitoring of the vegetation restoration effectiveness of forest land and grassland are regularly compared with the corresponding indicators in the baseline database to assess the restoration effectiveness, and the restoration of forest and grassland production conditions in the temporarily occupied areas are assessed simultaneously to obtain the assessment results.

[0068] Specifically, the assessment of vegetation restoration effectiveness includes: monitoring vegetation cover, survival rate, biomass and community structure, and comparing them with baseline data;

[0069] The assessment of production condition restoration includes: for temporarily occupied forest land, assessing whether the soil cover thickness is ≥60cm and the site slope is ≤15°; for temporarily occupied grassland, assessing whether the vegetation cover is ≥30%.

[0070] In this embodiment, after vegetation restoration measures are implemented, a combination of fixed quadrat monitoring and UAV multispectral remote sensing is used to regularly monitor key indicators such as vegetation cover, survival rate, biomass, and community structure in forests and grasslands. Vegetation cover is obtained through UAV orthophoto interpretation combined with ground quadrat verification; survival rate is statistically calculated using a standard quadrat survey method; biomass is calculated by combining a specific leaf weight model with remote sensing vegetation index inversion; and community structure is quantitatively assessed through importance value calculation and diversity index analysis. All monitoring data are uploaded to the monitoring platform in real time via a dedicated data acquisition terminal, and the platform automatically retrieves data from the baseline database. Based on the baseline values ​​of corresponding indicators for each region, a restoration index model is used for comparative analysis to generate quantitative assessment results that include restoration progress, restoration quality, and gap analysis. Simultaneously, for temporarily occupied areas, RTK measuring instruments are used to accurately measure soil cover thickness and site slope. A vegetation cover calculation model is used to assess grassland restoration status, strictly adhering to the production condition restoration standards of ≥60cm soil cover thickness, ≤15° site slope, and ≥30% grassland vegetation cover for temporarily occupied forest land. Finally, the system automatically generates a comprehensive restoration effectiveness assessment report with illustrations, detailing the restoration compliance status of various indicators in each region, providing a decision-making basis for precise management of ecological restoration projects.

[0071] S4: During the project operation period, based on the established fixed monitoring plots, continuously monitor the long-term changing trends of vegetation growth, soil environment and hydrological characteristics in the restoration area, obtain the test results, and finally enter the monitoring data into the database.

[0072] Specifically, S41: Establish permanent fixed monitoring plots in vegetation restoration areas and key observation points;

[0073] S42: Deploy an IoT sensor network to monitor environmental parameters such as soil moisture and temperature in real time;

[0074] S43: Conduct regular manual surveys to assess the stability of ecosystem structure and function;

[0075] S44: Continuously input all monitoring data into the database to form a long-term series dataset for trend analysis.

[0076] In this implementation, permanent fixed monitoring plots are established in vegetation restoration areas and key observation points using precise GPS positioning. The plot layout follows the principles of representativeness, consistency, and repeatability, with each plot marked by permanent markers and detailed records. An Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring network, including sensors for soil moisture, temperature, and electrical conductivity, is deployed. Sensor data is uploaded to a cloud platform in real time via LoRa wireless transmission technology, enabling continuous and automatic collection of soil environmental parameters. Simultaneously, regular manual surveys are conducted, employing standard ecological survey methods to assess the stability of ecosystem structure and function. This includes quarterly measurements of vegetation growth indicators (tree height, diameter at breast height, and new shoot growth), annual comprehensive biodiversity surveys (species richness, Shannon-Wiener index, and Pielou evenness index), and comprehensive testing of soil physicochemical properties. All monitoring data is continuously entered into a central database through a unified data interface. Time series analysis is used to establish ecological parameter change trend models, and data visualization technology is used to generate ecological restoration trend maps. This provides a scientific basis for assessing the long-term stability and succession direction of the ecosystem, and also provides data support for ecological risk early warning.

[0077] S5: Based on the assessment and monitoring results, dynamically adjust the specific measures for replanting, soil improvement, and restoration of production conditions.

[0078] Specifically, S51: For areas where the vegetation survival rate does not meet the standard, a replanting and reseeding procedure shall be initiated;

[0079] S52: Implement soil improvement measures in areas where the soil organic matter content is significantly lower than the background value;

[0080] S53: For areas where production conditions in temporary occupied areas do not meet the standards, additional soil covering or leveling operations shall be carried out.

[0081] In this embodiment, based on the evaluation and monitoring results of steps S3 and S4, when the system detects areas where vegetation survival rates do not meet the standards, it automatically initiates a replanting program. Suitable tree species are selected according to the native vegetation list in the baseline database, and container seedling targeted replanting technology is used to ensure that the replanting density matches the native community structure. A work order containing specific coordinates, replanting quantity, and tree species requirements is sent to management personnel via a mobile terminal. For areas where soil organic matter content is significantly lower than the baseline value, the system intelligently generates an improvement plan based on soil testing results, accurately calculates the amount of organic fertilizer applied and the ratio of amendments, and implements the plan using a fixed-point fertilizer applicator. Layered improvement operations are carried out, and the improvement effect is monitored in real time through IoT sensors. For areas where production conditions in temporary occupation areas do not meet the standards, 3D laser scanning technology is used to accurately identify areas with insufficient soil cover thickness or excessive slope, automatically plan soil allocation schemes, and use GPS-guided graders for precise operation to ensure that the soil cover thickness reaches the standard of 60±5cm and the slope is controlled below 15°. All restoration operations are monitored for quality through drone inspections, and restoration data is transmitted back to the monitoring platform in real time, forming a complete closed-loop management process of "monitoring-evaluation-decision-implementation-verification", which significantly improves the accuracy and effectiveness of ecological restoration.

[0082] S6: Based on long-term monitoring data, set early warning thresholds for key ecological indicators. When the monitoring data exceeds the early warning threshold, trigger an early warning and initiate the corresponding emergency response plan.

[0083] Specifically, S61: Set quantitative early warning thresholds for core indicators such as vegetation cover and soil erosion modulus;

[0084] S62: Real-time comparison of monitoring data with early warning thresholds through the monitoring platform;

[0085] S63: Once an alert is triggered, an alert report containing handling suggestions will be automatically generated;

[0086] S64: Activate the corresponding emergency response plan, including replanting, constructing soil and water conservation facilities, or strengthening management and protection.

[0087] In this embodiment, based on a time-series database formed from long-term monitoring data, the Statistical Process Control (SPC) method is used to set dynamic early warning thresholds for core ecological indicators such as vegetation cover, soil erosion modulus, and groundwater depth. The vegetation cover threshold is set based on 70% of the baseline value, and the soil erosion modulus threshold is set according to the allowable loss in the "Soil Erosion Classification and Grading Standard." An integrated ecological monitoring platform collects and compares monitoring data with the early warning thresholds in real time. The platform uses machine learning algorithms to establish an anomaly detection model. When monitoring data exceeds the early warning threshold three times consecutively or a single data point exceeds the limit threshold, the system automatically triggers the early warning mechanism. After the early warning is triggered, the system... The platform immediately generates an early warning report containing spatial location, risk level, trend of change, and disposal recommendations, which is simultaneously pushed to management personnel via SMS, email, and platform pop-up. At the same time, it automatically activates corresponding emergency response plans, including launching a drone-based precision replanting program for vegetation degradation areas, automatically generating protective facility design plans (such as retaining wall angles and drainage ditch dimensions) for soil erosion areas, and sending emergency response instructions to on-site personnel via mobile terminals. All disposal process and effect data are transmitted back to the monitoring platform in real time, forming a complete intelligent closed-loop management process of "monitoring-early warning-disposal-verification", which greatly improves the timeliness and effectiveness of ecological risk response.

[0088] The geological and ecological restoration monitoring method for photovoltaic power generation projects after forest land occupation, as described in this invention, achieves refined, intelligent, and systematic management of the ecological restoration process by constructing an integrated technical system of "investigation-monitoring-assessment-early warning-disposal" throughout the entire project lifecycle. It uses a baseline database as the benchmark for all monitoring and assessment work, and leverages technologies such as multi-source remote sensing, IoT sensing, and spatial information to achieve real-time monitoring and accurate assessment of ecological elements. By establishing a dynamic feedback mechanism and an intelligent early warning system, it achieves a shift from passive governance to proactive prevention and control. Ultimately, it forms a complete closed-loop management system, providing comprehensive technical support for the ecological protection and restoration of photovoltaic projects, significantly improving the quality and efficiency of forest and grassland ecological restoration, and possessing significant value for widespread application.

[0089] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the geological and ecological restoration monitoring system for forest land occupation following the photovoltaic power generation project of this invention, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, system 10 includes:

[0090] Database construction module 100 is used to conduct a comprehensive survey of the woodland and grassland in the project area before construction, obtain and record baseline data on vegetation, soil, topography, hydrology and biodiversity, and build a digital baseline database.

[0091] The monitoring report generation module 200 is used to monitor the ecological conditions of different functional areas based on the baseline database, compare and analyze the monitoring data with the baseline data, and generate a dynamic monitoring report for the construction period.

[0092] The evaluation result generation module 300 is used to periodically compare the currently monitored vegetation restoration effectiveness data of forest land and grassland with the corresponding indicators in the baseline database after the implementation of vegetation restoration measures, so as to evaluate the restoration effectiveness and simultaneously evaluate the restoration status of forest and grassland production conditions in the temporarily occupied area, and obtain the evaluation results.

[0093] The data detection module 400 is used to continuously monitor the long-term changing trends of vegetation growth, soil environment and hydrological characteristics in the restored area based on the established fixed monitoring plots during the project operation period, obtain the detection results, and finally enter the monitoring data into the database.

[0094] The dynamic adjustment module 500 is used to dynamically adjust specific measures for replanting, soil improvement, and restoration of production conditions based on assessment and monitoring results.

[0095] The dynamic early warning module 600 is used to set early warning thresholds for key ecological indicators based on long-term monitoring data. When the monitoring data exceeds the early warning threshold, an early warning is triggered and the corresponding emergency response plan is initiated.

[0096] The geological and ecological restoration monitoring system for photovoltaic power generation projects after forest land occupation, as described in this invention, achieves refined, intelligent, and systematic management of the ecological restoration process by constructing an integrated technical system of "investigation-monitoring-assessment-early warning-disposal" throughout the entire project lifecycle. It uses a baseline database as the benchmark for all monitoring and assessment work, and leverages technologies such as multi-source remote sensing, IoT sensing, and spatial information to achieve real-time monitoring and accurate assessment of ecological elements. By establishing a dynamic feedback mechanism and an intelligent early warning system, it achieves a shift from passive governance to proactive prevention and control. Ultimately, it forms a complete closed-loop management system, providing comprehensive technical support for the ecological protection and restoration of photovoltaic projects, significantly improving the quality and efficiency of forest and grassland ecological restoration, and possessing significant value for widespread application.

[0097] The above-disclosed embodiments are merely one or more preferred embodiments of this application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes for implementing the above embodiments and equivalent changes made in accordance with the claims of this application still fall within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring the geological and ecological restoration of forest land after a photovoltaic power generation project, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Before construction, a comprehensive survey of the woodlands and grasslands in the project area was conducted to obtain and record baseline data on vegetation, soil, topography, hydrology and biodiversity, and to build a digital baseline database. Based on the baseline database, the ecological conditions of different functional areas are monitored separately, and the monitoring data are compared and analyzed with the baseline data to generate a dynamic monitoring report during the construction period; After the vegetation restoration measures are implemented, the data on the current monitoring of the vegetation restoration effectiveness of forest land and grassland will be compared with the corresponding indicators in the baseline database on a regular basis to assess the restoration effectiveness. At the same time, the restoration of the forest and grassland production conditions in the temporarily occupied areas will be assessed to obtain the assessment results. During the project operation period, based on the established fixed monitoring plots, the long-term changing trends of vegetation growth, soil environment and hydrological characteristics in the restoration area are continuously monitored, and the test results are obtained. Finally, the monitoring data are entered into the database. Based on the assessment and monitoring results, the specific measures for replanting, soil improvement, and restoration of production conditions will be dynamically adjusted. Based on long-term monitoring data, early warning thresholds for key ecological indicators are set. When the monitoring data exceeds the early warning threshold, an early warning is triggered and the corresponding emergency response plan is initiated.

2. The method for monitoring geological and ecological restoration after forest land occupation by photovoltaic power generation projects as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific details of the comprehensive survey of woodlands and grasslands within the project area before construction include: Record the vegetation types, species composition, cover status, and dominant species of shrubland, other woodlands, and grasslands in the project area; Determine soil texture, thickness, organic matter content, pH value, and stone content; Obtain the elevation, slope, aspect, and rock exposure rate of the project area; Analyze the groundwater depth, seasonal variations, and surface runoff characteristics in the project area; Record the species, distribution, and habitat conditions of flora and fauna in the project area.

3. The method for monitoring geological and ecological restoration after forest land occupation by photovoltaic power generation projects as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the baseline database, the specific steps for monitoring the ecological conditions of different functional zones separately, comparing and analyzing the monitoring data with the baseline data, and generating a dynamic monitoring report for the construction period include: Using drone aerial photography or satellite remote sensing imagery, identify and quantify the areas and extent of vegetation disturbance caused by construction activities; Monitor the degree of topsoil stripping, soil compaction, and hardening in the temporarily occupied area; Water and soil erosion monitoring points were set up in key disturbance areas to measure runoff and sediment content; The real-time monitoring data is spatially superimposed and compared with the corresponding background values ​​in the background database to assess the degree of damage and generate a dynamic monitoring report during the construction period.

4. The method for monitoring geological and ecological restoration after forest land occupation by photovoltaic power generation projects as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The assessment of vegetation restoration effectiveness includes: monitoring vegetation cover, survival rate, biomass and community structure, and comparing them with baseline data; The assessment of production condition restoration includes: for temporarily occupied forest land, assessing whether the soil cover thickness is ≥60cm and the site slope is ≤15°; for temporarily occupied grassland, assessing whether the vegetation cover is ≥30%.

5. The method for monitoring geological and ecological restoration after forest land occupation by photovoltaic power generation projects as described in claim 1, characterized in that, During the project's operation period, based on established fixed monitoring plots, the long-term trends of vegetation growth, soil environment, and hydrological characteristics in the restored area are continuously monitored, and the monitoring results are obtained. Finally, the monitoring data is entered into the database. The specific steps include: Establish permanent monitoring plots in vegetation restoration areas and key observation points; Deploy an IoT sensor network to monitor environmental parameters such as soil moisture and temperature in real time; Regularly conduct manual surveys to assess the stability of ecosystem structure and function; All monitoring data are continuously entered into the database to form a long-term series dataset for trend analysis.

6. The method for monitoring geological and ecological restoration after forest land occupation by photovoltaic power generation projects as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for dynamically adjusting replanting, soil improvement, and production condition restoration measures include: For areas where the vegetation survival rate does not meet the standards, a replanting and reseeding procedure will be initiated; For areas where soil organic matter content is significantly lower than the background value, soil improvement measures should be implemented; For areas in the temporary occupation zone where production conditions do not meet the standards, additional soil covering or leveling operations should be carried out.

7. The method for monitoring geological and ecological restoration after forest land occupation by photovoltaic power generation projects as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on long-term monitoring data, early warning thresholds for key ecological indicators are set. When the monitoring data exceeds the early warning threshold, the specific steps to trigger an early warning and activate the corresponding emergency response plan include: Quantitative early warning thresholds are set for core indicators such as vegetation cover and soil erosion modulus; The monitoring platform compares monitoring data with early warning thresholds in real time. Once an alert is triggered, it will automatically generate an alert report containing handling suggestions; Activate the corresponding emergency response plan, including replanting, constructing soil and water conservation facilities, or strengthening management and protection.

8. A geological and ecological restoration monitoring system for photovoltaic power generation projects after forest land occupation, characterized in that, include: The database construction module is used to conduct a comprehensive survey of the woodland and grassland in the project area before construction, to obtain and record baseline data on vegetation, soil, topography, hydrology and biodiversity, and to build a digital baseline database. The monitoring report generation module is used to monitor the ecological conditions of different functional areas based on the baseline database, compare and analyze the monitoring data with the baseline data, and generate a dynamic monitoring report for the construction period. The evaluation result generation module is used to periodically compare the currently monitored vegetation restoration effectiveness data of forest land and grassland with the corresponding indicators in the baseline database after the implementation of vegetation restoration measures, so as to evaluate the restoration effectiveness and simultaneously evaluate the restoration status of forest and grassland production conditions in the temporarily occupied areas, and obtain the evaluation results. The data detection module is used to continuously monitor the long-term changing trends of vegetation growth, soil environment and hydrological characteristics in the restored area based on the established fixed monitoring plots during the project operation period, obtain the detection results, and finally enter the monitoring data into the database. The dynamic adjustment module is used to dynamically adjust the specific measures for replanting, soil improvement, and restoration of production conditions based on the assessment and monitoring results. The dynamic early warning module is used to set early warning thresholds for key ecological indicators based on long-term monitoring data. When the monitoring data exceeds the early warning threshold, an early warning is triggered and the corresponding emergency response plan is initiated.

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