Energy selective material response and recovery time waveguide test method and system

Abstract

The application provides an energy selection material response and recovery time waveguide test method and system, adopts a signal source and a power amplifier to replace a strong field emission source, combines a waveguide-coaxial converter to construct a strong field environment, and constructs an energy selection material response / recovery time test system in a laboratory, and has the advantages of simple method, easy implementation, low cost and high accuracy, and improves test efficiency. The application is light in the whole, the cable length required by two paths in the application is shorter than that required by a long cable for space field test, and the time delay of two channels is easier to control, so that the accuracy is improved for nanosecond-level response time and microsecond-level recovery time. The application has the advantages of simple method and strong engineering applicability, and has low requirements for the to-be-tested sample of the energy selection material, and does not need to prepare a large-area sample plate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of electromagnetic protection technology, specifically relating to a method and system for testing the response and recovery time waveguide of energy-selective materials. Background Technology

[0002] Energy-selective materials (ESCs) are a novel technology for protection against strong electromagnetic pulse (EMP) fields. By integrating semiconductor components, the equivalent impedance of the material changes with the intensity of the incident energy, thus achieving adaptive protection. The main performance indicators of ESCs include insertion loss, shielding effectiveness, response time, and recovery time. As a composite material, the insertion loss and shielding effectiveness of ESCs can be tested according to GJB 7954-2012 "Test Method for Transmittance of Radar Transmitting Materials" and GB / T 30142-2013 "Measurement Method for Shielding Effectiveness of Planar Electromagnetic Shielding Materials," respectively. However, there are currently no relevant testing standards for the response time and recovery time of ESCs.

[0003] The definition of response time and recovery time for energy-selective materials is not clearly defined. In this invention, the definition of response / recovery time for a certain type of road protection device is adopted, and the definition of response / recovery time is specified as follows:

[0004] Response time: The time it takes for energy to rise from 0 to 50% of the peak leakage; Recovery time: The time it takes for energy to drop from 70% of the stable level to the steady output.

[0005] As a field protection method, the performance testing of energy-selective materials often employs space field testing. However, this method has the following drawbacks in measuring response / recovery time:

[0006] (1) A strong field needs to be generated by a strong field emission source, which places very high demands on the matching equipment. Repeated testing can easily lead to a shortened lifespan of the microwave source.

[0007] (2) A longer cable is required to transmit the received signal from the strong field environment to the shielded signal processing room. For a nanosecond-level response time, the cable itself is prone to introducing a large time error.

[0008] (3) The requirements for the receiving antenna are high. Without the addition of energy selection material, the receiving antenna needs to directly receive strong field signals, and the coupling energy reaches kilowatts or even megawatts, which can easily cause arcing and lead to inaccurate test results. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method and system for testing the response and recovery time of energy selective materials, which is used to construct a test system for the response / recovery time of energy selective materials in the laboratory.

[0010] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a method for testing the response and recovery time waveguide of energy-selective materials, comprising the following steps:

[0011] S1: Set up the test system, including a signal source and a power amplifier connected in sequence, and a first circuit for comparison and a second circuit for testing energy-selective materials connected in parallel at the output of the power amplifier;

[0012] S2: Zeroing the system without adding the material to select the energy to be measured;

[0013] S3: Add the energy-selective material to be tested between the first waveguide-coaxial converter and the second waveguide-coaxial converter;

[0014] S4: Gradually increase the output power of the signal source until the energy selection material enters the protection state; calculate the protection effectiveness of the energy selection material based on the peak voltage of the waveforms in the two channels of the oscilloscope;

[0015] S5: Compare the waveforms of the two channels of the oscilloscope to determine the start and end points of the response and recovery times of the energy selective material;

[0016] S6: Calculate response time and recovery time.

[0017] According to the above scheme, in step S1,

[0018] The first line includes a directional coupler, a first attenuator, and an oscilloscope first channel connected in sequence;

[0019] The second line includes a directional coupler, a first waveguide-to-coaxial converter, a power-selective material for the energy under test, a second waveguide-to-coaxial converter, a second attenuator, and a second channel of an oscilloscope, connected in sequence.

[0020] The first and second routes are of the same length to ensure that the time delays of the two routes are consistent.

[0021] The length and width of the waveguide sample of the energy-selective material to be tested are integer multiples of the period of the energy-selective material unit.

[0022] According to the above scheme, the specific steps in step S2 are as follows:

[0023] S21: System power-on warm-up and initialization; Set the signal source output waveform to a sinusoidal modulated pulse wave;

[0024] S22: Directly connect the first waveguide-to-coaxial converter and the second waveguide-to-coaxial converter without adding a waveguide sample with energy selection material, and observe the oscilloscope waveform;

[0025] S23: Let the amplification factor of the power amplifier be A1, the coupling coefficient of the directional coupler be D1, and the attenuation coefficients of the first and second attenuators be α1 and α2, respectively. The peak voltage V1 of the waveform on the first channel of the oscilloscope and the peak voltage V2 of the waveform on the second channel of the oscilloscope should satisfy:

[0026] (1);

[0027] S24: The offset d of the peak point of the second channel waveform from the peak point of the first channel waveform should be less than the working wavelength λ.

[0028] Furthermore, in step S2, steps S23 and S24 are replaced by the following steps:

[0029] Make the attenuation coefficient α2 of the second attenuator equal to the sum of the coupling coefficient D1 of the directional coupler and the attenuation coefficient α1 of the first attenuator. At this time, the following conditions are met:

[0030] (2).

[0031] According to the above scheme, in step S3, the first waveguide-to-coaxial converter and the second waveguide-to-coaxial converter of the energy selective material waveguide sample EUT to be tested are fixed with a clamp to prevent electromagnetic wave leakage; the energy selective material waveguide sample EUT to be tested is matched with the standard waveguide aperture to ensure that the waveguide sample is firmly placed perpendicular to the incident electromagnetic wave.

[0032] Furthermore, in step S4, the protective effectiveness SE of the energy-selective material should meet the following requirements:

[0033] (3).

[0034] Furthermore, in step S4, if equation (2) holds, the protective effectiveness SE of the energy-selective material is obtained by comparing the peak voltages of the two waveforms:

[0035] (4).

[0036] According to the above scheme, the specific steps in step S5 are as follows:

[0037] Define the period from time t0 to time t1 as the clutter region;

[0038] If a periodic waveform is observed in the first channel at time t1, then the peak is taken as the starting time of the response time.

[0039] If the suppression ratio is calculated based on the voltage value of the first channel and the voltage value of the second channel at time t2... Then, this is the end time of the response time;

[0040] If the peak voltage of the first channel at time t3 decays to below 70% of the peak voltage, then it is the start time of the recovery time.

[0041] If the second channel decays below the noise floor after time t4, then the recovery time ends.

[0042] Furthermore, in step S6, the specific steps are as follows:

[0043] Response time t res for:

[0044] (5),

[0045] Recovery time t rec for:

[0046] (6).

[0047] A testing system for energy-selective material response and recovery time waveguide.

[0048] The system setup submodule is used to build the test system. It includes a first circuit consisting of a directional coupler, a first attenuator, and a first channel of an oscilloscope connected in sequence, and a second circuit consisting of a directional coupler, a first waveguide-to-coaxial converter, a material for selecting the energy under test, a second waveguide-to-coaxial converter, a second attenuator, and a second channel of an oscilloscope. The first circuit and the second circuit are connected in parallel to the output terminals of a signal source and a power amplifier connected in sequence.

[0049] The zeroing submodule is used to zero the system when no material is added for the energy to be measured.

[0050] The sample addition module is used to add the energy selection material to be tested between the first waveguide-coaxial converter and the second waveguide-coaxial converter.

[0051] The test submodule is used to gradually increase the output power of the signal source and calculate the protection effectiveness of the energy selection material based on the peak voltage of the two channels of the oscilloscope. When the ratio of the two peak voltages exceeds the designed protection effectiveness, the output power of the signal source remains unchanged. At this time, the energy selection material has responded and entered the protection state.

[0052] The comparison submodule is used to compare the waveforms of two channels of an oscilloscope to determine the start and end points of the response and recovery times of the energy selective material.

[0053] The calculation submodule is used to calculate response time and recovery time.

[0054] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0055] 1. The present invention provides a waveguide testing method and system for the response and recovery time of energy-selective materials. Addressing the problems of high equipment requirements, difficulty in implementation, large errors, and high costs in spatial field testing of the response / recovery time of energy-selective materials, this invention replaces the strong-field emission source with a signal source and power amplifier, and constructs a strong-field environment using a waveguide-coaxial converter. This enables the construction of a laboratory-based response / recovery time testing system for energy-selective materials, offering advantages such as simplicity, ease of implementation, low cost, and high accuracy, thereby improving experimental efficiency.

[0056] 2. The invention is lightweight overall. Compared with the long cables required for space field testing, the cable length required for the two paths in the invention is shorter, and the time delay of the two channels is easier to control. This improves the accuracy for nanosecond-level response time and microsecond-level recovery time.

[0057] 3. The method of the present invention is simple, has strong engineering applicability, has low requirements for the energy selectable material test sample, and does not require the preparation of a large area sample.

[0058] Of course, any product implementing this invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the advantages described above at the same time. Attached Figure Description

[0059] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0060] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 2 This is a test connection diagram of the energy-selective material response / recovery time waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] Figure 3 This is an initialization oscilloscope channel waveform diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0063] Figure 4 This is a waveform diagram of the response / recovery time test according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0064] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the response / recovery time testing system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0065] Figure 6 This is a sample image of an energy-selective material waveguide according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0066] Figure 7 This is a waveform diagram for determining the response time according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0067] Figure 8 This is a waveform diagram for determining the recovery time according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0068] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0069] Example 1

[0070] See Figure 1 The specific steps of a method for testing the response and recovery time waveguide of energy-selective materials are as follows:

[0071] S1: Set up the experimental system as follows Figure 2 As shown in the figure, EUT represents the waveguide sample of the energy-selective material under test. Since energy-selective materials have a periodic structure, to accommodate standard waveguide dimensions, the waveguide width (typically half the length) is usually designed to be an integer multiple of the period of the energy-selective material's unit cell, ensuring that the finite periodic units function effectively; and maximizing... Figure 2 The lengths of the "directional coupler - attenuator 1 - oscilloscope interface" and "directional coupler - waveguide-coaxial converter - EUT - waveguide-coaxial converter - attenuator 2 - oscilloscope interface" lines are basically the same to ensure that the time delays of the two paths are basically the same.

[0072] S2: System power-on, warm-up, and initialization. Turn on the signal source and power amplifier, setting the signal source output waveform to a sinusoidal modulated pulse wave. First, directly connect the waveguide-to-coaxial converter without adding the waveguide sample containing the energy-selective material, and observe the oscilloscope waveform. Let the amplification factor of the power amplifier be A1, the coupling coefficient of the directional coupler be D1, and the attenuation coefficients of attenuator 1 and attenuator 2 be α1 and α2, respectively. The peak voltage V1 of the waveform in oscilloscope channel 1 and the peak voltage V2 of the waveform in channel 2 should satisfy:

[0073] (1)

[0074] Because it is impossible to strictly guarantee in actual operation. Figure 2 The lengths of the "directional coupler - attenuator 1 - oscilloscope interface" and "directional coupler - waveguide-coaxial converter - EUT - waveguide-coaxial converter - attenuator 2 - oscilloscope interface" lines are the same. The zero points of the waveforms in channel 1 and channel 2 may not coincide. It is necessary to ensure that the peak point of the waveform in channel 2 does not deviate from the corresponding peak point of channel 1 beyond the operating wavelength λ. Figure 3 As shown, d < λ. The area within the long dotted line in the figure represents the noise floor.

[0075] To further simplify operation, when constructing the system, the attenuation coefficient α2 of attenuator 2 can be made equal to the sum of the coupling coefficient D1 of the directional coupler and the attenuation coefficient α1 of attenuator 1. At this time, the following conditions are met:

[0076] (2)

[0077] Subsequent testing can directly compare the peak voltages of the two waveforms to obtain the protection performance of the EUT, making the operation more intuitive.

[0078] S3: Place the energy-selective material waveguide sample to be tested between the two waveguide-coaxial transducers and secure it with a clamp to prevent electromagnetic wave leakage. The waveguide sample should be matched to the standard waveguide aperture during fabrication to ensure it is firmly placed and perpendicular to the incident electromagnetic wave.

[0079] S4: Gradually increase the output power of the signal source and observe the peak voltages of the waveforms on the two channels of the oscilloscope. When the ratio of the two peak voltages exceeds the designed protection performance, keep the output power of the signal source constant. At this point, the energy selective material has responded and entered the protection state. Assume the design value of the protection performance of the energy selective material sample is SE, which must satisfy:

[0080] (3)

[0081] If equation (2) holds, then the peak voltage of the output waveform can be directly compared, and it must satisfy:

[0082] (4)

[0083] S5: Observe the waveforms of the two channels of the oscilloscope at this time, such as Figure 4 As shown. t0~t1 is defined as the clutter region, where the effective waveform cannot be observed due to the system's noise floor.

[0084] At time t1, the peak of the solid curve (channel 1) can be observed, and the waveform shows periodicity; this is the starting point of the response time. At time t2, the suppression ratio calculated from the voltage value indicated by the solid curve and the voltage value indicated by the dashed curve (channel 2) is ≥3dB, that is: This is the end point of the response time.

[0085] At time t3, the voltage peak shown by the real curve decays to below 70% of the peak voltage, marking the start of the recovery time; after time t4, the dashed curve decays to below the noise floor, marking the end of the recovery time.

[0086] S6: Calculate response time and recovery time.

[0087] Response time t res Calculate using the following formula:

[0088] (5)

[0089] Recovery time t rec Calculate using the following formula:

[0090] (6)

[0091] This embodiment addresses the problems of high requirements for test equipment, difficulty in implementation, large errors, and high costs in the spatial field testing of the response / recovery time of energy-selective materials. It replaces the strong field emission source with a signal source and a power amplifier, and combines a waveguide-coaxial converter to construct a strong field environment, thus realizing the construction of a test system for the response / recovery time of energy-selective materials in the laboratory. It has the advantages of simple method, easy implementation, low cost, and high accuracy, thereby improving experimental efficiency.

[0092] Example 2

[0093] The steps in this embodiment are the same as in Embodiment 1, except that each step is applied to a specific instance. Specifically, it includes the following steps:

[0094] 1. Constructing in the laboratory Figure 2 The test system shown is as follows: Figure 5 As shown in the diagram. The power amplifier has a gain of 60dB, the directional coupler has a coupling coefficient of -40dB, and the attenuator has an attenuation coefficient of -40dB. Since the coupling coefficient of the coupler is equal to the attenuator's attenuation coefficient, this system eliminates the need for attenuator 1, allowing for direct comparison of the two waveforms on the oscilloscope.

[0095] 2. Refer to standard waveguide dimensions. Select the BJ22 standard waveguide, with a frequency range of 1.72GHz to 2.61GHz. Its internal cross-section has a length a = 109.22mm and a width b = 54.61mm. The energy-selective material element period is designed to be 9.1mm. Therefore, 12 elements are distributed along the waveguide length and 6 elements along the width. A sample of the energy-selective material waveguide is shown below. Figure 6 As shown.

[0096] 3. Securely place the energy-selective waveguide sample between the waveguide and coaxial converter, and adjust the signal source output power to ensure the protection performance exceeds the design value (15dB). Figure 7 It can be seen that the current protective effectiveness is The response time starts at position 1 in the graph, where the peak exceeds the noise floor and the waveform begins to exhibit periodicity; the response time ends at position 2 in the graph, where the ratio of the corresponding peak points of the two curves is... This satisfies the definition of response time. Therefore, the response time t res=t2-t1=-0.8ns-(-1.8ns)=1.0ns.

[0097] 4. Recovery time determination waveform as follows Figure 8 As shown in the diagram, the recovery time begins at position 3, where the waveform of channel 1 begins to attenuate, and the peak value is less than 70%. The recovery time ends at position 4, where the waveform of channel 2 falls below the noise floor, satisfying the definition of recovery time. Therefore, the recovery time t... rec =t4-t3=1.035μs-990ns=45ns.

[0098] This embodiment is lightweight overall. Compared with the long cables required for space field testing, the cable length required for the two paths in this invention is shorter, and the time delay of the two channels is easier to control. It improves the accuracy for nanosecond-level response time and microsecond-level recovery time.

[0099] It should be understood that the sequence number of each step in the above embodiments does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0100] Example 3

[0101] This embodiment is used to construct an energy-selective material response and recovery time waveguide test system to implement the principle of the above method embodiment, including a system construction submodule, a zeroing submodule, a sample addition module, a test submodule, a comparison submodule, and a calculation submodule;

[0102] The system setup submodule is used to build the test system. It includes a first circuit consisting of a directional coupler, a first attenuator, and a first channel of an oscilloscope connected in sequence, and a second circuit consisting of a directional coupler, a first waveguide-to-coaxial converter, a material for selecting the energy under test, a second waveguide-to-coaxial converter, a second attenuator, and a second channel of an oscilloscope. The first circuit and the second circuit are connected in parallel to the output terminals of a signal source and a power amplifier connected in sequence.

[0103] The zeroing submodule is used to zero the system when no material is added for the energy to be measured.

[0104] The sample addition module is used to add the energy selection material to be tested between the first waveguide-coaxial converter and the second waveguide-coaxial converter.

[0105] The test submodule is used to gradually increase the output power of the signal source and calculate the protection effectiveness of the energy selection material based on the peak voltage of the two channels of the oscilloscope. When the ratio of the two peak voltages exceeds the designed protection effectiveness, the output power of the signal source remains unchanged. At this time, the energy selection material has responded and entered the protection state.

[0106] The comparison submodule is used to compare the waveforms of two channels of an oscilloscope to determine the start and end points of the response and recovery times of the energy selective material.

[0107] The calculation submodule is used to calculate response time and recovery time.

[0108] Each submodule is mainly used to implement the various steps of the method implementation, which will not be elaborated here.

[0109] It should be noted that, depending on the implementation needs, the various steps / components described in this application can be broken down into more steps / components, or two or more steps / components or parts of the operation of steps / components can be combined into new steps / components to achieve the purpose of this invention.

[0110] This embodiment also includes a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus; wherein the processor, the communication interface, and the memory communicate with each other through the communication bus; the memory stores a computer program, and when the program is executed by the processor, the processor performs the steps of a method for testing energy-selective material response and recovery time waveguide.

[0111] This embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, enable the processor to implement an energy-selective material response and recovery time waveguide testing method.

[0112] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects.

[0113] Furthermore, this application may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0114] This application is described with reference to the flowchart of the method and computer program product according to Embodiment 1 and the block diagram of the device (system) according to Embodiment 3. It should be understood that each step or block in the flowchart or block diagram, as well as combinations of steps or blocks in the flowchart or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions.

[0115] These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which are executable by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device, produce instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes or boxes Figure 1An energy-selective material response and recovery time waveguide testing system that specifies the functions in one or more boxes.

[0116] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0117] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes or boxes Figure 1 The steps of a method for testing energy-selective material response and recovery time waveguides are specified in one or more boxes.

[0118] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the design concept and features of the present invention, and their purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Therefore, all equivalent changes or modifications made based on the principles and design ideas disclosed in the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy selective material response and recovery time waveguide test method, characterized by: Includes the following steps: S1: Set up the test system, including a signal source and a power amplifier connected in sequence, and a first circuit for comparison and a second circuit for testing energy-selective materials connected in parallel at the output of the power amplifier; S2: Zeroing the system without adding the material to select the energy to be measured; S3: Add the energy-selective material to be tested between the first waveguide-coaxial converter and the second waveguide-coaxial converter; S4: Gradually increase the output power of the signal source until the energy selection material enters the protection state; calculate the protection effectiveness of the energy selection material based on the peak voltage of the waveforms in the two channels of the oscilloscope; S5: Compare the waveforms of the two channels on the oscilloscope to determine the start and end points of the response and recovery times of the energy-selective material; the specific steps are as follows: Define the period from time t0 to time t1 as the clutter region; If a periodic waveform is observed in the first channel at time t1, then the peak is taken as the starting time of the response time. If the suppression ratio is calculated based on the voltage value of the first channel and the voltage value of the second channel at time t2... Then, this is the end time of the response time; If the peak voltage of the first channel at time t3 decays to below 70% of the peak voltage, then it is the start time of the recovery time. If the second channel decays below the noise floor after time t4, then it is the end time of the recovery time. S6: Calculate response time and recovery time.

2. The method for testing the response and recovery time waveguide of energy-selective materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, The first line includes a directional coupler, a first attenuator, and an oscilloscope first channel connected in sequence; The second line includes a directional coupler, a first waveguide-to-coaxial converter, a power-selective material for the energy under test, a second waveguide-to-coaxial converter, a second attenuator, and a second channel of an oscilloscope, connected in sequence. The first and second routes are of the same length to ensure that the time delays of the two routes are consistent. The length and width of the waveguide sample of the energy-selective material to be tested are integer multiples of the period of the energy-selective material unit.

3. The method for testing the response and recovery time waveguide of energy-selective materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps in step S2 are as follows: S21: System power-on warm-up and initialization; Set the signal source output waveform to a sinusoidal modulated pulse wave; S22: Directly connect the first waveguide-to-coaxial converter and the second waveguide-to-coaxial converter without adding a waveguide sample with energy selection material, and observe the oscilloscope waveform; S23: Let the amplification factor of the power amplifier be A1, the coupling coefficient of the directional coupler be D1, and the attenuation coefficients of the first and second attenuators be α1 and α2, respectively. The peak voltage V1 of the waveform on the first channel of the oscilloscope and the peak voltage V2 of the waveform on the second channel of the oscilloscope should satisfy: （1）； S24: The offset d of the peak point of the second channel waveform from the peak point of the first channel waveform should be less than the working wavelength λ.

4. The method for testing the response and recovery time waveguide of energy-selective materials according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S2, steps S23 and S24 are replaced by the following steps: Make the attenuation coefficient α2 of the second attenuator equal to the sum of the coupling coefficient D1 of the directional coupler and the attenuation coefficient α1 of the first attenuator. At this time, the following conditions are met: （2）。 5. The method for testing the response and recovery time waveguide of energy-selective materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the first waveguide-to-coaxial converter and the second waveguide-to-coaxial converter of the energy selective material waveguide sample EUT to be tested are fixed with a clamp to prevent electromagnetic wave leakage; the energy selective material waveguide sample EUT to be tested is matched with the standard waveguide aperture to ensure that the waveguide sample is firmly placed perpendicular to the incident electromagnetic wave.

6. The method for testing the response and recovery time waveguide of energy-selective materials according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S4, the protective effectiveness SE of the energy-selective material should meet the following requirements: （3）。 7. The method for testing the response and recovery time waveguide of energy-selective materials according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S4, if equation (2) holds, the protective effectiveness SE of the energy-selective material is obtained by comparing the peak voltages of the two waveforms: （4）。 8. The method for testing the response and recovery time waveguide of energy-selective materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps in step S6 are as follows: Response time t res for: （5）， Recovery time t rec for: （6）。 9. A test system for energy-selective material response and recovery time-waveguides used in the test method for energy-selective material response and recovery time-waveguides according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The system setup submodule is used to build the test system. It includes a first circuit consisting of a directional coupler, a first attenuator, and a first channel of an oscilloscope connected in sequence, and a second circuit consisting of a directional coupler, a first waveguide-to-coaxial converter, a material for selecting the energy under test, a second waveguide-to-coaxial converter, a second attenuator, and a second channel of an oscilloscope. The first circuit and the second circuit are connected in parallel to the output terminals of a signal source and a power amplifier connected in sequence. The zeroing submodule is used to zero the system when no material is added for the energy to be measured. The sample addition module is used to add the energy selection material to be tested between the first waveguide-coaxial converter and the second waveguide-coaxial converter. The test submodule is used to gradually increase the output power of the signal source and calculate the protection effectiveness of the energy selection material based on the peak voltage of the two channels of the oscilloscope. When the ratio of the two peak voltages exceeds the designed protection effectiveness, the output power of the signal source remains unchanged. At this time, the energy selection material has responded and entered the protection state. The comparison submodule is used to compare the waveforms of two channels of an oscilloscope to determine the start and end points of the response and recovery times of the energy selective material. The calculation submodule is used to calculate response time and recovery time.

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