Intercropping, rotary tillage, stubble cleaning and film mulching all-in-one machine

Abstract

The invention discloses an intercropping, rotary tillage, stubble cleaning and film covering all-in-one machine which comprises a rack assembly, a rotary tillage, stubble cleaning and film covering assembly and a rotary tillage, stubble cleaning and film covering assembly. The power transmission system is arranged on the first rack and comprises a first transmission shaft used for being connected with a power output shaft of a tractor, a gearbox connected with the first transmission shaft, a second transmission shaft connected with the output end of the gearbox and at least two gearbox middle boxes symmetrically connected to the two ends of the second transmission shaft; and a rotary tillage stubble cleaning assembly. The intercropping, rotary tillage, stubble cleaning and film mulching all-in-one machine can complete three core operations at a time, the operation efficiency is improved by more than 50%, equipment lease and labor cost are effectively reduced, soil moisture content guarantee can be achieved, film mulching is conducted immediately after rotary tillage and stubble cleaning, moisture loss caused by soil exposure is avoided, the soil moisture conservation rate is improved, and the working efficiency is improved. The method is especially suitable for agricultural production requirements in arid regions of Xinjiang, and provides a good soil moisture condition for subsequent crop growth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, specifically to an integrated machine for intercropping, relay cropping, rotary tillage, stubble removal, and mulching. Background Technology

[0002] Xinjiang, as a major high-quality cotton producing area, a core grain-producing area, and a base for specialty forestry and fruit production in my country, has distinct regional characteristics in its agricultural production. It features large-scale planting (with single plots often exceeding 100 mu), concentrated and contiguous plots, widespread intercropping and relay cropping (to balance food security and cash crop yields, intercropping patterns such as wheat-cotton and wheat-chili are widely used), and an urgent need for soil improvement (some areas suffer from desertification and weak water retention). In addition, in recent years, the average annual increase in labor costs has reached 8%-10%, making agricultural mechanization a key factor in improving production efficiency.

[0003] In the current intercropping and relay cropping production process, after wheat harvest, the land needs to be tilled and the stubble crushed by rotary tillage machinery, and then mulching machinery needs to be used separately for mulching. This model has obvious pain points. On the one hand, the two machinery trips to the field increase the costs of equipment rental, fuel consumption, and manual labor, and can easily cause soil compaction, affecting the root growth of subsequent crops. On the other hand, the average annual evaporation in Xinjiang is 2000-3400 mm. If mulching is not carried out after rotary tillage and stubble crushing, or during the interval between rotary tillage and mulching, the soil moisture loss rate is serious, which greatly reduces soil moisture. Covering with black plastic film can improve soil moisture retention and weed suppression rate, but the existing equipment cannot achieve simultaneous operation of rotary tillage and mulching, making it difficult to give full play to the moisture retention and weed suppression effects of plastic film.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an integrated operation equipment that addresses the row spacing characteristics and production needs of intercropping and relay cropping in Xinjiang, enabling rotary tillage and stubble removal as well as mulching to be completed in one go. This would solve the core problems of soil moisture retention, weed control, and low operational efficiency, and provide mechanized technical support for a bumper harvest of both grain and cash crops.

[0005] The intercropping rotary tillage stubble mulching machine disclosed in this invention optimizes the frame structure and power transmission system, and integrates mulching components such as film fixing frame and film spreading roller. It can simultaneously realize rotary tillage, stubble mulching and mulching functions in fixed row spacing operation scenarios. Its core advantage lies in integrating four core functions: "rotary tillage and soil breaking, straw stubble mulching, intercropping adaptation, and mulching to retain moisture and suppress weeds". It accurately matches the pain points of agricultural production in Xinjiang and fills the gap in integrated operation equipment in intercropping and relay cropping scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated machine for intercropping, rotary tillage, stubble removal, and mulching, in order to solve the problem mentioned in the background art that soil moisture loss is severe and soil moisture is greatly reduced during the interval between rotary tillage and stubble removal and mulching.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an integrated machine for intercropping, relay cropping, rotary tillage, stubble removal, and mulching, comprising: The rack assembly includes a detachably connected first rack and a second rack; The power transmission system, mounted on the first frame, includes a first drive shaft for connecting to the tractor's power output shaft, a gearbox connected to the first drive shaft, a second drive shaft connected to the output end of the gearbox, and at least two gearbox housings symmetrically connected to both ends of the second drive shaft. The rotary tillage and stubble-removing assembly includes blades driven by the output shaft of the gearbox housing, and a blade guard covering the blades. The film covering assembly, disposed on the second frame, includes a film fixing frame for mounting the film roll and a film spreading roller for unfolding the film.

[0008] Preferably, the gearbox is configured as a gearbox with a 1:1 gear ratio for transmitting power to the second driveshaft at a constant speed.

[0009] Preferably, the gearbox includes a first gearbox and a second gearbox, which are symmetrically arranged and rigidly connected to both ends of the second drive shaft, respectively, for synchronously distributing power and driving the corresponding blades.

[0010] Preferably, the blade guard has an arc-shaped structure, its coverage area is larger than the projected area of ​​the blade's rotation trajectory, and its inner side is provided with guide ribs for guiding the broken soil back down.

[0011] Preferably, the rotary tillage and stubble-removing assembly further includes depth-limiting wheels disposed at the bottom of both sides of the first frame. The height of the depth-limiting wheels is adjustable to control the rotary tillage depth within the range of 5-15 cm.

[0012] Preferably, the film fixing frame is a U-shaped structure with an anti-slip pad on its inner side and a side buckle assembly for fixing the mulch film roll, so as to be compatible with mulch film rolls with a diameter of 30-50 cm.

[0013] Preferably, the film spreading rollers are symmetrically installed on both sides of the lower part of the second frame, and their surfaces have anti-slip textures. The height and angle of the film spreading rollers can be finely adjusted by adjusting the brackets.

[0014] Preferably, the integrated machine is configured to adapt to an intercropping and relay cropping mode with a row spacing of 60 cm, and can simultaneously complete rotary tillage, crop residue crushing and mulching operations within that row spacing.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This integrated rotary tillage, stubble removal, and mulching machine for intercropping and relay cropping improves operational efficiency: Compared to the traditional two-step operation mode of "rotary tillage and stubble removal + separate mulching", this equipment can complete three core operations at once, increasing operational efficiency by more than 50% and effectively reducing equipment rental and labor costs.

[0016] This integrated rotary tillage, stubble removal, and mulching machine for intercropping and relay cropping can ensure soil moisture: immediately after rotary tillage and stubble removal, mulching is applied to avoid water loss caused by exposed soil, thus improving soil moisture retention. It is especially suitable for the agricultural production needs of arid areas in Xinjiang, providing good soil moisture conditions for subsequent crop growth.

[0017] This integrated machine for intercropping, rotary tillage, stubble removal, and mulching has a significant effect on weed control: if black mulch is used, it can inhibit weed photosynthesis after mulching, with a weed inhibition rate of over 85%, reducing the amount of herbicide used, reducing agricultural non-point source pollution, and meeting the requirements of green agricultural development.

[0018] This intercropping, rotary tillage, stubble removal, and mulching machine is highly adaptable: through the adjustable depth wheel height and row spacing design, it can meet the operational needs of mainstream intercropping patterns such as "wheat-cotton" and "wheat-spicy" in Xinjiang. Moreover, the equipment structure is detachable, which facilitates transportation and maintenance and lowers the threshold for equipment use.

[0019] This intercropping, rotary tillage, stubble removal, and mulching machine boasts high safety: the blade guard completely avoids the risk of injury from flying soil and gravel, while the guard guides the soil fragments to fall evenly, improving soil fineness and creating favorable conditions for subsequent crop planting. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a side view of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view of the structure of the present invention.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. First frame; 2. Traction frame; 3. First drive shaft; 4. Gearbox; 5. Gearbox housing; 6. Depth limiting wheel; 7. Second drive shaft; 8. Blade; 9. Blade guard; 10. Second frame; 11. Film fixing frame; 12. Film spreading roller. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The terminology used in the following embodiments is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application. As used in the specification and appended claims of this application, the singular expressions “a,” “an,” “the,” “the,” “the,” and “this” are intended to also include expressions such as “one or more,” unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that in the following embodiments of this application, “at least one” and “one or more” refer to one, two, or more than two. The term “and / or” is used to describe the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships may exist; for example, A and / or B can indicate: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character “ / ” generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an “or” relationship.

[0023] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" as described in this specification mean that one or more embodiments of this application include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," "in still other embodiments," etc., appearing in different parts of this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more, but not all, embodiments," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0024] Please see Figure 1-2 This invention provides a technical solution: an integrated machine for intercropping, relay cropping, rotary tillage, stubble removal, and mulching, comprising: The rack assembly includes a detachably connected first rack 1 and second rack 10, which are connected and fixed by a bolt assembly to ensure that the connection is secure. The power transmission system is mounted on the first frame 1 and includes a first drive shaft 3 for connecting to the tractor's power output shaft, a gearbox 4 connected to the first drive shaft 3, a second drive shaft 7 connected to the output end of the gearbox 4, and at least two gearbox housings 5 ​​symmetrically connected to both ends of the second drive shaft 7. The gearbox 4 is configured as a gearbox with a 1:1 transmission ratio for transmitting power to the second drive shaft 7 at a constant speed. The rotary tillage and stubble-removing assembly includes blades 8 driven by the output shaft of the gearbox 5. The gearbox 5 includes a first gearbox 5-1 and a second gearbox 5-2, which are symmetrically arranged and rigidly connected to both ends of the second drive shaft 7, respectively, for synchronously distributing power and driving the corresponding blades 8. The assembly also includes a blade guard 9 covering the blades 8, which is fixed to the first frame 1 by bolts to ensure that the guard completely covers the rotation trajectory of the blades. The blade guard 9 has an arc-shaped structure, and its coverage area is larger than the projected area of ​​the rotation trajectory of the blades 8. Its inner side is provided with guide ribs for guiding the broken soil back down. The film covering assembly, mounted on the second frame 10, includes a film fixing frame 11 for mounting the film roll and a film spreading roller 12 for spreading the film. A black film roll with a diameter of 40cm is installed in the fixing frame and fixed by a side buckle assembly. The film spreading rollers 12 are installed on both sides of the lower part of the second frame 10. The height and angle of the rollers are adjusted so that the film can naturally adhere to the surface of the roller after being released from the roll, and the film covering direction is consistent with the direction of equipment travel.

[0025] The rotary tillage and stubble-removing assembly also includes depth-limiting wheels 6 located at the bottom of both sides of the first frame 1. The height of the depth-limiting wheels 6 is adjustable to control the rotary tillage depth within the range of 5-15 cm.

[0026] The film fixing frame 11 has a U-shaped structure, with an anti-slip pad on the inside and a side buckle assembly for fixing the film roll, which can be used to fit film rolls with a diameter of 30-50 cm.

[0027] The film spreading rollers 12 are symmetrically installed on both sides of the lower part of the second frame 10. Their surfaces have anti-slip textures, and the height and angle of the film spreading rollers 12 can be finely adjusted by adjusting the brackets.

[0028] The integrated machine is configured to adapt to intercropping and relay cropping modes with a row spacing of 60 cm, and can simultaneously complete rotary tillage, crop residue crushing, and mulching within that row spacing. In summary: The power input and transmission of the intercropping, relay cropping, rotary tillage, stubble mulching, and film-covering integrated machine of the present invention are as follows: The equipment is connected to the tractor via a drawbar, and the tractor's power take-off shaft is connected to one end of the first drive shaft via a universal joint. The first drive shaft is mounted horizontally on the top of the first frame, with its axis perpendicular to the length of the frame. The other end of the first drive shaft is fixedly connected to the gearbox via a flange, forming a power input channel.

[0029] The gearbox adopts a 1:1 transmission ratio design. After being processed by the gearbox, the power is transmitted to the second drive shaft through a coupling. The second drive shaft is arranged along the length of the first frame, and its two ends are rigidly connected to the middle gearboxes of gears 5-1 and 5-2, respectively, to achieve synchronous power distribution to the middle gearboxes.

[0030] The gearbox internally uses gear sets for speed reduction, reversal, and torque amplification, transmitting power to the blades via a splined shaft, driving the blades to rotate at a high speed of approximately 280 r / min. The blades are made of alloy material with a wear-resistant coating to ensure full contact with the ground surface during operation.

[0031] The rotary tillage and stubble removal operation of the intercropping and relay cropping rotary tillage and stubble removal machine of this invention is as follows: the blades rotate at high speed under power drive to rotary tillage and break up the land, while simultaneously crushing crop residues, such as wheat stubble after harvest, to a length of ≤5cm, meeting the soil pretreatment requirements before intercropping and relay cropping. The rotary tillage depth is controlled by depth limiting wheels, which are installed at the bottom of both sides of the first frame. Their height can be adjusted within the range of 5-15cm via adjustment rods, for example, set to 10cm in a wheat-cotton intercropping scenario, to ensure stable operating depth.

[0032] A blade guard is installed on the upper part of the blade. The guard has an arc-shaped structure and its coverage area is larger than the projected area of ​​the blade's rotation trajectory. During operation, the guard confines the soil and gravel kicked up by rotary tillage within its coverage area to prevent splashing and injury. At the same time, the guide ribs on the inner side of the guard guide the soil to fall back evenly to the working area, reducing soil waste and clutter in the working environment.

[0033] The working principle of the mulching component of the intercropping, relay cropping, rotary tillage, stubble mulching and mulching integrated machine of the present invention: Film Installation and Release: The second frame is detachably connected to the first frame via bolt assemblies. A film fixing frame is fixed to the top crossbeam of the second frame. The film fixing frame adopts a "U"-shaped structure with anti-slip rubber pads installed on the inside, accommodating film rolls with a diameter of 30-50cm, such as black film. The rolls are secured by side-mounted clips to prevent shifting during operation. Film spreading rollers are symmetrically installed on both sides of the lower part of the second frame, with a textured anti-slip surface. The height and angle of the spreading rollers can be finely adjusted via adjustable brackets to ensure the film adheres to the ground during release.

[0034] The synchronous mulching operation of the intercropping, relay cropping, rotary tillage, stubble removal, and mulching integrated machine of this invention is as follows: During the equipment's movement, the mulch film is pulled out from the film fixing frame and smoothly unfolded by the film spreading roller. The film spreading roller rotates through friction with the ground, matching the mulch film release speed with the equipment's movement speed. For example, when the movement speed is 5 km / h, the mulch film release speed is synchronously 5 km / h. The mulch film covers the rotary-tilled soil surface. Due to the anti-slip design and angle adjustment of the film spreading roller, the mulch film is flat and wrinkle-free, with a mulching deviation ≤2cm, meeting agricultural mulching operation standards.

[0035] The invention enables synchronous operation of the equipment: when the tractor-traction equipment is traveling at a constant speed, such as 5 km / h, the power transmission system drives the blades to complete rotary tillage and stubble removal, while the mulching assembly simultaneously deploys the mulch film for covering. The entire process is completed in one go, eliminating the need for secondary field entry.

[0036] Operational Results: In a wheat-cotton intercropping scenario in Xinjiang with a row spacing of 60cm, the equipment achieved a rotary tillage depth of 10cm, stubble crushing length ≤5cm, and smooth, wrinkle-free mulch. After the operation, the soil moisture retention rate reached 75%, the weed suppression rate reached 88%, and the operation efficiency increased by 55%, reducing the operation time per acre from 40 minutes in the traditional mode to 18 minutes.

[0037] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A rotary tillage, stubble removal, and mulching integrated machine, characterized in that, include: The rack assembly includes a first rack (1) and a second rack (10) that are detachably connected. The power transmission system is mounted on the first frame (1) and includes a first drive shaft (3) for connecting to the tractor's power output shaft, a gearbox (4) connected to the first drive shaft (3), a second drive shaft (7) connected to the output end of the gearbox (4), and at least two gearbox housings (5) symmetrically connected to both ends of the second drive shaft (7). The rotary tillage stubble removal assembly includes a blade (8) driven by the output shaft of the gearbox (5) and a blade guard (9) covering the blade (8). The film covering assembly, disposed on the second frame (10), includes a film fixing frame (11) for mounting the film roll and a film spreading roller (12) for spreading the film.

2. The integrated machine for intercropping, relay cropping, rotary tillage, stubble removal, and mulching according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gearbox (4) is configured as a gearbox with a 1:1 gear ratio for transmitting power at a constant speed to the second driveshaft (7).

3. The integrated machine for intercropping, relay cropping, rotary tillage, stubble removal, and mulching according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gearbox housing (5) includes a first gearbox housing (5-1) and a second gearbox housing (5-2), which are arranged symmetrically and rigidly connected to both ends of the second transmission shaft (7) respectively, for synchronously distributing power and driving the corresponding blades (8).

4. The integrated machine for intercropping, relay cropping, rotary tillage, stubble removal, and mulching according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blade guard (9) has an arc-shaped structure, and its coverage area is larger than the projected area of ​​the rotation trajectory of the blade (8). Its inner side is provided with guide ribs for guiding the broken soil back down.

5. The integrated machine for intercropping, relay cropping, rotary tillage, stubble removal, and mulching according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotary tillage and stubble-removing assembly also includes depth-limiting wheels (6) located at the bottom of both sides of the first frame (1). The height of the depth-limiting wheels (6) is adjustable to control the rotary tillage depth within the range of 5-15 cm.

6. The integrated machine for intercropping, relay cropping, rotary tillage, stubble removal, and mulching according to claim 1, characterized in that, The film fixing frame (11) has a U-shaped structure, with an anti-slip pad on its inner side and a side buckle assembly for fixing the film roll, so as to fit the film roll with a diameter of 30-50 cm.

7. The integrated machine for intercropping, relay cropping, rotary tillage, stubble removal, and mulching according to claim 1, characterized in that, The film spreading roller (12) is symmetrically installed on both sides of the lower part of the second frame (10). Its surface has anti-slip texture, and the height and angle of the film spreading roller (12) can be finely adjusted by adjusting the bracket.

8. The integrated machine for intercropping, relay cropping, rotary tillage, stubble removal, and mulching according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The integrated machine is configured to adapt to intercropping and relay cropping modes with a row spacing of 60 cm, and can simultaneously complete rotary tillage, crop residue crushing and mulching operations within that row spacing.

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