Rapid permeation fire extinguishing system and method thereof

Abstract

The system comprises a sensing layer, a control layer, an execution layer and a feedback layer which are linked in sequence and form closed-loop control, the sensing layer monitors temperature field distribution, flame spectral characteristics and battery module three-dimensional coordinate information of a fire source area in real time, carries out multi-modal data fusion and then transmits the fused information to the control layer, and the feedback layer carries out multi-modal data fusion on the fused information; the control layer constructs a fire source three-dimensional positioning model, dynamically calculates injection parameters including an atomization angle, pressure and flow, and triggers multi-stage response logic: when the flame temperature is higher than 300 DEG C and lasts for 2 seconds, the execution layer executes first-stage response; when the feedback layer monitors that the temperature is not reduced to 80 DEG C or below within 30 seconds, the execution layer executes secondary response, and the temperature is continuously reduced to the environment temperature + / -5 DEG C. The system has the advantages that the purposes of efficient fire extinguishing and after-combustion prevention and control are achieved through the design scheme of intelligent sensing, accurate control, efficient execution and dynamic feedback.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lithium battery fire safety protection technology, specifically to a rapid penetration fire extinguishing system and method that provides efficient fire extinguishing and reignition prevention solutions for lithium-ion battery thermal runaway fires in scenarios such as electrochemical energy storage systems and electric vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the large-scale application of lithium-ion batteries in energy storage power stations, electric vehicles, and consumer electronics, fires caused by thermal runaway have become increasingly frequent. However, existing fire extinguishing agents have revealed the following common shortcomings when dealing with battery fires: (1) Water-based fire extinguishing agent: It hydrolyzes immediately upon contact with high-temperature electrolyte (such as LiPF6) to generate highly toxic gases such as HF; at the same time, water has a large vapor expansion coefficient, and spraying causes the surface temperature of the battery to rise sharply (measured >200 ℃), which can easily induce internal short circuits or even explosions.

[0003] (2) Dry powder fire extinguishing agent: The accumulation rate of insulating powder in the battery pack is less than 30%, which cannot penetrate the module gap (<0.1 mm) to cover the internal thermal runaway point, resulting in a reignition rate of more than 50%.

[0004] (3) Gas extinguishing agents: Heptafluoropropane, perfluorohexanone, etc. need to be maintained at ≥10% of the design concentration and the continuous inhibition time is <10 min. They have no chemical blocking effect on the continuous oxidation reaction of lithium metal, and the probability of reignition within 30 min after extinguishing is still higher than 40%.

[0005] (4) Existing aerosol fire extinguishing agents: Although nanoparticles are used, the median particle size after aggregation is >500 nm. They settle quickly in the narrow space of the battery pack and have insufficient penetration distance, making it difficult to reach the heat source at the cell level.

[0006] In system-level solutions: ① CN202310343434.0 proposes a "liquid-cooled blocking fire protection device", which only reduces the heat diffusion rate through passive cooling and has no active fire extinguishing function; ② CN202421948413.8 uses a "thermal melt switch nozzle", which relies on the explosion of a temperature-sensitive glass ball to trigger the spraying. The positioning error is ±5 cm, which cannot meet the requirements for precise spraying at the battery cell level.

[0007] In summary, existing technologies all suffer from the common bottleneck of "inability to simultaneously achieve precise positioning, rapid penetration, and chemical inhibition," necessitating a novel fire extinguishing system that can actively identify thermal runaway cells, directionally deliver the extinguishing medium to the internal thermal runaway point, and continuously inhibit lithium reactions. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a rapid penetration fire extinguishing system and method suitable for lithium-ion battery thermal runaway fires, efficient fire extinguishing, and reignition prevention.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: A rapid penetration fire extinguishing system includes a sensing layer, a control layer, an execution layer, and a feedback layer that are sequentially linked and form a closed-loop control. The sensing layer integrates an infrared thermal imager, a composite flame detector, and a temperature sensing array real-time monitoring module, and performs multimodal data fusion before transmitting it to the control layer. The control layer integrates a collaborative control module that combines three-dimensional positioning algorithms, injection parameter optimization, and multi-level response logic decision-making, and transmits these to the execution layer. The execution layer performs a primary response of high-pressure atomization and / or a secondary response of auxiliary cooling; The feedback layer integrates a distributed fiber optic sensor, an oxygen concentration sensor, and a real-time monitoring module for extinguishing agent residue detection, and feeds the data back to the control layer. The spray parameters are dynamically adjusted through a PID algorithm, thereby forming a closed-loop control.

[0010] Furthermore, the high-pressure atomization of the first-level response employs supercritical CO2 shear-expansion atomization technology to break the extinguishing agent into nanoscale particles.

[0011] Furthermore, the auxiliary cooling of the secondary response is a cooling system that is activated after the liquid CO2 is started, which works in synergy with the bismuth-tin alloy phase transformation to achieve continuous cooling.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a reignition prevention layer, which includes an embedded waste heat monitoring fiber optic cable that can dynamically adjust the coolant flow rate.

[0013] A rapid penetration fire extinguishing method involves a sensing layer that monitors the temperature field distribution, flame spectral characteristics, and three-dimensional coordinate information of the battery module in real time in the fire source area, and transmits the multimodal data to the control layer after fusion. The control layer constructs a three-dimensional positioning model of the fire source and dynamically calculates injection parameters including atomization angle, pressure, and flow rate, triggering multi-level response logic. When the flame temperature is >300℃ and lasts for 2 seconds, the execution layer executes a first-level response, activating the high-pressure atomization subsystem to cover the core area of ​​the fire source within 10 seconds, while the feedback layer simultaneously monitors the temperature and oxygen concentration. When the feedback layer detects that the temperature has not dropped below 80℃ within 30 seconds, the execution layer executes a second-level response, activating the auxiliary cooling subsystem to enhance cooling with liquid CO2 and continuously cool down to ambient temperature ±5℃ in synergy with the bismuth-tin alloy phase transformation.

[0014] Furthermore, during the reignition prevention phase, embedded residual heat monitoring fiber optic cables continuously monitor for 1 hour, dynamically adjusting the coolant flow rate until the residual extinguishing agent level remains <10mg / m³. 3The system enters standby mode.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: This invention discloses a rapid penetration fire extinguishing system and method, applicable to lithium-ion battery thermal runaway fires. It overcomes the limitations of traditional fire extinguishing devices that are "open-loop spray and have no feedback adjustment," and achieves the goals of efficient fire extinguishing and reignition prevention through a design scheme of "intelligent sensing, precise control, efficient execution, and dynamic feedback." Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system flow of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] like Figure 1 As shown, a rapid penetration fire extinguishing system includes a sensing layer, a control layer, an execution layer, and a feedback layer that are linked sequentially to form a closed-loop control.

[0019] The sensing layer integrates an infrared thermal imager, a composite flame detector, and a real-time monitoring module for a temperature sensor array, and performs multimodal data fusion before transmitting the data to the control layer. Specifically, the infrared thermal imager has a resolution of 0.1℃ and a sampling frequency of 50Hz; the UV / IR composite flame detector has a response time of <10ms, a UV band wavelength of 185-260nm, and an IR band characteristic peak of 4.3μm; and the temperature sensor array has an arrangement density of 1 unit / m² and a temperature measurement range of -40~1000℃. The sensing layer collects the temperature field distribution (spatial resolution 1280×1024 pixels), flame spectral characteristics, and three-dimensional coordinate information of the battery module in real time from the fire source area, and then transmits the data to the control layer for fusion processing, reducing the false alarm rate by 80% compared to traditional single-sensor detection.

[0020] The control layer integrates a collaborative control module for 3D positioning algorithm, injection parameter optimization, and multi-level response logic decision-making, which is then transmitted to the execution layer. Specifically, the embedded main control unit uses a CPU with a main frequency of 2.4GHz and a processing latency of <5ms; the 3D positioning algorithm uses triangulation and fuses thermal imaging temperature gradient and flame spectral intensity to construct a 3D positioning model of the fire source, achieving a positioning accuracy of ±1cm, compared to the ±5cm error of traditional mechanical positioning; the injection parameters are dynamically calculated, specifically based on the fire source area (S), distance (D), and battery type, automatically matching the nozzle atomization angle, which is adjustable from 15° to 60°, using the formula: atomization angle θ = arctan(S / (2D)) + 5° compensation value. The compensation value is derived from the experimental database of nanoparticle aerodynamic characteristics. The outlet pressure is 20~30MPa, and the pressure is positively correlated with the extinguishing agent dosage, i.e., P = 0.5 × Q + 15, where Q is the extinguishing agent flow rate in L / min. 200 sets of experiments verified that R² = 0.98. Therefore, the response speed is improved by 50% compared to traditional systems.

[0021] The execution layer performs a primary response of high-pressure atomization and / or a secondary response of auxiliary cooling, namely, a high-pressure atomization subsystem and an auxiliary cooling subsystem.

[0022] (1) High-pressure atomization subsystem The high-pressure atomization subsystem includes a supercritical CO2-assisted atomization device (CO2 storage tank pressure 8~10MPa, flow rate adjustable range 0.5~2L / min, pressure fluctuation ≤±0.2MPa), multi-stage swirl nozzles (outlet diameter 0.3mm, atomized particle D50=80nm, PDI<0.1), and an extinguishing agent storage tank (volume 200L, built-in magnetorheological stirring device to prevent sedimentation, stirring rate 300r / min, particle size change <5% after 6 months of standing). Nanoscale atomization is achieved through the shear-expansion interaction between supercritical CO2 and the extinguishing agent. The nozzles spray directionally according to the calculated parameters of the control layer, achieving a coverage density ≥5g / m³, and the spray time t=5×S / Q (S is the fire source area in m², Q is the flow rate in L / min).

[0023] The high-pressure atomization subsystem uses supercritical CO2 shear-expansion atomization technology to break the fire extinguishing agent into nano-sized particles (D50=80nm, PDI<0.1), which improves the penetration efficiency by 6 times compared with traditional mechanical atomization (D50=500nm).

[0024] The high-pressure atomization subsystem is equipped with multi-stage swirl nozzles (outlet pressure 20~30MPa), adjustable atomization angle (15°-60°), and coverage density ≥5g / m³.

[0025] Among them, the self-catalytic reaction triggering mechanism is as follows: after the fire extinguishing agent comes into contact with the electrolyte, the hydroxyl groups on the surface of SiO2 react with LiPF4 to generate Li3PO4 (reaction formula: 3LiPF4 + SiO2 → 2Li3PO4 + SiF4↑), with an endothermic heat of up to 200kJ / kg.

[0026] (2) Auxiliary cooling subsystem The auxiliary cooling subsystem includes a liquid CO2 storage tank and cooling nozzles (spray rate 5L / s, atomization angle 90°, coverage radius 1.5m). During the second-level response startup, cooling is enhanced by the endothermic effect of CO2 vaporization (latent heat of vaporization 573kJ / kg), which, in conjunction with the bismuth-tin alloy phase transition, keeps the battery temperature below 80°C.

[0027] The feedback layer integrates a distributed fiber optic sensor (temperature accuracy ±0.5℃, spatial resolution 0.5m, response time <1s), an oxygen concentration sensor (range 0~25%, accuracy ±0.1%, model SEN-025), and a fire extinguishing agent residue detector (detection limit 0.1mg / m³) real-time monitoring module. This data is fed back to the control layer, and the spray parameters are dynamically adjusted using a PID algorithm, thus forming a closed-loop control. Specifically, the system monitors the battery surface temperature (sampling point interval 5cm), oxygen concentration (monitoring frequency 1Hz), and fire extinguishing agent distribution uniformity in real time after fire extinguishing. This data is fed back to the control layer, and the spray parameters are dynamically adjusted using a PID algorithm (adjustment cycle 100ms), forming a "detection-decision-execution-feedback" closed-loop control, increasing the fire extinguishing success rate to 99.5% compared to traditional open-loop systems.

[0028] Preferably, it also includes a reignition prevention layer, which includes an embedded waste heat monitoring optical fiber that can dynamically adjust the coolant flow rate.

[0029] A rapid penetration fire extinguishing method involves a sensing layer that monitors the temperature field distribution, flame spectral characteristics, and three-dimensional coordinate information of the battery module in real time in the fire source area, and transmits the multimodal data fusion to the control layer. Within 3 seconds, the control layer constructs a three-dimensional fire source positioning model, dynamically calculates injection parameters including atomization angle, pressure, and flow rate, and outputs injection coordinates (X, Y, Z) and nozzle attitude parameters (pitch angle ±10°, horizontal angle ±30°), triggering multi-level response logic. When the flame temperature exceeds 300°C for 2 seconds, the execution layer executes a first-level response, activating the high-pressure atomization subsystem to cover the core fire source area within 10 seconds (reducing oxygen concentration to below 8%). The feedback layer simultaneously monitors temperature and oxygen concentration. When the feedback layer detects that the temperature has not dropped below 80°C within 30 seconds, the execution layer executes a second-level response, activating the auxiliary cooling subsystem. This subsystem uses liquid CO2 to enhance cooling, and in conjunction with the bismuth-tin alloy phase transformation, continuously cools the area to ambient temperature ±5°C.

[0030] During the reignition prevention phase, the embedded residual heat monitoring fiber continuously monitors for 1 hour and dynamically adjusts the coolant flow until the residual extinguishing agent is maintained at <10mg / m3. The system then enters standby mode, thus solving the technical defect of traditional fire extinguishing devices that "lack of post-extinguishing monitoring leads to a reignition rate of over 50%".

[0031] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid penetration fire extinguishing system, characterized in that: It includes a perception layer, a control layer, an execution layer, and a feedback layer that are linked sequentially to form a closed-loop control. The sensing layer integrates an infrared thermal imager, a composite flame detector, and a temperature sensing array real-time monitoring module, and performs multimodal data fusion before transmitting it to the control layer. The control layer integrates a collaborative control module that combines three-dimensional positioning algorithms, injection parameter optimization, and multi-level response logic decision-making, and transmits these to the execution layer. The execution layer performs a primary response of high-pressure atomization and / or a secondary response of auxiliary cooling; The feedback layer integrates a distributed fiber optic sensor, an oxygen concentration sensor, and a real-time monitoring module for extinguishing agent residue detection, and feeds the data back to the control layer. The spray parameters are dynamically adjusted through a PID algorithm, thereby forming a closed-loop control.

2. The rapid penetration fire extinguishing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-pressure atomization of the first-level response employs supercritical CO2 shear-expansion atomization technology to break the extinguishing agent into nanoscale particles.

3. The rapid penetration fire extinguishing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary cooling of the secondary response is achieved by starting a liquid CO2 cooling system, which works in synergy with the bismuth-tin alloy phase transformation to achieve continuous cooling.

4. A rapid penetration fire extinguishing system according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that: It also includes a reignition prevention layer, which includes an embedded waste heat monitoring fiber optic cable that can dynamically adjust the coolant flow rate.

5. A rapid penetration fire extinguishing method, characterized in that: The sensing layer monitors the temperature field distribution, flame spectral characteristics, and three-dimensional coordinate information of the battery module in real time in the fire source area, and transmits the multi-modal data fusion to the control layer. The control layer constructs a three-dimensional positioning model of the fire source, dynamically calculates the injection parameters including atomization angle, pressure, and flow rate, and triggers multi-level response logic. When the flame temperature is >300℃ and lasts for 2 seconds, the execution layer executes the first-level response, starts the high-pressure atomization subsystem, and completes the coverage of the core area of ​​the fire source within 10 seconds. The feedback layer monitors the temperature and oxygen concentration simultaneously. When the feedback layer detects that the temperature has not dropped below 80℃ within 30 seconds, the execution layer executes the second-level response, starts the auxiliary cooling subsystem, enhances cooling with liquid CO2, and continuously cools down to ambient temperature ±5℃ in synergy with the bismuth-tin alloy phase transformation.

6. The rapid penetration fire extinguishing method according to claim 5, characterized in that: During the reignition prevention phase, embedded residual heat monitoring fiber optic cables continuously monitor for 1 hour, dynamically adjusting the coolant flow rate until the residual extinguishing agent level remains <10mg / m³. 3 The system enters standby mode.

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