Bottle bottom creasing device for ceramic processing and calibration positioning system of bottle bottom creasing device

Abstract

The invention discloses a bottle bottom indentation device for ceramic processing and a calibration positioning system thereof, and relates to the field of ceramic bottle processing, the bottle bottom indentation device comprises an operation table, a portal frame, a control box, a lifting module and a displacement table, the upper side of the lifting module is fixedly connected with an annular air bag for placing an inverted bottle preform, and the top of the inner side of the portal frame is fixedly connected with a moving mechanism. According to the device, through the unique design that the center position of the inwards-concave mold is fixed and the edge periodically vibrates, the bottle bottom curvature is accurately obtained in cooperation with the bottle bottom cambered surface curvature auxiliary recognition module, and the single inwards-concave mold can be matched with the bottle bottom cambered surface within a certain curvature range. The annular air bag stably clamps bottle preforms of different specifications, the displacement table and the moving mechanism cooperate to adjust the position, and the mold does not need to be frequently replaced. By means of the design, design and manufacturing investment of a special mold is greatly reduced, storage space occupation is reduced, meanwhile, the tedious mold changing process is omitted, the problems that a traditional mode is high in cost and low in production switching efficiency are solved, and the machining requirements of ceramic bottles of multiple specifications are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ceramic bottle processing technology, specifically to a bottle bottom indentation device and its calibration and positioning system for ceramic processing. Background Technology

[0002] Ceramic bottles, as an important category of traditional handicrafts and practical packaging, especially long-necked bottles with their slender middle and rounded bottom, hold a significant place in wine packaging and cultural displays due to their elegant design and wide applicability. The bottom of these ceramic bottles is generally designed with a small curvature arc surface, which not only meets the structural stability requirements of the molding process but also provides a foundation for personalized embossing designs such as brand logos, anti-counterfeiting patterns, and artistic signatures. By pressing specific shapes onto the arc surface of the bottle bottom during the semi-dry body stage after the bottle forming process and before glazing, the product's differentiation and cultural value, as well as its market competitiveness, are enhanced, making it one of the core value-added processes in ceramic bottle manufacturing.

[0003] However, most existing ceramic bottle bottom indentation molds adopt a "one-to-one" customization model. The curvature of the mold cavity must perfectly match the curvature of the bottle bottom for a specific bottle shape to ensure a basic fit. This design requires dedicated molds for ceramic bottles of different sizes and curvatures, increasing mold design and manufacturing costs, occupying a large amount of storage space, and making mold changeover cumbersome, severely reducing production changeover efficiency. Some low-cost solutions attempt to use planar indentation molds, which have a certain degree of versatility, but can only form local point or line contact with the curved surface of the bottle bottom. During the indentation process, problems such as edge blurring and over-pressure in the center are prone to occur, resulting in blurred textures and loss of details, failing to meet the requirements of high-precision processing. At the same time, the cavity design of traditional molds lacks adaptation to the forming characteristics of ceramic blanks, and uneven pressure transmission can easily cause differences in the density of the blank, further affecting the stability of indentation quality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a bottle bottom indentation device and its calibration and positioning system for ceramic processing, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a bottle bottom indentation device for ceramic processing, comprising an operating table, a gantry frame, a control box, a lifting module, and a displacement stage. An annular airbag for placing an inverted bottle preform is fixedly connected to the upper side of the lifting module. A moving mechanism is fixedly connected to the top inner side of the gantry frame. A supplementary light, an indentation mechanism, and a first CCD camera are fixedly connected below the moving mechanism and above the annular airbag. The indentation mechanism is located between the supplementary light and the first CCD camera. A second CCD camera is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the gantry frame. A displacement stage is fixedly connected to the lower side of the lifting module. The control box controls the operation of the moving mechanism, the fill light, the indentation mechanism, the first CCD camera, the lifting module, the second CCD camera, and the displacement stage. The indentation mechanism includes a carrier assembly, a swashplate rotation assembly, a swing assembly, an elastic assembly, and an internal concave mold. The carrier assembly transmits power to the swashplate rotation assembly, thereby causing the swing assembly to periodically tilt and swing in space, causing the elastic assembly to periodically vibrate up and down, thus applying pressure to the internal concave mold and pressing it into shape on the curved surface of the bottle bottom. The swing assembly includes a ring disc, double ball rods, pistons, pins, and a limiting plate. The end balls of multiple sets of double ball rods are distributed in a ring and movably connected to the lower side of the ring disc. The other end ball of each set of double ball rods is movably connected to the upper middle part of a set of pistons. The elastic assembly includes a central shaft, springs, a mounting plate, and a limiting ball. The upper ends of multiple sets of springs are screwed to the lower middle part of the pistons by threads. The lower ends of multiple sets of springs pass through the edge holes of the mounting plate. The limiting ball is threaded to the lower end of the springs and is located in the edge holes of the mounting plate. The internal concave mold is fixedly connected to the lower side of the mounting plate by bolts.

[0006] Preferably, the pin is movably engaged with the groove on the edge of the ring disc, and the middle part of the pin is slidably engaged with both sides of the limiting plate.

[0007] Preferably, the swashplate rotation assembly includes a swashplate shaft, an internal bearing, and a mounting ring. The internal bearing is engaged in a stepped circular groove in the middle of the lower side of the ring plate. The mounting ring abuts against the lower side of the inner ring of the internal bearing. The mounting ring is fixedly connected to the lower side of the swashplate shaft by bolts. The upper side of the ring plate is movably connected to the lower side of the swashplate shaft by a plane bearing.

[0008] Preferably, the upper hexagonal prism of the central shaft is inserted into the hexagonal groove at the lower end of the swashplate shaft, and the lower end of the central shaft passes through the central hole of the mounting plate and is connected by a set of limiting ball threads. The diameters of the edge hole and the central hole of the mounting plate are larger than the diameters of the spring and the lower end of the central shaft, respectively.

[0009] Preferably, the carrier assembly includes a first servo motor, an end cap, and a cylindrical shell, with multiple sets of pistons slidably engaged in corresponding holes inside the cylindrical shell, the spring located in a corresponding hole inside the cylindrical shell, and the swashplate shaft located in the middle of the cylindrical shell.

[0010] Preferably, the end cap is fixedly connected to the upper side of the column housing by bolts, the swashplate shaft rotates in the middle of the end cap by bearings, the first servo motor is installed upside down on the upper side of the end cap, and the output shaft of the first servo motor is connected to the upper end of the swashplate shaft by a coupling.

[0011] Preferably, the moving mechanism includes a crossbar, a first electric cylinder, a slide, a second electric cylinder, a pneumatic cylinder, and a mounting bracket. The fill light, the column housing, and the first CCD camera are sequentially mounted on the horizontal mounting bracket, and the mounting bracket is fixedly connected to the lower end of the movable rod of the pneumatic cylinder.

[0012] Preferably, the cylinder is fixedly installed on the lower side of the slide table, the slide table is slidably connected to the rod of the crossbar, the movable rods of the first electric cylinder and the second electric cylinder are respectively fixedly connected to both sides of the slide table and located on the same straight line, the first electric cylinder and the second electric cylinder are respectively fixedly installed at both ends of the crossbar, and the crossbar is fixedly connected to the top of the inner side of the gantry frame.

[0013] Preferably, the lifting module is fixedly connected to the upper side of the displacement platform, the displacement platform is fixedly connected to the upper side of the operating table and located below the indentation mechanism, and a side frame is fixedly connected to the upper side of the operating table and located on one side of the annular airbag.

[0014] A calibration and positioning system for a bottle bottom indentation device for ceramic processing is integrated in the control box. The system includes an image acquisition module, a coordinate analysis module, a bottle bottom arc surface curvature auxiliary recognition module, and a control module. The image acquisition module is based on the bottle bottom image data acquired by the first CCD camera from above and the bottle preform bottom image data acquired by the second CCD camera from below. The coordinate analysis module incorporates a bottle bottom arc surface vertex recognition algorithm and a bottle body axis fitting algorithm to convert image pixel coordinates into device physical coordinates. The bottle bottom arc surface curvature auxiliary recognition module uses the coordinates of multiple points on the arc surface collected by the first CCD camera to fit and calculate the actual curvature radius of the bottle bottom, providing data support for the adaptability judgment of the general concave mold. The control module adopts a PLC and touch screen architecture. The touch screen is installed on the outside of the control box and supports parameter setting and visual monitoring of the positioning process.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This device abandons the "one-to-one" customized mold model. Through a unique design with a fixed center position and periodic edge vibration of the concave mold, combined with a bottle bottom curvature recognition module, it accurately acquires the bottle bottom curvature, allowing a single concave mold to adapt to bottle bottom curvatures within a certain range. An annular airbag provides stable support for preforms of different sizes, and the displacement stage and moving mechanism work together to adjust their positions, eliminating the need for frequent mold changes. This design significantly reduces the investment in designing and manufacturing custom molds, reduces storage space requirements, and eliminates cumbersome mold-changing processes, solving the problems of high costs and low production changeover efficiency in traditional methods, and adapting to the processing needs of ceramic bottles of various sizes.

[0016] 2. This device utilizes dual positioning with a first CCD camera and a second CCD camera, combined with a coordinate analysis module to accurately identify the apex of the bottle bottom's curved surface and the bottle's axis, ensuring precise alignment between the concave mold and the bottle bottom. In the indentation mechanism, springs transmit uniform pressure, ensuring the concave mold and the bottle bottom's curved surface are fully and sequentially fitted, avoiding issues such as indistinct edge imprints and excessive pressure in the center. Simultaneously, the elastic components are adapted to the characteristics of the ceramic blank, ensuring balanced pressure transmission, reducing differences in the blank's density, effectively solving problems such as blurred patterns and loss of detail, guaranteeing stable indentation quality, and meeting high-precision processing requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a bottle bottom indentation device for ceramic processing according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a front view of a bottle bottom indentation device for ceramic processing according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the moving mechanism in a ceramic processing bottle bottom indentation device according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram showing the disassembled indentation mechanism and internal structure of a bottle bottom indentation device for ceramic processing according to the present invention. Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram showing the disassembled indentation mechanism in a ceramic processing bottle bottom indentation device according to the present invention. Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram showing the disassembled upper part of the indentation mechanism in a ceramic processing bottle bottom indentation device of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram showing the disassembled lower half of the indentation mechanism in a ceramic processing bottle bottom indentation device of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating the calibration and positioning system of a bottle bottom indentation device for ceramic processing according to the present invention.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Control panel; 2. Side frame; 3. Gantry frame; 4. Control box; 5. Moving mechanism; 51. Crossbar; 52. First electric cylinder; 53. Slide table; 54. Second electric cylinder; 55. Cylinder; 56. Mounting bracket; 6. Fill light; 7. Indentation mechanism; 71. First servo motor; 72. End cap; 73. Column housing; 74. Swashplate shaft; 75. Internal concave mold; 76. Built-in bearing; 77. Mounting ring; 78. Ring disc; 79. Double ball bar; 710. Piston; 711. Central shaft; 712. Spring; 713. Mounting plate; 714. Limit ball; 715. Pin; 716. Limit plate; 8. First CCD camera; 9. Lifting module; 10. Annular airbag; 11. Second CCD camera; 12. Displacement stage. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Example 1: Refer to Figures 1-8 The image shows a bottle bottom indentation device for ceramic processing, comprising an operating table 1, a gantry frame 3, a control box 4, a lifting module 9, and a displacement stage 12. The device is characterized by: an annular airbag 10 for placing inverted bottle preforms fixedly connected to the upper side of the lifting module 9; a moving mechanism 5 fixedly connected to the top inner side of the gantry frame 3; a supplementary light 6, an indentation mechanism 7, and a first CCD camera 8 fixedly connected below the moving mechanism 5 and above the annular airbag 10; the indentation mechanism 7 being located between the supplementary light 6 and the first CCD camera 8; a second CCD camera 11 fixedly installed on the inner wall of the gantry frame 3; and a displacement stage 12 fixedly connected to the lower side of the lifting module 9. The control box 4 controls the operation of the moving mechanism 5, the supplementary light 6, the indentation mechanism 7, the first CCD camera 8, the lifting module 9, the second CCD camera 11, and the displacement stage 12.

[0021] The indentation mechanism 7 includes a carrier assembly, a swashplate rotation assembly, a swing assembly, an elastic assembly, and an inner concave mold 75. The carrier assembly transmits power to the swashplate rotation assembly, thereby causing the swing assembly to periodically tilt and swing in space, causing the elastic assembly to periodically vibrate up and down, thereby applying pressure to the inner concave mold 75 to press and form on the curved surface of the bottle bottom.

[0022] The carrier assembly includes a first servo motor 71, an end cap 72, and a cylindrical shell 73. Multiple sets of pistons 710 are slidably engaged in corresponding holes inside the cylindrical shell 73. A spring 712 is located in a corresponding hole inside the cylindrical shell 73. A swashplate shaft 74 is located in the middle of the cylindrical shell 73. The end cap 72 is fixedly connected to the upper side of the cylindrical shell 73 by bolts. The swashplate shaft 74 rotates in the middle of the end cap 72 by means of bearings. The first servo motor 71 is installed upside down on the upper side of the end cap 72. The output shaft of the first servo motor 71 is connected to the upper end of the swashplate shaft 74 through a coupling.

[0023] The swashplate rotation assembly includes a swashplate shaft 74, an internal bearing 76, and a mounting ring 77. The internal bearing 76 is engaged in a stepped circular groove in the middle of the lower side of the ring plate 78. The mounting ring 77 abuts against the lower side of the inner ring of the internal bearing 76 and is fixedly connected to the lower side of the swashplate shaft 74 by bolts. The upper side of the ring plate 78 is movably connected to the lower side of the swashplate shaft 74 by a plane bearing. The upper hexagonal prism of the center shaft 711 is inserted into the hexagonal groove at the lower end of the swashplate shaft 74. The lower end of the center shaft 711 passes through the central hole of the mounting plate 713 and is threadedly connected by a set of limit balls 714.

[0024] The swing assembly includes a ring disk 78, double ball rods 79, pistons 710, pins 715, and a limiting plate 716. The end balls of multiple sets of double ball rods 79 are distributed in a ring and movably connected to the lower side of the ring disk 78. The other end ball of each set of double ball rods 79 is movably connected to the upper middle part of a set of pistons 710.

[0025] The elastic assembly includes a central shaft 711, springs 712, a mounting plate 713, and a limiting ball 714. The upper ends of multiple sets of springs 712 are screwed onto the lower middle part of the piston 710 by means of threads. The lower ends of multiple sets of springs 712 pass through the edge hole of the mounting plate 713. The limiting ball 714 is threaded to the lower end of the springs 712 and is located in the edge hole of the mounting plate 713. The concave mold 75 is fixedly connected to the lower side of the mounting plate 713 by bolts. The pin 715 is movably engaged in the edge groove of the ring plate 78, and the middle part of the pin 715 is slidably engaged in the two sides of the limiting plate 716.

[0026] In this embodiment, after the control box 4 completes the bottle bottom positioning and moves the indentation mechanism 7 to directly above the bottle bottom, the moving mechanism 5 causes the concave mold 75 to move down and partially contact the curved surface of the bottle bottom. Subsequently, the control box 4 controls the first servo motor 71 to start and drive the swashplate shaft 74 to rotate in the cavity formed by the end cover 72 and the cylindrical shell 73. The built-in bearing 76 is embedded in the stepped circular groove in the middle of the lower side of the ring disc 78. With the connection of the mounting ring 77, the swashplate of the swashplate shaft 74 rotates synchronously with the built-in bearing 76. The limiting plate 716 restricts the pin 715 to move only up and down. The pin 715 is stuck in the edge groove of the ring disc 78 and rotates. Thus, the ring disc 78 is restricted from rotating. The rotational effect of the swashplate of the built-in bearing 76 is eliminated by the built-in bearing 76. The ring disc 78 will rotate around the pin 715. Therefore, the ring disc 78 makes a periodic tilting and swinging motion in space. Multiple sets of double ball rods 79 are distributed in a ring and connected to multiple sets of pistons 710 in the form of ball hinges below the ring disc 78, thereby driving multiple sets of pistons 710 to periodically reciprocate and rise and fall in the corresponding holes inside the cylindrical shell 73. Each set of springs 712 has threads at both ends. The upper end of the spring 712 is tightened to the lower side of the piston 710, and the lower end of the spring 712 passes through the edge hole of the mounting plate 713. Then, the upper limit ball 714 is screwed on. The upper end of the central shaft 711 is inserted into the lower groove of the swashplate shaft 74, and the lower end of the central shaft 711 passes through the middle hole of the mounting plate 713. Then, another set of limit balls 714 is screwed on. Finally, the concave mold 75 is installed on the lower side of the mounting plate 713 with bolts. The multiple sets of limit balls 714 are restricted to rotate in the holes of the mounting plate 713. Therefore, each set of springs 712 is periodically compressed by the connected piston 710. The compressed springs... 712 generates elastic force, which acts on the edge of the mounting plate 713, thereby pressing the edge of the concave mold 75. The mounting plate 713 moves at the lower end of the central shaft 711 with the help of a set of limiting balls 714, and the center position remains unchanged. Based on this, the concave mold 75 makes a periodic tilting swing in space with the limiting balls 714 at the lower end of the central shaft 711 as the center. The points on the edge of the concave mold 75 undulate periodically along the circumference in a staggered manner, forming a circular wave trajectory. That is, the concave mold 75, as a general mold, can press specific marks on the curved surface of the bottle bottom within a certain curvature range.

[0027] Example 2: According to Figures 1-8 As shown, the moving mechanism 5 includes a crossbar 51, a first electric cylinder 52, a slide table 53, a second electric cylinder 54, a pneumatic cylinder 55, and a mounting bracket 56. The supplementary light 6, the column housing 73, and the first CCD camera 8 are sequentially mounted on the horizontal mounting bracket 56. The mounting bracket 56 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the movable rod of the pneumatic cylinder 55. The pneumatic cylinder 55 is fixedly mounted on the lower side of the slide table 53. The slide table 53 is slidably connected to the rod of the crossbar 51. The movable rods of the first electric cylinder 52 and the second electric cylinder 54 are respectively fixedly connected to both sides of the slide table 53 and are located on the same straight line. The first electric cylinder 52 and the second electric cylinder 54 are respectively fixedly mounted at both ends of the crossbar 51. The crossbar 51 is fixedly connected to the top inner side of the gantry 3.

[0028] In this embodiment, the control box 4 controls the first electric cylinder 52 and the second electric cylinder 54 to work together according to a preset program. One cylinder contracts while the other extends, causing the slide 53 to move linearly along the crossbar 51. The slide 53, via the cylinder 55, drives the mounting frame 56 and the supplementary light 6, the indentation mechanism 7, and the first CCD camera 8 to move synchronously. When the first CCD camera 8 moves directly above the bottom of the bottle, the control box 4 stops the slide 53. At this time, the supplementary light 6 turns on to provide sufficient illumination for the first CCD camera 8, assisting it in accurately acquiring the coordinates of multiple points on the curved surface of the bottle bottom. After the first CCD camera 8 completes curvature calculation and vertex recognition, the control box 4 again controls the first electric cylinder 52 and the second electric cylinder 54 to move. Since the distance between the indentation mechanism 7 and the first CCD camera 8 on the mounting frame 56 is a fixed value, by precisely controlling the movement distance of the slide 53, the indentation mechanism 7 can be accurately moved directly above the bottom of the bottle, ensuring that the axis of the central shaft 711 coincides with the vertex of the curved surface of the bottle bottom. During the indentation stage, the control box 4 controls the cylinder 55 to extend the movable rod by a preset distance, pushing the mounting bracket 56 to move the indentation mechanism 7 downward, so that the concave mold 75 reaches the preset pressing position. After the indentation is completed, the cylinder 55 retracts and resets, and the first electric cylinder 52 and the second electric cylinder 54 drive the slide table 53 back to the initial position, waiting for the next work cycle.

[0029] Example 3: According to Figures 1-8 As shown, a calibration and positioning system for a bottle bottom indentation device for ceramic processing is integrated in a control box 4. The system includes an image acquisition module, a coordinate analysis module, a bottle bottom curvature auxiliary recognition module, and a control module.

[0030] The image acquisition module not only relies on the bottle bottom image data captured by the first CCD camera 8 from above and the bottle preform bottom image data captured by the second CCD camera 11 from the side, but also includes complete hardware configuration, parameter configuration and data transmission mechanism. The coordinate analysis module has built-in algorithms for identifying the vertices of the curved surface at the bottom of the bottle and fitting the axis of the bottle body, which convert image pixel coordinates into physical coordinates of the device. (I) Bottle Bottom Curved Surface Vertex Recognition Algorithm: The core objective is to accurately extract the geometric center (curved surface vertex) of the bottle bottom curved surface from the image captured by the first CCD camera 8 from above. It also has the characteristics of resisting interference from semi-dry blank texture and adapting to the small discreteness of the curved surface. The specific implementation process is as follows: (1) Image preprocessing and noise suppression. First, the color image acquired by the first CCD camera 8 (≥5 million pixels, top-down angle perpendicular to the bottom plane of the bottle) is received, and the data is optimized through three preprocessing steps: Ⅰ. Grayscale conversion (using weighted average method to preserve details of curved surface contours); II. Gaussian filtering to eliminate high-frequency noise caused by dust and minor irregularities on the surface of the billet; III. Adaptive threshold segmentation (based on local pixel grayscale mean, the threshold is dynamically adjusted to distinguish the curved surface area of ​​the bottle bottom from the background and the transition area of ​​the bottle body, generating a binarized image to highlight the curved surface contour boundary.

[0031] (2) Extraction of curved surface contour and removal of invalid regions. The Canny edge detection algorithm (low threshold 50, high threshold 150) is used to extract the curved surface edges in the binary image to obtain a discrete set of edge pixels. The edge breakpoints are filled by morphological closing operation (structural element 3×3). Based on the feature that "the curved surface contour with small curvature is a continuous smooth quadratic curve", the irregular edge points in the transition area between the bottle body and the bottom of the bottle are removed (a curvature threshold is set to remove discrete points with abrupt curvature changes), and the effective set of curved surface edge pixels (no less than 50 feature points) is retained.

[0032] (3) Fitting the arc surface equation and calculating the vertex. Assuming the arc surface of the bottle bottom is a "small spherical segment", its projection in the overhead image is a quadratic curve (elliptical arc / circular arc). The least squares method is used to fit the quadratic curve to the effective edge pixel set to establish the arc surface equation in the pixel coordinate system: ; A, B, and C are fitting coefficients. Based on the geometric properties of the quadratic curve, the vertex coordinates (pixel coordinate system) of the curve are calculated—for the projection curve of a small curvature arc surface, the vertex is the pixel position of the geometric center of the arc surface; finally, using the device-calibrated "pixel-physical size conversion coefficient" (pre-calibrated using a standard sample block, with an error of ±0.01mm / pixel), the pixel coordinates are converted into the vertex coordinates of the bottle bottom arc surface in the device's physical coordinate system. .

[0033] (II) Bottle body axis fitting algorithm: This algorithm is based on the side image of the bottom of the bottle preform taken by the second CCD camera 11. It fits the central axis of the bottle body to help correct the radial offset of the bottle body and ensure that the vertex of the bottom arc surface of the bottle and the vertex of the concave mold are coaxial in the vertical direction. The specific implementation process is as follows: (1) Image acquisition and contour focusing. The second CCD camera 11 (≥3 million pixels, horizontally deployed on the side of the bottom of the bottle preform) acquires the contour image of the side of the bottle body, and the focusing area is limited to the middle and lower part of the bottle body (5-30mm from the bottom of the bottle).

[0034] (2) Extraction of the side edge of the bottle. Preprocess the acquired image: I. Grayscale conversion and median filtering (kernel size 3×3) to suppress surface texture noise of the billet; II. Gradient operator (Sobel operator) enhances edge contrast; III. Thresholding segmentation (global thresholding + morphological opening operation): Extract the left and right edge lines (discrete pixel sets) on the side of the bottle, denoted as the left edge point set. Right edge point set .

[0035] (3) Edge line fitting and center axis calculation. For the left and right edge point sets, the RANSAC robust line fitting algorithm (random sampling 100 times, interior point threshold 2 pixels) is used to remove abnormal points caused by edge burrs and local concavities, and the pixel coordinate system line equations of the two edges are obtained: ; ; Based on the characteristic that "the side of the bottle is a symmetrical cylindrical surface", the perpendicular bisectors of the two edge lines are calculated, which are the pixel coordinate equations of the central axis of the bottle: ; in To ensure that the perpendicular bisector is equidistant from the two edge lines, and in conjunction with the device calibration parameters, the pixel coordinates of the central axis are converted into the spatial straight line equation in the device's physical coordinate system, thus obtaining the projection coordinates of the axis on the horizontal plane (X-axis and Y-axis directions).

[0036] (4) Calculation of coaxiality deviation. This is based on the vertex coordinates output by the vertex recognition algorithm for the curved surface of the bottle bottom. Calculate the projection deviation of the vertex and the central axis of the bottle on the horizontal plane (ΔX=X-axis deviation, ΔY=Y-axis deviation), and output the deviation data to the coordinate analysis module to provide a quantitative basis for subsequent mold or bottle position adjustment, ensuring that the coaxiality error between the central axis of the mold and the central axis of the bottle is ≤±0.05mm.

[0037] The bottle bottom curvature auxiliary recognition module uses the coordinates of multiple points on the curved surface acquired by the first CCD camera (8) to fit and calculate the actual curvature radius of the bottle bottom. The specific implementation process and functions are as follows: (1) Multi-feature point coordinate acquisition. Based on the effective arc edge pixel set extracted by the bottle bottom arc surface vertex recognition algorithm, 12 feature points are uniformly selected in the pixel coordinate system (distributed at equal angles along the edge circumference, with adjacent points having an angle of 30°). Combined with the "pixel-physical size conversion coefficient", the pixel coordinates of these feature points are converted into three-dimensional coordinates in the device physical coordinate system. ,in The vertical height coordinates of the feature point.

[0038] (2) Calculation of radius of curvature fitting. Assuming the bottom arc surface of the bottle is part of a sphere, based on the spherical equation: ; in Let R be the coordinates of the sphere's center and R be the radius of curvature. A nonlinear least squares method is used to fit the 3D coordinates of 12 feature points to the sphere. During the fitting process, the goal is to minimize the fitting error (minimize the sum of the squared distances from all feature points to the sphere). The coordinates of the sphere's center and the radius of curvature R are determined through iterative optimization, with a fitting accuracy ≤ ±0.05 mm.

[0039] (3) Curvature matching and feedback adjustment. The built-in standard curvature radius database for ceramic bottle processing (classified by bottle specifications, including standard values ​​and allowable deviation ranges) compares the calculated actual curvature radius with the standard value. If the actual curvature radius is within the allowable deviation range (±0.1mm), the curvature data is synchronized to the control module for indentation processing; if it exceeds the allowable deviation range, an alarm signal is immediately sent to the control module to suspend the processing flow and display the deviation information on the touch screen, prompting the operator to check the bottle preform or adjust the equipment parameters.

[0040] The control module adopts a PLC and touch screen architecture. The touch screen is installed on the outside of the control box 4 and is the human-machine interaction and control center of the system. It is responsible for coordinating the work of each module, realizing parameter setting, visual monitoring of the positioning process, and abnormal handling.

[0041] The usage and working principle of this device are as follows: In use, a semi-dry bottle preform, such as a long-necked bottle, is inverted, with its neck passing through the annular air bladder 10. The fully inflated annular air bladder 10 supports the rounded belly of the bottle. First, the second CCD camera 11 captures the bottom side of the semi-dry bottle preform and transmits the image to the control module in the control box 4. The coordinate analysis module fits the axis of the semi-dry bottle preform and determines whether it is vertical. Simultaneously, a preset horizontal line is established, perpendicular to the axis. If the line containing the bottle bottom plane is not parallel to the preset horizontal line, an alarm will sound on the touchscreen of the control box 4. Because the shape and size of the bottle preform meet the requirements and the annular air bladder 10 is fully inflated, the line containing the bottle bottom plane is mostly parallel to the preset horizontal line. When the two lines are parallel but have a distance, the lifting module 9 slightly adjusts the annular air bladder 10 and the bottle preform up and down to ensure that the line containing the bottle bottom plane coincides with the preset horizontal line. Then, through two movement methods—either the first electric cylinder 52 retracts and the second electric cylinder 54 extends, or the first electric cylinder 52 extends and the second electric cylinder 54 retracts—the slide table 53 is moved along the axis. The rod 1 moves linearly, and under the connection of cylinder 55 and mounting bracket 56, it drives the supplementary light 6, the indentation mechanism 7, and the first CCD camera 8 to move linearly simultaneously. During the movement, the first CCD camera 8 first moves directly above the semi-dry preform and, under the control of the bottle bottom curvature auxiliary recognition module, collects the coordinates of multiple points on the bottle bottom curvature surface. It then fits and calculates the actual curvature radius of the bottle bottom. The coordinate analysis module has a built-in bottle bottom curvature surface vertex recognition algorithm to identify the vertex coordinates. After fine adjustment by the PLC control of the displacement stage 12 in the control module and the first CCD camera 8, the coordinates are determined. With the cooperation of cylinder 52 and the second electric cylinder 54, the center and vertex of the first CCD camera 8 are aligned on the same straight line, and the positioning of the bottle bottom is completed. The distance between the indentation mechanism 7 and the first CCD camera 8 is a fixed value, which directly controls the second electric cylinder 54 to retract and the first electric cylinder 52 to extend, moving the indentation mechanism 7 to directly above the bottle bottom, ensuring that the axis of the central shaft 711 and the vertex of the bottle bottom arc surface are aligned on the same straight line. Then, the cylinder 55 extends a certain distance and pushes the mounting bracket 56 downward, so that the concave mold 75 partially contacts and presses the top and bottom arc surfaces. Immediately afterwards, the first servo motor 71 starts, and its output shaft drives the swashplate shaft 74 to rotate within the cavity formed by the end cap 72 and the cylindrical shell 73 via a coupling. Because the limiting plate 716 restricts the pin 715 to move only up and down, and the pin 715 is engaged in the edge groove of the ring disc 78, the rotation of the swashplate shaft 74 is converted into a periodic tilting oscillation of the ring disc 78 via the built-in bearing 76. The ring disc 78 drives multiple sets of pistons 710 to periodically reciprocate within the corresponding holes of the cylindrical shell 73 via double ball joints 79, thereby periodically compressing the spring 712 connected to the piston 710. The elastic force of the spring 712 acts on the edge of the mounting plate 713, causing the concave mold 75 on the lower side of the mounting plate 713 to achieve a periodic tilting oscillation while maintaining its central position. Combined with the structural characteristics of the concave mold 75, specific marks that meet the requirements are pressed onto the curved surface of the bottle bottom.

[0042] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bottle bottom indentation device for ceramic processing, comprising an operating table (1), a gantry frame (3), a control box (4), a lifting module (9), and a displacement table (12), characterized in that: The upper side of the lifting module (9) is fixedly connected to an annular airbag (10) for placing inverted bottle preforms. The top inner side of the gantry (3) is fixedly connected to a moving mechanism (5). Below the moving mechanism (5) and above the annular airbag (10), a supplementary light (6), an indentation mechanism (7) and a first CCD camera (8) are fixedly connected. The indentation mechanism (7) is located between the supplementary light (6) and the first CCD camera (8). The inner side wall of the gantry (3) is fixedly installed with a second CCD camera (11). The lower side of the lifting module (9) is fixedly connected to a displacement stage (12). The control box (4) controls the operation of the moving mechanism (5), the fill light (6), the indentation mechanism (7), the first CCD camera (8), the lifting module (9), the second CCD camera (11), and the displacement stage (12), respectively. The indentation mechanism (7) includes a carrier assembly, a swashplate rotation assembly, a swing assembly, an elastic assembly, and an inner concave mold (75). The carrier assembly transmits power to the swashplate rotation assembly, thereby causing the swing assembly to periodically tilt and swing in space, causing the elastic assembly to periodically vibrate up and down, thus applying pressure to the inner concave mold (75) to press and form on the bottom arc surface of the bottle. The swing assembly includes a ring disc (78), double ball rods (79), a piston (710), a pin (715), and a limiting plate (716). The end spheres of multiple sets of double ball rods (79) are distributed in a ring and movably connected to the lower side of the ring disc (78). Each set of double ball rods (79) The other end of the ball is movably connected to the upper middle part of a set of pistons (710). The elastic component includes a central shaft (711), a spring (712), a mounting plate (713), and a limiting ball (714). The upper ends of the multiple sets of springs (712) are screwed to the lower middle part of the piston (710) by means of threads. The lower ends of the multiple sets of springs (712) pass through the edge hole of the mounting plate (713). The limiting ball (714) is threaded to the lower end of the spring (712). The limiting ball (714) is located in the edge hole of the mounting plate (713). The concave mold (75) is fixedly connected to the lower side of the mounting plate (713) by bolts.

2. The bottle bottom indentation device for ceramic processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pin (715) is movably engaged in the groove at the edge of the ring disc (78), and the middle part of the pin (715) is slidably engaged in the two sides of the limiting plate (716).

3. The bottle bottom indentation device for ceramic processing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The swashplate rotation assembly includes a swashplate shaft (74), an internal bearing (76), and a mounting ring (77). The internal bearing (76) is engaged in a stepped circular groove in the middle of the lower side of the ring plate (78). The mounting ring (77) abuts against the lower side of the inner ring of the internal bearing (76). The mounting ring (77) is fixedly connected to the lower side of the swashplate shaft (74) by bolts. The upper side of the ring plate (78) is movably connected to the lower side of the swashplate shaft (74) by a plane bearing.

4. The bottle bottom indentation device for ceramic processing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper hexagonal prism of the central shaft (711) is inserted into the lower hexagonal groove of the swash plate shaft (74), and the lower end of the central shaft (711) passes through the middle hole of the mounting plate (713) and is threadedly connected by a set of limiting balls (714).

5. The ceramic processing bottle bottom indentation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The carrier assembly includes a first servo motor (71), an end cap (72), and a cylindrical shell (73). Multiple sets of pistons (710) are slidably engaged in corresponding holes inside the cylindrical shell (73). The spring (712) is located in the corresponding hole inside the cylindrical shell (73). The swashplate shaft (74) is located in the middle of the cylindrical shell (73).

6. The bottle bottom indentation device for ceramic processing according to claim 5, characterized in that: The end cap (72) is fixedly connected to the upper side of the column shell (73) by bolts. The swash plate shaft (74) rotates in the middle of the end cap (72) by bearings. The first servo motor (71) is installed upside down on the upper side of the end cap (72). The output shaft of the first servo motor (71) is connected to the upper end of the swash plate shaft (74) by a coupling.

7. The bottle bottom indentation device for ceramic processing according to claim 6, characterized in that: The moving mechanism (5) includes a crossbar (51), a first electric cylinder (52), a slide (53), a second electric cylinder (54), a pneumatic cylinder (55), and a mounting bracket (56). The supplementary light (6), the column housing (73), and the first CCD camera (8) are sequentially mounted on the horizontal mounting bracket (56). The mounting bracket (56) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the movable rod of the pneumatic cylinder (55).

8. The ceramic processing bottle bottom indentation device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The cylinder (55) is fixedly installed on the lower side of the slide (53), the slide (53) is slidably connected to the rod of the crossbar (51), the moving rods of the first electric cylinder (52) and the second electric cylinder (54) are respectively fixedly connected to the two sides of the slide (53) and located on the same straight line, the first electric cylinder (52) and the second electric cylinder (54) are respectively fixedly installed at both ends of the crossbar (51), and the crossbar (51) is fixedly connected to the inner top of the gantry frame (3).

9. The ceramic processing bottle bottom indentation device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The displacement stage (12) is fixedly connected to the upper side of the operating table (1) and located below the indentation mechanism (7). A side frame (2) is fixedly connected to the upper side of the operating table (1) and to one side of the annular airbag (10).

10. A calibration and positioning system for a bottle bottom indentation device used in ceramic processing, characterized in that, The ceramic processing bottle bottom indentation device described in any one of claims 1-9 is used. The system is integrated in the control box (4), which includes an image acquisition module, a coordinate analysis module, a bottle bottom arc surface curvature auxiliary recognition module and a control module. The image acquisition module is based on the bottle bottom image data acquired by the first CCD camera (8) from above and the bottle preform bottom image data acquired by the second CCD camera (11) from the side. The coordinate analysis module incorporates a bottle bottom arc surface vertex recognition algorithm and a bottle body axis fitting algorithm to convert image pixel coordinates into device physical coordinates. The bottle bottom arc surface curvature auxiliary recognition module uses the coordinates of multiple points on the arc surface collected by the first CCD camera (8) to fit and calculate the actual curvature radius of the bottle bottom. The control module adopts a PLC and touch screen architecture, with the touch screen installed on the outside of the control box (4).

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