Easily-maintained mortise and tenon type comb plate expansion device without bolts on surface and mounting method of easily-maintained mortise and tenon type comb plate expansion device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of bridge construction, in particular to an easy-maintenance surface bolt-free mortise and tenon type comb plate telescopic device and a mounting method, and the easy-maintenance surface bolt-free mortise and tenon type comb plate telescopic device comprises two opposite bearing parts, a waterproof part and a supporting part, each bearing part comprises a base and a comb plate, anchor bars are mounted at the bottom of each base through large-headed nails, and the anchor bars of each base are correspondingly arranged in a concrete structure of a bridge on one side; a mortise is fixedly formed in the top of the base; the head end of the comb plate is a tooth end, the tail end of the comb plate is provided with a tenon which is correspondingly matched and inserted with the mortise, the bottom surface of the comb plate is provided with a rib plate, and the rib plate is fixedly connected with the base through a bolt; the two ends of the waterproof part correspondingly abut against the bearing parts respectively, and a supporting part is arranged between the top face of the waterproof part and the comb plate; the problem that a traditional comb plate structure is short in service life is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge construction technology, specifically to a boltless, tenon-and-groove comb-tooth plate expansion joint device and its installation method that is easy to maintain. Background Technology

[0002] In bridge construction, expansion joints are often present in the bridge structure to reduce the stress on the bridge. In order to maintain the integrity of the bridge structure, comb-tooth plate expansion joints are installed at the expansion joints.

[0003] Traditional comb-plate expansion joints are directly bolted to the concrete structure of bridges. This often leads to loosening of the anchor bolts during bridge operation, causing the entire comb-plate structure to detach. Furthermore, the repeated pressure and impact from vehicle tires over long periods can cause the comb plates to crack, warp, or shift, severely impacting driving safety and stability. Loose bolts are also often accompanied by concrete damage in the anchoring area, affecting driving safety. Even more seriously, anchor bolts may fracture under fatigue stress, scattering debris onto the road surface, damaging vehicle tires and potentially causing traffic accidents, posing a direct threat to public transportation safety and personal safety.

[0004] Chinese patent CN117926696A discloses a noise-reducing mortise and tenon type bridge comb plate expansion joint device. By using mortise and tenon components instead of bolts, it avoids bolt fatigue fracture, which leads to traffic safety issues, extends the service life of the bridge body, and improves reliability. However, since the comb plate in this device is still subject to the entire structure being run over and impacted by vehicle tires, it is inevitable that the edges will warp, affecting the service life of the comb plate structure and resulting in poor safety.

[0005] Therefore, we propose a device that can improve the service life of comb plates and enhance bridge safety. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an easy-to-maintain, boltless, tenon-and-groove comb plate telescopic device and its installation method, which solves the problem of low service life of traditional comb plate structures.

[0007] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: The easy-to-maintain surface boltless tenon-type comb plate expansion device includes two opposing load-bearing parts, a waterproof part, and a support part. The load-bearing part includes a base and a comb plate. The bottom of the base is installed with anchor bars by thumbtacks, and the anchor bars of the base are correspondingly set in the concrete structure of the bridge on one side. The top of the base is fixedly provided with mortises. The head end of the comb plate is a tooth end, and the tail end of the comb plate is a tenon that is fitted into the mortise. The bottom surface of the comb plate is provided with a rib plate, and the rib plate is fixedly connected to the base by bolts. Both ends of the waterproof part respectively abut against a bearing part, and a support part is provided between the top surface of the waterproof part and the comb plate; The installation method of the mortise and tenon type expansion joint is as follows: S1. Install the anchor bars at the bottom of the base using thumbtacks; S2. Insert the tenon of the comb plate into the mortise of the corresponding base, and fill the mortise with sealant; S3. The rib plate and the base are fixedly connected by bolts; S4. Install the waterproof part between the two bases and install the support part between the comb plate and the waterproof part; S5. Place the two bases at their respective installation positions on one side of the bridge and pour concrete into those positions.

[0008] Furthermore, the inner top surface of the mortise is a slope, and the area of ​​the mortise head is smaller than the area of ​​the mortise tail.

[0009] Furthermore, the inner bottom surface of the mortise is lower than the plane containing the top surface of the base, and part of the inner bottom surface of the mortise is a slope, with the end of the slope contacting the top surface of the base.

[0010] Furthermore, the top surface of the base and the bottom surface of the comb plate are both provided with semi-circular grooves, and the two semi-circular grooves are used to hold tenons.

[0011] Furthermore, the specific steps of S2, which involve inserting the tenon of the comb plate into the mortise of the corresponding base and filling the mortise with sealant, include: S21. Lift the comb plate so that the top surface of the tenon corresponds to the inner top surface of the mortise and is on the same plane, and the bottom surface of the tenon corresponds to the inclined surface of the inner bottom surface of the mortise and is on the same plane. S22. Feed the comb plate into the mortise until the tenon reaches the end of the bevel on the bottom surface of the mortise; S23. Gradually lower the comb plate while continuing to feed the comb plate; S24. When the tenon and the end face of the mortise are in contact, the comb plate is fully lowered. At this time, the semi-circular groove of the comb plate and the semi-circular groove of the base correspond to form a circular through groove. Insert the tenon into the circular through groove. S25. Fill the gaps inside the mortise with sealant.

[0012] Furthermore, the support part includes a support strip and a cover plate, wherein the support strip is placed on the waterproof part, and two cover plates are stacked on top of the support strip. The ends of the two cover plates are bent, and the bent parts of the two cover plates abut against one side of the support strip respectively.

[0013] Furthermore, the waterproof part includes a water-stop strip and a drain pipe. Each end of the water-stop strip is provided with a groove, which is installed in the anchor bar of the corresponding base. The drain pipe is installed in the middle of the water-stop strip.

[0014] Furthermore, the waterproofing strip is a ring-shaped waterproofing strip.

[0015] Furthermore, the slot is provided with a retaining strip for passing through the end of the waterproofing strip.

[0016] Furthermore, the anchor bar is provided with a base plate, and the slot is placed between the base plate and the base.

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects: This invention discloses an easy-to-maintain, boltless, tenon-and-mortise comb plate telescopic device and its installation method. Through the tenon-and-mortise fit design between the base and the comb plate, a composite anchoring system is constructed with "mortise and tenon structure as the main component and bolt connection as the auxiliary component". The tenon and tenon groove of the base provides reliable horizontal and vertical constraints for the root of the comb plate, while the tenon in the middle further strengthens the horizontal resistance. This mechanism transforms the complex alternating stress borne by traditional bolts into compressive and shear stresses evenly distributed on the tenon-and-mortise contact surface. The force flow transmission path is clear and smooth, thereby greatly enhancing the anchoring stability, impact resistance, and fatigue resistance of the comb plate.

[0018] In addition, no bolts are required on the surface of the telescopic device, which fundamentally eliminates serious safety accidents caused by bolt fatigue fracture, such as flying debris and puncturing vehicle tires. At the same time, it also completely solves common problems such as comb plate fracture, warping deformation and bolt loosening caused by stress concentration around bolt holes in traditional structures, significantly improving driving safety and the durability of bridge structures.

[0019] In addition, this device enables the rapid replacement of vulnerable parts such as comb plates without breaking the surrounding concrete. During maintenance, only the sealant needs to be removed and the lateral auxiliary bolts need to be unloaded. The comb plate assembly can then be pried out and pulled out at a specific angle. This "detachable" design greatly simplifies the maintenance process, shortens traffic interruption time, and significantly reduces the total life cycle operation and maintenance costs.

[0020] Moreover, the base is integrated with the concrete through a large-area anchor system, and the load is evenly transferred to the large area of ​​concrete through the base. This effectively avoids the stress concentration and local crushing of concrete problems caused by traditional small-area anchoring, protects the integrity of the concrete in the anchoring area, and thus extends the service life of the main bridge structure.

[0021] In addition, by setting ring-shaped water-stop strips, drainage pipes, and filling the mortises with sealant, a multi-layer waterproof system of "rigid fixing + elastic sealing + emergency drainage" is formed. This system can adapt to the expansion, contraction and rotation deformation of the bridge, has a good dynamic sealing effect, and can effectively prevent the seepage of water and corrosive media, protecting the bridge bearings and piers. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of one structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of the present invention.

[0023] Reference numerals: 1. Bearing part; 11. Base; 12. Comb plate; 121. Tooth end; 122. Tenon; 2. Waterproof part; 21. Water-stop strip; 22. Drainage pipe; 23. Slot; 3. Support part; 31. Support strip; 32. Cover plate; 4. Mortise; 5. Rib plate; 6. Tenon; 7. Clip; 8. Base plate; 9. Bridge. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Example

[0025] like Figures 1-2 The easy-to-maintain, boltless, tenon-and-groove comb plate expansion joint shown includes two opposing load-bearing parts 1, a waterproof part 2, and a support part 3. The load-bearing part 1 includes a base 11 and a comb plate 12. The bottom of the base 11 is anchored with anchor bars by thumbtacks, and the anchor bars of the base 11 are correspondingly set in the concrete structure of the bridge 9 on one side. The top of the base 11 is fixedly provided with a tenon 4. The base 11 is used to transmit the force on the comb plate 12. The larger the area of ​​the base 11 anchored to the concrete, the more evenly the stress can be transmitted. Therefore, the large-area base 11 in this invention greatly extends the service life of the concrete. In contrast, the traditional comb plate expansion joint has a small anchoring area with the concrete, and the concrete is prone to failure due to stress concentration under long-term load.

[0026] The base 11 is a foundation component embedded in the concrete of the bridge 9. The use of thumbtacks for connection effectively ensures the firmness of the anchor bar and the base 11, allowing the anchor bar to effectively transfer the load to the concrete. The tenon 4 structure is similar to a groove. It should be noted that this expansion joint is installed at the expansion joint of the bridge 9 structure. Thus, the two load-bearing parts 1 are installed at both ends of the expansion joint. The tooth ends 121 of the comb plate 12 in the two load-bearing parts 1 are correspondingly cross-fitted to form a near-planar structure for vehicle passage. The head end of the comb plate 12 is a tooth end 121, and the tail end of the comb plate 12 is a tenon 122 that is fitted and inserted into the mortise 4. The bottom surface of the comb plate 12 is provided with a rib plate 5, and the rib plate 5 is fixedly connected to the base 11 by bolts. The tenon 122 and mortise 4 form a mortise and tenon structure, which constitutes the main force transmission path and bears the horizontal impact force and vertical warping force caused by vehicle load. The rib plate 5 and base 11 are connected by bolts, which only serve as an auxiliary positioning and a second layer of protection against loosening. This forms a composite anchoring mechanism with the mortise and tenon structure as the main structure and the bolt connection as the auxiliary structure. The tight fit between the tenon 122 and mortise 4 can effectively decompose and transmit the vertical lifting force (anti-warping) and horizontal impact force from the comb plate 12, fundamentally avoiding the loosening, displacement and warping deformation of the comb plate 12. Moreover, the bolts only serve as auxiliary fixation, and their stress condition is improved, making them less prone to fatigue failure, thereby significantly improving the service life of the device as a whole. In addition, the top and bottom surfaces of the teeth 121 of the comb plate 12 are both sloped, and the double slopes form a "wedge" tip. Whether rainwater falls from above or water on the bridge tries to seep back from below, it can be guided outward and downward by the slope, away from the critical internal structure of the expansion joint. Just like roof tiles, the slope prevents water from accumulating or impacting the joint vertically. It can quickly drain water to the road drainage system on both sides, greatly reducing the burden on the waterproof part below (such as the water-stop strip) and improving the reliability of the entire waterproof system. Furthermore, when the tire rolls over the expansion joint, the ramp provides a gradual contact surface instead of a 90-degree right-angle step. The tire "rolls" over it from a smooth slope rather than "bumps" over it, which significantly reduces noise ("clicking") and vibration, improving ride smoothness and comfort. Furthermore, since right-angled edges are typical stress concentration points, under repeated rolling and impact from the wheel, microcracks can easily start and propagate from these sharp corners, causing the edge of the tooth end 121 to "roll" or even break. Therefore, the top slope design disperses the concentrated compressive stress on the outermost edge of the tooth end 121 when the tire rolls over it. The bottom slope design avoids excessive tensile stress concentration at the root when the comb plate 12 undergoes slight bending deformation under load. In addition, when the two opposing comb plates 12 need to mesh precisely, the bevel can help them slide into place more easily, avoiding hard collisions and jamming; disassembly is also more convenient if replacement or maintenance is required.

[0027] The two ends of the waterproof part 2 respectively abut against a bearing part 1. A support part 3 is provided between the top surface of the waterproof part 2 and the comb plate 12. The support part 3 can fill the gap between the comb plate 12 and the waterproof part 2, thereby providing a certain support force to the comb plate 12 when the vehicle passes over it, and preventing the joint of the two comb plates 12 from rigidly breaking due to excessive stress. The waterproof part 2 can effectively prevent rainwater and corrosive substances from seeping into the internal structure of the bridge 9, protect the supports and piers of the bridge 9, delay the deterioration of the substructure of the bridge 9, and further ensure the long-term safety of the bridge 9. Example

[0028] As one embodiment, the structure of the mortise 4 is further disclosed, namely, the inner top surface of the mortise 4 is a slope, and the area of ​​the head end of the mortise 4 is smaller than the area of ​​the tail end of the mortise 4; in addition, the inner bottom surface of the mortise 4 is lower than the plane where the top surface of the base 11 is located, and part of the inner bottom surface of the mortise 4 is a slope, and the end of the slope is in contact with the top surface of the base 11. Through the slope provided on the inner top surface and inner bottom surface of the mortise 4, the horizontal movement of the tenon 122 can be effectively restricted; and the shape of the tenon 122 matches the mortise 4, that is, the contact surface between the tenon 122 and the mortise 4 is a slope, so that when the vehicle passes through the comb plate 12, the slope can also disperse the pressure on the tenon 122 and the mortise 4.

[0029] In addition, the top surface of the base 11 and the bottom surface of the comb plate 12 are provided with semi-circular grooves, and the two semi-circular grooves are used to hold the tenon 6; the tenon 6 is used to further restrict the feed of the tenon 122 in the horizontal direction, thereby maintaining the firmness of the fit between the tenon 122 and the mortise 4; it should be noted that the horizontal direction refers to the orientation of the tooth end 121 of the comb plate 12. In addition, when assembling, the tenon 122 is directly inserted from one end of the two semi-circular grooves until the other end of the semi-circular groove is reached.

[0030] To further explain, this inclined plane system achieves the triple functions of guiding, constraining, and stress dispersing; During installation, the beveled guide tenon 122 slid smoothly into place; In addition, the inner top surface slope can resist the vertical lifting of the comb plate 12 (anti-warping), while the inner bottom surface slope can resist the downward excessive displacement and horizontal impact. In addition, the inclined contact method transforms concentrated force into distributed stress, significantly reducing the peak stress on the contact surface and improving durability. Example

[0031] As one embodiment, the structure of the support part 3 is further disclosed, that is, the support part 3 includes a support strip 31 and a cover plate 32, wherein the support strip 31 is placed on the waterproof part 2, and two cover plates 32 are stacked on the top of the support strip 31. The ends of the two cover plates 32 are both bent, and the bent parts of the two cover plates 32 respectively abut against one side of the support strip 31. The support strip 31 is located between the tooth end 121 of the comb plate 12 and the waterproof part 2, filling the cavity therein and thus providing a certain support force for the comb plate 12. Since the teeth of the comb plates 12 of the two bearing parts 1 are staggered, that is, the two comb plates 12 are not rigidly connected, when a vehicle passes over the comb plate 12, it will apply downward pressure to the tooth end 121 of the comb plate 12. Under the action of the lever principle, the tenon 122 at the tail end of the comb plate 12 will also bear a greater force. At this time, the support force provided by the support strip 31 can reduce the force on the tooth end 121 and the tenon 122 at the tail end of the comb plate 12. In addition, since the support strip 31 is generally made of neoprene rubber. High-performance rubbers or polyurethane elastomers such as EPDM rubber or polyurethane elastomers are used. Therefore, by setting a cover plate 32 on the top of the support strip 31, the comb plate 12 can be prevented from directly contacting the support strip 31 and causing damage, thus providing protection. The cover plate 32 is set in two pieces and stacked because the space is small when installing the support part 3. The stacking of two cover plates 32 facilitates the construction of the cover plate 32. There is a certain overlap area between the two cover plates 32, which corresponds to the tooth end 121 of the comb plate 12, which can improve the protective effect of the cover plate 32. In addition, the bent part of the cover plate 32 isolates the support strip 31 and the base 11, which also achieves the purpose of protecting the support strip 31. Example

[0032] As one embodiment, the structure of the waterproof part 2 is further disclosed, namely, the waterproof part 2 includes a water-stop strip 21 and a drainage pipe 22. Its core function is to build a reliable and durable dynamic waterproof barrier to prevent moisture and corrosive media from seeping into the interior of the bridge 9 through the expansion joint and to protect key components such as bearings and piers. Each end of the waterproofing strip 21 is provided with a groove 23, which is installed in the anchor bar of the corresponding base 11. This design cleverly combines the fixing point of the waterproofing system with the main load-bearing structure (anchor bar), ensuring the reliability of the fixation. To further improve the convenience of installation and the certainty of the seal, the groove 23 is provided with a retaining strip 7 for passing through the end of the waterproofing strip 21. The end of the waterproofing strip 21 can be designed as a corresponding hole or groove to form an interlocking engagement with the retaining strip 7. This connection method is not only quick to install, but also effectively prevents the waterproofing strip 21 from coming out of the groove 23 during long-term use or due to water flow impact, ensuring the durability of the waterproofing system connection. Furthermore, the anchor bar includes a base plate 8, with the slot 23 positioned between the base plate 8 and the base 11. This design forms a robust "sandwich" clamping structure: the base plate 8 serves as a supporting foundation, and the base 11 acts as a pressure cap, firmly fixing the slot 23 within it. This prevents the slot 23 from shifting or loosening during concrete pouring or use, providing an immovable mounting base 11 for the waterproofing strip 21.

[0033] Specifically, the water-stop strip 21 is a ring-shaped water-stop. Here, "ring-shaped" does not refer to a closed circle, but rather to a hollow annular tube in cross-section (similar to a strip structure formed by stretching an "O" ring). This hollow ring structure gives the water-stop strip 21 excellent elastic deformation capability. When the bridge 9 expands, contracts, or rotates due to temperature changes and load, the two load-bearing parts 1 will experience relative displacement. The ring-shaped water-stop strip 21, thanks to its own elasticity, can maintain tight contact with the bases 11 on both sides under various displacement states, adaptively adjusting its shape to fill gaps, thereby achieving dynamic sealing. This solves the problem of traditional solid strips 21 being prone to fatigue cracking or inadequate sealing under repeated deformation. The center of the waterproofing strip 21 has a drain pipe 22 installed, which is a key dual-function design: 1. Pressure balancing: When a small amount of water seeps into the upper part of the water-stop strip 21, or water vapor is generated due to condensation, the drain pipe 22 can guide and discharge it to prevent it from accumulating in the sealing cavity and forming static water pressure, which may cause the water-stop strip 21 to age prematurely or fail to seal. 2. Emergency drainage: In extreme cases, such as minor damage to the waterproofing strip 21 or excessive instantaneous water flow, the drain pipe 22 can serve as an emergency drainage channel to quickly divert most of the water away from the expansion joint area, reducing the pressure on the main waterproofing system and acting as a "safety valve" to improve the reliability of the entire waterproofing system.

[0034] In summary, the waterproofing part 2 of this embodiment combines a rigid fixing system consisting of "groove 23-strip 7-base plate 8" with an elastic dynamic sealing system consisting of "ring-shaped water-stop strip 21-drainage pipe 22" to form a multi-layered waterproofing system that combines rigidity and flexibility, and active and passive features. This system not only has excellent sealing effect, but also stronger durability and adaptability, and can effectively cope with various complex working conditions in the operation of bridge 9, providing long-term protection for the substructure of bridge 9. Example

[0035] As one embodiment, based on embodiments 1-4, the installation method of the tenon-and-mortise type expansion joint is specifically as follows: S1. Install the anchor bars at the bottom of the base 11 using thumbtacks. This step is the pre-assembly of the bearing part 1, which is generally completed in the factory or on-site prefabrication area to ensure the connection strength between the anchor bars and the base 11 and provide a reliable foundation for subsequent overall pouring. S2. Insert the tenon 122 of the comb plate 12 into the mortise 4 of the corresponding base 11, and fill the mortise 4 with sealant; this is the core and key step of the entire installation process, and its specific operation procedure is as follows: S21. Lift the comb plate 12 so that the top surface of the tenon 122 corresponds to the inner top surface of the mortise 4 and is on the same plane, and the bottom surface of the tenon 122 corresponds to the inclined surface of the inner bottom surface of the mortise 4 and is on the same plane. This operation utilizes the guiding effect of the inclined surface to prepare for smooth insertion. S22. Feed the comb plate 12 into the mortise 4 until the tenon 122 reaches the end of the inclined surface of the bottom surface of the mortise 4. During this stage, the tenon 122 and the mortise 4 mainly make sliding contact through the inclined surface, resulting in low frictional resistance and easy operation. In addition, the comb plate 12 needs to maintain the angle raised in step S21 during this operation. S23. Gradually lower the comb plate 12 while continuing to feed the comb plate 12. This action causes the tenon 122 to change from the "oblique insertion" state to the "lying insertion" state, and the upper and lower surfaces of the tenon 122 begin to fit tightly with the upper and lower inner surfaces of the mortise 4. S24. When the tenon 122 abuts against the end face of the mortise 4, the comb plate 12 is fully lowered. At this moment, the semi-circular groove on the bottom surface of the comb plate 12 corresponds perfectly to the semi-circular groove on the top surface of the base 11, forming a complete circular through groove. The tenon 6 is inserted into the circular through groove. The installation of the tenon 6 completely locks the relative horizontal movement between the comb plate 12 and the base 11 from the lateral direction, forming a second mechanical constraint, which greatly enhances the integrity and impact resistance of the structure. S25. Fill the gap inside the mortise 4 with sealant to form the first waterproof sealing layer; In addition, the separation steps between the mortise 4 and the tenon 122 can be deduced from steps S21-25. It is only necessary to scrape off the sealant, then remove the bolts, lift the tenon 122 and gradually pull it out. It does not require damaging the concrete layer of the bridge, making the disassembly and assembly of the comb plate 12 simple and convenient for the maintenance and replacement of the comb plate. S3. The rib plate 5 and the base 11 are fixedly connected by bolts, thus forming an ideal mechanical model with "tenon and mortise bearing as the main force and bolt fixing as the auxiliary force". S4. Install the waterproof part 2 between the two bases 11, and install the support part 3 between the comb plate 12 and the waterproof part 2. The specific steps are as follows: S41. Place the two assembled load-bearing parts 1 opposite each other, leaving the required expansion joint width as designed; S42. Install the waterproof part 2 between the two bases 11; specifically, precisely insert the slots 23 at both ends of the water-stop strip 21 into the anchor bar system of the corresponding base 11, and clamp and fix it with the base plate 8 and the base 11 to ensure that the water-stop strip 21 is installed smoothly and without twisting. S43. Subsequently, the support part 3 is installed between the comb plate 12 and the waterproof part 2. First, the support strip 31 is placed stably in the center position above the water-stop strip 21, and then the two cover plates 32 are fastened to the two sides of the support strip 31 with their bent parts and stacked on top of the support strip 31. This structure provides effective elastic support for the comb plate 12. S5. Place the two bases 11 at the installation positions on one side of the bridge 9 respectively, and pour concrete into the installation positions; Specifically, this step involves hoisting the entire assembled expansion joint into the installation slot of bridge 9, precisely adjusting its elevation and planar position, and then temporarily fixing it.

[0036] Finally, pour high-strength micro-expansion concrete into the installation slot. The concrete should be fully vibrated and compacted to ensure a firm bond with the anchor bars at the bottom and sides of the base 11, so that the entire expansion joint is integrated with the main structure of the bridge 9.

[0037] The advantages of this installation method are: Scientific process ensures precision: The process of "first positioning with tenons and mortises, then tightening with bolts" ensures that the tenon 122 and mortise 4 can be accurately positioned without stress, avoiding assembly stress or positional deviation caused by premature application of bolt preload.

[0038] Multiple locking mechanisms ensure safety and reliability: Through the steps of "sloping guide → lateral locking of tenon 6 → final bolt tightening", multiple and progressive constraints on the comb plate 12 are achieved, ensuring the safety of the anchoring system.

[0039] Dynamic sealing, one-time molding: All components are assembled before concrete pouring, allowing the waterproof part 2 and the support part 3 to perform their designed functions in the final structure, realizing the "one-time installation, lifelong benefit" of the dynamic sealing system and elastic support system.

[0040] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A maintenance-friendly, boltless, tenon-type comb-tooth plate telescopic device, characterized in that: It includes two opposing load-bearing parts (1), a waterproof part (2) and a support part (3). The load-bearing part (1) includes a base (11) and a comb plate (12). The bottom of the base (11) is installed with anchor bars by thumbtacks, and the anchor bars of the base (11) are correspondingly set in the concrete structure of the bridge (9) on one side. The top of the base (11) is fixedly provided with a tenon (4). The head end of the comb plate (12) is a tooth end (121), and the tail end of the comb plate (12) is a tenon (122) that is fitted into the mortise (4). The bottom surface of the comb plate (12) is provided with a rib plate (5), and the rib plate (5) is fixedly connected to the base (11) by bolts. The two ends of the waterproof part (2) respectively abut against a bearing part (1), and a support part (3) is provided between the top surface of the waterproof part (2) and the comb plate (12). The installation method of the telescopic device is as follows: S1. Install the anchor bars at the bottom of the base (11) using thumbtacks; S2. Insert the tenon (122) of the comb plate (12) into the mortise (4) of the corresponding base (11) and fill the mortise (4) with sealant; S3. The rib (5) and the base (11) are fixedly connected by bolts; S4. Install the waterproof part (2) between the two bases (11) and install the support part (3) between the comb plate (12) and the waterproof part (2); S5. Place the two bases (11) at the installation positions of the bridge (9) on one side, and pour concrete into the installation positions.

2. The easy-maintain, boltless, tenon-type comb plate telescopic device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner top surface of the mortise (4) is a slope, and the area of ​​the head end of the mortise (4) is smaller than the area of ​​the tail end of the mortise (4).

3. The easy-maintain, boltless, tenon-type comb plate telescopic device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner bottom surface of the mortise (4) is lower than the plane where the top surface of the base (11) is located, and part of the inner bottom surface of the mortise (4) is a slope, and the end of the slope is in contact with the top surface of the base (11).

4. The easy-maintain, boltless, tenon-type comb plate telescopic device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The top surface of the base (11) and the bottom surface of the comb plate (12) are provided with semi-circular grooves, and the two semi-circular grooves are used to hold tenons (6).

5. The easy-maintain, boltless, tenon-type comb plate telescopic device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific steps of S2 in the installation method of the mortise and tenon type telescopic device, which involves inserting the tenon (122) of the comb plate (12) into the mortise (4) of the corresponding base (11) and filling the mortise (4) with sealant, include: S21. Lift the comb plate (12) so that the top surface of the tenon (122) and the inner top surface of the mortise (4) are on the same plane, and the bottom surface of the tenon (122) and the inclined surface of the inner bottom surface of the mortise (4) are on the same plane. S22. Feed the comb plate (12) into the mortise (4) until the tenon (122) reaches the end of the bevel on the bottom surface of the mortise (4); S23. Gradually lower the comb plate (12) while continuing to feed the comb plate (12); S24. When the tenon (122) and the end face of the mortise (4) are in contact, the comb plate (12) is completely lowered. At this time, the semi-circular groove of the comb plate (12) and the semi-circular groove of the base (11) correspond to form a circular through groove. Insert the tenon (6) into the circular through groove. S25. Fill the gap inside the mortise (4) with sealant.

6. The easy-maintain, boltless, tenon-type comb plate telescopic device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support part (3) includes a support strip (31) and a cover plate (32). The support strip (31) is placed on the waterproof part (2). Two cover plates (32) are stacked on top of the support strip (31). The ends of the two cover plates (32) are bent. The bent parts of the two cover plates (32) respectively abut against one side of the support strip (31).

7. The easy-maintain, boltless, tenon-type comb plate telescopic device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waterproof part (2) includes a water-stop strip (21) and a drain pipe (22). A slot (23) is provided at both ends of the water-stop strip (21). The slot (23) is installed in the anchor bar of the corresponding base (11). The drain pipe (22) is installed in the middle of the water-stop strip (21).

8. The easy-maintain, boltless, tenon-type comb plate telescopic device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The water-stopping strip (21) is a ring-shaped water-stopping strip (21).

9. The easy-maintain, boltless, tenon-type comb plate telescopic device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The slot (23) is provided with a retaining strip (7) for passing through the end of the waterproofing strip (21).

10. The easy-maintain, boltless, tenon-type comb plate telescopic device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The anchor bar is provided with a base plate (8), and the slot (23) is placed between the base plate (8) and the base (11).

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