Surface runoff herbicide detection device and detection method

Abstract

The invention discloses a surface runoff herbicide detection device and a detection method.The surface runoff herbicide detection device comprises a supporting bracket, a plurality of shower heads, a pressure sensor, a liquid quality controller, a rain gauge, a water inlet pipeline, a water supply system and a controller, and the rain gauge is placed on a detection surface and located below a top plate; the liquid quality controller and the pressure sensor are both mounted on the water inlet pipeline in a communicating manner; the supporting bracket comprises a top plate, a plurality of mounting holes are formed in the top plate, the plurality of shower heads are mounted in the mounting holes, and the water inlet end of the water inlet pipeline is communicated with the water supply system so as to supply water to the plurality of shower heads. And detecting the herbicide content of the surface runoff along the railway by using the surface runoff herbicide detection device. The surface runoff herbicide detection device and the detection method provided by the invention can effectively detect whether the content of the surface runoff herbicide is lower than a safety threshold value or not, provide a reference basis for safe application of the herbicide along a railway, and prevent surrounding crops from being damaged by the herbicide.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of herbicide runoff safety detection technology, and more specifically, to a surface runoff herbicide detection device and detection method. Background Technology

[0002] Weed control along railway lines is crucial for ensuring railway operational safety, equipment and facility safety, and flood prevention. Railway bureaus invest significant manpower and resources annually in this work. Railway workers typically employ physical / manual weeding, mechanical weeding, and chemical weeding methods, with chemical weeding currently being the primary method for weed control along railway forest belts. Depending on the application environment, chemical herbicides are categorized into herbicides for cultivated land and herbicides for non-cultivated land. Cultivated land herbicides are commonly used in farmland, orchards, and other arable areas, while non-cultivated land herbicides are typically used in non-cultivated areas such as railways, highways, and industrial sites. Therefore, non-cultivated land herbicides are usually chosen for weed control along railway lines. Non-cultivated land herbicides offer advantages such as high efficacy, long-lasting effect, high efficiency, and broad environmental adaptability. However, due to their long residual period and high residue levels, they can easily cause environmental pollution; therefore, scientific selection and rational use are essential.

[0003] Because railway lines are adjacent to farmland, rivers, fishponds, and other water source protection areas, workers must exercise extreme caution when applying herbicides to prevent their spread. Herbicides typically spread through two main pathways: pesticide drift and surface runoff, threatening the surrounding ecosystem and agricultural production. Pesticide drift occurs when strong winds or improper operation of spraying equipment cause herbicide droplets to be carried by the wind to nearby farmland, ultimately damaging sensitive crops such as vegetables, fruit trees, and rice. Pesticide drift can be avoided by choosing suitable weather for application and operating spraying equipment correctly. Surface runoff occurs when residual herbicides on railway slopes are washed into surrounding water bodies or farmland by rainwater, causing crop damage. These critical issues not only affect the safety of surrounding crops and the environment but can also easily lead to civil disputes. Compared to pesticide drift, the herbicide damage caused by surface runoff is more difficult to control. However, there are currently no devices or methods for detecting herbicides in surface runoff along railway lines, making it difficult to detect the herbicide content in surface runoff and control herbicide damage.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a surface runoff herbicide detection device and method to effectively detect whether the herbicide content in surface runoff is below a safe threshold, providing a reference for the safe application of herbicides along railway lines and preventing damage to surrounding crops.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a surface runoff herbicide detection device, comprising a support bracket, multiple shower heads, a pressure sensor, a liquid quality controller, a rain gauge, a water inlet pipe, a water supply system, and a controller. The support bracket includes a top plate with multiple mounting holes. Each of the multiple shower heads is installed in one of the mounting holes. The inlets of each shower head are connected to the outlet of the water inlet pipe, which is connected to the water supply system to supply water to the multiple shower heads. The rain gauge is placed on a detection surface below the top plate to detect the spray volume of the multiple shower heads. The liquid quality controller and the pressure sensor are both connected and installed on the water inlet pipe. The controller is mounted on the support bracket, and the rain gauge, pressure sensor, liquid quality controller, and water supply system are all communicatively connected to the controller.

[0007] Optionally, the water supply system includes a water tank and a water pump. The inlet of the water pump is connected to the water in the water tank, and the outlet of the water pump is connected to the inlet end of the water inlet pipe. The water pump is communicatively connected to the controller.

[0008] Optionally, the water pump is a multi-stage centrifugal variable frequency water pump.

[0009] Optionally, the support bracket further includes four support legs, which are respectively installed at the four corners of the bottom surface of the top plate.

[0010] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a method for detecting herbicides in surface runoff, using the surface runoff herbicide detection device described in any of the foregoing claims to detect the herbicide content in surface runoff along a railway line, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: Create a test slope as the test area. The test slope includes a primary slope, a secondary slope, and a collection trough connected together. The slope angle of the primary slope is greater than or equal to the slope angle of the secondary slope. Sampling points are set at the junction of the secondary slope and the collection trough. The collection trough is used to place sampling bottles.

[0012] Step 2: Evenly spread test soil with a thickness of 0.2-1.0m on the first-level slope and the second-level slope. Install barriers on both sides of the test slope to prevent rainwater from flowing to both sides of the test slope. Lay test turf on the first-level slope and the second-level slope and lay the test turf flat to ensure that rainwater flows smoothly.

[0013] Step 3: Mix the herbicide, water, and application area according to the ratio of 1 kg : (20-100 L) : (200-1400 m²). 2Apply the herbicide at a ratio of )) and ensure that the herbicide is sprayed evenly during the application process;

[0014] Step 4: 24-72 hours after spraying, move the surface runoff herbicide detection device above the test slope to ensure that the device sprays water onto the slope to simulate rainfall, covering both the primary and secondary slopes. Set the spray rate to 20-300 mm / h. First, based on the preset test spray time and the spray rate detected by the rain gauge, determine whether the spray rate meets the set value. If it does not meet the set value, dynamically adjust the liquid quality controller and pressure sensor to control the spray flow and water pressure of the shower head. Monitor the actual spray rate using the rain gauge until the set value is reached. Once the expected requirements are met, officially begin simulating rainfall.

[0015] Step 5: Following the optimized test parameters, spray water continuously for 0.5-24 hours, then collect surface runoff water, seal it in a brown sampling bottle, place it in a sample incubator, and send it to the laboratory for testing within 12-24 hours.

[0016] Optionally, in step one, the length of the primary slope is 2-10m, the width W1 of the primary slope is 2-8m, and the slope angle of the primary slope is 20-80°; the length of the secondary slope is 2-10m, the width W2 of the secondary slope is 2-10m, and the slope angle of the secondary slope is 20-80°; the length of the collection trough is 2-10m, the width W3 of the collection trough is 0.3-1.0m, and the depth D of the collection trough is 0.2-1.0m.

[0017] Optionally, the lengths of the primary slope, the secondary slope, and the collection trough are all the same.

[0018] Optionally, in step four, the preset test spray time is 1-60 minutes.

[0019] Optionally, in step two, the experimental lawn is tall fescue, crabgrass, foxtail grass, goosegrass, or barnyard grass.

[0020] Optionally, in step two, the soil used for the test is red soil, loess, or black soil.

[0021] The present invention provides a surface runoff herbicide detection device and method. The surface runoff herbicide detection device includes a support bracket, multiple shower heads, a pressure sensor, a liquid quality controller, a rain gauge, an inlet pipe, a water supply system, and a controller. First, the multiple shower heads are installed one-to-one in the mounting holes on the top plate of the support bracket. The inlets of the multiple shower heads are connected to the outlets of the inlet pipe, and the inlet of the inlet pipe is connected to the water supply system to supply water to the multiple shower heads. Then, the rain gauge is placed on the detection surface, below the top plate, and the liquid quality controller and pressure sensor are both connected and installed on the inlet pipe. Finally, the controller is installed on the support bracket, and the rain gauge, pressure sensor, liquid quality controller, and water supply system are all communicatively connected to the controller. When using a surface runoff herbicide detection device to test the herbicide content in surface runoff along railway lines, a test slope is first constructed as the test area. The test slope includes a connected primary slope, a secondary slope, and a collection trough. The slope angle of the primary slope is greater than or equal to that of the secondary slope. The collection trough is used to hold sampling bottles. Next, a 0.2-1.0m thick layer of test soil is evenly spread on the primary and secondary slopes. Enclosures are installed on both sides of the test slope to prevent rainwater from flowing to the sides. Test turf is then laid on the primary and secondary slopes and leveled to ensure smooth rainwater flow. Finally, the herbicide content is measured... Herbicides were sprayed onto the test slope, and water was sprayed onto the slope to simulate rainfall. After spraying water for 0.5-24 hours, surface runoff was collected, sealed in brown sampling bottles, and placed in a sample insulated box. The samples were then sent to the laboratory for testing within 12-24 hours. This method effectively detects whether the herbicide content in the surface runoff is below the safety threshold, providing a reference for the safe application of herbicides along railway lines, preventing damage to surrounding crops, and supplementing the lack of surface runoff herbicide testing methods in the railway industry. It provides a professional testing method suitable for railway scenarios and realizes artificial simulated rainfall in typical test areas of railway slopes, accurately controlling the amount of rainfall. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which will help to understand the purpose and advantages of the present invention, wherein:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a surface runoff herbicide detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a test slope according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0026] 1: Support bracket; 2: Shower head; 3: Rain gauge; 4: Water supply system; 5: Controller; 6: Top plate; 7: Water tank; 8: Water pump; 9: Support leg; 10: Primary slope; 11: Secondary slope; 12: Collection trough; 13: Slope angle of primary slope; 14: Slope angle of secondary slope; 15: Sampling point; 16: Experimental lawn. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to embodiments. Identical components are indicated by the same reference numerals. It should be noted that the terms "front," "rear," "left," "right," "up," and "down" used in the following description refer to directions in the accompanying drawings, while the terms "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward or away from the geometric center of a specific component, respectively.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, the surface runoff herbicide detection device provided by the present invention includes a support bracket 1, multiple shower heads 2, a pressure sensor, a liquid quality controller 5, a rain gauge 3, a water inlet pipe, a water supply system 4, and a controller 5. The support bracket 1 includes a top plate 6 with multiple mounting holes. Multiple shower heads 2 are installed in the mounting holes one-to-one. The inlets of the multiple shower heads 2 are connected to the outlet of the water inlet pipe, and the inlet of the water inlet pipe is connected to the water supply system 4 to supply water to the multiple shower heads 2. The rain gauge 3 is placed on the detection surface and located below the top plate 6 to detect the spray volume of the multiple shower heads 2. The liquid quality controller 5 and the pressure sensor are both connected and installed on the water inlet pipe. The controller 5 is installed on the support bracket 1, and the rain gauge 3, pressure sensor, liquid quality controller 5, and water supply system 4 are all communicatively connected to the controller 5.

[0029] It should be noted that the slope angle 13 of the first-level slope and the slope angle 14 of the second-level slope are both acute angles.

[0030] The surface runoff herbicide detection device provided by this invention includes a support bracket 1, multiple shower heads 2, a pressure sensor, a liquid mass controller 5, a rain gauge 3, a water inlet pipe, a water supply system 4, and a controller 5. First, the multiple shower heads 2 are installed one-to-one in the mounting holes on the top plate 6 of the support bracket 1. The water inlets of the multiple shower heads 2 are connected to the outlet of the water inlet pipe, and the water inlet of the water inlet pipe is connected to the water supply system 4 to supply water to the multiple shower heads 2. Then, the rain gauge 3 is placed on the detection surface, below the top plate 6. The liquid mass controller 5 and the pressure sensor are both connected and installed on the water inlet pipe. Finally, the controller 5 is installed on the support bracket 1, and the rain gauge 3, pressure sensor, liquid mass controller 5, and water supply system 4 are all communicatively connected to the controller 5. When the surface runoff herbicide detection device is used to detect the herbicide content in surface runoff along a railway line, it achieves artificial simulated rainfall in a typical test area of ​​the railway slope, precisely controlling the rainfall amount.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the water supply system 4 includes a water tank 7 and a water pump 8. The inlet of the water pump 8 is connected to the water in the water tank 7, and the outlet of the water pump 8 is connected to the inlet end of the water inlet pipe. The water pump 8 is communicatively connected to the controller 5. In this embodiment, water is supplied to the water inlet pipe through the water pump 8 and the water tank 7, which improves the ease of use of the surface runoff herbicide detection device.

[0032] In one embodiment of the present invention, the water pump 8 is a multi-stage centrifugal variable frequency water pump 8. The multi-stage centrifugal variable frequency water pump 8 can more accurately control the water supply, thereby improving the testing accuracy of the surface runoff herbicide detection device.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the support bracket 1 also includes four support legs 9, which are respectively installed at the four corners of the bottom surface of the top plate 6. In this embodiment, the four support legs 9 increase the structural stability of the support bracket 1, thereby improving the structural stability of the surface runoff herbicide detection device.

[0034] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a method for detecting herbicides in surface runoff, using the surface runoff herbicide detection device of any of the foregoing embodiments to detect the herbicide content in surface runoff along a railway line, including the following steps:

[0035] Step 1: Create a test slope as the test area. The test slope includes a primary slope 10, a secondary slope 11, and a collection trough 12 that are connected. The slope angle 13 of the primary slope is greater than or equal to the slope angle 14 of the secondary slope. A sampling point 15 is set at the junction of the secondary slope 11 and the collection trough 12. The collection trough 12 is used to place the sampling bottle.

[0036] Step 2: Evenly spread test soil with a thickness of 0.2-1.0m on the first-level slope 10 and the second-level slope 11. Install barriers on both sides of the test slope to prevent rainwater from flowing to both sides of the test slope. Lay test turf on the first-level slope 10 and the second-level slope 11 and lay the test turf flat to ensure that rainwater flows smoothly.

[0037] Step 3: Mix the herbicide, water, and application area according to the ratio of 1 kg : (20-100 L) : (200-1400 m²). 2 Apply the herbicide at a ratio of )) and ensure that the herbicide is sprayed evenly during the application process;

[0038] Step 4: 24-72 hours after spraying, move the surface runoff herbicide detection device to the top of the test slope to ensure that the device sprays water onto the slope to simulate rainfall. The sprayed water covers the primary slope 10 and the secondary slope 11. Set the spray volume to 20-300 mm / h. First, based on the preset test spraying time and the spray volume detected by the rain gauge 3, determine whether the spray volume meets the set value. If it does not meet the set value, dynamically adjust the liquid mass controller 5 and the pressure sensor to control the spray flow and water supply pressure of the shower head 2. Monitor the actual spray volume through the rain gauge 3 until the set value is reached. Once the expected requirements are met, officially start simulating rainfall.

[0039] Step 5: Following the optimized test parameters, spray water continuously for 0.5-24 hours, then collect surface runoff water, seal it in a brown sampling bottle, place it in a sample incubator, and send it to the laboratory for testing within 12-24 hours.

[0040] The method for detecting herbicides in surface runoff provided by this invention involves first creating a test slope as the test area when using a surface runoff herbicide detection device to detect the herbicide content in surface runoff along a railway line. The test slope includes a primary slope 10, a secondary slope 11, and a collection trough 12, all connected to each other. The slope angle 13 of the primary slope is greater than or equal to the slope angle 14 of the secondary slope. The collection trough 12 is used to hold sampling bottles. Then, a layer of test soil with a thickness of 0.2-1.0 m is evenly spread on the primary slope 10 and the secondary slope 11. Enclosures are installed on both sides of the test slope to prevent rainwater from flowing to the sides. Test turf is then laid on the primary slope 10 and the secondary slope 11, and the test... The lawn was laid flat to ensure smooth rainwater flow. Herbicides were then sprayed onto the test slope, followed by water spraying to simulate rainfall. After 0.5-24 hours of continuous water spraying, surface runoff was collected, sealed in brown sampling bottles, and placed in a sample insulated box. The samples were then sent to the laboratory for testing within 12-24 hours. This effectively detects whether the herbicide content in the surface runoff is below the safe threshold, providing a reference for the safe application of herbicides along railway lines, preventing damage to surrounding crops, and supplementing the lack of surface runoff herbicide testing methods in the railway industry. It provides a professional testing method suitable for railway scenarios, enabling artificial rainfall simulation in typical railway slope test areas and precise control of rainfall amounts.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, in step one, the length of the primary slope 10 is 2-10m, the width W1 of the primary slope 10 is 2-8m, and the slope angle 13 of the primary slope is 20-80°; the length of the secondary slope 11 is 2-10m, the width W2 of the secondary slope 11 is 2-10m, and the slope angle 14 of the secondary slope is 20-80°; the length of the collection trough 12 is 2-10m, the width W3 of the collection trough 12 is 0.3-1.0m, and the depth D of the collection trough 12 is 0.2-1.0m. In this embodiment, the above numerical ranges can be well adapted to the railway scenario, improving the testing accuracy of the surface runoff herbicide detection method.

[0042] In one embodiment of the present invention, the lengths of the primary slope 10, the secondary slope 11, and the collection trough 12 are all the same, thereby ensuring that all rainwater can flow down, thus ensuring the accuracy of the detection method for surface runoff herbicides.

[0043] In one embodiment of the present invention, in step four, the preset test spraying time is 1-60 minutes. The preset test spraying time within the above range can effectively simulate rainfall, thereby improving the testing accuracy of the detection method for surface runoff herbicides.

[0044] In one embodiment of the present invention, in step two, the test lawn is tall fescue, crabgrass, foxtail grass, goosegrass, or barnyard grass, which improves the universality of the detection method for surface runoff herbicides.

[0045] In one embodiment of the present invention, in step two, the soil used for testing is red soil, loess, or black soil, which improves the universality of the detection method for surface runoff herbicides.

[0046] In one embodiment of the present invention, in step one, the length of the primary slope 10 is set to 4m, the width W1 of the primary slope 10 is 2.5m, and the slope angle 13 of the primary slope is 45°; the length of the secondary slope 11 is set to 4m, the width W2 of the secondary slope 11 is 5m, and the slope angle 14 of the secondary slope is 10°; the collection trough 12 is 4m long, 0.5m wide, and 0.3m deep, and the test area is arranged according to the above parameters; in step two, the thickness of the soil used for the sample is set to 0.3m, and the soil type is loess; in step three, the herbicide, water, and application area are prepared according to the ratio of 1kg:40L:667m². 2 The herbicide was applied in the specified proportions, and the herbicide formulation is shown in Table 1. In step four, 48 hours after spraying, the surface runoff herbicide detection device was moved to the top of the test slope, the spraying rate was set to 50 mm / h, and the preset test spraying time was 10 min. In step five, after spraying water continuously for 1 hour, surface runoff water was collected, sealed in a brown sampling bottle, and placed in a sample insulated box. The sample was then sent to the laboratory for testing within 24 hours, and the test results are shown in Table 2.

[0047]

[0048] Table 1

[0049] name 25% Cycloazine Soluble Agent 48% Triclopyralid Safe concentration threshold (μg / L) 500 30000 Residual content (μg / L) 78.2 933.0

[0050] Table 2

[0051] In another embodiment of the present invention, in step one, the length of the primary slope 10 is set to 5m, the width W1 of the primary slope 10 is 2m, and the slope angle 13 of the primary slope is 30°; the length of the secondary slope 11 is set to 5m, the width W2 of the secondary slope 11 is 4m, and the slope angle 14 of the secondary slope is 10°; the collection trough 12 is 5m long, 0.5m wide, and 0.3m deep, and the test area is arranged according to the above parameters; in step two, the thickness of the soil used for the sample is set to 0.3m, and the soil is loess; in step three, the herbicide, water, and application area are prepared according to the ratio of 1kg:80L:667m². 2 The herbicide was applied in the specified proportions, and the herbicide formulation is shown in Table 3. In step four, 48 hours after spraying, the surface runoff herbicide detection device was moved to the top of the test slope, the water spray rate was set to 25 mm / h, and the preset test spray time was 10 min. In step five, after spraying water continuously for 2 hours, surface runoff water was collected, sealed in a brown sampling bottle, and placed in a sample insulated box. The sample was sent to the laboratory for testing within 24 hours, and the test results are shown in Table 4.

[0052]

[0053] Table 3

[0054] name 25% Cycloazine Soluble Agent 48% Triclopyralid Safe concentration threshold (μg / L) 500 30000 Residual content (μg / L) 85.6 549.3

[0055] Table 4

[0056] The present invention provides a surface runoff herbicide detection device and method. The surface runoff herbicide detection device includes a support bracket 1, multiple shower heads 2, a pressure sensor, a liquid quality controller 5, a rain gauge 3, a water inlet pipe, a water supply system 4, and a controller 5. First, the multiple shower heads 2 are installed one-to-one in the mounting holes on the top plate 6 of the support bracket 1. The water inlets of the multiple shower heads 2 are connected to the water outlet of the water inlet pipe, and the water inlet of the water inlet pipe is connected to the water supply system 4 to supply water to the multiple shower heads 2. Then, the rain gauge 3 is placed on the detection surface and located below the top plate 6. The liquid quality controller 5 and the pressure sensor are both connected and installed on the water inlet pipe. Finally, the controller 5 is installed on the support bracket 1, and the rain gauge 3, pressure sensor, liquid quality controller 5, and water supply system 4 are all communicatively connected to the controller 5. When using a surface runoff herbicide detection device to test the herbicide content in surface runoff along a railway line, a test slope is first constructed as the test area. The test slope includes a connected primary slope 10, a secondary slope 11, and a collection trough 12. The slope angle 13 of the primary slope is greater than or equal to the slope angle 14 of the secondary slope. The collection trough 12 is used to hold sampling bottles. Next, a layer of test soil with a thickness of 0.2-1.0m is evenly spread on the primary slope 10 and the secondary slope 11. Enclosures are installed on both sides of the test slope to prevent rainwater from flowing to the sides. Test turf is then laid on the primary slope 10 and the secondary slope 11 and leveled to ensure adequate drainage. Water flows smoothly. Finally, herbicide is sprayed onto the test slope, followed by water spraying to simulate rainfall. After spraying for 0.5-24 hours, surface runoff is collected, sealed in brown sampling bottles, and placed in a sample insulated box. The samples are then sent to the laboratory for testing within 12-24 hours. This effectively detects whether the herbicide content in the surface runoff is below the safety threshold, providing a reference for the safe application of herbicides along railway lines, preventing damage to surrounding crops, and supplementing the lack of surface runoff herbicide testing methods in the railway industry. It provides a professional testing method suitable for railway scenarios, realizing artificial simulated rainfall in typical test areas of railway slopes and accurately controlling the rainfall amount.

[0057] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A surface runoff herbicide detection device, characterized in that, Includes a support bracket, multiple shower heads, a pressure sensor, a liquid quality controller, a rain gauge, an inlet water pipe, a water supply system, and a controller, among which: The support bracket includes a top plate with multiple mounting holes. Multiple shower heads are installed in the mounting holes one by one. The water inlets of the multiple shower heads are connected to the water outlet of the water inlet pipe. The water inlet of the water inlet pipe is connected to the water supply system to supply water to the multiple shower heads. The rain gauge is placed on the detection surface and located below the top plate to detect the water spray volume of the multiple shower heads. The liquid quality controller and the pressure sensor are both connected and installed on the water inlet pipe. The controller is mounted on the support bracket, and the rain gauge, the pressure sensor, the liquid quality controller, and the water supply system are all communicatively connected to the controller.

2. The surface runoff herbicide detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water supply system includes a water tank and a water pump. The inlet of the water pump is connected to the water in the water tank, and the outlet of the water pump is connected to the inlet end of the water inlet pipe. The water pump is communicatively connected to the controller.

3. The surface runoff herbicide detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water pump is a multi-stage centrifugal variable frequency water pump.

4. The surface runoff herbicide detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support bracket also includes four support legs, which are respectively installed at the four corners of the bottom surface of the top plate.

5. A method for detecting herbicides in surface runoff, comprising using the surface runoff herbicide detection device according to any one of claims 1-4 to detect the herbicide content in surface runoff along a railway line, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Create a test slope as the test area. The test slope includes a primary slope, a secondary slope, and a collection trough connected together. The slope angle of the primary slope is greater than or equal to the slope angle of the secondary slope. Sampling points are set at the junction of the secondary slope and the collection trough. The collection trough is used to place sampling bottles. Step 2: Evenly spread test soil with a thickness of 0.2-1.0m on the first-level slope and the second-level slope. Install barriers on both sides of the test slope to prevent rainwater from flowing to both sides of the test slope. Lay test turf on the first-level slope and the second-level slope and lay the test turf flat to ensure that rainwater flows smoothly. Step 3: Mix the herbicide, water, and application area according to the ratio of 1 kg : (20-100 L) : (200-1400 m²). 2 Apply the herbicide at a ratio of )) and ensure that the herbicide is sprayed evenly during the application process; Step 4: 24-72 hours after spraying, move the surface runoff herbicide detection device above the test slope to ensure that the device sprays water onto the slope to simulate rainfall, covering both the primary and secondary slopes. Set the spray rate to 20-300 mm / h. First, based on the preset test spray time and the spray rate detected by the rain gauge, determine whether the spray rate meets the set value. If it does not meet the set value, dynamically adjust the liquid quality controller and pressure sensor to control the spray flow and water pressure of the shower head. Monitor the actual spray rate using the rain gauge until the set value is reached. Once the expected requirements are met, officially begin simulating rainfall. Step 5: Following the optimized test parameters, spray water continuously for 0.5-24 hours, then collect surface runoff water, seal it in a brown sampling bottle, place it in a sample incubator, and send it to the laboratory for testing within 12-24 hours.

6. The method for detecting surface runoff herbicides according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step one, the length of the primary slope is 2-10m, the width W1 of the primary slope is 2-8m, and the slope angle of the primary slope is 20-80°; the length of the secondary slope is 2-10m, the width W2 of the secondary slope is 2-10m, and the slope angle of the secondary slope is 20-80°; the length of the collection trough is 2-10m, the width W3 of the collection trough is 0.3-1.0m, and the depth D of the collection trough is 0.2-1.0m.

7. The method for detecting surface runoff herbicides according to claim 5, characterized in that, The lengths of the primary slope, the secondary slope, and the collection trough are all the same.

8. The method for detecting surface runoff herbicides according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step four, the preset test spraying time is 1-60 minutes.

9. The method for detecting surface runoff herbicides according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step two, the experimental lawn is tall fescue, crabgrass, foxtail grass, goosegrass, or barnyard grass.

10. The method for detecting surface runoff herbicides according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step two, the soil used for the experiment is red soil, loess, or black soil.

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