A rapid liquid injection system for lithium batteries based on the principle of vacuum pulse.

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of lithium battery electrolyte filling, specifically to a rapid electrolyte filling system for lithium batteries utilizing the principle of vacuum pulses. The lithium battery cell has an electrolyte filling interface and an exhaust interface. The rapid electrolyte filling system includes an electrolyte filling fixture, an electrolyte filling pump, and a pneumatic pulse control unit. The pneumatic pulse control unit includes: a vacuum storage tank for storing deep negative pressure potential energy, a recharge buffer tank for storing shallow negative pressure potential energy, and a high-frequency switching valve assembly. The high-frequency switching valve assembly has a common terminal, a first input terminal, and a second input terminal. The common terminal is connected to the exhaust interface, the first input terminal is connected to the vacuum storage tank, and the second input terminal is connected to the recharge buffer tank. This invention, by pre-storing potential energy in the vacuum storage tank and the recharge buffer tank, and in conjunction with the high-frequency switching valve assembly, can generate intense pressure pulses with frequencies as high as 0.5Hz-5Hz inside the battery cell. This actively and mechanically disrupts the gas-liquid interfacial tension within the micropores of the electrode, forcibly expelling deep-seated gas and drawing in electrolyte, significantly shortening the electrolyte filling time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lithium battery electrolyte filling, and more specifically to a rapid electrolyte filling system for lithium batteries that utilizes the principle of vacuum pulse. Background Technology

[0002] The electrolyte filling process is a critical step in the battery manufacturing process, as the wetting effect of the electrolyte inside the cell directly affects the battery's electrochemical performance and cycle life.

[0003] In the prior art, in order to solve the problem of difficult liquid injection, vacuum liquid injection or pressure circulation liquid injection methods are usually used. However, the prior art mainly relies on positive pressure static placement to promote absorption. This static or low-frequency pressure change method is difficult to quickly disrupt the surface tension balance of the tiny bubbles in the electrode gap, resulting in a long liquid injection cycle.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a rapid injection system that can overcome air resistance and improve injection efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a rapid liquid injection system for lithium batteries that applies the principle of vacuum pulse, aiming to solve the problem of insufficient static liquid injection efficiency in the prior art.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention specifically provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A rapid liquid injection system for lithium batteries using the principle of vacuum pulse includes: a liquid injection fixture configured to fix a lithium battery cell to be injected, the lithium battery cell having a liquid injection interface and a venting interface;

[0008] An injection pump, connected to a liquid source and the injection port, is used to inject electrolyte into the lithium battery cell;

[0009] A pneumatic pulse control unit, connected to the exhaust port, is used to control the generation of pulsed pressure fluctuations inside the lithium battery when the injection pump injects electrolyte into the lithium battery cell.

[0010] The pneumatic pulse control unit includes a vacuum energy storage component, including a vacuum energy storage tank configured to store deep negative pressure potential energy.

[0011] A constant pressure recharge assembly includes a recharge buffer tank configured to store shallow negative pressure potential energy;

[0012] A high-frequency switching valve assembly has a common terminal, a first input terminal, and a second input terminal. The common terminal is connected to the exhaust port, the first input terminal is connected to the vacuum accumulator, and the second input terminal is connected to the recharge buffer tank.

[0013] The controller is configured to control the high-frequency switching valve assembly to switch between a first position and a second position, wherein the first position is connected to the common terminal and the first input terminal, and the second position is connected to the common terminal and the second input terminal.

[0014] Furthermore, the exhaust port is connected to an exhaust pipe, and an inverted V-shaped baffle is installed inside the exhaust pipe;

[0015] A separate gas-liquid separator is provided between the exhaust pipe and the high-frequency switching valve group.

[0016] Furthermore, an air path integration block is installed between the exhaust port and the common end of the high-frequency switching valve group;

[0017] The gas path integrated block has an internal rising channel for gas-liquid mixture. A gas-liquid separation grid is installed inside the rising channel. The gas-liquid separation grid includes multiple rows of baffles fixed to the inner wall of the rising channel. Adjacent baffles overlap each other in the vertical direction and leave gas flow gaps in the horizontal direction.

[0018] The high-frequency switching valve assembly is directly attached to the side of the gas path integrated block opposite to the exhaust port.

[0019] Furthermore, the multiple rows of baffles in the gas-liquid separation grid are all arc-shaped hook-shaped baffles;

[0020] The upper part of each of the arc-shaped hook-shaped baffles is curved and hook-shaped, and the lower part of each of the arc-shaped hook-shaped baffles is bifurcated in an inverted V shape, forming a tortuous airflow channel between adjacent arc-shaped hook-shaped baffles.

[0021] Furthermore, a vortex centrifugal separator is also integrated inside the gas path integrated block and downstream of the gas-liquid separation grid;

[0022] The vortex centrifugal separator includes a spiral vortex channel. The gas flow discharged from the gas-liquid separation grid enters the spiral vortex channel through a tangential air inlet, and centrifugal force is used to separate the residual liquid in the gas flow.

[0023] The spiral vortex flow channel has an air outlet at its center top, and the air outlet is directly connected to the common end of the high-frequency switching valve group.

[0024] Furthermore, the bottom of the vortex centrifugal separator on the side opposite to the tangential air inlet is provided with a drain port, through which the liquid separated by the vortex centrifugal separator is discharged, and the drain port is connected to a drain check valve.

[0025] Furthermore, it also includes an external pressure compensation device, which includes an external sealing cavity configured to form an independent sealed space outside the lithium battery cell.

[0026] The external pressure compensation device also includes an external pressurization air passage connected to the external sealed cavity;

[0027] The controller is configured to regulate the pressure inside the external sealed cavity via an external pressurization air path, so that it remains greater than or equal to the peak pressure inside the lithium battery cell during the process of injecting electrolyte into the lithium battery cell.

[0028] Furthermore, the external pressure compensation device includes an upper clamp, a lower clamp, and a sealing ring disposed between the contact surfaces of the upper clamp and the lower clamp;

[0029] When the upper clamp and the lower clamp are closed, they form the external sealed cavity.

[0030] Furthermore, the constant pressure recharge assembly also includes an air source and a first pressure regulating valve;

[0031] The gas source, the first pressure regulating valve, and the recharge buffer tank are connected in series via pipelines.

[0032] The first pressure regulating valve is configured to adjust the high-pressure gas input from the gas source to a preset recharge pressure value before inputting it into the recharge buffer tank;

[0033] The recharge pressure is configured to be lower than the electrolyte supply pressure at the injection port, thereby establishing a positive pressure gradient between the vent port and the injection port.

[0034] Furthermore, the vacuum energy storage assembly also includes a vacuum pump and an exhaust check valve;

[0035] The vacuum pump's intake port is connected to the vacuum accumulator via the exhaust check valve;

[0036] The volume of the vacuum storage tank is configured to be greater than a preset multiple of the gas volume discharged from the lithium battery cell in a single pulse cycle.

[0037] The beneficial effects of this invention compared to the prior art are:

[0038] This invention uses a vacuum storage tank and a recharge buffer tank to store potential energy. Combined with a high-frequency switching valve group, it can generate intense pressure pulses with a frequency of up to 0.5Hz-5Hz inside the battery cell. This actively and mechanically breaks the gas-liquid interfacial tension in the micropores of the electrode, forcibly expelling deep gas and drawing in electrolyte, significantly shortening the electrolyte injection time. Attached Figure Description

[0039] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0040] Figure 1 This is a system diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a front view of the gas path integration block according to the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A cross-sectional view along the AA direction;

[0043] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A cross-sectional view along the BB direction;

[0044] The labels in the diagram represent the following:

[0045] 10-Lithium battery cell; 11-Injection port; 12-Exhaust port; 13-Injection pump; 14-Injection check valve; 20-External sealed cavity; 21-Second pressure regulating valve; 30-Vacuum storage tank; 31-Vacuum pump; 32-Exhaust check valve; 40-Recharge buffer tank; 41-First pressure regulating valve; 50-High frequency switching valve assembly; 51-Exhaust pipe; 52-Inverted V-shaped baffle; 53-Gas-liquid separator; 54-Drain check valve; 60-Gas circuit integrated block; 61-Arc-shaped hook baffle; 62-Spiral vortex flow channel; 63-Rising channel; 64-Tangential air inlet; 65-Drain port. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] (First embodiment)

[0048] refer to Figure 1 This embodiment provides a rapid liquid injection system for lithium batteries that applies the principle of vacuum pulse. The system mainly consists of a liquid injection fixture, a liquid injection pump 13, and a pneumatic pulse control unit. It aims to solve the problems of low efficiency and poor wetting consistency caused by air resistance in traditional static vacuum liquid injection.

[0049] The electrolyte injection fixture is configured to fix a lithium battery cell 10 to be injected with electrolyte. The lithium battery cell 10 has an injection port 11 and an exhaust port 12. The injection pump 13 is connected to the injection port 11 via an injection check valve 14 and is connected to the electrolyte supply source. The pneumatic pulse control unit is connected to the exhaust port 12 of the lithium battery cell 10 and is used to generate pulsed pressure fluctuations inside the lithium battery cell 10 while the injection pump 13 continuously injects electrolyte into the lithium battery cell 10.

[0050] Through the coordinated operation of the liquid injection fixture, the liquid injection pump 13, and the pneumatic pulse control unit, the frequent alternating changes in the internal pressure of the lithium battery during the liquid injection process disrupt the surface tension balance of the bubbles in the gap between the electrodes, causing the bubbles to desorb and be discharged. The electrolytic liquid is then injected deep into the electrode using the power of the pressure rebound, thereby improving the liquid injection speed and wetting effect and achieving rapid liquid injection.

[0051] The pneumatic pulse control unit specifically includes a vacuum energy storage component, a constant pressure recharge component, and a high-frequency switching valve group 50.

[0052] The vacuum energy storage assembly includes a vacuum energy storage tank 30, a vacuum pump 31, and an exhaust check valve 32. The vacuum energy storage tank 30 is configured to pre-store deep negative pressure potential energy (e.g., -90 kPa). The vacuum pump 31 is connected to the vacuum energy storage tank 30 through the exhaust check valve 32, and the volume of the vacuum energy storage tank 30 is configured to be much larger than the gas volume discharged in a single pulse to eliminate pressure fluctuations caused by high-frequency pumping and ensure continuous and stable deep negative pressure output.

[0053] The constant-pressure recharge assembly includes a recharge buffer tank 40, configured to pre-store a shallow negative pressure (e.g., -40 kPa). The high-frequency switching valve assembly 50 is a three-way, fast-response valve assembly, with its common terminal connected to the exhaust port 12, its first input terminal connected to the vacuum accumulator tank 30, and its second input terminal connected to the recharge buffer tank 40. The controller controls the high-frequency switching valve assembly 50 to switch between a first position connected to deep negative pressure and a second position connected to shallow negative pressure or normal pressure at a preset frequency (e.g., 0.5 Hz to 5 Hz). By utilizing two independent potential energy tanks in conjunction with the high-frequency switching valve assembly 50, the system can complete the rapid drop and rise of internal pressure within the lithium battery cell 10 within milliseconds, establishing a steep pressure waveform.

[0054] To address the potential problem of electrolyte boiling or splashing caused by high-frequency deep negative pressure suction, this system has installed a rectangular exhaust pipe 51 between the exhaust port 12 and the common end of the high-frequency switching valve group 50, and a gas-liquid separation grid is installed inside the exhaust pipe 51.

[0055] The gas-liquid separation grid consists of multiple rows of inverted V-shaped baffles 52 fixed to the inner wall of the exhaust pipe 51. Adjacent inverted V-shaped baffles 52 overlap each other in the vertical direction and leave gas flow gaps in the horizontal direction.

[0056] Based on the principles of fluid mechanics, gases with lower density can bypass the gaps in the inverted V-shaped baffle 52 along a tortuous path and be discharged, while droplets with higher density and inertia will collide with the lower surface of the inverted V-shaped baffle 52 as they rise with the airflow, be intercepted, and slide back down the inclined plane back to the lithium battery cell 10, thereby achieving physical separation of gas and liquid and effectively preventing electrolyte loss and gas path contamination.

[0057] To further intercept trace amounts of mist that may pass through the gas-liquid separation grid, the system is equipped with a gas-liquid separator 53 as a secondary protection between the exhaust pipe 51 and the high-frequency switching valve group 50.

[0058] The gas-liquid separator 53 has a separation chamber with its inlet and outlet located at the top and a drain check valve 54 at the bottom. When the system is not in operation or the pressure inside the separation chamber is greater than the external ambient pressure, the accumulated waste liquid can be automatically discharged through the drain check valve 54 to prevent the accumulated liquid from clogging the gas path.

[0059] Considering that high-frequency pressure pulses may cause repeated expansion and contraction of the casing of soft-pack or square batteries, thereby causing fatigue damage or bulging deformation, this system introduces an external pressure compensation device, which includes an external sealing cavity 20 formed by an upper clamp, a lower clamp and a sealing ring, and an external pressurization air passage connected to the external sealing cavity 20.

[0060] During the electrolyte injection process, the controller adjusts the pressure inside the external sealed cavity 20 through the external pressurization air circuit (air source and second pressure regulating valve 21) to ensure that it is always greater than or equal to the peak pressure inside the lithium battery cell 10. The external sealed cavity 20 applies external mechanical constraints to the lithium battery cell 10 to limit its volume expansion. At the same time, the external pressure helps to cooperate with the internal negative pressure to accelerate the penetration of electrolyte.

[0061] To ensure process safety, the constant pressure recharge assembly also includes a gas source and a first pressure regulating valve 41. The first pressure regulating valve 41 adjusts the high-pressure gas input from the gas source to a preset recharge pressure value before inputting it into the recharge buffer tank 40.

[0062] The recharge pressure is configured to be lower than the electrolyte supply pressure at the injection port 11, thereby establishing a constant positive pressure gradient between the vent port 12 and the injection port 11, preventing the gas from blowing the electrolyte out of the injection port 11 in the reverse direction during the pulse recharge phase.

[0063] In addition, the controller executes the linkage logic of the injection pump 13: during the suction stage connected to the vacuum accumulator 30, the injection pump 13 is controlled to reduce the delivery flow rate to prevent the incoming liquid and the outgoing gas from causing flow channel blockage; during the backfilling stage connected to the refill buffer tank 40, the delivery flow rate of the injection pump 13 is controlled to accelerate the intake of electrolyte by utilizing the pressure recovery.

[0064] Based on the above system, the injection method of this embodiment includes:

[0065] First, pre-charge the recharge buffer tank 40 with gas to pressure P1, then evacuate the vacuum storage tank 30 to pressure P2, ensuring that P2 is less than P1, thereby establishing a pulse potential energy difference.

[0066] Then adjust the electrolyte pressure at injection pump 13 to P3, ensuring that P1 is less than P3, thereby establishing a safe pressure gradient to prevent backflow.

[0067] Finally, the liquid injection is initiated and the high-frequency switching valve group 50 is activated, causing the internal pressure of the lithium battery cell 10 to oscillate between P2 and P1, thereby achieving rapid liquid injection.

[0068] (Second Embodiment)

[0069] refer to Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 Based on the first embodiment, this embodiment optimizes the exhaust pipe for potential dead volume effects and the protection requirements of the precision valve group, aiming to further improve the waveform fidelity of the high-frequency pulse and extend the service life of the core components.

[0070] Unlike the first embodiment, in this embodiment, the pneumatic pulse control unit and the exhaust port 12 are no longer connected by separate pipes, but by an integrated air circuit block 60 that is directly installed on the exhaust port 12.

[0071] The gas path integrated block 60 integrates gas-liquid shielding and secondary protection functions. The high-frequency switching valve group 50 is directly attached to its back. Through this tight coupling structure, the flow channel volume between the high-frequency switching valve group 50 and the exhaust port 12 of the lithium battery cell 10 is compressed to a minimum. This ensures that when the high-frequency switching valve group 50 performs millisecond-level switching, the pressure inside the lithium battery cell 10 can follow the change with almost no lag, thereby establishing a steeper and more precise pressure waveform.

[0072] The gas path integration block 60 integrates a two-stage physical separation structure from bottom to top:

[0073] The first-stage separation structure is an array of arc-shaped hook-shaped baffles 61, which is located in the gas-liquid mixture rising channel 63 at the bottom of the gas path integration block 60. It consists of multiple rows of arc-shaped hook-shaped baffles 61. The upper part of each arc-shaped hook-shaped baffle 61 is curved and hook-shaped, and the lower part of each arc-shaped hook-shaped baffle 61 is bifurcated in an inverted V shape. Compared with the inverted V-shaped baffle 52, the arc-shaped hook-shaped baffles 61 form a more tortuous S-shaped channel for the airflow.

[0074] Based on the principles of fluid mechanics, the high-speed rising airflow travels around the tortuous channel, while large droplets cannot turn sharply due to inertia. They directly collide with and are captured on the concave surface of the arc-shaped hook baffle 61, and then converge into large droplets that slide back down the surface of the arc-shaped hook baffle 61 back into the lithium battery cell 10, achieving more efficient primary interception.

[0075] The second-stage separation structure is a vortex centrifugal separator, which is located on the upper part of the gas path integration block 60 and downstream of the array of arc-shaped hook baffles 61. It contains a spiral vortex flow channel 62, and the airflow after the first-stage separation enters the flow channel through the tangential air inlet 64.

[0076] Inside the spiral vortex channel 62, the high-speed airflow is forced to rotate and generate a strong centrifugal force. The residual micro-mist is thrown to the outer wall and condenses into a liquid film under the action of centrifugal force, sinks along the wall and is discharged through the drain port 65; while the dry gas is concentrated in the central area and enters the high-frequency switching valve group 50 attached to the surface of the integrated block directly through the air outlet at the top of the center.

[0077] Through the above two-stage composite separation mechanism, this embodiment achieves high-efficiency interception of electrolyte mist, preventing it from entering the high-frequency switching valve group 50 and causing corrosion or crystallization jamming.

[0078] The advantages of this embodiment are: after the high-frequency switching valve group 50 is started, the low dead volume characteristic of the gas path integrated block 60 is used to generate a high-fidelity high-frequency pressure pulse inside the lithium battery cell 10; at the same time, the dual protection of the arc-shaped hook baffle 61 and the vortex centrifugal separator ensures the cleanliness and safety of the gas path under severe exhaust conditions, and finally achieves efficient, stable and long-life rapid liquid injection.

[0079] The above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the claims. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or equivalent substitutions to the present invention within its spirit and scope of protection, and such modifications or equivalent substitutions should also be considered as falling within the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A rapid liquid injection system for lithium batteries using the vacuum pulse principle, characterized in that, include: The liquid injection fixture is configured to fix a lithium battery cell (10) to be injected with liquid, the lithium battery cell (10) having a liquid injection port (11) and a venting port (12). The liquid injection pump (13) is connected to the liquid source and the liquid injection interface (11) for injecting electrolyte into the lithium battery cell (10); A pneumatic pulse control unit, connected to the exhaust port (12), is used to control the generation of pulsed pressure fluctuations inside the lithium battery when the injection pump (13) injects electrolyte into the lithium battery cell (10); The pneumatic pulse control unit includes: Vacuum energy storage assembly, including a vacuum energy storage tank (30) configured to store deep negative pressure potential energy. The constant pressure recharge assembly includes a recharge buffer tank (40) configured to store shallow negative pressure potential energy. The high-frequency switching valve assembly (50) has a common terminal, a first input terminal and a second input terminal. The common terminal is connected to the exhaust port (12), the first input terminal is connected to the vacuum accumulator (30), and the second input terminal is connected to the recharge buffer tank (40). The controller is configured to control the high-frequency switching valve group (50) to switch between a first position and a second position, wherein the first position is connected to the common terminal and the first input terminal, and the second position is connected to the common terminal and the second input terminal.

2. The lithium battery rapid electrolyte injection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The exhaust port (12) is connected to an exhaust pipe (51), and an inverted V-shaped baffle (52) is provided inside the exhaust pipe (51). A split gas-liquid separator (53) is provided between the exhaust pipe (51) and the high-frequency switching valve group (50).

3. The lithium battery rapid electrolyte injection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, An air passage integration block (60) is installed between the exhaust port (12) and the common end of the high-frequency switching valve group (50). The gas path integrated block (60) has an internal rising channel (63) for a gas-liquid mixture. A gas-liquid separation grid is installed inside the rising channel (63). The gas-liquid separation grid includes multiple rows of baffles fixed to the inner wall of the rising channel (63). Adjacent baffles overlap each other in the vertical direction and leave gas flow gaps in the horizontal direction. The high-frequency switching valve assembly (50) is directly attached to the side of the gas circuit integrated block (60) away from the exhaust port (12).

4. The lithium battery rapid electrolyte injection system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The multiple rows of baffles of the gas-liquid separation grid are all arc-shaped hook-shaped baffles (61). The upper part of each of the arc-shaped hook baffles (61) is curved and hook-shaped, and the lower part of each of the arc-shaped hook baffles (61) is inverted V-shaped fork, forming a tortuous airflow channel between adjacent arc-shaped hook baffles (61).

5. The lithium battery rapid electrolyte injection system according to claim 4, characterized in that, Inside the gas path integration block (60), and downstream of the gas-liquid separation grid, there is also an integrated vortex centrifugal separator; The vortex centrifugal separator includes a spiral vortex channel (62). The gas flow discharged from the gas-liquid separation grid enters the spiral vortex channel (62) through the tangential air inlet (64) and uses centrifugal force to separate the residual liquid in the gas flow. The spiral vortex channel (62) has an air outlet at its center top, which is directly connected to the common end of the high-frequency switching valve group (50).

6. The lithium battery rapid electrolyte injection system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bottom of the vortex centrifugal separator on the side opposite to the tangential air inlet (64) is provided with a drain port (65), and the liquid separated by the vortex centrifugal separator is discharged through the drain port (65). The drain port (65) is connected to a drain check valve (54).

7. The lithium battery rapid electrolyte injection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an external pressure compensation device, which includes an external sealing cavity (20) configured to form an independent sealed space outside the lithium battery cell (10); The external pressure compensation device also includes an external pressurization air passage connected to the external sealed cavity (20); The controller is configured to regulate the pressure inside the external sealed cavity (20) via an external pressurization air path, so that it remains greater than or equal to the peak pressure inside the lithium battery cell (10) during the process of injecting electrolyte into the lithium battery cell (10).

8. The lithium battery rapid electrolyte injection system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The external pressure compensation device includes an upper clamp, a lower clamp, and a sealing ring disposed between the contact surfaces of the upper clamp and the lower clamp; when the upper clamp and the lower clamp are closed, they form the external sealing cavity (20).

9. The lithium battery rapid electrolyte injection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The constant pressure recharge assembly also includes an air source and a first pressure regulating valve (41). The gas source, the first pressure regulating valve (41) and the recharge buffer tank (40) are connected in series through pipelines; the first pressure regulating valve (41) is configured to adjust the high-pressure gas input from the gas source to a preset recharge pressure value and then input it into the recharge buffer tank (40). The recharge pressure is configured to be lower than the electrolyte supply pressure at the injection port (11), thereby establishing a positive pressure gradient between the vent port (12) and the injection port (11).

10. The lithium battery rapid electrolyte injection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vacuum energy storage assembly also includes a vacuum pump (31) and an exhaust check valve (32); the suction port of the vacuum pump (31) is connected to the vacuum energy storage tank (30) through the exhaust check valve (32); the volume of the vacuum energy storage tank (30) is configured to be greater than a preset multiple of the gas volume discharged from the lithium battery cell (10) in a single pulse cycle.

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