A bridge tunnel structure health monitoring system and ring network fault self-healing communication method

Abstract

The application relates to the field of civil engineering structure safety monitoring and Internet of Things communication technology, in particular to a bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring system and a ring network fault self-healing communication method. The system comprises a sensing and collecting layer, a ring network communication layer and a monitoring application layer; the sensing and collecting layer comprises a plurality of distributed data collecting nodes arranged at key positions of the bridge and tunnel, and is used for collecting physical response data; the ring network communication layer is formed by connecting the data collecting nodes through communication links to form a physical closed loop topology; each data collecting node is provided with double communication ports and is connected with adjacent network equipment; the ring network communication layer runs an intelligent routing switching mechanism, and can control node switching of a routing path in case of a fault. The application solves the single point fault hidden danger of a traditional communication architecture from the root by means of a three-level architecture, a physical closed loop topology, double communication ports and an intelligent routing switching mechanism, and greatly improves the communication reliability and data transmission continuity of the system.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of civil engineering structure safety monitoring and Internet of Things communication technology, and in particular to a bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring system and a ring network fault self-healing communication method. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a core component of transportation infrastructure, bridge and tunnel structures are prone to structural damage accumulation during long-term service due to vehicle load, environmental erosion, material aging, and natural disasters, which directly threatens the operation safety. To ensure the safe and stable operation of bridge and tunnel structures, a structure health monitoring system has emerged, which deploys various sensors (such as accelerometers, strain gauges, displacement meters, etc.) at key parts of the bridge and tunnel to collect real-time physical response data, which is transmitted to the monitoring center for analysis and evaluation, providing data support for structure safety warning and operation decision-making. However, the communication architecture of existing bridge and tunnel health monitoring systems still has significant technical defects, making it difficult to meet the high reliability monitoring requirements in complex environments.

[0003] In the prior art, bridge and tunnel health monitoring systems mostly use star or chain communication network topology (such as the bridge online health monitoring system disclosed in document CN109781178A, which uses a chain extension combined with star aggregation architecture of "monitoring node - aggregation unit - data center"). Such topology structure has inherent reliability shortcomings: star network is highly dependent on central aggregation nodes, once the central node fails, the data transmission of all hanging monitoring nodes will be completely paralyzed; chain network faces the problem of "single point failure" chain effect, any node or communication line failure in the chain will cause communication interruption between the subsequent nodes and the monitoring center. At the same time, bridge and tunnel structures generally have large spatial span and harsh service environment, and factors such as lightning, vibration, moisture, and electromagnetic interference are prone to cause communication link or node failure. Traditional topology lacks effective redundancy backup and self-healing mechanism, and cannot quickly recover communication, resulting in loss or interruption of monitoring data, seriously affecting the continuity and effectiveness of the monitoring system. In addition, although the system of CN109781178A optimizes data transmission efficiency through time-sharing upload and data compression, it does not solve the core communication architecture reliability problem, and the communication link built by relying on routers and switches still belongs to linear transmission path, once a segment of the link fails, data upload will be directly blocked. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring system and a ring network fault self-healing communication method, aiming to solve the problem of single point failure in traditional bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring systems using star or chain communication topology, which causes communication interruption and difficulty in continuous and reliable transmission of monitoring data.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the following technical solutions are adopted.

[0006] A bridge-tunnel structure health monitoring system comprises a sensing acquisition layer, a ring network communication layer and a monitoring application layer;

[0007] The sensing acquisition layer comprises a plurality of data acquisition nodes distributed at key positions of the bridge-tunnel structure, and the data acquisition nodes are configured to acquire physical response data of the bridge-tunnel structure;

[0008] The ring network communication layer is formed by the plurality of data acquisition nodes being connected in series through communication links to form a physical closed-loop topology;

[0009] The monitoring application layer comprises a system monitoring center; each data acquisition node is configured with a first communication port and a second communication port, the first communication port and the second communication port are used to connect the data acquisition node to two different adjacent network devices in the physical closed-loop topology; the ring network communication layer is configured to run an intelligent routing switching mechanism, which is used to control the plurality of data acquisition nodes to switch the routing path for data transmission when a fault is detected in the physical closed-loop topology.

[0010] Optionally, the ring network communication layer is a wired communication ring network based on industrial Ethernet technology; the communication medium of the wired communication ring network is an optical fiber or a shielded twisted pair; the intelligent routing switching mechanism is implemented through a ring network redundancy protocol, and the ring network redundancy protocol is one of a rapid spanning tree protocol, a media redundancy protocol or a special industrial ring network protocol.

[0011] Optionally, the data acquisition node comprises a microprocessor module, a data acquisition module and a dual-port communication module;

[0012] The data acquisition module is connected to the microprocessor module and is configured to access and acquire output signals of sensors arranged on the bridge-tunnel structure;

[0013] The dual-port communication module is connected to the microprocessor module and is configured to provide two independent physical network interfaces, i.e., the first communication port and the second communication port;

[0014] The microprocessor module is configured to process data acquired by the data acquisition module and send and receive data through the dual-port communication module according to the routing path determined by the intelligent routing switching mechanism.

[0015] Optionally, further comprising a data aggregation center; the data aggregation center accesses the ring network communication layer as a logical node, and together with the plurality of data collection nodes forms the physical closed-loop topology; the data aggregation center comprises a ring network management module, which is configured to maintain logical topology information of the ring network communication layer, and collect running state information of the plurality of data collection nodes.

[0016] Optionally, the system monitoring center comprises a network topology visualization unit and a fault alarm unit; the network topology visualization unit is in communication connection with the data aggregation center, and is configured to receive and display the logical topology information of the ring network communication layer and the running state information of the plurality of data collection nodes; the fault alarm unit is configured to trigger an alarm operation and record a fault event when receiving fault information from the ring network communication layer.

[0017] A fault self-healing communication method of a bridge-tunnel structure health monitoring ring network, applied to a ring network communication layer comprising a plurality of data collection nodes, the plurality of data collection nodes are sequentially connected in series through communication links to form a physical closed-loop topology, and each data collection node has a first communication port and a second communication port, the method comprising the following steps:

[0018] S1, each node in the ring network communication layer periodically sends a link detection packet to an adjacent node through the first communication port and the second communication port, and listens to the link detection packet from the adjacent node, to maintain link connectivity state information;

[0019] S2, when a first node does not receive a link detection packet from a second node through a target communication port in continuous M detection periods, the first node determines that a target communication link between the first node and the second node has failed, and generates a fault notification packet containing an identification of the first node and an identification of the second node, wherein M is an integer greater than 1;

[0020] S3, the first node broadcasts the fault notification packet to the ring network communication layer, and the remaining nodes in the ring network communication layer other than the first node update their respective local routing tables according to the fault notification packet after receiving the fault notification packet, and mark the target communication link as unavailable;

[0021] S4, after the routing table is updated, data packets that need to be transmitted through the target communication link in the ring network communication layer are forwarded by a source node or an intermediate node according to the updated routing table to select an alternative path bypassing the target communication link.

[0022] Optionally, after step S4, further comprising:

[0023] S5. During the duration of the fault, the first node continues to periodically send link detection messages through the target communication port;

[0024] S6. When the first node receives a link detection message from the second node again through the target communication port within N consecutive detection cycles, the first node determines that the target communication link has been restored and generates a link restoration announcement message to broadcast to the ring network communication layer, where N is an integer greater than 1.

[0025] S7. After receiving the link recovery notification message, the nodes in the ring network communication layer update their local routing tables, restore the target communication link to an available state, and converge the data flow forwarding path to the optimal path according to the updated routing table.

[0026] Optionally, in step S3, the total time for all nodes in the ring network communication layer to complete the routing table update is less than 100 milliseconds; in step S4, the forwarding of the data packet is completed at the link layer or network layer without interrupting the transport layer connection to which the data packet belongs.

[0027] Optionally, an initialization step may be included before step S1:

[0028] After the nodes in the ring network communication layer are powered on, they learn and establish a table of neighboring node relationships by exchanging link layer discovery protocol messages or custom topology discovery messages.

[0029] The node reports the adjacent node relationship table to the data aggregation center;

[0030] The data aggregation center constructs a complete ring network logical topology based on the adjacent node relationship table reported by all nodes and distributes it to each node for storage, serving as the initial basis for the routing table.

[0031] Optionally, step S3 further includes: after receiving the fault notification message, the data aggregation center pushes the fault notification message to the system monitoring center; the system monitoring center identifies the target communication link as abnormal in the displayed network topology diagram according to the first node identifier and the second node identifier in the fault notification message, and triggers the fault alarm operation.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] The application solves the single point failure hidden danger existing in the traditional communication architecture from the root, greatly improves the communication reliability and data transmission continuity of the bridge tunnel structure health monitoring system, through the three-level architecture design of the sensing collection layer, the ring network communication layer and the monitoring application layer, combined with the physical closed loop topology, the double communication port configuration of the data collection node and the intelligent routing switching mechanism. The cooperative design of the physical closed loop topology and the double communication port builds a bidirectional redundant transmission path, when any node or communication link in the ring network fails, the intelligent routing switching mechanism can quickly detect the failure and automatically switch the routing path, ensuring uninterrupted data transmission, effectively guaranteeing the integrity and real-time of the monitoring data, meeting the core demand of the communication stability of the bridge tunnel structure health monitoring.

[0034] The wired communication ring network based on the industrial Ethernet technology, with optical fiber or shielded twisted pair as the communication medium, has strong anti-interference ability and signal transmission stability, which is suitable for the service characteristics of long distance and harsh environment (such as lightning, vibration, humidity, electromagnetic interference) of the bridge tunnel structure, further guaranteeing the data transmission quality. Through the cooperative work of the microprocessor module, the data collection module and the double port communication module, the data collection node realizes efficient collection, processing and transmission of sensor data, ensuring seamless connection of data in the routing switching process. The data aggregation center as the logical node of the ring network, through the ring network management module, maintains the topology information and node running state, providing strong support for the stable operation of the ring network; the network topology visualization unit and the fault alarm unit of the system monitoring center can realize real-time presentation of the ring network state, quickly locate the fault point and trigger the alarm when the fault occurs, which significantly reduces the operation and maintenance difficulty and response time. The fault self-healing communication method realizes millisecond-level fault switching and system convergence through periodic link detection, fault rapid notification, routing table synchronization update and path convergence after link recovery, without interrupting the transmission layer connection, which guarantees the continuity of data flow; the topology automatic discovery and synchronization mechanism in the system initialization stage simplifies the deployment process, improves the expansion flexibility of the system, and the new monitoring point can be directly connected to any position of the ring network, which effectively adapts to the dynamic changes of the bridge tunnel structure monitoring demand, and reduces the cost of system deployment and later expansion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a whole architecture topology diagram of the bridge tunnel structure health monitoring system of the application.

[0036] Figure 2 It is a structure block diagram of the data collection node of the bridge tunnel structure health monitoring system of the application.

[0037] Figure 3 It is a control flow diagram of the fault self-healing communication method embodiment of the bridge tunnel structure health monitoring ring network of the application.

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the data flow of the ring network under normal conditions, representing an embodiment of the fault self-healing communication method for a bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring ring network according to the present invention.

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the data flow of the ring network under fault conditions, representing an embodiment of the fault self-healing communication method for a bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring ring network according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other.

[0041] The following detailed description is exemplary and intended to provide further detailed explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terminology used in this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of a bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring system includes a sensor acquisition layer, a ring network communication layer, and a monitoring application layer. Each layer works together to realize the acquisition, transmission, analysis, and system status monitoring of the physical response data of the bridge and tunnel structure, comprehensively ensuring the continuous and reliable transmission of monitoring data and the stable operation of the system.

[0044] The core of the sensing and acquisition layer consists of multiple distributed data acquisition nodes, precisely positioned at critical locations within the bridge and tunnel structure. For bridge structures, nodes are primarily located at key stress-bearing areas such as the mid-span of the main girder, girder ends, pier tops, and support areas. For tunnel structures, nodes are deployed at locations prone to damage accumulation, such as the arch crown, the middle of the sidewalls, areas of concentrated stress in the foundation slab, and both sides of expansion joints. Each data acquisition node is connected to various types of sensors, including accelerometers, strain gauges, displacement gauges, temperature and humidity sensors, tilt sensors, and crack gauges. These sensors are used to collect physical response data such as vibration acceleration, strain values, settlement displacement, ambient temperature and humidity, structural tilt angle, and crack width, enabling a comprehensive understanding of the overall health status of the bridge and tunnel structure.

[0045] The data acquisition node is internally designed in a modular manner and mainly consists of a microprocessor module, a data acquisition module, a dual-port communication module and a power management module. The microprocessor module selects an ARMCortex-A series chip, which has high-performance data processing capability and low-power consumption characteristics, and can efficiently complete tasks such as receiving, processing, storing and communication control of sensor data, meeting the continuous operation requirements in complex environments. The data acquisition module uses a multi-channel ADC chip, which supports simultaneous access to 8 to 16 different types of sensors, the sampling rate range can be adjusted according to the monitoring requirements, the sampling accuracy reaches a high-precision level, and it can accurately collect analog or digital signals output by the sensor and convert them into a data format that can be recognized and processed by the microprocessor module, ensuring the accuracy of the original monitoring data. The dual-port communication module uses a dual-Ethernet PHY chip, which provides two independent physical network interfaces, namely a first communication port and a second communication port. Each port is compatible with the industrial Ethernet communication standard and supports a transmission rate of 100 Mbps or 1000 Mbps, enabling high-speed and stable connection with adjacent network devices in the ring network and providing hardware support for bidirectional data transmission. The power management module includes a power conversion circuit, a voltage stabilizing circuit and a backup power supply interface. The power conversion circuit can convert external input 220V AC or 24V DC into 3.3V, 5V or 12V working voltage required by each module; the voltage stabilizing circuit uses a high-precision linear voltage stabilizing chip to ensure that the ripple coefficient of the output voltage is extremely small, ensuring the stable operation of each module; the backup power supply interface can connect a 12V storage battery, automatically switching to backup power supply when external power supply is interrupted, continuously providing power for the data acquisition node, avoiding data loss or node downtime due to power supply interruption.

[0046] The ring network communication layer is formed by a plurality of data acquisition nodes connected in series through communication links to form a physical closed-loop topology, constituting the core channel of data transmission. The communication medium of the communication link can be selected as optical fiber or shielded twisted pair according to the actual environment and transmission requirements of the bridge and tunnel. When the bridge and tunnel span is large and the electromagnetic interference in the environment is serious, optical fiber is preferred as the communication medium. Optical fiber has the advantages of long transmission distance (single-mode optical fiber transmission distance can reach tens of kilometers), strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability and large transmission bandwidth, which can ensure the integrity and stability of data during long-distance transmission; when the bridge and tunnel span is moderate and the interference is relatively small, shielded twisted pair can be selected as the communication medium, which has low cost, convenient wiring construction and certain anti-interference capability, and can meet the data transmission requirements of medium and short distances.

[0047] The ring network communication layer supports a ring network redundancy protocol, and can select a rapid spanning tree protocol, a media redundancy protocol or a special industrial ring network protocol according to real-time requirements and compatibility requirements of the system. The rapid spanning tree protocol is a general ring network redundancy protocol, has good compatibility, can quickly detect network topology changes, and has a fault recovery time of usually tens of milliseconds, and is suitable for scenarios with moderate real-time requirements. The media redundancy protocol is specially designed for industrial Ethernet, is optimized for harsh environments and real-time communication requirements in industrial sites, has a shorter fault recovery time, can meet millisecond-level real-time communication requirements, and ensures continuous transmission of monitoring data. The special industrial ring network protocol is developed by an industrial equipment manufacturer, has better compatibility with specific hardware devices, has stronger environmental adaptability and communication stability, and is suitable for key bridge and tunnel monitoring scenarios with extremely high system reliability requirements.

[0048] The ring network communication layer runs an intelligent routing switching mechanism, which is realized based on the ring network redundancy protocol adopted, can monitor the running state of each communication link and node in real time, and can master the connectivity of adjacent links in real time through periodic sending of link detection messages. When a fault occurs in a link or a node, the intelligent routing switching mechanism will trigger routing recalculation immediately, switch the affected traffic to a backup path in a very short time, form a new closed loop, realize “broken line unbroken network”, and ensure uninterrupted data transmission.

[0049] The monitoring application layer includes a data aggregation center and a system monitoring center, and is the core of data processing, storage, monitoring and management of the system. The data aggregation center, as a logical node, accesses the ring network communication layer and forms a physical closed loop topology with multiple data acquisition nodes. The data aggregation center has a built-in ring network management module, a data storage module and a data forwarding module. The ring network management module adopts a high-performance processor and a special network management chip, can collect topology information and running state information of all data acquisition nodes in the ring network in real time, including node identification, port connection state, link transmission rate, node power supply state and the like, arranges and analyzes these information, constructs a complete ring network logical topology diagram, and updates the topology diagram in real time to reflect the dynamic changes of the network. Meanwhile, the ring network management module has a routing management function, can allocate an optimal routing path for each data acquisition node according to the topology structure and link state of the ring network, and update the routing information in time when the network topology changes (such as node failure, link interruption or recovery), to ensure the efficiency of data transmission.

[0050] The data storage module adopts a large-capacity hard disk array or a solid-state disk group, has a mass data storage capacity, and can store original monitoring data transmitted from the data acquisition nodes, processed analysis data, and system operation logs and other information. The storage module supports data partition storage and backup functions, makes multiple backups of important monitoring data to prevent data loss, and has a data retrieval function to facilitate operators to quickly query and call historical data. The data forwarding module is responsible for forwarding the stored monitoring data to the system monitoring center according to the preset rules, receiving control instructions (such as acquisition parameter adjustment instructions, node restart instructions, etc.) issued by the system monitoring center, and forwarding them to the corresponding data acquisition nodes to realize bidirectional transmission of uplink and downlink data.

[0051] The system monitoring center includes a network topology visualization unit and a fault alarm unit, and has data processing and analysis functions. The network topology visualization unit establishes a stable communication connection with the data aggregation center through a wired network, receives the logical topology information of the ring network communication layer and the running state information of the data acquisition nodes in real time, and uses a graphical interface to intuitively display these information. The visualization interface presents the topology structure of the entire ring network in a graphical manner, including the location distribution of all data acquisition nodes, the connection relationship of communication links, and the running state of nodes and links indicated by different colors, such as normal operation state indicated by green, fault state indicated by red, and sub-healthy state (such as link transmission rate drop, node power supply instability, etc.) indicated by yellow. The operator can clearly and quickly master the running condition of the entire system through the visualization interface.

[0052] The fault alarm unit is built-in with an alarm logic processing module and various alarm output modules. The alarm logic processing module receives fault information from the ring network communication layer in real time, including fault node identification, fault link identification, fault occurrence time, fault type (such as link interruption, node downtime, power supply anomaly, etc.), and determines whether to trigger an alarm according to the preset alarm rules (such as alarm threshold, alarm level division, etc.). The alarm output module supports various alarm modes such as sound alarm, light alarm, SMS alarm, and email alarm. When a fault occurs, multiple alarm modes can be triggered at the same time to ensure that the operator can receive the alarm notification in time. At the same time, the fault alarm unit records the detailed information of the fault event in the alarm log, including the time, location, type, and processing of the fault, which facilitates the operator to query, trace back, and statistically analyze. The system monitoring center also has data processing and analysis functions, which can analyze the received monitoring data in real time and offline, evaluate the health state of the bridge and tunnel structure through the preset health evaluation model, and generate a health state report to provide data support for the operation and maintenance decision of the bridge and tunnel structure.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] As Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown, a bridge-tunnel structure health monitoring ring network fault self-healing communication method embodiment is based on the implementation of the above bridge-tunnel structure health monitoring system, applicable to a physical closed-loop topology formed by a plurality of data acquisition nodes connected in series through communication links, capable of realizing rapid detection, automatic switching and recovery of faults, ensuring the continuity and reliability of data transmission, and specifically comprising the following steps:

[0055] First, after all data acquisition nodes and data aggregation centers in the ring network communication layer are powered on and started, the initialization process is entered. After each node is started, the topology discovery function is automatically turned on to identify adjacent nodes by exchanging link layer discovery protocol packets or custom topology discovery packets. Each node sends topology discovery packets to its first communication port and second communication port, respectively, which contain the node's own unique identification information, port number, device model, and other key information. When the corresponding communication port of the adjacent node receives the topology discovery packet, it will immediately reply with a response packet containing its own identification information. The node that sent the topology discovery packet receives the response packet and parses the adjacent node identification information and port connection relationship in the packet to establish a local adjacent node relationship table, which records the identification of adjacent nodes, connected communication ports, communication link types, and other information.

[0056] After each node completes the establishment of the adjacent node relationship table, it reports the table to the data aggregation center through the ring network communication layer. After the data aggregation center collects all the adjacent node relationship tables reported by the nodes, it summarizes, checks and analyzes the information in these tables, eliminates incorrect or conflicting information, and then constructs a complete ring network logical topology. The ring network logical topology clearly reflects the connection relationship, link distribution, and other information of all data acquisition nodes and data aggregation centers. The data aggregation center distributes the constructed ring network logical topology information to each node in the ring network, and each node receives and stores it in the local storage module as the basis for initializing the local routing table. Each node initializes the local routing table based on the ring network logical topology information and its own location and communication port conditions. The routing table records the optimal routing path to each node in the ring network, including the next hop node identification, used communication port, transmission priority, and expected transmission delay, providing routing guidance for subsequent data transmission.

[0057] After initialization, the ring network enters a stable running state and performs a link detection step. Each data collection node sends a link detection message to the corresponding adjacent node through the first communication port and the second communication port according to a preset detection period. The link detection message is a lightweight heartbeat packet, which is short in length and only contains key information such as the sending node identifier, the receiving node identifier, and the sending timestamp, and does not significantly occupy the communication bandwidth of the ring network. The detection period can be set according to the needs of the actual application scene, and is usually set to be sent once per second, which can ensure real-time monitoring of the link state and avoid waste of network resources caused by too frequent sending. Each node continuously listens to the link detection messages from the two adjacent nodes while sending the link detection message, and records the timestamp, sending node identifier, and other information of each received message. By comparing the sending timestamp and the receiving timestamp, the transmission delay of the link can also be preliminarily judged, and the connectivity state and transmission quality of the adjacent link can be mastered in real time.

[0058] Then, a fault determination step is performed, in which each node monitors and judges the received link detection messages in real time. An integer M greater than 1 is set as the number of consecutive detection periods for fault determination, and the value of M can be adjusted according to the real-time requirements of the system and the stability of the network environment, and is usually set to 3 periods to avoid misjudgment caused by network transient fluctuations, message loss, and other accidental factors. If a node (hereinafter referred to as the first node) does not receive a link detection message from the corresponding adjacent node (hereinafter referred to as the second node) through a certain communication port (hereinafter referred to as the target communication port) for M consecutive detection periods, and does not receive a fault notification or other abnormal state notification sent by the second node within the time period, the first node determines that the target communication link between the first node and the second node has failed. The fault type may include physical line interruption (such as optical fiber breakage, twisted pair breakage), communication port damage (such as port chip failure), adjacent node downtime (such as node power failure, processor failure), etc. After determining the fault, the first node immediately generates a fault notification message, which contains the first node identifier, the second node identifier, the target communication link identifier, the fault occurrence time, the fault determination basis (such as the number of consecutive periods without receiving messages), and other detailed information, to ensure the completeness and accuracy of the fault information.

[0059] After the generation of the fault notification message, the route updating step is entered. The first node broadcasts the fault notification message to all other nodes in the ring network communication layer through its two communication ports, ensuring that each node in the ring network can obtain the fault information in time. After receiving the fault notification message, the other nodes in the ring network analyze the content of the message, extract the fault-related information, and then update their local routing table according to the information, mark the target communication link as unavailable, and recalculate the routing path to other nodes in the ring network based on the updated ring network topology, update the next hop node identifier, used communication port, transmission path, and other information in the routing table, ensuring that the routing table can accurately reflect the current network state.

[0060] After receiving the fault notification message, the data aggregation center also analyzes the message information, updates the logical topology of the ring network stored by itself, marks the fault state of the fault link and related nodes in the topology graph, and pushes the fault notification message to the system monitoring center. After receiving the fault notification message, the system monitoring center identifies the target communication link in the network topology visualization interface according to the first node identifier and the second node identifier in the fault notification message, for example, highlights the fault link in a red flashing manner, and triggers the alarm operation of the fault alarm unit to send an alarm notification to the operator through sound, light, short message, email, and other ways, reminding the operator to handle the fault in time. The total time for all nodes in the ring network to complete the routing table update is controlled within a short range, ensuring that data transmission can quickly adapt to changes in network topology.

[0061] After the routing table is updated, the path switching step is entered. For data packets that need to be transmitted through the target communication link in the ring network communication layer, the source node or intermediate node will query the updated local routing table when forwarding the data packets, and automatically select an alternative path that bypasses the target communication link for forwarding. The alternative path is the reverse path in the ring network, for example, data packets originally transmitted in the clockwise direction will automatically switch to the counterclockwise direction after the target communication link fails, thereby bypassing the fault point. The forwarding process of the data packets is completed in the link layer or network layer, without interrupting the connection of the transmission layer, ensuring the continuity of data transmission, avoiding data loss or communication interruption caused by path switching, and ensuring that monitoring data can be continuously and stably transmitted to the data aggregation center.

[0062] During the fault duration, the first node does not stop monitoring the target communication link, and continues to perform the fault recovery monitoring step. The first node continues to send link detection packets to the second node through the target communication port according to a preset detection period, and real-time detects whether the state of the target communication link is recovered. An integer N greater than 1 is set as the number of continuous detection periods for link recovery judgment, and the value of N can be adjusted according to actual conditions, and is usually set to 3 periods to ensure the accuracy of link recovery judgment. When the first node re-receives the link detection packet from the second node through the target communication port within the continuous N detection periods, and the sending node identifier, timestamp and other information in the packet are normal, without data loss or error, the first node determines that the target communication link has recovered to normal.

[0063] After the link is recovered, the recovery notification and network convergence step is entered. The first node generates a link recovery notification packet, which contains the first node identifier, the second node identifier, the target communication link identifier, the link recovery time and other information, and broadcasts it to all nodes in the ring network communication layer through the two communication ports. After receiving the link recovery notification packet, each node in the ring network parses the packet information, updates its local routing table, restores the state of the target communication link from unavailable to available, and recalculates the optimal routing path to other nodes according to the updated ring network topology, converges the data flow forwarding path to the optimal path before the fault occurs, and ensures the efficiency of data transmission.

[0064] After receiving the link recovery notification packet, the data aggregation center updates the ring network logical topology information, clears the previously marked fault state, restores the normal state identifier of the target communication link and related nodes, and pushes the link recovery information to the system monitoring center. After receiving, the system monitoring center restores the normal state identifier of the target communication link in the network topology visualization interface, stops the fault alarm, and records the detailed information of the link recovery event in the log for the operator to query. At this point, the ring network returns to a stable running state, and continues to perform periodic link detection to ensure that subsequent possible faults can be detected in time.

[0065] Referring to Figure 4 , the data flow in the normal state of the network is shown. The data from node 103 to the data aggregation center 20 can be transmitted in the counterclockwise direction (103→104→...→20) with a shorter path. When the link between nodes 103 and 104 is interrupted (fault point F), nodes 103 and 104 will detect the link failure. They immediately notify the ring network of the fault information. Subsequently, the system starts path switching. As shown in Figure 5As shown, the data from the node 103 to the center 20 will be transmitted automatically along the clockwise direction (103→102→101→...→20), thus avoiding the fault point and ensuring the reachability of the data.

[0066] It is apparent that the present application can be carried out in other specific ways than those herein set forth without departing from the spirit and essential characteristics of the application. Thus, the above disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary and are not only the only ways of implementing the present application. Any modification and change of the present application should be included in the scope of the present application only as long as they fall within the spirit and scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A bridge and tunnel structural health monitoring system, characterized in that, It includes a sensor acquisition layer, a ring network communication layer, and a monitoring application layer; The sensing and acquisition layer includes multiple distributed data acquisition nodes deployed at key parts of the bridge and tunnel structure. The data acquisition nodes are used to collect physical response data of the bridge and tunnel structure. The ring network communication layer is formed by connecting multiple data acquisition nodes sequentially through communication links to form a physical closed-loop topology. The monitoring application layer includes a system monitoring center; each data acquisition node is configured with a first communication port and a second communication port, which are used to connect the data acquisition node to two different adjacent network devices in the physical closed-loop topology; the ring network communication layer is configured to run an intelligent routing switching mechanism, which is used to control the multiple data acquisition nodes to switch the routing path on which data transmission is based when a fault is detected in the physical closed-loop topology; It also includes a data aggregation center; the data aggregation center is connected to the ring network communication layer as a logical node, and together with the multiple data acquisition nodes, it forms the physical closed-loop topology; the data aggregation center includes a ring network management module, which is used to maintain the logical topology information of the ring network communication layer and collect the operating status information of the multiple data acquisition nodes; The intelligent routing switching mechanism is configured to perform the following operations: Each node in the ring network communication layer periodically sends link detection messages to neighboring nodes through the first communication port and the second communication port, and listens for link detection messages from neighboring nodes to maintain link connectivity information. When the first node fails to receive a link detection message from the second node through the target communication port within M consecutive detection cycles, the first node determines that the target communication link between the first node and the second node has failed, and generates a fault notification message containing the identifiers of the first node and the second node, where M is an integer greater than 1. The first node broadcasts the fault notification message to the ring network communication layer. After receiving the fault notification message, the other nodes in the ring network communication layer update their local routing tables according to the fault notification message and mark the target communication link as unavailable. After the routing table is updated, data packets that need to be transmitted through the target communication link in the ring network communication layer are forwarded by the source node or intermediate node according to the updated routing table by selecting an alternative path to bypass the target communication link.

2. The bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ring network communication layer is a wired communication ring network based on industrial Ethernet technology; the communication medium of the wired communication ring network is optical fiber or shielded twisted pair cable; the intelligent routing switching mechanism is implemented through a ring network redundancy protocol, which is one of the following: rapid spanning tree protocol, media redundancy protocol, or dedicated industrial ring network protocol.

3. The bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The data acquisition node includes a microprocessor module, a data acquisition module, and a dual-port communication module; The data acquisition module is connected to the microprocessor module and is used to access and acquire the output signals of the sensors installed on the bridge and tunnel structure. The dual-port communication module is connected to the microprocessor module and is used to provide two independent physical network interfaces, the first communication port and the second communication port. The microprocessor module is configured to process the data acquired by the data acquisition module and send and receive data through the dual-port communication module according to the routing path determined by the intelligent routing switching mechanism.

4. The bridge and tunnel structural health monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system monitoring center includes a network topology visualization unit and a fault alarm unit; the network topology visualization unit is communicatively connected to the data aggregation center and is used to receive and display the logical topology information of the ring network communication layer and the operating status information of the multiple data acquisition nodes. The fault alarm unit is configured to trigger an alarm operation and record the fault event when it receives fault information from the ring network communication layer.

5. A fault self-healing communication method for a bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring ring network, based on a bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring system according to any one of claims 1-4, applied to a ring network communication layer including multiple data acquisition nodes, wherein the multiple data acquisition nodes are connected in series via communication links to form a physical closed-loop topology, and each data acquisition node has a first communication port and a second communication port, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Each node in the ring network communication layer periodically sends link detection messages to neighboring nodes through the first communication port and the second communication port, and listens for link detection messages from neighboring nodes to maintain link connectivity information. S2. When the first node does not receive a link detection message from the second node through the target communication port within M consecutive detection cycles, the first node determines that the target communication link between the first node and the second node has failed, and generates a fault notification message containing the identifier of the first node and the identifier of the second node, where M is an integer greater than 1. S3. The first node broadcasts the fault notification message to the ring network communication layer. After receiving the fault notification message, the other nodes in the ring network communication layer, excluding the first node, update their local routing tables according to the fault notification message and mark the target communication link as unavailable. S4. After the routing table is updated, data packets in the ring network communication layer that need to be transmitted through the target communication link are forwarded by the source node or intermediate node according to the updated routing table by selecting an alternative path to bypass the target communication link.

6. The fault self-healing communication method for a bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring ring network according to claim 5, characterized in that, Following step S4, the following is also included: S5. During the duration of the fault, the first node continues to periodically send link detection messages through the target communication port; S6. When the first node receives a link detection message from the second node again through the target communication port within N consecutive detection cycles, the first node determines that the target communication link has been restored and generates a link restoration announcement message to broadcast to the ring network communication layer, where N is an integer greater than 1. S7. After receiving the link recovery notification message, the nodes in the ring network communication layer update their local routing tables, restore the target communication link to an available state, and converge the data flow forwarding path to the optimal path according to the updated routing table.

7. The fault self-healing communication method for a bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring ring network according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S3, the total time for all nodes in the ring network communication layer to complete the routing table update is less than 100 milliseconds; in step S4, the forwarding of the data packet is completed at the link layer or network layer without interrupting the transport layer connection to which the data packet belongs.

8. The fault self-healing communication method for a bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring ring network according to claim 5, characterized in that, Before step S1, an initialization step is also included: After the nodes in the ring network communication layer are powered on, they learn and establish a table of neighboring node relationships by exchanging link layer discovery protocol messages or custom topology discovery messages. The node reports the adjacent node relationship table to the data aggregation center; The data aggregation center constructs a complete ring network logical topology based on the adjacent node relationship table reported by all nodes and distributes it to each node for storage, serving as the initial basis for the routing table.

9. The fault self-healing communication method for a bridge and tunnel structure health monitoring ring network according to claim 8, characterized in that, Step S3 further includes: after receiving the fault notification message, the data aggregation center pushes the fault notification message to the system monitoring center; the system monitoring center identifies the target communication link as abnormal in the displayed network topology diagram according to the first node identifier and the second node identifier in the fault notification message, and triggers a fault alarm operation.

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