Solid hydrogen storage thermal management system and thermal management control method

Abstract

The solid hydrogen storage heat management system comprises a thermocline energy storage tank, a solid hydrogen storage tank, a heat pump and a switching valve unit, and the thermocline energy storage tank is provided with a hot water area and a cold water area which are used for storing heat exchange media; the hot solid hydrogen storage tank is communicated with the thermocline energy storage tank and the heat pump through an outer circulation pipeline, the heat pump comprises a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger and an inner circulation pipeline unit for flowing refrigerants, and the inner circulation pipeline unit comprises two stages of inner circulation pipelines; the heat pump is selectively started during hydrogen storage or hydrogen desorption according to the temperature of a heat exchange medium heat source or cold source; the switching valve unit is arranged on the outer circulation pipeline and used for switching the flowing path of the heat exchange medium according to the working conditions. According to the solid hydrogen storage thermal management system and the thermal management control method, through the cascade heat pump, the temperature difference of the heat exchange media at the two ends of the heat pump is increased, the response speed for the external temperature is increased, the energy consumption is reduced, and the hydrogen storage or hydrogen desorption efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage technology, specifically to a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system and a thermal management and control method. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen energy is an important new energy storage method and a carbon-free energy source, boasting advantages such as abundant supply, green efficiency, and wide application. Hydrogen storage and transportation technology, as a key link and bottleneck in the hydrogen energy industry chain, directly impacts the promotion and application level of hydrogen energy due to its efficiency and safety. Hydrogen storage types typically include gaseous hydrogen storage, liquid hydrogen storage, and solid-state hydrogen storage.

[0003] Gaseous hydrogen storage can be operated at room temperature, with storage pressures typically between 35-70 MPa and volumetric hydrogen storage densities between 23-38 kg / m³. The technology is currently mature and filling is relatively fast, but it also has drawbacks such as low safety and low storage and transportation efficiency.

[0004] Liquid hydrogen storage requires a temperature below -253℃, a storage pressure within 1MPa, and a volumetric hydrogen storage density as high as 70kg / m³. It has advantages such as low pressure, fast filling, and high volumetric hydrogen storage density, but also disadvantages such as easy volatility, high equipment cost, and high energy consumption.

[0005] Solid-state hydrogen storage can operate at room temperature, with storage pressures up to 10 MPa and volumetric hydrogen storage densities as high as 100 kg / m³. It offers advantages such as low pressure, high safety, high volumetric hydrogen storage density, and recyclability, addressing the efficiency and safety concerns that affect the promotion and application of hydrogen energy. However, solid-state hydrogen storage materials exhibit significant thermal effects during hydrogen absorption and release. Absorption releases a large amount of heat, which, if not promptly dissipated, can lead to excessively high temperatures in the storage material, reducing the absorption rate and storage capacity. Conversely, hydrogen release requires heat absorption; insufficient heating can negatively impact release performance. Therefore, developing a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system and its control method is crucial for improving the performance of solid-state hydrogen storage systems.

[0006] Currently, most existing solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management systems employ two technical approaches. One approach uses air conditioning refrigeration combined with electric heating, which suffers from high energy consumption, low heat exchange efficiency, slow response speed, poor temperature control accuracy, and system complexity. The other approach uses carbon dioxide heat pump technology; however, existing carbon dioxide heat pump units cannot accelerate the extraction of heat or cold under extreme low-temperature conditions, leading to slow response speed, high energy consumption, and low efficiency in the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of slow operation response, high energy consumption and low efficiency of the existing solid hydrogen storage thermal management system, and to provide a solid hydrogen storage thermal management system and thermal management control method.

[0008] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical solution:

[0009] A solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system includes: a thermocline energy storage tank, a solid-state hydrogen storage tank, and a heat pump;

[0010] The inclined thermosphere energy storage tank is provided with a hot water zone containing a heat source of heat exchange medium and a cold water zone containing a cold source.

[0011] The solid hydrogen storage tank is connected to the thermocline energy storage tank and the heat pump through an external circulation pipeline to obtain a heat source or cold source for the heat exchange medium for the release and storage of hydrogen.

[0012] The heat pump, arranged along the direction from the hot water zone to the cold water zone of the inclined thermosphere energy storage tank, includes a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, and a third heat exchanger arranged in sequence, and also includes an internal circulation pipeline unit. The internal circulation pipeline unit is used for refrigerant circulation and includes a first internal circulation pipeline connecting the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger, and a second internal circulation pipeline connecting the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger. The heat pump is selectively activated when storing or releasing hydrogen in the solid hydrogen storage tank according to the temperature of the heat source or cold source of the heat exchange medium.

[0013] It also includes a switching valve unit, which is installed on the external circulation pipeline and is used to switch the flow path of the heat exchange medium according to the hydrogen storage state and the hydrogen release state.

[0014] In this solution, compared to a heat pump with a single-stage heat exchange circulation pipeline, the heat pump of this solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system forms a cascaded heat pump through two-stage internal circulation pipelines (i.e., the first internal circulation pipeline and the second internal circulation pipeline). This increases the temperature difference between the heat exchange medium at both ends of the heat pump (the end connected to the hot water zone and the other end connected to the cold water zone, respectively). During hydrogen storage, even under extremely low external conditions, the heat pump can still extract heat from the cold source of the heat exchange medium. After heat exchange, the heat exchange medium has more cooling capacity, accelerating hydrogen storage. Similarly, during hydrogen release, even under extremely high external conditions, the heat pump can still extract cooling capacity from the heat source of the heat exchange medium. After heat exchange, the heat exchange medium has more heat, accelerating hydrogen release. This solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system thus improves the response speed to external temperatures, eliminating the need for auxiliary cooling or heating equipment, thereby reducing energy consumption and increasing hydrogen storage or release efficiency. The solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system achieves heat exchange between the heat exchange medium and the refrigerant through external and internal circulation pipeline units. The flow path of the heat exchange medium under different operating conditions is realized through the aforementioned switching valve unit. It uses only one inclined temperature layer energy storage tank to store heat and cold at the same time, which simplifies the configuration of the energy storage tank, reduces construction costs, and enhances the system regulation capability of the energy storage tank for heat and cold, thereby helping to improve energy utilization efficiency.

[0015] Preferably, a first compressor is further connected between the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger; a second compressor is further connected between the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger.

[0016] During startup, the third heat exchanger absorbs heat from the cold source in the external circulation pipeline and heats the liquid refrigerant in the second internal circulation pipeline into a gaseous state.

[0017] The second compressor compresses the gaseous refrigerant to a medium-temperature, medium-pressure state;

[0018] The second heat exchanger transfers the heat of the medium-temperature, medium-pressure gaseous refrigerant to the first internal circulation pipeline, causing the liquid refrigerant therein to become a medium-temperature gaseous state.

[0019] The first compressor compresses the medium-temperature gaseous refrigerant into a high-temperature, high-pressure state;

[0020] The first heat exchanger releases the heat of the high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant to the heat source in the external circulation pipeline to increase the temperature of the heat source.

[0021] In this scheme, the heat pump of the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system realizes the process of heat transfer from the cold source to the heat source through the heat exchange of the aforementioned heat exchangers and the work of the two compressors, gradually increasing the temperature difference between the heat source and the cold source. Specifically, the two compressors gradually increase the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchangers.

[0022] Preferably, in the first internal circulation pipeline, a first gas-liquid separator is also connected between the first compressor and the second heat exchanger, and / or, along the flow path of the refrigerant, a first liquid receiver and a first electronic expansion valve are also provided at the refrigerant outlet end of the first heat exchanger.

[0023] In this design, a first gas-liquid separator prevents liquid refrigerant from entering the compressor, effectively protecting the compressor's lubrication system and scroll plate, ensuring normal lubrication circulation, and guaranteeing normal compressor operation. A first liquid receiver buffers and seals the refrigerant, enhancing the heat pump's ability to adapt to load fluctuations and preventing liquid refrigerant damage to the compressor. A first electronic expansion valve regulates the gaseous refrigerant absorbed during compressor operation, preventing overheating and reducing the probability of high-pressure, high-temperature refrigerant damage to the compressor, as well as the frequency of compressor overheating protection shutdowns. This ensures stable and reliable operation of the entire heat pump, thereby improving the performance of the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system.

[0024] Preferably, in the second internal circulation pipeline, a second gas-liquid separator is also connected between the second compressor and the third heat exchanger, and / or, along the refrigerant flow path, a second liquid receiver and a second electronic expansion valve are also provided at the refrigerant outlet end of the second heat exchanger.

[0025] In this design, a second gas-liquid separator prevents liquid refrigerant from entering the compressor, effectively protecting the compressor's lubrication system and scroll plate, ensuring normal lubrication circulation, and guaranteeing normal compressor operation. A second liquid receiver buffers and seals the refrigerant, enhancing the heat pump's ability to adapt to load fluctuations and preventing liquid refrigerant damage to the compressor. A second electronic expansion valve regulates the gaseous refrigerant absorbed during compressor operation, preventing overheating and reducing the probability of high-pressure, high-temperature refrigerant damage to the compressor, as well as the frequency of compressor overheating protection shutdowns. This ensures stable and reliable operation of the entire heat pump, thereby improving the performance of the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system.

[0026] Preferably, the switching valve unit includes:

[0027] A first three-way valve, a first solenoid valve, and a second three-way valve are sequentially arranged between the inlet and outlet of the hot water zone and the first heat exchanger; a third three-way valve and a first three-way valve are sequentially arranged between the first heat exchanger and the inlet end of the solid hydrogen storage tank; and a second solenoid valve is connected to the first three-way valve and the third three-way valve.

[0028] A fourth three-way valve, a third solenoid valve, and a fifth three-way valve are sequentially arranged between the inlet and outlet of the cold water zone and the third heat exchanger; a sixth three-way valve is arranged between the third heat exchanger and the first three-way valve; and a fourth solenoid valve is connected to the fourth three-way valve and the sixth three-way valve.

[0029] And a second three-way valve located at the outlet end of the solid hydrogen storage tank;

[0030] During hydrogen storage, the heat exchange medium flows out from the cold water zone and circulates to the hot water zone. The first and fourth solenoid valves are closed, and the second and third solenoid valves are opened. The inlet end of the first three-way valve is switched to connect with the cold water zone, and the outlet end of the second three-way valve is switched to connect with the hot water zone.

[0031] During hydrogen release, the heat exchange medium flows out from the hot water zone and circulates to the cold water zone. The second and third solenoid valves are closed, and the first and fourth solenoid valves are opened. The inlet of the first three-way valve is switched to connect with the hot water zone, and the outlet of the second three-way valve is switched to connect with the cold water zone.

[0032] In this scheme, the switching valve unit can switch the flow path of the heat exchange medium according to the hydrogen storage state and the hydrogen release state through the above-mentioned connecting switching elements, and circulate between the thermocline energy storage tank and the solid hydrogen storage tank through the external circulation pipeline, realizing flexible operation under different working conditions.

[0033] Preferably, the outlet end of the second three-way valve is connected to the second three-way valve or the fifth three-way valve located near the side of the thermocline energy storage tank;

[0034] During hydrogen storage, the heat exchange medium flowing out from the second three-way valve passes through the first heat exchanger and then flows into the pipeline connecting the third three-way valve and the first three-way valve.

[0035] During hydrogen release, the heat exchange medium flowing out from the fifth three-way valve passes through the third heat exchanger and then flows into the pipeline connecting the sixth three-way valve and the fourth three-way valve.

[0036] In this scheme, the above-mentioned configuration ensures that the heat exchange medium flowing out of the solid hydrogen storage tank outlet via the second three-way valve must pass through the heat pump (first and third heat exchangers) before returning to the hot water zone or the cold water zone. This facilitates the timely activation of the heat pump and adjustment of the temperature difference. During hydrogen storage, the low-temperature heat exchange medium can remove the heat absorbed by the first heat exchanger during heat pump operation, preventing the first heat exchanger from burning out; it also removes the heat released by the solid hydrogen storage tank during hydrogen storage, thus raising the temperature of the heat exchange medium and storing it in the hot water zone of the thermocline energy storage tank. When the solid hydrogen storage tank releases hydrogen, the thermocline energy storage tank supplies the stored high-temperature heat exchange medium to the solid hydrogen storage tank for the solid hydrogen storage material to absorb heat during hydrogen release, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0037] Preferably, the external circulation pipeline further includes a first water pump and a second water pump. The first water pump is installed on the inlet pipeline connecting the hot water zone and the first three-way valve, and the second water pump is installed on the inlet pipeline connecting the cold water zone and the first three-way valve.

[0038] In this scheme, the first and second water pumps drive the flow of low-temperature and high-temperature heat exchange media respectively to provide power.

[0039] A thermal management control method for solid-state hydrogen storage, the thermal management control method being used in the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system as described above, the thermal management control method comprising the following steps:

[0040] When storing hydrogen,

[0041] The heat exchange medium in the cold water zone is driven to flow along the external circulation pipeline to the hot water zone.

[0042] The temperature of the heat exchange medium cold source is detected, and it is determined whether the cooling capacity of the cold source is greater than the cooling capacity required for hydrogen storage.

[0043] If yes, turn off the heat pump; if no, turn on the heat pump.

[0044] When hydrogen is released,

[0045] The heat exchange medium in the hot water zone is driven to flow along the external circulation pipeline to the cold water zone.

[0046] The temperature of the heat source in the heat exchange medium is detected, and it is determined whether the heat from the heat source is greater than the heat required to release hydrogen.

[0047] If yes, turn off the heat pump; if no, turn on the heat pump.

[0048] In this scheme, the thermal management control method, through the aforementioned steps, can drive the heat exchange medium to circulate between the hot water zone and the cold water zone via an external circulation pipeline, according to the operating condition, to achieve hydrogen storage or release. During hydrogen storage, the decision to activate the heat pump is based on the relationship between the cooling capacity of the cold source and the cooling capacity required for hydrogen storage; during hydrogen release, the decision is based on the relationship between the heat source and the heat required for hydrogen release, thus adapting to the needs of different operating conditions. By using the aforementioned cascade heat pump, the temperature difference between the heat exchange medium at both ends of the heat pump (the end connected to the hot water zone and the other end connected to the cold water zone, respectively) can be increased, thereby improving the response speed to external temperatures, reducing energy consumption, and increasing the efficiency of hydrogen storage or release.

[0049] Preferably, the switching valve unit includes:

[0050] A first three-way valve, a first solenoid valve, and a second three-way valve are sequentially arranged between the inlet and outlet of the hot water zone and the first heat exchanger; a third three-way valve and a first three-way valve are sequentially arranged between the first heat exchanger and the inlet end of the solid hydrogen storage tank; and a second solenoid valve is connected to the first three-way valve and the third three-way valve.

[0051] A fourth three-way valve, a third solenoid valve, and a fifth three-way valve are sequentially arranged between the inlet and outlet of the cold water zone and the third heat exchanger; a sixth three-way valve is arranged between the third heat exchanger and the first three-way valve; and a fourth solenoid valve is connected to the fourth three-way valve and the sixth three-way valve.

[0052] And a second three-way valve located at the outlet end of the solid hydrogen storage tank;

[0053] The thermal management control method further includes:

[0054] When storing hydrogen, close the first and fourth solenoid valves, open the second and third solenoid valves, switch the inlet end of the first three-way valve to connect with the cold water zone, and switch the outlet end of the second three-way valve to connect with the hot water zone.

[0055] When releasing hydrogen, close the second and third solenoid valves, open the first and fourth solenoid valves, switch the inlet end of the first three-way valve to connect with the hot water zone, and switch the outlet end of the second three-way valve to connect with the cold water zone.

[0056] In this scheme, the thermal management control method can switch the flow path of the heat exchange medium according to the hydrogen storage state and the hydrogen release state through the above switching steps, and circulate between the thermocline energy storage tank and the solid hydrogen storage tank via the external circulation pipeline.

[0057] Preferably, the outlet end of the second three-way valve is connected to the second three-way valve or the fifth three-way valve located near the side of the thermocline energy storage tank;

[0058] The thermal management control method further includes:

[0059] During hydrogen storage, the heat exchange medium flowing out from the second three-way valve is driven to flow into the pipeline connecting the third three-way valve and the first three-way valve after passing through the first heat exchanger;

[0060] During hydrogen release, the heat exchange medium flowing out from the fifth three-way valve is driven to flow into the pipeline connecting the sixth three-way valve and the fourth three-way valve after passing through the third heat exchanger.

[0061] In this scheme, the thermal management control method, through the aforementioned steps, ensures that the heat exchange medium flowing from the outlet of the solid hydrogen storage tank via the second three-way valve must pass through the heat pump (first and third heat exchangers) before returning to the hot water zone or the cold water zone. This facilitates the timely activation of the heat pump and the adjustment of the temperature difference. Furthermore, the heat exchange medium can remove the heat absorbed by the first heat exchanger during heat pump operation, preventing the first heat exchanger from burning out; or the heat exchange medium can promptly absorb the cooling capacity of the third heat exchanger; thereby improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0062] Preferably, the thermal management control method further includes detecting the real-time temperature of the solid hydrogen storage material inside the solid hydrogen storage tank;

[0063] When storing hydrogen and turning off the heat pump, determine whether the real-time temperature is lower than the first set temperature. If so, keep the heat pump off.

[0064] When storing hydrogen and starting the heat pump, it is determined that the real-time temperature is lower than the first set temperature; if so, the heat pump is turned off; otherwise, the heat pump is kept running.

[0065] When releasing hydrogen and turning off the heat pump, determine whether the real-time temperature is between the second set temperature and the third set temperature. If so, keep the heat pump off.

[0066] When hydrogen is released and the heat pump is started, it is determined whether the real-time temperature is between the second set temperature and the third set temperature. If so, the heat pump is turned off; if the real-time temperature is lower than the second set temperature, the heat pump is kept running.

[0067] Wherein, the first set temperature is the temperature at which the hydrogen storage material is fully storing hydrogen; the second set temperature is the upper limit of the temperature at which the heat pump is started when the hydrogen storage material releases hydrogen; and the third set temperature is the temperature at which the hydrogen storage material is fully releasing hydrogen.

[0068] In this solution, by detecting the real-time temperature of the solid hydrogen storage material and based on the above judgment conditions, it is possible to determine whether the solid hydrogen storage material can effectively release heat during hydrogen storage or effectively absorb heat during hydrogen release. This allows for more accurate control of the heat pump's start-up or shutdown, rather than continuously running the heat pump, thereby reducing the overall energy consumption of the system.

[0069] Preferably, the thermal management control method further includes detecting the real-time pressure of hydrogen in the solid hydrogen storage tank and controlling the flow of heat exchange medium in the external circulation pipeline based on the real-time pressure.

[0070] In this scheme, the real-time pressure of hydrogen in the solid hydrogen storage tank is detected to confirm whether hydrogen storage or release has been completed, thereby controlling the flow of the heat exchange medium; this avoids wasting energy by continuing to flow the heat exchange medium after hydrogen storage or release has been completed.

[0071] The positive and progressive effects of this invention are as follows: the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system and thermal management control method improve the temperature difference of the heat exchange medium at both ends of the heat pump (the end connected to the hot water zone and the other end connected to the cold water zone, respectively) through the cascaded heat pump, thereby improving the response speed to external temperature, reducing energy consumption, and improving hydrogen storage or release efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0072] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the interconnection structure of the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0073] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the solid hydrogen storage thermal management system when the operating condition is in hydrogen storage mode and the heat pump is turned off in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. The green arrows in the diagram represent the flow path of water.

[0074] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system when the operating condition is in hydrogen storage mode and the heat pump is turned on in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In the figure, the green arrows represent the flow path of water and the pink arrows represent the flow path of carbon dioxide.

[0075] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the solid hydrogen storage thermal management system when the operating condition is in hydrogen release mode and the heat pump is turned off in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. The red arrows in the diagram represent the flow path of water.

[0076] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the solid hydrogen storage thermal management system when the operating condition is in hydrogen release mode and the heat pump is turned on in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In the figure, the red arrows represent the flow path of water and the pink arrows represent the flow path of carbon dioxide.

[0077] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0078] Inclined temperature layer energy storage tank 100, hot water zone 110, upper water distributor 3, cold water zone 120, lower water distributor 1, inclined temperature layer 130;

[0079] Heat pump 200, internal circulation piping unit 201, first internal circulation piping 210, second internal circulation piping 220, first heat exchanger 9, first inlet 901 of the first heat exchanger, first outlet 902 of the first heat exchanger, second inlet 903 of the first heat exchanger, second outlet 904 of the first heat exchanger, second heat exchanger 15, first inlet 1501 of the second heat exchanger, first outlet 1502 of the second heat exchanger, second inlet 1503 of the second heat exchanger, second outlet 1504 of the second heat exchanger, third heat exchanger 19, first inlet 1901 of the third heat exchanger, first outlet 1902 of the third heat exchanger, second inlet 1903 of the third heat exchanger, second outlet 1904 of the third heat exchanger, first compressor 11, first gas-liquid separator 14, first liquid receiver 12, first electronic expansion valve 13, second compressor 17, second gas-liquid separator 18, second liquid receiver 16, second electronic expansion valve 20;

[0080] External circulation pipe 300, first tee 4, first branch of first tee 401, second branch of first tee 402, third branch of first tee 403, first solenoid valve 5, first water pump 6, second solenoid valve 7, second tee 8, first branch of second tee 801, second branch of second tee 802, third branch of second tee 803, third tee 10, first branch of third tee 1001, second branch of third tee 1002, third branch of third tee 1003, the... 25. Four-way three-way 25, first branch of the fourth three-way 2501, second branch of the fourth three-way 2502, third branch of the fourth three-way 2503, third solenoid valve 26, second water pump 27, fifth three-way 28, first branch of the fifth three-way 2801, second branch of the fifth three-way 2802, third branch of the fifth three-way 2803, sixth three-way 29, first branch of the sixth three-way 2901, second branch of the sixth three-way 2902, third branch of the sixth three-way 2903, fourth solenoid valve 30;

[0081] Solid hydrogen storage tank 22, hydrogen storage heat exchanger 23, first three-way valve 21, first inlet 2101 of the first three-way valve, second inlet 2102 of the first three-way valve, outlet 2103 of the first three-way valve, second three-way valve 24, inlet 2401 of the second three-way valve, first outlet 2402 of the second three-way valve, second outlet 2403 of the second three-way valve. Detailed Implementation

[0082] The present invention will be further illustrated by way of embodiments below, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments described herein.

[0083] Example 1

[0084] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system, which includes a thermocline energy storage tank 100, a solid-state hydrogen storage tank 22, and a heat pump 200.

[0085] The inclined thermosphere energy storage tank 100, also known as an inclined thermosphere water tank, uses water as the heat exchange medium. The inclined thermosphere water tank has a hot water zone 110 containing high-temperature water (heat source) and a cold water zone containing low-temperature water (cold source). An inclined thermosphere 130 separates the hot water zone 110 and the cold water zone. The inclined thermosphere water tank utilizes the sensible heat of water to store energy, achieving separation of hot and cold water through natural gravity stratification. The presence of the inclined thermosphere 130 prevents direct contact between the hot and cold water media. An upper water distributor 3 is located at the top of the hot water zone 110 to smoothly introduce and drain water into and out of the tank; a lower water distributor 1 is located at the bottom of the cold water zone to smoothly introduce and drain water into and out of the tank. In other embodiments, the structure of the inclined thermosphere energy storage tank 100 can be adjusted as needed, but it must always include a hot water zone 110 and a cold water zone 120. The heat exchange medium can also be other substances capable of heat exchange.

[0086] The solid-state hydrogen storage tank 22 is used for storing and releasing hydrogen. An exothermic reaction occurs during hydrogen storage, while an endothermic reaction occurs during hydrogen release. The solid-state hydrogen storage tank 22 is equipped with a hydrogen storage heat exchanger 23 and filled with solid hydrogen storage material, which is composed of materials such as TiMn2 (titanium-manganese alloy). The solid-state hydrogen storage tank 22 is connected to the thermocline energy storage tank 100 and the heat pump 200 via an external circulation pipeline 300 to obtain hot or cold water for hydrogen release and storage.

[0087] The heat pump 200 is used to assist the solid hydrogen storage tank 22 in storing and releasing hydrogen through cooling and heating. In order to facilitate the connection of the pipeline, the heat pump 200 is provided with a first heat exchanger 9, a second heat exchanger 15 and a third heat exchanger 19 in sequence along the direction from the hot water zone 110 to the cold water zone 120 of the inclined thermosphere energy storage tank 100, that is, in the direction of vertically downward along the height. The heat pump 200 also includes an internal circulation pipeline unit 201. The first heat exchanger 9 and the second heat exchanger 15 are specifically air coolers, and the third heat exchanger 19 is specifically an evaporator. Each of the first heat exchanger 9, the second heat exchanger 15 and the third heat exchanger 19 has two channels. One of the channels of the first heat exchanger 9 and the third heat exchanger 19 (i.e. the channel connecting the first inlet 901 and the first outlet 902 of the first heat exchanger 9 and the channel connecting the second inlet 1903 and the second outlet 1904 of the third heat exchanger 19) is connected to the solid hydrogen storage tank 22 and the thermocline energy storage tank 100 to form an external circulation pipeline 300. Water flows through the external circulation pipeline 300 and flows around the heat pump 200. Another channel between the first heat exchanger 9 and the third heat exchanger 19 (i.e., the channel connecting the second inlet 903 and the second outlet 904 of the first heat exchanger 9 and the first inlet 1901 and the first outlet 1902 of the third heat exchanger 19) is connected to the second heat exchanger 15 to form an internal circulation pipeline unit 201. The internal circulation pipeline unit 201 is used for refrigerant circulation. The internal circulation pipeline unit 201 is further divided into two stages of internal circulation pipelines: a first internal circulation pipeline 210 connecting the second inlet 903 and the second outlet 904 of the first heat exchanger 9 and the first inlet 1501 and the first outlet 1502 of the second heat exchanger 15, and a second internal circulation pipeline 220 connecting the second inlet 1503 and the second outlet 1504 of the second heat exchanger 15 and the first inlet 1901 and the first outlet 1902 of the third heat exchanger 19. Both the first internal circulation pipeline 210 and the second internal circulation pipeline 220 are used for refrigerant circulation. The heat pump 200 selectively starts during hydrogen storage or release in the solid hydrogen storage tank 22 based on the temperature of the heat source or cold source of the heat exchange medium. In this embodiment, the refrigerant is specifically carbon dioxide refrigerant, which is a relatively easy-to-obtain refrigerant; of course, other types of refrigerants can be used in other embodiments depending on the requirements of the heat exchange effect.

[0088] The solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system also includes a switching valve unit, which is installed on the external circulation pipeline 300 and is used to switch the flow path of water according to the hydrogen storage state and the hydrogen release state.

[0089] Compared to a single-stage heat exchange circulation pipeline, the heat pump 200 in this solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system forms a cascaded heat pump 200 through two-stage internal circulation pipelines (i.e., the first internal circulation pipeline and the second internal circulation pipeline). This increases the water temperature difference between the two ends of the heat pump 200's inlet and outlet water (the end connected to the hot water zone 110 and the other end connected to the cold water zone 120, respectively). During hydrogen storage, even under extremely low external conditions, the heat pump 200 can still extract heat from the cold water source. After heat exchange, the low-temperature water has more cooling capacity, accelerating hydrogen storage. Similarly, during hydrogen release, even under extremely high external conditions, the heat pump 200 can still extract cooling capacity from the hot water source. After heat exchange, the high-temperature water has more heat, accelerating hydrogen release. This solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system thus improves the response speed to external temperatures, eliminating the need for auxiliary cooling or heating equipment, thereby reducing energy consumption and increasing hydrogen storage or release efficiency. The solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system achieves heat exchange between water and carbon dioxide refrigerant through the external circulation pipeline 300 and the internal circulation pipeline unit 201. The flow path of water under different operating conditions is realized through the aforementioned switching valve unit. Only one inclined temperature layer energy storage tank 100 is used to store heat and cold at the same time, which simplifies the configuration of the energy storage tank, reduces construction costs, and enhances the system regulation capability of the energy storage tank for heat and cold, thereby helping to improve energy utilization efficiency.

[0090] The first heat exchanger 9 and the second heat exchanger 15 are connected to a first compressor 11; the second heat exchanger 15 and the third heat exchanger 19 are connected to a second compressor 17.

[0091] During startup, the third heat exchanger 19 absorbs heat from the cold source in the external circulation pipe 300, heating the liquid carbon dioxide refrigerant in the second internal circulation pipe into a gaseous state; the second compressor 17 compresses the gaseous carbon dioxide refrigerant to a medium-temperature, medium-pressure state; the second heat exchanger 15 transfers the heat of the medium-temperature, medium-pressure gaseous carbon dioxide refrigerant to the first internal circulation pipe 210, causing the liquid carbon dioxide refrigerant therein to become a medium-temperature gaseous state; the first compressor 11 compresses the medium-temperature gaseous carbon dioxide refrigerant to a high-temperature, high-pressure state; and the first heat exchanger 9 releases the heat of the high-temperature, high-pressure carbon dioxide refrigerant to the heat source in the external circulation pipe 300 to increase the temperature of the heat source.

[0092] The heat pump 200 of this solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system achieves the process of heat transfer from the cold source to the heat source through the heat exchange of the aforementioned heat exchangers and the work of the two compressors, gradually increasing the temperature difference between the heat source and the cold source. Specifically, the two compressors gradually increase the pressure and temperature of the carbon dioxide refrigerant, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchangers.

[0093] Within the first internal circulation pipeline 210, a first gas-liquid separator 14 is connected between the first compressor 11 and the second heat exchanger 15. Along the flow path of the carbon dioxide refrigerant, a first liquid receiver 12 and a first electronic expansion valve 13 are also provided at the carbon dioxide refrigerant outlet of the first heat exchanger 9. The first gas-liquid separator 14 prevents liquid carbon dioxide refrigerant from entering the compressor, effectively protecting the compressor lubrication system and the compressor's scroll plate, ensuring normal compressor lubrication circulation and normal compressor operation. The first liquid receiver 12 buffers and liquid-seales the carbon dioxide refrigerant, improving the heat pump 200's ability to adapt to load fluctuations and preventing damage to the compressor from liquid carbon dioxide refrigerant. The first electronic expansion valve 13 regulates the gaseous carbon dioxide refrigerant absorbed during compressor operation, preventing excessively high temperatures and reducing the probability of damage to the compressor from high-pressure, high-temperature carbon dioxide refrigerant, as well as the number of compressor shutdowns due to overheating protection. This ensures stable and reliable operation of the entire heat pump 200, thereby improving the performance of the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system.

[0094] Similarly, in the second internal circulation pipeline 220, a second gas-liquid separator 18 is connected between the second compressor 17 and the third heat exchanger 19. Along the flow path of the carbon dioxide refrigerant, a second liquid receiver 16 and a second electronic expansion valve 20 are also provided at the carbon dioxide refrigerant outlet of the second heat exchanger 15. The second gas-liquid separator 18 prevents liquid carbon dioxide refrigerant from entering the compressor, effectively protecting the compressor lubrication system and the compressor's scroll plate, ensuring normal compressor lubrication circulation and normal compressor operation. The second liquid receiver 16 buffers and liquid-seales the carbon dioxide refrigerant, improving the heat pump 200's ability to adapt to load fluctuations and preventing damage to the compressor from liquid carbon dioxide refrigerant. The second electronic expansion valve 20 regulates the gaseous carbon dioxide refrigerant absorbed during compressor operation, preventing excessive temperature and reducing the probability of damage to the compressor from high-pressure, high-temperature carbon dioxide refrigerant, as well as reducing the number of compressor shutdowns due to overheating protection. This ensures stable and reliable operation of the entire heat pump 200, thereby improving the performance of the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system.

[0095] In other embodiments, the number and type of the various gas-liquid separators, reservoirs, and electronic expansion valves can be adjusted as needed.

[0096] like Figure 1As shown, the switching valve unit in this embodiment specifically includes: a first three-way valve 4, a first solenoid valve 5, and a second three-way valve 8 sequentially disposed between the inlet / outlet of the hot water zone 110 and the first heat exchanger 9; a third three-way valve 10 and a first three-way valve 21 sequentially disposed between the first heat exchanger 9 and the inlet of the solid hydrogen storage tank 22; a second solenoid valve 7 connected to the first three-way valve 4 and the third three-way valve 10; a fourth three-way valve 25, a third solenoid valve 26, and a fifth three-way valve 28 sequentially disposed between the inlet / outlet of the cold water zone 120 and the third heat exchanger 19; a sixth three-way valve 29 disposed between the third heat exchanger 19 and the first three-way valve 21; a fourth solenoid valve 30 connected to the fourth three-way valve 25 and the sixth three-way valve 29; and a second three-way valve 24 disposed at the outlet of the solid hydrogen storage tank 22.

[0097] During hydrogen storage, the low-temperature heat exchange medium (i.e., cold water) flows out from the cold water zone 120 and circulates to the hot water zone 110. The first solenoid valve 5 and the fourth solenoid valve 30 are closed, and the second solenoid valve 7 and the third solenoid valve 26 are opened. The inlet end of the first three-way valve 21 is switched to connect with the cold water zone, and the outlet end of the second three-way valve 24 is switched to connect with the hot water zone.

[0098] When hydrogen is released, the high-temperature heat exchange medium (i.e., hot water) flows out from the hot water zone and circulates to the cold water zone 120. The second solenoid valve 7 and the third solenoid valve 26 are closed, and the first solenoid valve 5 and the fourth solenoid valve 30 are opened. The inlet end of the first three-way valve 21 is switched to connect with the hot water zone, and the outlet end of the second three-way valve 24 is switched to connect with the cold water zone 120.

[0099] The switching valve unit, through the aforementioned interconnecting switching elements, can switch the water flow path according to the hydrogen storage and hydrogen release states, and circulate the water between the thermocline energy storage tank 100 and the solid hydrogen storage tank 22 via the external circulation pipeline 300, thus achieving flexible operation under different working conditions.

[0100] Furthermore, the outlet end of the second three-way valve 24 is connected to the third branch 803 of the second three-way valve 8 or the third branch 2803 of the fifth three-way valve 28 provided on one side of the near-climate energy storage tank 100.

[0101] During hydrogen storage, water flowing out from the second branch 802 of the second three-way 8 passes through the first heat exchanger 9 and then flows into the pipeline connecting the third three-way 10 and the first three-way 4. Specifically, after cold water flows out of the cold water zone 120, it passes sequentially through the first branch 2501 and the second branch 2502 of the fourth three-way valve 25, the third solenoid valve 26, the second water pump 27, the first branch 2801 and the second branch 2802 of the fifth three-way valve 28, the second inlet 1903 and the second outlet 1904 of the third heat exchanger 19, the first branch 2901 and the second branch 2902 of the sixth three-way valve, the second inlet 2102 and the outlet 2103 of the first three-way valve 21, the solid hydrogen storage tank 22, the inlet 2401 and the first outlet 2402 of the second three-way valve 24, the third branch 803 and the second branch 802 of the second three-way valve 8, the first inlet 901 and the first outlet 902 of the first heat exchanger 9, the first branch 1001 and the third branch 1003 of the third three-way valve 10, the second solenoid valve 7, the third branch 403 and the first branch 401 of the first three-way valve 4, and finally flows back to the hot water zone 110.

[0102] When hydrogen is released, the water flowing out from the fifth three-way valve 28 passes through the third heat exchanger 19 and flows into the pipeline connecting the sixth three-way valve 29 and the fourth three-way valve 25. Specifically, after the hot water flows out of the hot water zone 110, it passes sequentially through the first branch 401 and the second branch 402 of the first three-way valve 4, the first solenoid valve 5, the first water pump 6, the first branch 801 and the second branch 802 of the second three-way valve 8, the first inlet 901 and the first outlet 902 of the first heat exchanger 9, the first branch 1001 and the second branch 1002 of the third three-way valve 10, the first inlet 2101 and the outlet 2103 of the first three-way valve 21, the solid hydrogen storage tank 22, the inlet 2401 and the second outlet 2403 of the second three-way valve 24, the third branch 2803 and the second branch 2802 of the fifth three-way valve 28, the second inlet 1903 and the second outlet 1904 of the third heat exchanger 19, the first branch 2901 and the third branch 2903 of the sixth three-way valve, the fourth solenoid valve 30, the third branch 2503 and the first branch 2501 of the fourth three-way valve 25, and finally flows back to the cold water zone 120.

[0103] In other embodiments, there are various switching connection methods for the switching valve unit. However, when it is not necessary to turn on the heat pump or remove the heat from the heat pump, the outlet end of the second three-way valve 24 can also be directly connected to the hot water zone 110 or the cold water zone 120. However, this embodiment adopts such a connection setting to ensure that the water flowing out of the outlet end of the solid hydrogen storage tank 22 through the second three-way valve 24 must pass through the heat pump 200 (first heat exchanger 9 and third heat exchanger 19) before flowing back to the hot water zone 110 or the cold water zone 120. This facilitates the activation of the heat pump 200 at any time to adjust the temperature difference. During hydrogen storage, the low-temperature water flowing out of the cold water zone 120 of the thermocline energy storage tank 100 removes the heat absorbed by the first heat exchanger 9 when the heat pump 200 is working, preventing the first heat exchanger 9 from burning out; it also removes the heat released by the solid hydrogen storage tank 22 during hydrogen storage, thus raising the water temperature and storing it in the hot water zone 110 of the thermocline energy storage tank 100. When the solid hydrogen storage tank 22 releases hydrogen, the thermocline energy storage tank 100 supplies the stored hot water to the solid hydrogen storage tank 22, which is used by the solid hydrogen storage material to release hydrogen and absorb heat, thereby improving energy utilization.

[0104] It should be noted that in other embodiments, the switching valve unit may also use other different components and different connection structures, and switch the water flow path according to the hydrogen storage state and the hydrogen release state, and is not limited to the switching form composed of the above-mentioned components.

[0105] As described above, the external circulation pipeline 300 also includes a first water pump 6 and a second water pump 27. The first water pump 6 is installed on the inlet pipeline connecting the hot water zone 110 and the first three-way valve 21. In this embodiment, the first water pump 6 is specifically installed between the first solenoid valve 5 and the second three-way valve 8. The second water pump 27 is installed on the inlet pipeline connecting the cold water zone and the first three-way valve 21. In this embodiment, the second water pump 27 is specifically installed between the third solenoid valve 26 and the fifth three-way valve 28. The first water pump 6 and the second water pump 27 drive the flow of low-temperature water and high-temperature water respectively to provide power. The positions of the first water pump 6 and the second water pump 27 on the external circulation pipeline 300 can be adjusted as needed and are not limited to the positions in this embodiment.

[0106] In this embodiment, the solid hydrogen storage tank 22 is also equipped with a temperature sensor (not shown in the figure) and a pressure sensor (not shown in the figure) to collect the temperature and pressure of the solid hydrogen storage tank 22 during operation. Combined with the hydrogen storage and release rate curve of the solid hydrogen storage material, the working process of hydrogen storage and release of the solid hydrogen storage material can be better controlled.

[0107] Example 2

[0108] This embodiment provides a thermal management control method for solid-state hydrogen storage, which is used in the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system as described in Embodiment 1. The thermal management control method includes the following steps:

[0109] When storing hydrogen,

[0110] The cold water in the cold water zone flows from the external circulation pipe 300 to the hot water zone 110.

[0111] The temperature of the cold water source is detected to determine whether the cooling capacity of the cold source exceeds the cooling capacity required for hydrogen storage.

[0112] If yes, turn off heat pump 200; if no, turn on heat pump 200.

[0113] When hydrogen is released,

[0114] The high-temperature water in the hot water zone 110 flows to the cold water zone 120 along the external circulation pipe.

[0115] The temperature of the hot water source is detected to determine if the heat from the source exceeds the heat required to release hydrogen.

[0116] If yes, turn off heat pump 200; if no, turn on heat pump 200.

[0117] This thermal management control method, through the aforementioned steps, drives water to circulate between the hot water zone 110 and the cold water zone via an external circulation pipeline, depending on the operating condition, to achieve hydrogen storage or release. During hydrogen storage, the activation of the heat pump 200 is determined based on the relationship between the cooling capacity of the cold source and the cooling capacity required for hydrogen storage; during hydrogen release, the activation of the heat pump 200 is determined based on the relationship between the heat source and the heat required for hydrogen release, thus adapting to the needs of different operating conditions. By using the aforementioned cascade heat pump 200, the water temperature difference between the two ends of the heat pump 200 (one end connected to the hot water zone 110 and the other end connected to the cold water zone, respectively) can be increased, thereby improving the response speed to external temperatures, reducing energy consumption, and improving the efficiency of hydrogen storage or release.

[0118] The thermal management control methods also include:

[0119] When storing hydrogen, close the first solenoid valve 5 and the fourth solenoid valve 30, open the second solenoid valve 7 and the third solenoid valve 26, switch the inlet end of the first three-way valve 21 to connect with the cold water zone 120, and switch the outlet end of the second three-way valve 24 to connect with the hot water zone.

[0120] When releasing hydrogen, close the second solenoid valve 7 and the third solenoid valve 26, open the first solenoid valve 5 and the fourth solenoid valve 30, switch the inlet end of the first three-way valve 21 to connect with the hot water zone 110, and switch the outlet end of the second three-way valve 24 to connect with the cold water zone 120.

[0121] This thermal management control method, through the aforementioned switching steps, can switch the flow path of water according to the hydrogen storage state and the hydrogen release state, and circulate the water between the thermocline energy storage tank 100 and the solid hydrogen storage tank 22 via the external circulation pipeline.

[0122] Furthermore, the thermal management control method also includes:

[0123] During hydrogen storage, water flowing out from the second three-way valve 8 passes through the first heat exchanger 9 and then flows into the pipeline connecting the third three-way valve 10 and the first three-way valve 4.

[0124] When hydrogen is released, the water flowing out from the fifth tee 28 is driven to pass through the third heat exchanger 19 and then flow into the pipeline connecting the sixth tee 29 and the fourth tee 25.

[0125] This thermal management control method, through the aforementioned steps, ensures that the water flowing from the outlet of the solid hydrogen storage tank 22 via the second three-way valve 24 must pass through the heat pump 200 (first heat exchanger 9 and third heat exchanger 19) before returning to the hot water zone 110 or the cold water zone 120. This facilitates the timely activation of the heat pump 200 and the adjustment of the temperature difference. During hydrogen storage, the low-temperature water can remove the heat absorbed by the first heat exchanger 9 during the operation of the heat pump 200, preventing the first heat exchanger 9 from burning out; it also removes the heat released by the solid hydrogen storage tank 22 during hydrogen storage, thus raising the water temperature and storing it in the hot water zone 110 of the thermocline energy storage tank 100. When the solid hydrogen storage tank 22 releases hydrogen, the thermocline energy storage tank 100 supplies the stored high-temperature water to the solid hydrogen storage tank 22 for the solid hydrogen storage material to absorb heat during hydrogen release, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0126] Furthermore, the thermal management control method also includes detecting the real-time temperature of the solid hydrogen storage material inside the solid hydrogen storage tank 22;

[0127] When storing hydrogen and turning off heat pump 200, determine whether the real-time temperature is lower than the first set temperature (30°C in this embodiment). If so, keep heat pump 200 off.

[0128] When storing hydrogen and starting the heat pump 200, it is determined that the real-time temperature is lower than the first set temperature (30°C in this embodiment); if so, the heat pump 200 is turned off; otherwise, the heat pump 200 is kept running.

[0129] When releasing hydrogen and turning off heat pump 200, determine whether the real-time temperature is between the second set temperature (30°C in this embodiment) and the third set temperature (70°C in this embodiment). If so, keep heat pump 200 off.

[0130] When hydrogen is released and heat pump 200 is started, it is determined whether the real-time temperature is between the second set temperature (30°C in this embodiment) and the third set temperature (70°C in this embodiment). If so, heat pump 200 is turned off; if the real-time temperature is lower than the second set temperature, heat pump 200 is kept running.

[0131] The first set temperature is the temperature at which the hydrogen storage material is fully stored. For example, if the first set temperature is 30°C, since the hydrogen storage material gradually releases heat from a high temperature state during hydrogen storage, if the real-time temperature of the solid hydrogen storage material is higher than 30°C, it means that the hydrogen storage material has not yet fully stored hydrogen. When the temperature is equal to or lower than 30°C, it means that the hydrogen has been fully stored, and there is no need for the heat pump 200 to accelerate hydrogen storage.

[0132] The second set temperature is the upper limit of the temperature at which the heat pump 200 is activated when the hydrogen storage material releases hydrogen, for example, the second set temperature is 30℃; the third set temperature is the temperature at which the hydrogen storage material fully releases hydrogen, for example, the third set temperature is 70℃. Since the hydrogen storage material gradually absorbs heat from a low temperature state during hydrogen release, if the real-time temperature of the solid hydrogen storage material is below 30℃, it means that the temperature of the hydrogen storage material is too low and cannot absorb heat from the water in time or the heat absorption is too slow. In this case, the heat pump 200 can be activated to accelerate hydrogen release. When the temperature is above 30℃ but below 70℃, it means that the hydrogen storage material can absorb heat from the water, and the heat pump 200 can be turned off (of course, if it is necessary to accelerate hydrogen release, the heat pump 200 can still be activated), but at this time, hydrogen storage is not yet sufficient. When the temperature is equal to or greater than 70℃, it means that hydrogen has been fully released, and the heat pump 200 remains off.

[0133] In the above method steps, by detecting the real-time temperature of the solid hydrogen storage material and based on the above judgment conditions, it is possible to determine whether the solid hydrogen storage material can effectively release heat during hydrogen storage or whether it can effectively absorb heat during hydrogen release; thereby more accurately controlling the start or stop of the heat pump 200, instead of continuously starting the heat pump 200, and reducing the overall energy consumption of the system.

[0134] The thermal management control method also includes detecting the real-time pressure of hydrogen in the solid hydrogen storage tank 22 and controlling the flow of water in the external circulation pipeline based on the real-time pressure. For example, during hydrogen storage operation, under the action of the thermal management system, the hydrogen absorption rate and pressure are set as follows: steady-state hydrogen absorption rate ≥ 1.4 kg H2 / min, transient hydrogen absorption rate ≥ 5.6 kg H2 / min, and hydrogen absorption pressure ≤ 4.6 MPa. That is, when the real-time pressure of hydrogen in the solid hydrogen storage tank 22 is detected to be no greater than 4.6 MPa, it indicates that hydrogen storage is not yet complete, and the cold water in the external circulation pipeline is kept in a state of flow to allow the hydrogen storage material to release heat and absorb hydrogen, and the hydrogen pressure continues to rise; when the real-time pressure of hydrogen in the solid hydrogen storage tank 22 is detected to be greater than 4.6 MPa, the flow of cold water in the external circulation pipeline is stopped, and hydrogen storage ends. Similarly, during hydrogen release, under the action of the thermal management system, the hydrogen release rate and pressure are set as follows: steady-state hydrogen release rate ≥ 1.1 kg H2 / min, transient hydrogen release rate ≥ 2.2 kg H2 / min, and hydrogen release pressure ≥ 0.2 MPa. That is, when the real-time pressure of hydrogen in the solid hydrogen storage tank 22 is detected to be greater than 0.2 MPa, it indicates that hydrogen release is not yet complete. The hot water in the external circulation pipeline 300 is kept in a flowing state to allow the hydrogen storage material to absorb heat and release hydrogen, and the hydrogen pressure continues to decrease. When the real-time pressure of hydrogen in the solid hydrogen storage tank 22 is detected to be equal to or less than 0.2 MPa, the flow of hot water in the external circulation pipeline is stopped, and hydrogen release ends.

[0135] In the above method steps, the real-time pressure of hydrogen in the solid hydrogen storage tank 22 is detected to confirm whether hydrogen storage or release has been completed in the solid hydrogen storage tank 22, thereby controlling the flow of water; avoiding the waste of energy by continuing to flow water after hydrogen storage or release has been completed.

[0136] The following describes the specific operational steps for applying the above thermal management control method, taking into account specific operating conditions:

[0137] When the operating condition is in hydrogen storage mode, and the cooling capacity stored in the cold water zone 120 exceeds the cooling capacity required for hydrogen storage in the solid hydrogen storage tank 22, such as Figure 2 As shown, the specific operating steps include:

[0138] S101: Open the second solenoid valve 7 and the third solenoid valve 26; close the first solenoid valve 5, the fourth solenoid valve 30, and the carbon dioxide heat pump 200.

[0139] S102: Switch the first three-way valve to the second inlet 2102 to outlet 2103 channel, and switch the second three-way valve to the inlet 2401 to the first outlet 2402 channel;

[0140] S103: Turn on the second water pump 27 and turn off the first water pump 6 to realize the cold water from the cold water zone 120 of the thermocline water tank to the hot water zone 110, forming a circulation loop. During this process, the heat released by the hydrogen stored in the solid hydrogen storage tank 22 is carried to the hot water zone 110 of the thermocline water tank.

[0141] S104: The temperature of the hydrogen storage material is detected by the temperature sensor built into the solid hydrogen storage tank 22. When the real-time measured temperature is much lower than the temperature threshold of 30°C (i.e. the first set temperature), the carbon dioxide heat pump 200 remains off.

[0142] S105: The pressure sensor built into the solid hydrogen storage tank 22 determines whether the hydrogen storage tank is full and controls the start and stop of the second water pump 27.

[0143] When the operating condition is in hydrogen storage mode, and the cooling capacity stored in the cold water zone 120 is less than the cooling capacity required for hydrogen storage in the solid hydrogen storage tank 22, or if it is desired to accelerate the hydrogen storage rate, such as Figure 3 As shown, the specific operating steps include:

[0144] S201: Open the second solenoid valve 7 and the third solenoid valve 26; close the first solenoid valve 5 and the fourth solenoid valve 30;

[0145] S202: Switch the first three-way valve to the second inlet 2102 to outlet 2103 channel, and switch the second three-way valve to the inlet 2401 to the first outlet 2402 channel;

[0146] S203: Turn on the second water pump 27 and turn off the first water pump 6 to realize the cold water from the cold water zone 120 of the thermocline water tank to the hot water zone 110, forming a circulation loop. During this process, the heat released by the hydrogen stored in the solid hydrogen storage tank 22 is carried to the hot water zone 110 of the thermocline water tank.

[0147] S204: The temperature of the hydrogen storage material is detected by the temperature sensor built into the solid hydrogen storage tank 22. When the real-time measured temperature is much lower than the temperature threshold of 30°C, the carbon dioxide heat pump 200 remains off. When the real-time measured temperature is close to or greater than the temperature threshold of 30°C, the carbon dioxide heat pump 200 is turned on to accelerate the hydrogen storage rate.

[0148] S205: The pressure sensor built into the solid hydrogen storage tank 22 determines whether the hydrogen storage tank is full and controls the start and stop of the second water pump 27.

[0149] When the operating condition is in hydrogen release mode, and the heat stored in the hot water zone 110 is greater than the heat required for the solid hydrogen storage tank 22 to release hydrogen, such as Figure 4 As shown, the specific operating steps include:

[0150] S301: Open the first solenoid valve 5 and the fourth solenoid valve 30, and close the second solenoid valve 7, the third solenoid valve 26, and the carbon dioxide heat pump 200.

[0151] S302: Switch the first three-way valve to the first inlet 2101 to outlet 2103 channel, and switch the second three-way valve to the inlet 2401 to outlet 2403 channel;

[0152] S303: Turn on the first water pump 6 and turn off the second water pump 27 to realize the hot water from the hot water zone 110 of the thermocline water tank to the cold water zone 120, forming a circulation loop. During this process, the cold energy released by the hydrogen from the solid hydrogen storage tank 22 is brought to the cold water zone 120 of the thermocline water tank.

[0153] S304: The temperature of the hydrogen storage material is detected by the temperature sensor built into the solid hydrogen storage tank 22. When the real-time measured temperature is much greater than the temperature threshold of 30°C but less than 70°C, the carbon dioxide heat pump 200 remains off.

[0154] S305: The pressure sensor built into the solid hydrogen storage tank 22 determines whether hydrogen has been released and controls the start and stop of the first water pump 6.

[0155] When the operating condition is in hydrogen release mode, and the heat stored in the hot water zone 110 is less than the heat required for hydrogen release from the solid hydrogen storage tank 22, or if it is desired to accelerate the hydrogen release rate, such as Figure 5 As shown, the specific operating steps include:

[0156] S401: Open the first solenoid valve 5 and the fourth solenoid valve 30, and close the second solenoid valve 7 and the third solenoid valve 26;

[0157] S402: Switch the first three-way valve to the first inlet 2101 to outlet 2103 channel, and switch the second three-way valve to the inlet 2401 to outlet 2403 channel;

[0158] S403: Turn on the first water pump 6 and turn off the second water pump 27 to realize the hot water from the hot water zone 110 of the thermocline water tank to the cold water zone 120, forming a circulation loop. During this process, the cold energy released by the hydrogen from the solid hydrogen storage tank 22 is carried to the cold water zone of the thermocline water tank.

[0159] S404: The temperature of the hydrogen storage material is detected by the temperature sensor built into the solid hydrogen storage tank 22. When the real-time measured temperature is much greater than the temperature threshold of 30°C but less than 70°C, the carbon dioxide heat pump 200 remains off. When the real-time measured temperature is close to or less than the temperature threshold of 30°C, the carbon dioxide heat pump 200 is turned on to accelerate the hydrogen release rate.

[0160] S405: The pressure sensor built into the solid hydrogen storage tank 22 determines whether hydrogen has been released and controls the start and stop of the first water pump 6.

[0161] In this embodiment, when applying the above-mentioned thermal management control method, the known conditions are: solid hydrogen storage mass ≥ 200 kg, enthalpy change ΔH of hydrogen storage material in the range of 25~32 kJ / mol H2, entropy change ΔS in the range of 100~140 J / K·mol H2, hydrogen absorption temperature T≤ 30℃, hydrogen absorption pressure ≤ 5 MPa, hydrogen release temperature 30℃<T≤70℃, and hydrogen release pressure ≥ 0.2 MPa.

[0162] Under hydrogen storage conditions, with the help of the thermal management system, the steady-state hydrogen absorption rate is ≥1.4 kg H2 / min, the transient hydrogen absorption rate is ≥5.6 kg H2 / min, and the hydrogen absorption pressure is ≤4.6 MPa.

[0163] During hydrogen release operation, under the action of the thermal management system, the steady-state hydrogen release rate is ≥1.1 kg H2 / min, the transient hydrogen release rate is ≥2.2 kg H2 / min, and the hydrogen release pressure is ≥0.2 MPa.

[0164] While specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, those skilled in the art should understand that these are merely illustrative examples, and the scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims. Those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to these embodiments without departing from the principles and essence of the present invention, but all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid state hydrogen storage thermal management system, characterized by, include: Thermospheric energy storage tanks, solid-state hydrogen storage tanks, and heat pumps; The inclined thermosphere energy storage tank is provided with a hot water zone containing a heat source of heat exchange medium and a cold water zone containing a cold source. The solid hydrogen storage tank is connected to the thermocline energy storage tank and the heat pump through an external circulation pipeline to obtain a heat source or cold source for the heat exchange medium for the release and storage of hydrogen. The heat pump, arranged along the direction from the hot water zone to the cold water zone of the inclined thermosphere energy storage tank, includes a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, and a third heat exchanger arranged sequentially; it also includes an internal circulation pipeline unit for refrigerant circulation, comprising a first internal circulation pipeline connecting the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger, and a second internal circulation pipeline connecting the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger; the heat pump selectively starts during hydrogen storage or release in the solid hydrogen storage tank according to the temperature of the heat source or cold source of the heat exchange medium. It also includes a switching valve unit, which is installed on the external circulation pipeline and is used to switch the flow path of the heat exchange medium according to the hydrogen storage state and the hydrogen release state.

2. The solid state hydrogen storage thermal management system of claim 1, wherein, A first compressor is also connected between the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger; a second compressor is also connected between the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger. During startup, the third heat exchanger absorbs heat from the cold source in the external circulation pipeline and heats the liquid refrigerant in the second internal circulation pipeline into a gaseous state. The second compressor compresses the gaseous refrigerant to a medium-temperature, medium-pressure state; The second heat exchanger transfers the heat of the medium-temperature, medium-pressure gaseous refrigerant to the first internal circulation pipeline, causing the liquid refrigerant therein to become a medium-temperature gaseous state. The first compressor compresses the medium-temperature gaseous refrigerant into a high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant; The first heat exchanger releases the heat of the high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant to the heat source in the external circulation pipeline to increase the temperature of the heat source.

3. The solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In the first internal circulation pipeline, a first gas-liquid separator is also connected between the first compressor and the second heat exchanger, and / or, along the flow path of the refrigerant, a first liquid receiver and a first electronic expansion valve are also provided at the refrigerant outlet end of the first heat exchanger.

4. The solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In the second internal circulation pipeline, a second gas-liquid separator is also connected between the second compressor and the third heat exchanger, and / or, along the refrigerant flow path, a second liquid receiver and a second electronic expansion valve are also provided at the refrigerant outlet end of the second heat exchanger.

5. The solid state hydrogen storage thermal management system of claim 1, wherein, The switching valve unit includes: A first three-way valve, a first solenoid valve, and a second three-way valve are sequentially arranged between the inlet and outlet of the hot water zone and the first heat exchanger; a third three-way valve and a first three-way valve are sequentially arranged between the first heat exchanger and the inlet end of the solid hydrogen storage tank; and a second solenoid valve is connected to the first three-way valve and the third three-way valve. a fourth three-way valve, a third solenoid valve and a fifth three-way valve arranged in sequence between the water inlet and outlet of the cold water zone and the third heat exchanger, a sixth three-way valve arranged between the third heat exchanger and the first three-way valve, and a fourth solenoid valve connected to the fourth three-way valve and the sixth three-way valve; a second three-way valve arranged at the outlet end of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank; when storing hydrogen, the heat exchange medium flows out of the cold water zone, circulates to flow into the hot water zone, the first solenoid valve and the fourth solenoid valve are closed, the second solenoid valve and the third solenoid valve are opened, the inlet end of the first three-way valve is switched to communicate with the cold water zone, and the outlet end of the second three-way valve is switched to communicate with the hot water zone; when releasing hydrogen, the heat exchange medium flows out of the hot water zone, circulates to flow into the cold water zone, the second solenoid valve and the third solenoid valve are closed, the first solenoid valve and the fourth solenoid valve are opened, the inlet end of the first three-way valve is switched to communicate with the hot water zone, and the outlet end of the second three-way valve is switched to communicate with the cold water zone.

6. The solid state hydrogen storage thermal management system of claim 5, wherein, The outlet end of the second three-way valve is connected to the second three-way valve or the fifth three-way valve arranged near one side of the thermocline energy storage tank; When storing hydrogen, the heat exchange medium flowing out of the second three-way valve passes through the first heat exchanger and then flows into the pipeline connecting the third three-way valve and the first three-way valve; When releasing hydrogen, the heat exchange medium flowing out of the fifth three-way valve passes through the third heat exchanger and then flows into the pipeline connecting the sixth three-way valve and the fourth three-way valve.

7. The solid state hydrogen storage thermal management system of claim 5, wherein, The outer circulation pipeline further comprises a first water pump and a second water pump, the first water pump is arranged on the water inlet pipeline connecting the hot water zone and the first three-way valve, and the second water pump is arranged on the water inlet pipeline connecting the cold water zone and the first three-way valve.

8. A method of thermal management control for solid state hydrogen storage, characterized by, The thermal management control method is used for the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system according to any one of claims 1-7, and the thermal management control method comprises the following steps: When storing hydrogen, driving the heat exchange medium of the cold water zone to flow along the outer circulation pipeline to the hot water zone, detecting the temperature of the cold source of the heat exchange medium and determining whether the cold capacity of the cold source is more than the required cold capacity for storing hydrogen, if yes, closing the heat pump; if no, starting the heat pump; When releasing hydrogen, driving the heat exchange medium of the hot water zone to flow along the outer circulation pipeline to the cold water zone, detecting the temperature of the heat source of the heat exchange medium and determining whether the heat capacity of the heat source is more than the required heat capacity for releasing hydrogen, if yes, closing the heat pump; if no, starting the heat pump.

9. The thermal management control method for solid-state hydrogen storage according to claim 8, wherein the switching valve unit comprises: a first three-way valve, a first solenoid valve and a second three-way valve arranged in sequence between the water inlet and outlet of the hot water zone and the first heat exchanger, a third three-way valve and a first three-way valve arranged in sequence between the first heat exchanger and the inlet end of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank, and a second solenoid valve connected to the first three-way valve and the third three-way valve. A fourth three-way valve, a third solenoid valve and a fifth three-way valve are sequentially arranged between the water inlet and outlet of the cold water zone and the third heat exchanger, a sixth three-way valve is arranged between the third heat exchanger and the first three-way valve, and the fourth three-way valve and the sixth three-way valve are connected by the fourth solenoid valve; A second three-way valve is arranged at the outlet end of the solid-state hydrogen storage tank; The thermal management control method further comprises: When hydrogen is stored, the first solenoid valve and the fourth solenoid valve are closed, the second solenoid valve and the third solenoid valve are opened, the inlet end of the first three-way valve is switched to be connected to the cold water zone, and the outlet end of the second three-way valve is switched to be connected to the hot water zone; When hydrogen is released, the second solenoid valve and the third solenoid valve are closed, the first solenoid valve and the fourth solenoid valve are opened, the inlet end of the first three-way valve is switched to be connected to the hot water zone, and the outlet end of the second three-way valve is switched to be connected to the cold water zone.

10. The solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management control method of claim 9, wherein, The outlet end of the second three-way valve is connected to the second three-way valve or the fifth three-way valve arranged near one side of the thermocline energy storage tank; The thermal management control method further comprises: When hydrogen is stored, the heat exchange medium flowing out of the second three-way valve is driven to flow into the pipeline connecting the third three-way valve and the first three-way valve after passing through the first heat exchanger; When hydrogen is released, the heat exchange medium flowing out of the fifth three-way valve is driven to flow into the pipeline connecting the sixth three-way valve and the fourth three-way valve after passing through the third heat exchanger.

11. The solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management control method of claim 8, wherein, The thermal management control method further comprises detecting the real-time temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage material in the solid-state hydrogen storage tank; When hydrogen is stored and the heat pump is closed, it is determined whether the real-time temperature is less than a first set temperature, and if so, the heat pump is kept closed; When hydrogen is stored and the heat pump is started, it is determined whether the real-time temperature is less than the first set temperature, and if so, the heat pump is closed, and if not, the heat pump is kept started; When hydrogen is released and the heat pump is closed, it is determined whether the real-time temperature is between a second set temperature and a third set temperature, and if so, the heat pump is kept closed; When hydrogen is released and the heat pump is started, it is determined whether the real-time temperature is between the second set temperature and the third set temperature, and if so, the heat pump is closed; if the real-time temperature is less than the second set temperature, the heat pump is kept started; The first set temperature is the temperature when the hydrogen storage material is fully hydrogenated, the second set temperature is the upper limit of the temperature when the heat pump is started during hydrogen release of the hydrogen storage material, and the third set temperature is the temperature when the hydrogen storage material is fully dehydrogenated.

12. The solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management control method of claim 8, wherein, The thermal management control method further comprises detecting the real-time pressure of hydrogen in the solid-state hydrogen storage tank and controlling the flow of the heat exchange medium in the external circulation pipeline according to the real-time pressure.

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