Formula and application of isotonic protein solution feed for promoting nitrogen absorption of intestinal tracts of piglets

Abstract

The invention relates to an isotonic protein solution feed formula for promoting nitrogen absorption of intestinal tracts of piglets and application, in particular to a feed formula for improving intestinal health of the piglets in a lactation period and improving feed protein absorption capacity of organisms by feeding the piglets with an isotonic protein solution. The isotonic protein solution disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of improving physiological structures such as intestinal villus / crypt proportion of piglets, promoting absorption and utilization of protein nitrogen by organisms so as to improve intestinal absorption capacity, reducing diarrhea and death rate of the piglets in the lactation period and the like. In addition, the isotonic protein solution is orally taken to the piglets, can be used as a supplement besides breast milk of the existing diet of the piglets and as a phagostimulant of a creep feed before weaning, and reduces the stress response of the piglets due to the fact that the breast milk is converted into a solid feed in the weaning period.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of pig breeding and pig feed, and relates to an isotonic protein solution feed formula for promoting nitrogen absorption in the intestinal tract of piglets and application, in particular to a feed formula for improving intestinal health of piglets during lactation and improving the body's protein absorption capacity by feeding piglets with an isotonic protein solution. BACKGROUND

[0002] Piglets play an important role in the livestock and breeding industry, and their health and growth conditions are directly related to the profitability of the entire breeding industry. The survival rate of piglets is also one of the important factors affecting the economic benefits of pig farms. The birth weight and weaning weight of piglets affect the survival rate of piglets. Related studies have shown that higher birth weight and weaning weight can improve the stress resistance of piglets during weaning and faster growth rate after weaning. Good weaning weight helps piglets transition to the fattening period faster and achieve faster growth performance. Related studies have shown that piglets just weaned have not fully developed their immune systems, and if the intestinal development is intervened during the lactation period, the impact on the immune function and intestinal barrier function of early weaned piglets will continue to adulthood. However, in most current domestic studies, attention is generally focused on the weaning period and the fattening period of piglets, as well as genetic and nutritional studies of sows, thus neglecting the research on feeding management and nutritional regulation of piglets before weaning.

[0003] The growth and management of piglets during the lactation period are crucial to the efficiency and health of pork production. In both domestic and foreign countries, the study of piglets during the lactation period has always been one of the hotspots in the field of livestock and poultry breeding, involving multiple aspects such as nutritional needs of piglets, use of antibiotics, management of sows, environmental control, etc. Piglets during the lactation period have high nutritional needs, especially for protein, energy, vitamins, and minerals. Domestic and foreign studies have shown that reasonable feeding management of piglets during the lactation period can meet the nutritional needs of piglets, promote their growth and development, and improve their survival rate and production performance by adjusting feed composition, feeding methods, and feeding environment, etc. However, in actual situations, problems such as insufficient milk secretion, poor nutrition, inadequate management, and diseases such as porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) are increasingly prominent. Due to improper feeding management, inadequate nutrition, or physiological diseases, some sows have insufficient milk secretion after giving birth, which results in insufficient nutrition for piglets, affecting their growth and development of immunity. This can lead to slow growth, low immunity, and susceptibility to diseases in piglets. Low immunity promotes the occurrence of diseases in pig farms, leading to an increase in the use of drugs such as antibiotics, which has a serious impact on the growth and health of piglets. Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the health management of piglets during the lactation period and improve the health level of piglets.

[0004] Intestinal growth is the core of the growth and development of piglets and the basis of rapid growth. The intestine is the main place for digestion and absorption of nutrients, and is also an important barrier to resist pathogens. Because the intestinal development of piglets is not perfect, early weaning can easily cause damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier and digestive dysfunction in piglets, which in turn leads to a decrease in free-feeding intake, insufficient energy intake, diarrhea, and even death. After birth, colostrum stimulates the rapid growth of the intestine, mainly manifested as an increase in intestinal DNA synthesis and protein content, a decrease in cell turnover rate, and an expansion of villus and microvillus surface area. The relative weight ratio of the small intestine is 2 times that at birth 24 h after birth, the intestinal crypt depth and villus height increase by 40% and 30%, respectively, and the intestinal digestive area increases by 50%. One week after birth, the intestinal mucosal blood flow increases, the villus length also increases, and a large number of transverse grooves appear on the villus surface. However, as the age of the piglets increases, the villi become shorter and thicker, and the number and depth of the transverse grooves on the villi decrease. Therefore, good care of the intestinal tract of piglets during the birth to weaning period is important for improving the stress tolerance of piglets at weaning and the digestive and absorptive capacity of piglets for nutrients.

[0005] Diarrhea in piglets refers to a disease in which piglets have digestive dysfunction, and the excrement is watery or thin, often accompanied by loss of appetite, developmental delay, malnutrition, fatigue, and other symptoms. It is a common disease in piglet breeding, and diarrhea in piglets generally affects the growth and development of piglets. Diarrhea affects the digestive and absorptive capacity of piglets, leading to nutrient loss, which affects the growth and development and weight gain of piglets. Moreover, piglet diarrhea often leads to increased breeding costs, increased use of antibiotics, and the spread of infectious diseases in pig farms, so it is important to reduce and prevent the incidence of piglet diarrhea for the breeding industry. The incidence of piglet diarrhea is not only closely related to the management measures of the pig farm, but also closely related to the intestinal development and antibody levels of piglets. Currently, the main methods for improving the weaning weight of piglets and promoting the growth and development of the intestinal tract of piglets during the lactation period are to add essential amino acids such as methionine, lysine, tryptophan, and glycine, polypeptides, yeast, probiotics, and other feed additives, which can improve the digestive and absorptive capacity of piglets for feed and increase feed utilization, thereby promoting the growth and development of piglets. However, piglets during the lactation period have a low intake of starter feed and poor absorption and digestive capacity for solid feed, so there are certain limitations to the addition of solid feed additives.

[0006] In vivo, maintaining the isotonic environment inside and outside the cell is crucial for the normal physiological function of the cell. This helps the cell to maintain normal morphological structure, cell membrane integrity, and material exchange between the inside and outside of the cell. When the cell is faced with changes in osmotic pressure, for example, the external environment solute concentration is too high or too low, it will cause stress to the cell, leading to cell function disorder, cell membrane damage and even cell death. In the intestinal tract, maintaining an isotonic environment is crucial for intestinal health. The intestine is the largest digestive organ in the human body, and the intestinal cells are densely arranged, forming an intestinal barrier that blocks harmful substances from entering the blood circulation. Maintaining an isotonic environment helps maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier, preventing harmful substances from entering the blood circulation through the intestinal wall, thereby protecting the function of the intestinal barrier. In addition, an isotonic environment also helps promote the absorption of nutrients by intestinal cells, maintain normal metabolism and function of intestinal cells. At the same time, an isotonic environment can also alleviate the adverse effects of stress on the intestine, helping to maintain the normal physiological state of intestinal cells, thereby having a positive effect on the health of the body. In the feeding of piglets in the stage of lactation, maintaining a suitable isotonic environment is of great significance to the growth and health of piglets. For example, under stress, piglets may face problems such as damage to the intestinal barrier and immune regulation disorder, and maintaining an isotonic environment can help alleviate these adverse effects and promote the healthy growth of piglets. The addition of a liquid isotonic protein solution feed additive contains certain Na + , K + , Ca 2+ ions, and when piglets have diarrhea, the loss of Na + , Ca 2+ ions due to cell dehydration can cause metabolic disorders, leading to the death of piglets. The use of isotonic solutions, in which the ions contained therein are actively absorbed by sodium ions in the small intestine (coupled transport), and the passive absorption of water and chloride is also increased, thereby replenishing the lost electrolytes and correcting the disorder caused by acid-base imbalance.

[0007] As an important part of the pig breeding industry, the intestinal health of piglets is crucial to the immune capacity, disease resistance, and growth and development of the body. However, at present, the main focus is on sow nutrition and weaned piglet nutrition, resulting in insufficient attention to piglet nutrition regulation, health management mode, etc. And in the breeding process, due to the large number of piglets and the lack of nursery management personnel, the breeding is not fine enough, so most of the piglets may be in a sub-health state during the breeding process, but it has not attracted enough attention from the breeding industry. Therefore, it is crucial to strengthen the health management and care of piglets, so a simple and efficient nutritional additive feeding scheme is needed to improve the intestinal health of piglets and improve their growth and development, immune function, and production performance. SUMMARY

[0008] The present invention aims to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, and relates to an isotonic protein solution feed formula for promoting the absorption of nitrogen in the intestines of piglets and application. The isotonic protein solution promotes intestinal development, reduces the incidence of diarrhea and mortality during lactation. The isotonic protein solution is orally administered to piglets as a supplement or replacement of their existing diet.

[0009] The present invention adds protein and amino acids to the solution, the principle of which is that dietary protein is hydrolyzed into small peptides and free amino acids in the digestive tract before being transported to intestinal cells. Amino acids are important nutrients that are preferentially utilized by the small intestine, enter the intestinal epithelial cells through transport carriers to act on corresponding receptors, initiate cell signals, and regulate physiological processes within cells. Amino acids, as the main energy source for intestinal mucosa and precursors for synthesizing proteins and various signaling molecules, play an important role in promoting the growth and development of the intestinal tract and maintaining the structure and function of the intestinal tract. Therefore, through the combined action of supplementing protein and isotonic ion solution, the growth and development of the intestinal tract of piglets can be effectively promoted, and the incidence and severity of diarrhea can be reduced.

[0010] The main functional components of the isotonic protein solution feed formula of the present invention include: sodium chloride and potassium chloride in the isotonic solution can interact with the sodium-potassium ion pump in the intestinal tract, helping to maintain normal ion balance and regulate intestinal function to promote the health of the intestinal tract of piglets and create a certain isotonic environment; whey protein powder and glycine provide protein and, together with sodium and potassium ions, form an isotonic protein solution that participates in the osmotic regulation, adhesion, and protection of the intestinal mucosa. The specific action principles of the combination are as follows:

[0011] (1) Osmotic regulation: the isotonic protein solution has a concentration similar to the osmotic pressure of body fluids. When it enters the intestinal tract, it can interact with the intestinal fluid. Protein molecules have a certain osmotic ability and can regulate the osmotic pressure of intestinal fluid to maintain appropriate osmotic balance. This helps to prevent excessive water loss or excessive absorption, thereby promoting the balance of intestinal fluid.

[0012] (2) Adhesion: protein molecules in the isotonic protein solution can bind to the surface of the intestinal mucosa, forming a protective protein film. This film can adhere to the intestinal mucosa, forming a physical barrier that prevents the entry of harmful substances and bacteria, reducing their stimulation and damage to the intestinal mucosa.

[0013] (3) Protective effect: the isotonic protein solution can provide essential nutrients and energy, helping to maintain the health of the intestinal mucosa. Protein is an important component of cell growth and repair, which can promote the regeneration and repair of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells. In addition, protein can also provide essential amino acids, participate in immune responses and anti-inflammatory processes, and help protect the immune function of the intestinal tract.

[0014] The object of the present application can be achieved by the following solutions:

[0015] In a first aspect, the present application provides an isotonic protein solution feed for promoting nitrogen absorption in the intestinal tract of piglets, comprising isotonic protein and water, wherein the isotonic protein is composed of the following raw materials in mass percentage:

[0016] Glucose: 40-60%,

[0017] Whey protein powder: 10-25%,

[0018] Sodium chloride: 2-8%,

[0019] Potassium chloride: 2-8%,

[0020] Citric acid: 2-10%,

[0021] Sodium glutamate: 2-9%,

[0022] Xanthan gum: 2-8%,

[0023] Xylo-oligosaccharides: 1-3%,

[0024] Glycine: 1-7%,

[0025] Sodium benzoate: 1-6%.

[0026] As an embodiment of the present application, the isotonic protein is composed of the following raw materials in mass percentage:

[0027] Glucose: 50%,

[0028] Whey protein powder: 18%,

[0029] Sodium chloride: 5%,

[0030] Potassium chloride: 5%,

[0031] Citric acid: 6%,

[0032] Sodium glutamate: 2%,

[0033] Xanthan gum: 5%,

[0034] Xylo-oligosaccharides: 2%,

[0035] Glycine: 4%,

[0036] Sodium benzoate: 3%.

[0037] As an embodiment of the present application, the mass ratio of isotonic protein to water is 10-20:100.

[0038] As an embodiment of the present application, the mass ratio of isotonic protein to water is 15:100.

[0039] As an embodiment of the present application, the purpose of selecting whey protein powder is to ensure that the protein source contains rich nitrogen substances.

[0040] In a second aspect, the present application provides a preparation method of an isotonic protein solution feed formula for promoting the intestinal absorption capacity of piglets to feed nitrogen, comprising the following steps:

[0041] S1. According to the mass percentage of each raw material in the formula, the raw materials are weighed;

[0042] S2. After mixing the raw materials, water is added and stirred to dissolve.

[0043] As an embodiment of the present application, in step S2, the stirring rate is 20-60 r / min and the time is 10-30 min.

[0044] As an embodiment of the present application, the preparation method further comprises detecting the prepared isotonic protein solution feed to ensure that it meets the nutritional requirements and isotonic requirements, and making necessary adjustments as needed.

[0045] In a third aspect, the present application provides an application of an isotonic protein solution feed formula for promoting the intestinal absorption of nitrogen in piglets in the feeding of piglets.

[0046] As an embodiment of the present application, the application is to feed piglets with the isotonic protein solution feed.

[0047] As an embodiment of the present application, the feeding time is 2-8 days after the birth of piglets and one week before weaning. Feeding piglets with the isotonic protein solution feed as a forage attractant one week before weaning can reduce the stress response of piglets when they switch from breast milk to solid feed during the weaning period.

[0048] As an embodiment of the present application, the dosage of the isotonic protein solution feed is 40-50 ml per head per day.

[0049] As an embodiment of the present application, the feeding method comprises: directly adding the isotonic protein solution to the feeding tray before the piglets start to add the starter feed, adding the isotonic protein solution to the starter feed in a 1:1 ratio after the piglets start to eat the starter feed, 500 mL per litter per day or 40-50 ml per piglet per day, and the isotonic protein solution is an isotonic protein solution with a protein mass percentage of about 3% (15 grams of product powder plus 100 mL of pure water) for about 10 piglets per litter. Before feeding, the tray should be cleaned to ensure that the tray is clean (do not use severely contaminated trays to feed piglets); the tray should be correctly placed during feeding, and the placement requirement is to be away from the pig excretion area and as close to the piglet activity area as possible.

[0050] The isosmotic protein solution feed provided by the present application mainly focuses on: isosmotic protein liquid feed for lactation, piglets, before weaning; in particular, the use mode is liquid, and the use time is lactation. The basic principle of improving the intestinal villus / crypt ratio of piglets by feeding piglets with isosmotic protein feed is that the protein content in the isosmotic solution is consistent with the amino acid concentration in the intestinal tract of piglets, thereby providing a suitable nutritional environment. This isosmotic property allows the water permeation balance in the intestinal tract to be maintained, reducing the possibility of water loss and diarrhea. In addition, the protein in the isosmotic protein solution has high digestibility and bioavailability, which can provide high-quality nutrients for piglets, promote the development of intestinal villi and improve the absorption function. In summary, through the application of isosmotic protein feed, a suitable intestinal environment can be created to promote the improvement of the intestinal villus / crypt ratio of lactation piglets.

[0051] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0052] (1) The isosmotic protein solution feed of the present application can improve the physiological structure such as the intestinal villus / crypt ratio of piglets and maintain a suitable isosmotic environment in the intestinal tract, promote the absorption and utilization of protein nitrogen by the body, thereby improving the intestinal development of piglets during lactation, and further reducing and relieving the probability of diarrhea in piglets, and improving the utilization efficiency of feed by piglets.

[0053] (2) The isosmotic protein solution feed of the present application can be used as a supplement to the existing diet of piglets in addition to breast milk and as a feeding agent for creep feed before weaning, thereby reducing the stress response of piglets when switching from breast milk to solid feed during weaning.

[0054] (3) The present application provides a feeding method and process of isosmotic protein solution, which is of great help to improve the healthy development of lactation piglets and improve the economic benefits of pig farm breeding. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following examples are implemented under the premise of the technical solutions of the present application, and provide detailed implementation modes and specific operation processes, which will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present application. It should be pointed out that the protection scope of the present application is not limited to the following examples, and several adjustments and improvements made under the premise of the concept of the present application all belong to the protection scope of the present application.

[0056] Example 1: Preparation of isosmotic protein solution feed

[0057] The present embodiment provides a preparation method of isosmotic protein solution feed, comprising the following steps:

[0058] S1, weigh the following mass percentage of raw materials:

[0059] Glucose: 50%,

[0060] Whey protein powder: 18%,

[0061] Sodium chloride: 5%,

[0062] Potassium chloride: 5%,

[0063] Citric acid: 6%,

[0064] Sodium glutamate: 2%,

[0065] Xanthan gum: 5%,

[0066] Xylose oligomer: 2%,

[0067] Glycine: 4%,

[0068] Sodium benzoate: 3%;

[0069] S2, after mixing the raw materials, water is added according to the mass ratio of raw materials to water of 15:100, stirring at a rate of 30 r / min for 20 min, so that the raw materials are fully dissolved, and the finished product isotonic protein solution feed is formed.

[0070] Example 2: Piglet feeding test

[0071] Select 24 litters of piglets with a birth weight of about 1.1 kg, and randomly divide them into an experimental group and a control group, 12 litters in each group. The experimental group is fed with 500 mL of the finished product isotonic protein solution per litter per day from the 2nd to the 8th day after birth and 7 days before weaning, and the rest is treated in the same way as the control group according to the normal commercial management mode. The feeding experiment ends when the piglets are weaned. Record the diarrhea and death of each group every day, observe and record the state of the test pigs, treat diseases in time, and make records. After the piglets are weaned, 24 piglets are randomly selected for blood sampling and intestinal sample sampling to determine the intestinal development. The determination target is to determine the daily average weight gain, diarrhea rate and mortality rate, and intestinal development, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0072] Diarrhea rate / % = number of test piglets with diarrhea in the test period ÷ (number of test piglets × test days) × 100%

[0073] Mortality rate / % = number of dead test pigs in the test period ÷ total number of test pigs × 100%

[0074] Table 1: Results of feeding of milk piglets

[0075] Test results Control group Experimental group P value Diarrhea rate (%) 7.80 6.20 Mortality rate (%) 5.74 2.79 Jejunal villus height (μm) 595.85±60.20 643.03±61.29 0.19 Jejunal crypt depth (μm) 119.17±20.23 107.25±20.75 O.10 Jejunal villus height and crypt depth ratio 5.19±0.78 6.14±1.21 0.03 Glucose (mmol / L) 6.28±1.28 6.89±0.81 0.30 Creatinine (μmol / L) 91.91±10.86 94.42±12.71 0.76 Urea nitrogen (mmol / L) 4.83±0.66 4.07±0.84 0.03 Urea nitrogen / creatinine 51.23±5.62 40.78±8.52 0.01

[0076] From the feeding results of Table 1, the daily weight gain of the experimental group, the villus height of the jejunum, the villus height and crypt depth ratio of the jejunum are higher than those of the control group, which shows that the intestinal development of the piglets is better after using the isotonic protein solution, so that the daily weight gain of the piglets is higher. And the urea nitrogen and urea nitrogen and creatinine ratio content in the blood are less, the related literature (WANG C, CAO S, SHEN Z, et al. Effects of dietary tributyrin on intestinal mucosa development, mitochondrial function and AMPK-mTOR pathway in weaned pigs [J]. J Anim Sci Biotechnol, 2019, 10: 93.) shows that the content of nitrogen in the blood is related to the absorption and utilization efficiency of the body to the feed, and the decrease of the content of nitrogen in the blood shows that the utilization rate of the body to the feed is higher, which can improve the utilization rate of the piglets to the feed. And the mortality and diarrhea rate are effectively reduced, which shows that feeding the product in the lactation stage can effectively reduce the mortality and diarrhea probability of piglets, so as to improve the economic benefit of piglets in the lactation stage.

[0077] In summary, by feeding the isotonic protein solution to the piglets in the lactation stage in the first 2-8 days after birth and the week before weaning, the mortality and intestinal diarrhea probability of the piglets can be effectively reduced, and the development of the intestinal tract of the piglets and the absorption and digestion efficiency of the intestinal tract to the nutrients can be effectively improved, so as to promote the healthy growth of the piglets.

[0078] The specific embodiments of the present application are described above. It should be understood that the present application is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications or changes within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the essential content of the present application.

Claims

1. An isotonic protein solution feed that promotes nitrogen absorption in the intestines of piglets, characterized in that, It includes isotonic protein and water, wherein the isotonic protein is composed of the following raw materials in weight percentages. composition: Glucose: 40-60%, Whey protein powder: 10-25%, Sodium chloride: 2-8%, Potassium chloride: 2-8%, Citric acid: 2-10%, Monosodium glutamate: 2-9%, Xanthan gum: 2-8%, Xylooligosaccharides: 1-3%, Glycine: 1-7%, Sodium benzoate: 1-6%.

2. The isotonic protein solution feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The isotonic protein is composed of the following raw materials in the following mass percentages: Glucose: 50%, Whey protein powder: 18%, Sodium chloride: 5%, Potassium chloride: 5%, Citric acid: 6%, Monosodium glutamate: 2%, Xanthan gum: 5%, Xylooligosaccharides: 2%, Glycine: 4%, Sodium benzoate: 3%.

3. The isotonic protein solution feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of isotonic protein to water is 10-20:

100.

4. The isotonic protein solution feed according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of isotonic protein to water is 15:

100.

5. A method for preparing an isotonic protein solution feed as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Weigh the raw materials according to the mass percentage of each ingredient in the formula; S2. Mix the raw materials and add water, then stir to dissolve.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S2, the stirring rate is 20-60 r / min and the stirring time is 10-30 min.

7. The application of an isotonic protein solution feed as described in any one of claims 1-4 or an isotonic protein solution feed prepared by any one of claims 5-6 in the feeding of piglets.

8. The application according to claim 7, characterized in that, The application involves feeding piglets with isotonic protein solution feed.

9. The application according to claim 8, characterized in that, The feeding period is from the 2nd to the 8th day after birth and one week before weaning.

10. The application according to claim 8, characterized in that, The dosage of the isotonic protein solution feed is 40-50 ml / head / day.