Multi-type laser spot automatic switching and output device

Abstract

The application provides a multi-type laser spot automatic switching and output device, and belongs to the technical field of laser processing.The application comprises an upper lens switching component, a lower lens switching component, a laser head, a QBH connector and a control device; the control device controls the up-down movement and rotation of the upper lens switching component by controlling a first driving device and a second driving device, and controls the up-down movement and rotation of the lower lens switching component by controlling a third driving device and a fourth driving device, so as to realize the automatic switching and position adjustment of the lens.The device can realize the automatic switching and accurate positioning of different lens groups, so as to realize the output of the required laser spot type, and has the characteristics of high automation, high efficiency, convenience and multiple output spot types.The device can meet the diversified demand for the laser spot type in laser processing, so as to further improve the processing efficiency and performance and reduce the equipment cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser processing technology, and in particular to an automatic switching and output device for multiple types of laser spots. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of processing and manufacturing, laser applications are becoming increasingly widespread, covering multiple aspects such as laser welding, surface treatment, and auxiliary processing. As a key laser parameter directly affecting the heat output of the processed surface, the laser spot type is constantly diversifying with processing requirements; therefore, selecting the appropriate type is crucial for improving processing performance. Currently, the main spot types include Gaussian and flat-top. Gaussian spots have high temperatures at the center and low temperatures at the edges, making them the most widely used type in processing. In contrast, flat-top spots have a more uniform heat distribution, allowing for more even heat treatment or preheating of the processing area, and are highly regarded and applied in precision and ultra-precision machining. These two types of spots create unique processing effects due to their different heat distributions. For flat-top spots, in addition to uniform heat distribution, different shapes such as circular, square, or rectangular also exhibit diverse processing advantages in different applications.

[0003] As the core component for outputting laser light, the laser head's internal lens assembly and optical path design determine the laser spot type. However, current laser heads used in processing have a relatively limited output type, only able to output fixed Gaussian or flat-top laser spots, making it impossible to switch between types on the same equipment. Changing the laser spot requires replacing the entire laser head, which not only increases equipment and time costs but also severely limits the real-time requirements for diverse spot variations during processing, thus reducing efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, developing a highly integrated device capable of automatically switching laser spot types on the same laser head is of great significance for meeting diverse needs, improving processing efficiency and performance, and reducing equipment costs.

[0004] In summary, the laser heads currently used in laser processing have a relatively limited output type, primarily producing either a single Gaussian or flat-top laser spot. This makes it impossible to achieve different laser spot types on a single laser head. If a different laser spot needs to be output, the corresponding laser head must be replaced. This not only increases the cost of laser equipment and time but also significantly limits the real-time requirements for diverse laser spot types during laser processing, thereby reducing processing efficiency and costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, to solve the technical problem of the single laser spot type output by the same laser head in current laser processing, this invention provides an automatic switching and output device for multiple laser spot types. This device automatically switches and outputs different types of laser spots in real time without changing the laser head. It can automatically switch and precisely position different lens groups, thereby achieving the desired laser spot type output. It features high automation, high efficiency and convenience, and diverse output spot types. It can meet the diverse needs for laser spot types in laser processing, thereby further improving processing efficiency and performance while reducing equipment costs.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] An automatic switching and output device for multiple types of laser spots includes:

[0008] The upper lens switching component includes an upper lens mounting plate, a first driving device, and a second driving device. The upper lens mounting plate is provided with a plurality of lenses. The first driving device is used to drive the upper lens switching component to move up and down, and the second driving device is used to drive the upper lens mounting plate to rotate to achieve lens switching.

[0009] The lower lens switching component includes a lower lens mounting plate, a third driving device, and a fourth driving device; the lower lens mounting plate is provided with a plurality of lenses, the third driving device is used to drive the lower lens switching component to move up and down, and the fourth driving device is used to drive the lower lens mounting plate to rotate to achieve lens switching.

[0010] The laser head is mounted and positioned on the lower lens switching component;

[0011] A QBH connector is used to connect the laser source output by the laser to the laser head;

[0012] The control device is used to control the first drive device, the second drive device, the third drive device and the fourth drive device to achieve automatic switching and position adjustment of the lens.

[0013] Preferably, the upper lens switching component includes:

[0014] Upper support plate;

[0015] The first driving device and the second driving device are both mounted on the upper support plate;

[0016] The first gear is connected to the output end of the first drive device;

[0017] The first rack is fixed to the lower support plate of the lower lens switching component;

[0018] The first guide rail is fixed to the lower support plate of the lower lens switching component;

[0019] The first slider is disposed on the upper support plate and is slidably connected to the first guide rail.

[0020] Preferably, the upper lens switching component further includes:

[0021] The first deep groove ball bearing and the second deep groove ball bearing are used to provide rotational support for the input shaft of the upper lens mounting plate;

[0022] The elastic retaining ring and the positioning bushing are used to achieve axial positioning of the upper lens mounting plate.

[0023] Preferably, the upper lens mounting plate is provided with a rectangular flat-top light spot upper lens, a circular flat-top light spot upper lens, a square flat-top light spot upper lens, and a Gaussian light spot upper lens.

[0024] Preferably, the rectangular flat-top light spot lens includes a first focusing lens and a first collimating lens, used to focus and compress the collimated light output by the laser head and then collimate it again;

[0025] The circular flat-top light spot upper lens includes a second focusing lens and a second collimating lens, which are used to focus and compress the collimated light output by the laser head and then collimate it again.

[0026] The square flat-top light spot lens includes a third focusing lens and a third collimating lens, which are used to focus and compress the collimated light output by the laser head and then collimate it again.

[0027] The Gaussian spot lens includes a fourth focusing lens, which is used to focus the collimated light output from the laser head to form a Gaussian type laser spot.

[0028] Preferably, the lower lens switching component includes:

[0029] The lower support plate and the middle support plate constitute the installation frame;

[0030] The third driving device is mounted on the intermediate support plate;

[0031] The fourth driving device is disposed on the lower support plate;

[0032] The second gear is connected to the output end of the third drive device;

[0033] The second rack is fixed to the lower support plate;

[0034] The second guide rail is fixed to the intermediate support plate;

[0035] The second slider is disposed on the lower support plate and is slidably connected to the second guide rail.

[0036] Preferably, the lower lens switching component further includes a first distance sensor mounted on the intermediate support plate, used to provide feedback on the position of the lower lens switching component and achieve precise position control.

[0037] Preferably, the lower lens mounting plate is equipped with a Gaussian spot lower lens, a rectangular flat-top spot lower lens, a circular flat-top spot lower lens, and a square flat-top spot lower lens.

[0038] Preferably, the lower Gaussian spot lens is an empty lens, which does not contain any lenses, and works in conjunction with the upper Gaussian spot lens to achieve the final output of a Gaussian type laser spot;

[0039] The lower lens of the rectangular flat-top spot includes a first shaping lens and a second shaping lens, which shape the laser beam from the upper lens of the rectangular flat-top spot and finally output the required rectangular flat-top type laser spot.

[0040] The lower lens of the circular flat-top spot includes a third shaping lens and a fourth shaping lens, which shape the laser beam from the upper lens of the circular flat-top spot and finally output the required circular flat-top type laser spot.

[0041] The lower lens of the square flat-top spot includes a fifth shaping lens and a sixth shaping lens, which shape the laser beam from the upper lens of the square flat-top spot, and finally output the required square flat-top type laser spot.

[0042] Preferably, it further includes:

[0043] The mounting bracket is connected to the lower lens switching component and is used for assembly with the mechanical components at the end of the laser processing, adapting to different laser processing scenarios.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0045] (1) The present invention innovatively designs an upper and lower lens switching component, which can accurately switch, position and combine upper and lower lenses in a variety of ways to realize real-time automatic switching and output of Gaussian type laser spot and various flat-top type laser spot.

[0046] (2) Each lens is fixed to the lens mounting plate by threaded connection. The plate has expansion capability and can carry more lenses without being limited by the design number, so as to meet more diversified laser spot processing needs.

[0047] (3) The device can be installed at various laser processing ends and applied to a variety of processing technologies, significantly enhancing its applicability.

[0048] (4) The device automatically switches lenses based on preset program code, which effectively improves the automation level of laser processing.

[0049] (5) The present invention effectively solves the problems of low integration and single output spot type of existing laser heads. It can realize real-time automatic switching and output of different types of laser spots without replacing the laser head.

[0050] (6) The upper and lower lens switching component designed in this invention can accurately control parameters such as focal length and working distance to achieve diverse lens combinations and ensure accurate output of different laser spot types. Attached Figure Description

[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 This is an overall structural diagram of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the upper lens switching component;

[0054] Figure 4 Cross-sectional view of the upper lens mounting plate rotation system;

[0055] Figure 5 Diagram of the upper lens mounting plate and its lens assembly structure;

[0056] Figure 6 The images show a plan view and a cross-sectional view of the lens on a square flat-top light spot. The left side is the plan view, and the right side is the cross-sectional view along the left AA direction.

[0057] Figure 7 The images show a plan view and a cross-sectional view of the lens on a rectangular flat-top light spot. The left side is the plan view, and the right side is the cross-sectional view along the left BB direction.

[0058] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of the lower lens switching component in two different directions;

[0059] Figure 9 A structural diagram of the lower lens mounting plate and its lens assembly;

[0060] Figure 10 The images show a plan view and a cross-sectional view of the lens under a square flat-top light spot. The left side is the plan view, and the right side is the cross-sectional view along the left CC direction.

[0061] Figure 11 The images show a plan view and a cross-sectional view of the lens under a rectangular flat-top light spot. The left side is the plan view, and the right side is the cross-sectional view along the left DD direction.

[0062] Figure 12The diagram shows the structure and optical path of the device that outputs a Gaussian laser spot.

[0063] Figure 13 The diagram shows the structure and optical path of a device that outputs a flat-top type laser spot.

[0064] In the diagram, 1. Mounting bracket; 2. Upper lens switching component; 201. First guide rail; 202. First rack; 203. First stepper motor; 204. First gear; 205. First motor mounting plate; 206. Upper lens mounting plate; 207. Second motor mounting plate; 208. Second stepper motor; 209. Upper support plate; 210. Rectangular flat-top light spot upper lens; 210-1. First focusing lens; 210-2. First collimating lens; 211. Circular flat-top light spot upper lens; 211-1. Second focusing lens; 211-2. Second collimating lens. 212. Square flat-top lens; 212-1. Third focusing lens; 212-2. Third collimating lens; 213. Gaussian lens; 213-1. Fourth focusing lens; 214. Motor output shaft; 215. Elastic retaining ring; 216. First deep groove ball bearing; 217. Positioning sleeve; 218. Second deep groove ball bearing; 219. First slider mounting base; 220. First slider; 3. Lower lens switching component; 301. Second rack; 302. First distance sensor; 303. Third motor mounting plate; 304. Second gear 305. Third stepper motor; 306. Second guide rail; 307. Second slider; 308. Lower lens mounting plate; 309. Fourth motor mounting plate; 310. Fourth stepper motor; 311. Gaussian spot lower lens; 312. Rectangular flat-top spot lower lens; 312-1. First shaping lens; 312-2. Second shaping lens; 313. Circular flat-top spot lower lens; 313-1. Third shaping lens; 313-2. Fourth shaping lens; 314. Square flat-top spot lower lens; 314-1. Fifth shaping lens; 314-2. 315. Sixth shaping lens; 316. Second slider mounting base; 317. Lower support plate; 318. First threaded hole; 319. Second threaded hole; 300. Second slide rail mounting base; 310. Middle support plate; 311. Third threaded hole; 312. Through hole; 313. Second distance sensor; 4. Laser head; 401. Fourth collimating lens; 5. QBH connector; 6. Fixture block; 7. Gaussian type laser spot; 8. Circular flat-top type laser spot; 9. Square flat-top type laser spot; 10. Rectangular flat-top type laser spot. Detailed Implementation

[0065] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0066] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top / bottom", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0067] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "equipped with," "sleeved / connected," "connected," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0068] like Figure 1 The diagram illustrates the working principle of the automatic switching and output device for multiple types of laser spots according to the present invention. First, the laser spot type is determined based on the laser type requirements. Then, the required lens combination is determined based on the spot type. By adjusting the movement and rotation of the upper lens mounting plate 206 and the lower lens mounting plate 308, automatic switching and combination positioning of different lenses are achieved. Finally, by turning on the laser, the device can achieve precise output of the required type of laser spot.

[0069] like Figure 2 As shown, exemplarily, an automatic switching and output device for multiple types of laser spots is illustrated, comprising:

[0070] The upper lens switching component 2 includes an upper lens mounting plate 206, a first driving device, and a second driving device. The upper lens mounting plate 206 is provided with a plurality of lenses. The first driving device is used to drive the upper lens switching component 2 to move up and down, and the second driving device is used to drive the upper lens mounting plate 206 to rotate to achieve lens switching.

[0071] In this invention, the upper lens switching component 2 includes:

[0072] Upper support plate 209;

[0073] Both the first driving device and the second driving device are mounted on the upper support plate 209. In the upper lens switching component 2, the first driving device and the second driving device are preferably a first stepper motor 203 and a second stepper motor 208.

[0074] The first gear 204 is connected to the output end of the first drive device, and the first drive device drives the first gear 204 to rotate.

[0075] The first rack 202 is fixed on the lower support plate 316 of the lower lens switching component 3, and the lower support plate 316 provides stable support and fixation for the first rack 202.

[0076] The first guide rail 201 is fixed on the lower support plate 316 of the lower lens switching component 3.

[0077] The first slider 220 is disposed on the upper support plate 209 and is slidably connected to the first guide rail.

[0078] The upper lens switching component 2 also includes:

[0079] The first deep groove ball bearing 216 and the second deep groove ball bearing 218 are used to provide rotational support for the input shaft of the upper lens mounting plate 206.

[0080] The elastic retaining ring 215 and the positioning bushing 217 are used to achieve axial positioning of the upper lens mounting plate 206.

[0081] In this invention, the upper lens mounting plate 206 is provided with a rectangular flat-top light spot upper lens 210, a circular flat-top light spot upper lens 211, a square flat-top light spot upper lens 212, and a Gaussian light spot upper lens 213.

[0082] In this invention, the upper lens of the rectangular flat-top light spot 210 includes a first focusing lens 210-1 and a first collimating lens 210-2, which are used to focus and compress the collimated light output by the laser head 4 and then collimate it again.

[0083] The circular flat-top light spot upper lens 211 includes a second focusing lens 211-1 and a second collimating lens 211-2, which are used to focus and compress the collimated light output by the laser head 4 and then collimate it again.

[0084] The square flat-top light spot lens 212 includes a third focusing lens 212-1 and a third collimating lens 212-2, which are used to focus and compress the collimated light output by the laser head 4 and then collimate it again.

[0085] The Gaussian spot lens 213 includes a fourth focusing lens 213-1, which is used to focus the collimated light output by the laser head 4 to form a Gaussian type laser spot 7.

[0086] The first stepper motor 203 drives the first gear 204 to rotate. Since the first gear 204 is meshed with the first rack 202, it drives the first slider 220 to slide along the first guide rail 201, which in turn drives the upper support plate 209 to move up and down along the first guide rail 201, thus adjusting the position of the upper lens mounting plate 206.

[0087] The second stepper motor 208 drives the upper lens mounting plate 206 to rotate, switching the target upper lens to directly below the laser head 4. The lens on the upper lens mounting plate 206 performs focusing and collimation preprocessing on the laser beam.

[0088] like Figures 3-4 As shown, the present invention exemplarily provides a preferred embodiment of an upper lens switching component, specifically:

[0089] The first stepper motor 203 is mounted on the upper support plate 209 via the first motor mounting plate 205. The output shaft of the first stepper motor 203 is connected to the first gear 204, and the first rack 202 is fastened to the lower support plate 316 via the second threaded hole 316-2, and fixed on the lower support plate 316. By driving the first stepper motor 203, the gear engagement movement of the first gear 204 and the first rack 202 can be achieved. The first slider 220 is mounted on the upper support plate 209 via the first slider mounting seat 219, and the first guide rail 201 is fastened to the lower support plate 316 via the first threaded hole 316-1. The first slider 220 moves up and down along the first guide rail 201. By controlling the first stepper motor 203, the first gear 204 and the first rack 202 are driven to engage, thereby driving the upper support plate 209 to move up and down along the first guide rail 201, and thus driving the upper lens mounting plate 206 to move up and down. The second stepper motor 208 is mounted on the upper support plate 209 via the second motor mounting plate 207. By driving the second stepper motor 208, the rotation of the upper lens mounting plate 206 can be achieved. The specific rotation principle can be found in [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 .like Figure 4As shown, the motor output shaft 214 is connected to the upper lens mounting plate 206 via screws. The first deep groove ball bearing 216 and the second deep groove ball bearing 218 provide rotational support for the input shaft of the upper lens mounting plate 206, while the elastic retaining ring 215 and the positioning bushing 217 provide axial positioning for the upper lens mounting plate 206. By driving the second stepper motor 208, the upper lens mounting plate 206 can be smoothly and precisely rotated and output, thereby enabling the switching and positioning of different lenses on the upper lens mounting plate 206. Therefore, by controlling the first stepper motor 203, the up-and-down movement of the lens on the upper lens mounting plate 206 can be achieved; through feedback from the second distance sensor 319 mounted on the lower support plate 316, precise positioning of the up-and-down position of the lens on the upper lens mounting plate 206 can be achieved. By controlling the second stepper motor 208, the rotational switching of the lens on the upper lens mounting plate 206 can be achieved.

[0090] like Figures 5-7 The diagram shows the upper lens mounting plate and its lens assembly structure. The upper lens mounting plate 206 mounts four lenses via threaded connections: a rectangular flat-top spot upper lens 210, a circular flat-top spot upper lens 211, a square flat-top spot upper lens 212, and a Gaussian spot upper lens 213. The rectangular flat-top spot upper lens 210 internally has a set of lenses secured by snap-fit ​​mechanisms, including a first focusing lens 210-1 and a first collimating lens 210-2. These lenses are used to focus and compress the collimated light output from the laser head 4 and then re-collimate it, facilitating the subsequent shaping of the rectangular flat-top laser spot 10 by the lower lens. The circular flat-top spot upper lens 211 internally has a set of lenses secured by snap-fit ​​mechanisms, including a second focusing lens 211-1 and a second collimating lens 211-2. These lenses are used to focus and compress the collimated light output from the laser head 4 and then re-collimate it, facilitating the subsequent shaping of the circular flat-top laser spot 8 by the lower lens. The square flat-top laser beam upper lens 212 includes a third focusing lens 212-1 and a third collimating lens 212-2, which are used to focus and compress the collimated light output from the laser head 4 and then collimate it again, facilitating the subsequent shaping of the square flat-top laser beam 9 by the lower lens. The Gaussian beam upper lens 213 is fitted with a fourth focusing lens 213-1 via a clip, which can focus the collimated light output from the laser head 4 to form a Gaussian laser beam 7.

[0091] The lower lens switching component 3 includes a lower lens mounting plate 308, a third driving device, and a fourth driving device. A plurality of lenses are disposed on the lower lens mounting plate 308. The third driving device is used to drive the lower lens switching component 3 to move up and down, and the fourth driving device is used to drive the lower lens mounting plate 308 to rotate to achieve lens switching.

[0092] In this invention, the lower lens switching component 3 includes:

[0093] The lower support plate 316 and the middle support plate 318 together form the installation frame.

[0094] The third driving device is mounted on the intermediate support plate 318.

[0095] The fourth driving device is mounted on the lower support plate 316. The third and fourth driving devices are preferably a third stepper motor 305 and a fourth stepper motor 310.

[0096] The second gear 304 is connected to the output end of the third drive device;

[0097] The second rack 301 is fixed to the lower support plate 316;

[0098] The second guide rail 306 is fixed on the intermediate support plate 318;

[0099] The second slider 307 is disposed on the lower support plate 316 and is slidably connected to the second guide rail 306.

[0100] In this invention, the lower lens switching component 3 further includes a first distance sensor 302 mounted on the intermediate support plate 318, which is used to provide feedback on the position of the lower lens switching component 3 and achieve precise position control.

[0101] In this invention, the lower lens mounting plate 308 is equipped with a Gaussian spot lower lens 311, a rectangular flat-top spot lower lens 312, a circular flat-top spot lower lens 313, and a square flat-top spot lower lens 314.

[0102] In this invention, the lower Gaussian spot lens 311 is an empty lens, which does not contain any lenses. Together with the upper Gaussian spot lens 213, it achieves the output of the final Gaussian type laser spot 7.

[0103] The rectangular flat-top light spot lower lens 312 includes a first shaping lens 312-1 and a second shaping lens 312-2, which shapes the laser beam from the rectangular flat-top light spot upper lens 210 and finally outputs the required rectangular flat-top type laser light spot 10.

[0104] The circular flat-top laser beam lower lens 313 includes a third shaping lens 313-1 and a fourth shaping lens 313-2, which shape the laser beam from the circular flat-top laser beam upper lens 211 and finally output the required circular flat-top laser beam 8.

[0105] The lower lens 314 of the square flat-top spot includes a fifth shaping lens 314-1 and a sixth shaping lens 314-2, which shape the laser beam from the upper lens 212 of the square flat-top spot, and finally output the required square flat-top type laser spot 9.

[0106] like Figure 8 As shown, the present invention exemplarily provides a preferred embodiment of a lower lens switching component, specifically:

[0107] The third stepper motor 305 is fixed to the intermediate support plate 318 via the third motor mounting plate 303. The output shaft of the third stepper motor 305 is connected to the second gear 304, which engages with the second rack 301. The second rack 301 is fixed to the lower support plate 316 with screws. The second slider 307 is fixed to the lower support plate 316 via the second slider mounting seat 315, and engages with the second guide rail 306 for vertical movement. The second guide rail 306 is fixed to the second slide rail mounting seat 317 with screws, and the second slide rail mounting seat 317 is fixed to the intermediate support plate 318 with bolts. The fourth stepper motor 310 is fixed to the lower support plate 316 via the fourth motor mounting plate 309. The output shaft of the fourth stepper motor 310 is connected to the lower lens mounting plate 308, which holds four lower lenses. The connection and transmission mechanism between the fourth stepper motor 310 and the lower lens mounting plate is the same as that between the second stepper motor 208 and the upper lens mounting plate 206. Driving the fourth stepper motor 310 enables the rotation of the lower lens mounting plate 308, thereby switching the rotation of the lower lens. Driving the third stepper motor 305 drives the second gear 304 and the second rack 301 to mesh, which in turn drives the second slider 307 to move up and down along the second guide rail 306, ultimately achieving the up and down movement of the lower lens on the lower lens mounting plate 308. Precise position control of the lower lens's up and down movement is achieved through distance feedback from the first distance sensor 302 mounted on the intermediate support plate 318.

[0108] The third stepper motor 305 drives the second gear 304, which meshes with the second rack 301, to rotate, thereby causing the second slider 307 to move along the second slide rail 306, and in turn causing the lower support plate 316 to move up and down along the second guide rail 306; the first distance sensor 302 provides feedback on the position, enabling precise control.

[0109] The fourth stepper motor 310 drives the lower lens mounting plate 308 to rotate, switching the target lower lens to directly below the upper lens. Each lower lens shapes the pre-processed beam.

[0110] like Figures 9-11As shown, four lower lenses are threadedly mounted on the lower lens mounting plate 308, namely a Gaussian spot lower lens 311, a rectangular flat-top spot lower lens 312, a circular flat-top spot lower lens 313, and a square flat-top spot lower lens 314. The Gaussian spot lower lens 311 is an empty lens, without any internal lenses, and works in conjunction with the Gaussian spot upper lens 213 to achieve the final output of the Gaussian type laser spot 7. The other three sets are flat-top beam shaping lenses, with two sets of Galilean-type shaping lenses fixed internally by clips, used to shape the Gaussian beam into different flat-top type laser spots. The rectangular flat-top spot lower lens 312 includes a first shaping lens 312-1 and a second shaping lens 312-2, which shapes the laser beam from the rectangular flat-top spot upper lens 210, and finally outputs the required rectangular flat-top type laser spot 10. The circular flat-top laser beam lower lens 313 includes a third shaping lens 313-1 and a fourth shaping lens 313-2, which shape the laser beam from the circular flat-top laser beam upper lens 211, ultimately outputting the desired circular flat-top type laser beam 8. The square flat-top laser beam lower lens 314 includes a fifth shaping lens 314-1 and a sixth shaping lens 314-2, which shape the laser beam from the square flat-top laser beam upper lens 212, ultimately outputting the desired square flat-top type laser beam 9.

[0111] The laser head 4 is mounted and positioned on the lower lens switching component 3. The laser head 4 (containing a fourth collimating lens 401) is preferably mounted and positioned on the intermediate support plate 318 of the lower lens switching component 3 via a clamping block 6. The laser head 4 is used to receive a laser source and output a collimated beam through the fourth collimating lens 401, providing a basis for spot processing.

[0112] The QBH connector 5 is used to connect the laser source output by the laser to the laser head 4. That is, one end is connected to the laser output, and the other end is connected to the laser head 4 to transmit the laser source to the laser head 4.

[0113] The control device is used to control the first drive device, the second drive device, the third drive device and the fourth drive device to achieve automatic switching and position adjustment of the lens.

[0114] This invention also includes:

[0115] Mounting bracket 1 is connected to the lower lens switching component 3 and is used for assembly with the laser processing end-effector mechanical components. Mounting bracket 1 is preferably fixedly connected to the intermediate support plate 318 of the lower lens switching component 3 by bolts. This multi-type laser spot automatic switching and output device can be flexibly assembled with the laser processing end-effector mechanical components via mounting bracket 1, thereby enabling its application in different laser processing scenarios and achieving rapid adaptation of the device to various scenarios.

[0116] The method of using this invention is as follows:

[0117] To achieve the required coordination between the upper and lower lens assemblies, the second stepper motor 208 is first controlled to precisely rotate the upper lens mounting plate 206, positioning the upper lens directly below the laser head 4 to ensure that the laser emitted from the laser head 4 passes through the center of the upper lens. Next, the first stepper motor 203 is controlled to precisely move the upper lens up and down to the desired position. After the upper lens is positioned, the fourth stepper motor 310 is controlled to precisely rotate the lower lens mounting plate 308, positioning the lower lens directly below the laser head 4 to ensure that the laser emitted from the upper lens passes through the center of the lower lens. Finally, the third stepper motor 305 is controlled to precisely move the lower lens up and down to the desired position.

[0118] In summary, the automatic switching and output device for multiple types of laser spots provided by the present invention has the following technical advantages:

[0119] (1) Automatic switching of multiple spot types, no need to replace the laser head

[0120] This invention includes an upper lens switching component 2, comprising a rotatable upper lens mounting plate 206, housing four upper lenses with different functions; and a lower lens switching component 3, comprising a rotatable lower lens mounting plate 308, housing four lower lenses with different functions. A stepper motor drives the lens mounting plate to rotate, enabling precise switching between different lens combinations, such as a Gaussian spot upper lens 213 + a Gaussian spot lower lens 311, or a circular flat-top spot upper lens 211 + a circular flat-top spot lower lens 313, etc. The laser head 4 is fixed to the device, allowing it to adapt to the output requirements of all spot types without replacement. This solves the technical problem of existing laser heads having only one type of output spot, enabling real-time automatic switching between Gaussian laser spots and various flat-top laser spots such as circles, squares, and rectangles without replacing the laser head.

[0121] (2) Precise control and positioning to ensure the accuracy of light spot output.

[0122] The upper lens switching component 2 drives the structure of the first gear 204, the first rack 202, the first slider 220 and the first guide rail 201 through the first stepper motor 203 to realize the up and down movement of the upper lens, and achieves precise up and down positioning of the upper lens through displacement feedback from the second distance sensor 319; the second stepper motor 208 drives the upper lens mounting plate 206 to rotate, and the rotation coaxiality is ensured by components such as deep groove ball bearings and positioning bushings.

[0123] The lower lens switching component 3 uses a third stepper motor 305 to drive a structure consisting of a second gear 304, a second rack 301, a second slider 307, and a second guide rail 306. Combined with displacement feedback from the first distance sensor 302, this achieves precise vertical positioning of the lower lens. A fourth stepper motor 310 drives the lower lens mounting plate 308 to rotate; the transmission structure is identical to that of the upper lens switching component, ensuring rotational accuracy. All lenses are fixed via threaded connections, ensuring stable positioning and preventing light spot shift. Precise control of lens parameters such as focal length and working distance allows for stable output of different light spot types.

[0124] (3) Strong lens expansion capability to meet diverse needs

[0125] Both the upper lens mounting plate 206 and the lower lens mounting plate 308 use threaded connections to secure the lens. This design is not limited to the four lenses illustrated in the example; the number and type of lenses can be increased as needed. This significantly improves the expandability of the lens mounting plates, allowing for the mounting of more lenses and supporting a wider variety of laser spot types.

[0126] (4) High applicability, adaptable to various processing scenarios

[0127] The device is fixedly connected to the intermediate support plate 318 of the lower lens switching component 3 via the mounting bracket 1. The mounting bracket 1 can be flexibly assembled with the mechanical components at the laser processing end, adapting to various scenarios such as welding, surface treatment, and auxiliary processing. It can be flexibly assembled to various laser processing ends and applied to different laser processing processes.

[0128] (5) High level of automation, improving processing efficiency

[0129] The movement and rotation of the upper and lower lenses are driven by stepper motors. The motor control can be automated through preset program codes in the control device, eliminating the need for manual adjustment of the lens positions. Lens switching can be completed automatically according to the preset program, reducing manual intervention and improving processing efficiency.

[0130] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and thoroughly described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0131] Example 1

[0132] Figure 12This diagram illustrates the device structure and optical path principle of one embodiment of the present invention for generating a Gaussian-type laser spot. When a Gaussian-type laser spot needs to be output, the second stepper motor 208 drives the upper lens mounting plate 206 to rotate precisely, thereby positioning the upper lens 213 of the Gaussian spot directly below the laser head 4. Based on the required focal length, the upper and lower positions of the upper lens 213 of the Gaussian spot are precisely positioned by adjusting the first stepper motor 203 in conjunction with the displacement feedback from the second distance sensor 319. The lower lens 311 of the Gaussian spot is rotated to directly below the upper lens 213 of the Gaussian spot by adjusting the fourth stepper motor 310. At this time, the fourth collimating lens 401 and the fourth focusing lens 213-1 are coaxial. As shown in the specific optical path principle, the fourth collimating lens 401 collimates the laser beam, causing the laser beam to illuminate the fourth focusing lens 213-1 in parallel. Then, the fourth focusing lens 213-1 focuses the collimated laser beam, thereby generating the desired circular Gaussian-type laser spot 7. The size of this light spot can be adjusted by changing the distance between the lens 311 under the Gaussian light spot and the surface of the laser-processed workpiece.

[0133] Example 2

[0134] Figure 13This document illustrates the device structure and optical path diagram of an embodiment of the present invention for generating a circular flat-top laser spot. When switching from a Gaussian laser spot 7 to a circular flat-top laser spot 8, the second stepper motor 208 is first controlled to rotate the upper lens 211 of the circular flat-top laser spot directly below the laser head 4. Then, based on the required focal length, the upper and lower positions of the upper lens 211 are precisely positioned by adjusting the first stepper motor 203. The lower lens 313 of the circular flat-top laser spot is then rotated and positioned directly below the upper lens 211 by controlling the fourth stepper motor 310, ensuring that the lower lens 313 and the upper lens 211 are coaxial. Finally, the lower stepper motor 305 is adjusted, combined with displacement feedback from the first distance sensor 302, to precisely position the lower lens 313, thereby achieving the output of the circular flat-top laser spot 8. At this point, as shown in the specific optical path principle, the laser beam output from the laser head 4 is first collimated by the fourth collimating lens 401, thus outputting a parallel beam with a relatively large spot size. This beam is then focused by the second focusing lens 211-1, forming a Gaussian focused beam with a smaller spot size. This beam is then collimated by the second collimating lens 211-2, further outputting a parallel beam with a smaller spot size and Gaussian distribution characteristics from the circular flat-top spot lens 211. This beam is then shaped by the third shaping lens 313-1, which homogenizes the Gaussian distribution characteristics of the parallel beam. When the laser beam reaches the fourth shaping lens 313-2, the beam has already been transformed into a uniformly distributed laser beam. This beam is then further shaped by the fourth shaping lens 313-2, ultimately forming the desired circular flat-top laser spot 8. The adjustment steps required for square flat-top laser spot 9 and rectangular flat-top laser spot 10 are the same as those required for circular flat-top laser spot 8, except that the upper and lower lens groups are different, thus outputting flat-top laser spots of different shapes.

[0135] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-type laser spot automatic switching and output device, characterized in that, include: The upper lens switching component includes an upper lens mounting plate, a first drive device, and a second drive device; The upper lens mounting plate is provided with a plurality of lenses. The first driving device is used to drive the upper lens switching component to move up and down, and the second driving device is used to drive the upper lens mounting plate to rotate to achieve lens switching. The lower lens switching component includes a lower lens mounting plate, a third driving device, and a fourth driving device; the lower lens mounting plate is provided with a plurality of lenses, the third driving device is used to drive the lower lens switching component to move up and down, and the fourth driving device is used to drive the lower lens mounting plate to rotate to achieve lens switching. The laser head is mounted and positioned on the lower lens switching component; A QBH connector is used to connect the laser source output by the laser to the laser head; A control device is used to control the first drive device, the second drive device, the third drive device and the fourth drive device to achieve automatic switching and position adjustment of the lens; The upper lens switching component includes: Upper support plate; The first driving device and the second driving device are both mounted on the upper support plate; The first gear is connected to the output end of the first drive device; The first rack is fixed to the lower support plate of the lower lens switching component; The first guide rail is fixed to the lower support plate of the lower lens switching component; The first slider is disposed on the upper support plate and is slidably connected to the first guide rail; The lower lens switching component includes: The lower support plate and the middle support plate constitute the installation frame; The third driving device is mounted on the intermediate support plate; The fourth driving device is disposed on the lower support plate; The second gear is connected to the output end of the third drive device; The second rack is fixed to the lower support plate; The second guide rail is fixed to the intermediate support plate; The second slider is disposed on the lower support plate and is slidably connected to the second guide rail.

2. The automatic switching and output device for multiple types of laser spots according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper lens switching component also includes: The first deep groove ball bearing and the second deep groove ball bearing are used to provide rotational support for the input shaft of the upper lens mounting plate; The elastic retaining ring and the positioning bushing are used to achieve axial positioning of the upper lens mounting plate.

3. The automatic switching and output device for multiple types of laser spots according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper lens mounting plate is equipped with a rectangular flat-top light spot upper lens, a circular flat-top light spot upper lens, a square flat-top light spot upper lens, and a Gaussian light spot upper lens.

4. The automatic switching and output device for multiple types of laser spots according to claim 3, characterized in that, The rectangular flat-top light spot upper lens includes a first focusing lens and a first collimating lens, which are used to focus and compress the collimated light output by the laser head and then collimate it again. The circular flat-top light spot upper lens includes a second focusing lens and a second collimating lens, which are used to focus and compress the collimated light output by the laser head and then collimate it again. The square flat-top light spot lens includes a third focusing lens and a third collimating lens, which are used to focus and compress the collimated light output by the laser head and then collimate it again. The Gaussian spot lens includes a fourth focusing lens, which is used to focus the collimated light output from the laser head to form a Gaussian type laser spot.

5. The automatic switching and output device for multiple types of laser spots according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower lens switching component also includes a first distance sensor mounted on the intermediate support plate, which is used to provide feedback on the position of the lower lens switching component and achieve precise position control.

6. The automatic switching and output device for multiple types of laser spots according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lower lens mounting plate is equipped with a Gaussian spot lower lens, a rectangular flat-top spot lower lens, a circular flat-top spot lower lens, and a square flat-top spot lower lens.

7. The automatic switching and output device for multiple types of laser spots according to claim 6, characterized in that, The lower Gaussian spot lens is an empty lens, which does not contain any lenses. Together with the upper Gaussian spot lens, it achieves the final output of a Gaussian type laser spot. The lower lens of the rectangular flat-top spot includes a first shaping lens and a second shaping lens, which shape the laser beam from the upper lens of the rectangular flat-top spot and finally output the required rectangular flat-top type laser spot. The lower lens of the circular flat-top spot includes a third shaping lens and a fourth shaping lens, which shape the laser beam from the upper lens of the circular flat-top spot and finally output the required circular flat-top type laser spot. The lower lens of the square flat-top spot includes a fifth shaping lens and a sixth shaping lens, which shape the laser beam from the upper lens of the square flat-top spot, and finally output the required square flat-top type laser spot.

8. A multi-type laser spot automatic switching and output device according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Also includes: The mounting bracket is connected to the lower lens switching component and is used for assembly with the mechanical components at the end of the laser processing, adapting to different laser processing scenarios.

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