Construction method of a pasture extreme temperature difference-oriented dwelling wall

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of prairie extreme temperature difference-oriented pastoral wall construction method, it is related to wall construction technical field, including the following steps: carrying out wall thermal and crack resistance index design;Foundation wall and skeleton system construction construction;Between keel sequentially fill turf layer, straw layer and insulation board, form ternary composite heat insulation layer;Carrying out crack resistance mortar and mesh cloth construction;Carrying out the construction of air and moisture permeable layer;Carrying out the construction of outer finish;Carrying out the construction of inner finish;Door and window hole, external corner, the node of wall and foundation junction carries out heat bridge cutting and flexible transition construction.The application is by constructing hierarchical slip node skeleton system that adapts to prairie temperature difference deformation, forms turf-straw-insulation board ternary composite heat insulation layer, and is supplemented with crack resistance mortar protective layer, air and moisture permeable layer and micro-ventilation cavity structure, so that wall keeps the characteristics of high thermal resistance, strong structural stability, internal water vapor controllable dispersion under extreme temperature difference, strong wind and dry-wet cycle conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wall construction technology, specifically a method for constructing walls for pastoral dwellings in response to extreme temperature differences on grasslands. Background Technology

[0002] In some grassland areas, winters are harsh with extreme diurnal temperature variations, with typical winter lows reaching around -40°C. This is accompanied by high wind speeds, dry air, and significant diurnal temperature cycles, causing the exterior walls of pastoral buildings to constantly experience repeated cycles of freezing-thawing and freezing, and heat-cold-heat. Traditional pastoral dwellings are mostly brick-concrete structures or simple insulation layers, resulting in low thermal resistance and insufficient overall structural thermal stability. Especially when diurnal temperature differences exceed 20°C, a severe temperature gradient easily forms between the surface and inner layers of the exterior walls, leading to uneven thermal stress and causing cracking, delamination, and bulging. Furthermore, traditional external insulation systems typically use single insulation boards or thin insulating mortar, which have weak resistance to wind erosion and temperature fatigue, making them highly susceptible to localized damage under prolonged exposure to strong grassland winds. In addition, since most existing technologies are rigid connection structures, the outer and inner layers of the wall cannot independently release deformation during temperature difference deformation. Once extreme temperature changes occur, thermal stress is easily concentrated in the finishing layer, crack-resistant layer, or insulation board interface area, causing continuous cracks and leading to insulation failure.

[0003] On the other hand, the seasonal humidity fluctuations in grassland areas are significant. Traditional external wall insulation structures generally lack systematic moisture-permeable and breathable designs, often resulting in problems such as dampness, mold growth, and thermal resistance reduction in the insulation material due to internal condensation retention. Because these walls do not consider the moisture transfer path within the insulation layer and lack natural moisture-wicking mechanisms adapted to the grassland climate, the inner layer of the wall repeatedly experiences cycles of condensation and drying under alternating extreme dry and cold environments and short periods of warming, causing a continuous decline in the mechanical properties and durability of the insulation system. Furthermore, traditional pastoral buildings rarely utilize locally available renewable ecological materials such as turf and straw, resulting in wall structures that are both incompatible with the grassland environment and fail to utilize the excellent thermal insulation, moisture permeability, and thermal inertia properties of these materials.

[0004] The existing exterior wall system lacks a structural deformation coordination mechanism to cope with the extreme temperature difference in grasslands. It still uses a rigid frame and rigid finish, which cannot effectively disperse the stress of thermal expansion and contraction. This leads to problems such as cracks, finish peeling, and insulation layer misalignment during repeated temperature cycles, and the thermal performance is prone to decline in a short period of time.

[0005] Existing insulation systems generally ignore the typical low-humidity-high-humidity alternation conditions in grassland areas and the surface wind pressure difference effect caused by strong winds. They lack a moisture permeability and dehumidification system, which leads to the common problem of condensation inside the walls. This causes the insulation layer to become damp and fail, and reduces its freeze-thaw resistance, seriously affecting the building's lifespan and living comfort. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a construction method for pastoral dwelling walls designed for extreme temperature differences in grasslands, thereby resolving the problems mentioned in the background section.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] This invention provides a construction method for pastoral dwelling walls designed for extreme temperature variations in grasslands, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1. Design the thermal and crack resistance indicators of the wall based on the diurnal temperature difference and wind environment of the grassland.

[0010] S2. Carry out the construction of the basic wall and frame system, and add graded sliding nodes between the vertical keel and the basic wall;

[0011] S3. Fill the spaces between the keel with a layer of turf, a layer of straw and an insulation board in sequence to form a ternary composite insulation layer;

[0012] S4. Apply crack-resistant mortar and mesh fabric, using two layers of crack-resistant mortar and one layer of mesh fabric to form a crack-resistant protective layer.

[0013] S5. Construct a breathable and moisture-permeable layer by fully applying a waterproof and breathable membrane to the surface of the crack-resistant protective layer.

[0014] S6. Carry out the exterior finishing work, and select color-coated metal plates, imitation felt texture composite panels or high weather-resistant panels as the exterior finishing work.

[0015] S7. Carry out interior surface construction and fill the interior wall cavities;

[0016] S8. Perform thermal bridging and flexible transition construction on door and window openings, external corners, and joints where walls connect to the foundation.

[0017] To further optimize this technical solution, the construction of adding a graded sliding node in step S2 includes:

[0018] A vertical and horizontal keel framework system is installed on the outside of the foundation wall using expansion bolts or chemical anchors; a fixed connection node is set in the middle of the foundation wall, that is, the vertical keel is rigidly connected to the wall surface by expansion bolts or chemical anchors; a sliding node with an elongated hole is set at the top and bottom of the vertical keel, and a polytetrafluoroethylene gasket is added between the connecting bolt and the vertical keel to allow the vertical keel to slide 1-3mm relative to the wall when there is slight expansion and contraction deformation caused by temperature difference.

[0019] To further optimize this technical solution, in step S3, the insulation board is installed on the inner side of the keel, close to the foundation wall. The insulation board is selected from rock wool board, glass wool board, rigid polyurethane board or phenolic insulation board, with its volume density controlled at 120-160 kg / m³ and its thickness at 80-120 mm. The board joints are laid in a staggered manner, and the gaps between the boards are filled with the same type of insulation cotton strips or foamed polyurethane.

[0020] To further optimize this technical solution, in step S3, the straw layer is installed on the outside of the insulation board. Wheat straw, barley straw, or other common grassland straw that have been treated for mildew prevention, insect prevention, and fire prevention are woven into straw felt or prefabricated straw boards with a thickness of 20-40mm and fixed to the outside of the keel by binding straps or clips.

[0021] To further optimize this technical solution, in step S3, the turf layer is installed on the outside of the straw layer. The turf is local turf that has been rooted and is cut and reinforced on the back to form a turf board with a thickness of 80-150mm.

[0022] First, the turf is fixed to the surface of the permeable base fabric or lightweight board to form a modular turf board. Then, it is connected to the keel through the hanger. A small cavity of 10-20mm is left between the turf layer and the straw layer to regulate humidity and promote water vapor diffusion.

[0023] To further optimize this technical solution, step S4, the construction of the crack-resistant protective layer, includes:

[0024] The outer surface of the turf layer is leveled and an interface agent is sprayed onto the outer surface.

[0025] After the interface agent has initially set, the first layer of crack-resistant mortar leveling layer is applied, with a thickness controlled at 3-5 mm.

[0026] Before the first layer of mortar has fully hardened, lay the alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh on top. The overlap width between adjacent rolls of mesh should not be less than 100mm. Add diagonal reinforcing mesh at the corners of the wall and the four corners of the door and window openings.

[0027] After the first layer of mortar and mesh cloth has initially set, apply a second layer of crack-resistant mortar leveling layer on its surface to make the total thickness reach 5-8mm, forming a crack-resistant protective layer.

[0028] To further optimize this technical solution, in step S5, the waterproof and breathable membrane is fixed by a combination of double-sided tape and pressure strip during construction. At the joints and overlaps, it is overlapped in a way that follows the water flow, with an overlap width of not less than 100mm, and the edges are sealed with special tape.

[0029] On the outside of the waterproof and breathable membrane, a micro-ventilation cavity with a thickness of 20-30mm is formed by secondary keel or wooden strips. Air inlet and exhaust gaps are reserved at the bottom and top of the cavity, respectively. The bottom gap is 10-15mm high, and the top gap is increased to 15-20mm high. Metal strips or plastic grilles with insect-proof nets are installed at the gaps.

[0030] To further optimize this technical solution, step S6, the construction of the exterior finish, includes:

[0031] Vertical or horizontal keels are laid on the outside of the micro-ventilation cavity to serve as the direct fixing base for the decorative panel;

[0032] The installation adopts a staggered arrangement, and each decorative panel is connected to the keel by self-tapping screws or special clips. Weather-resistant sealing strips or flexible caulking materials are installed between the panel seams.

[0033] In areas with concentrated wind pressure and strong vortices around roof corners, eaves, and door and window openings, structural reinforcement is achieved by increasing the number of fixing points, installing corner metal guards, and adding local reinforcing keels.

[0034] To further optimize this technical solution, in step S7, the reserved thickness of the inner wall cavity is 40-60mm, which is used to arrange electrical wiring and heating pipes, and at the same time, a certain amount of lightweight insulation material or phase change energy storage material is filled in.

[0035] To further optimize this technical solution, in step S8:

[0036] At the door and window openings, first attach high-density insulation strips or rigid insulation board frames to the edges of the foundation masonry around the openings, with the thickness matching the external wall insulation layer;

[0037] Install metal corner protectors or reinforced corner protectors at the external corners of the wall;

[0038] A vertical moisture barrier and insulated skirting board are installed at the connection between the wall and the foundation to control thermal bridging.

[0039] Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides a construction method for pastoral dwelling walls that addresses extreme temperature differences in grasslands, offering the following advantages:

[0040] This construction method for pastoral dwelling walls, designed to withstand extreme temperature variations on grasslands, utilizes a tiered sliding node framework system adapted to the temperature deformation of the grasslands. It forms a ternary composite insulation layer of turf, straw, and insulation board, supplemented by a crack-resistant mortar protective layer, a breathable and moisture-permeable layer, and a micro-ventilation cavity structure. This allows the walls to maintain high thermal resistance, strong structural stability, and controlled internal moisture dissipation under extreme temperature differences, strong winds, and wet-dry cycles. This system not only significantly improves the walls' crack resistance, freeze-thaw resistance, wind erosion resistance, and insulation performance, but also utilizes local grassland materials to achieve an ecological construction. This ensures that pastoral dwellings maintain safe, durable, and comfortable living performance in harsh climatic environments over the long term, with overall technical effects far superior to existing traditional brick-concrete insulation systems. Attached Figure Description

[0041] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the construction method for pastoral dwelling walls that addresses extreme temperature differences in grasslands, as proposed in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0045] Secondly, the term "an embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single embodiment or an embodiment selectively excluded from other embodiments.

[0046] Example: Refer to Figure 1 The construction method for the walls of pastoral dwellings, which are designed to withstand extreme temperature differences on grasslands, includes the following steps:

[0047] S1. Design the thermal and crack resistance indicators of the wall based on the diurnal temperature difference and wind environment of the grassland.

[0048] Before construction begins, meteorological data from the grassland region where the pasture is located over the past 10 years will be used to compile statistics on the annual average daily temperature range, the diurnal temperature range under the most unfavorable working conditions, the extreme minimum temperature, and the prevailing wind direction and speed. The construction unit can use data from the local meteorological station or a specialized climate report provided by the design unit, using quantitative parameters such as the extreme minimum temperature in winter, the maximum temperature in summer, and the typical diurnal temperature range as design inputs.

[0049] Based on this, the target heat transfer coefficient and equivalent thermal resistance are determined. For the extreme temperature differences in grasslands, this method can control the heat transfer coefficient of the exterior wall to below 0.25 W / (m²·K), which corresponds to an equivalent thermal resistance ≥4.0 (m²·K) / W. Simultaneously, a temperature gradient control index between the wall surface and inner layer is introduced. This is achieved through thermal simulation, ensuring that the temperature difference between the exterior wall finish and the neutral temperature layer does not exceed a set value (e.g., 15℃) during sudden cooling at night, thereby reducing thermal stress between the surface and inner layers.

[0050] To ensure crack resistance, this method also pre-calculates the temperature strain range of the wall based on the wall height, bay dimensions, and potential thermal stress, and converts the temperature strain into horizontal and vertical crack resistance control indicators. For example, for single-story pastoral dwellings, when the exterior wall length is greater than 6-8m, expansion joints or joint structures must be reserved in the design to ensure controllable thermal deformation.

[0051] S2. Construct the basic wall and frame system, and add graded sliding nodes between the vertical keel and the basic wall to reduce the stress concentration of the overall wall surface caused by temperature difference.

[0052] The choice of foundation wall materials should be based on the structural form of the pastoral dwelling. Standard sintered porous brick masonry, aerated concrete blocks, and lightweight aggregate concrete small hollow blocks can be used as the main load-bearing or enclosure materials. During construction, the mortar strength grade is usually not lower than M5. In grassland areas, a small amount of micro-expansion agent can be added to reduce the risk of shrinkage cracking.

[0053] A vertical and horizontal keel framework system is installed on the outer side of the foundation wall using expansion bolts or chemical anchors. The keel here uses hot-dip galvanized light steel keel or I-shaped cold-formed thin-walled steel components, with vertical spacing controlled at 400–600 mm and horizontal spacing controlled at 600–1000 mm. Unlike traditional fixed keels, this method adds graded sliding nodes between the vertical keel and the foundation wall: a fixed connection node is set in the middle of the foundation wall, where the vertical keel is rigidly connected to the wall surface using expansion bolts or chemical anchors; sliding nodes with elongated holes are set at the top and bottom of the vertical keel, and polytetrafluoroethylene gaskets are added between the connecting bolts and the vertical keel, allowing the vertical keel to slide 1–3 mm relative to the wall during minor expansion and contraction caused by temperature differences.

[0054] Through this graded sliding design, the base wall and subsequent layers no longer form a completely rigid whole, thereby reducing the risk of concentrated transfer of thermal stress to the exterior finish and insulation layer, and reducing cracking or local bulging of the finish layer.

[0055] S3. A layer of turf, a layer of straw, and an insulation board are sequentially filled between the keel to form a ternary composite insulation layer. This structure combines the abundant local turf and straw resources with modern insulation materials to form a core wall layer that not only conforms to ethnic living habits but also has high thermal resistance and sustainability.

[0056] The insulation board is installed on the inside of the keel, close to the side of the foundation wall. The insulation board is made of rock wool board, glass wool board, rigid polyurethane board or phenolic insulation board. Its bulk density is controlled at 120-160kg / m³ and its thickness is 80-120mm. The board joints are laid in a staggered manner. The gaps between the boards are filled with the same type of insulation cotton strip or foamed polyurethane to avoid the formation of through thermal bridges.

[0057] The straw layer is installed on the outside of the insulation board. It is made of wheat straw, barley straw, or other common grassland straw that has been treated for mildew, insect, and fire resistance. The straw is woven into straw felt or prefabricated straw boards with a thickness of 20-40mm and fixed to the outside of the keel with binding straps or clips. The straw layer serves two purposes: firstly, it forms a porous fiber insulation layer, increasing the thermal resistance and thermal inertia of the wall surface; secondly, its porous structure can buffer certain temperature fluctuations, so that the surface temperature rises slowly during the day and the temperature drops sharply at night in winter, which helps to reduce the temperature gradient between the surface and the inner layer.

[0058] The turf layer is installed on the outside of the straw layer. The turf used is locally sourced, already rooted turf, which is cut and reinforced on the back to form turf boards with a thickness of 80–150 mm. For ease of construction and maintenance, the turf is first fixed to the surface of a permeable base fabric or lightweight board to form modular turf panels, which are then connected to the joists using hangers. A 10–20 mm micro-cavity is left between the turf layer and the straw layer to regulate humidity and promote water vapor diffusion.

[0059] Compared with a single insulation board structure, this ternary composite insulation layer can form a wider temperature buffer zone under extreme temperature difference conditions. At the same time, the turf surface has good wind erosion resistance and ecological restoration ability, which can blend naturally with the surrounding grassland environment, reducing visual impact and surface reflectivity.

[0060] S4. Apply crack-resistant mortar and mesh fabric, using two layers of crack-resistant mortar and one layer of mesh fabric to form a crack-resistant protective layer.

[0061] The construction of the crack-resistant protective layer includes:

[0062] The outer surface of the turf layer is leveled, and an interface agent is sprayed on the outer surface to ensure that it fully penetrates into the soil layer on the turf surface by about 3-5mm, which can play a role in root fixation, preventing falling off, and improving the adhesion with the mortar layer.

[0063] After the interface agent has initially set, the first layer of crack-resistant mortar leveling layer is applied, with a thickness controlled at 3-5 mm.

[0064] Before the first layer of mortar has fully hardened, lay the alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh on top. The mesh should be laid flat and wrinkle-free, and fully saturated with the mortar layer. The overlap between adjacent rolls of mesh should be no less than 100mm. Add diagonal reinforcing mesh at wall corners, the four corners of door and window openings, etc., to reduce stress concentration.

[0065] After the first layer of mortar and mesh cloth has initially set, apply a second layer of crack-resistant mortar leveling layer on its surface to make the total thickness reach 5-8mm, forming a crack-resistant protective layer.

[0066] In the low-temperature and dry environment of grassland areas, after construction, covering with a moisture-retaining cloth and spraying for curing for no less than 7 days is necessary to prevent early shrinkage cracks. This structure of two layers of mortar and one layer of mesh cloth, working together with the inner ternary insulation structure, keeps the cracks under control on the outer surface of the wall under wind, sun, and severe temperature cycles. Even if micro-cracks appear, they are unlikely to penetrate to the insulation layer, thus improving overall durability and wind erosion resistance.

[0067] S5. Construct a breathable and moisture-permeable layer by fully applying a waterproof and breathable membrane to the surface of the crack-resistant protective layer.

[0068] During construction, the waterproof and breathable membrane is fixed using a combination of double-sided tape and pressure strips to ensure a tight fit between the membrane and the substrate without causing tensile damage. At joints and overlaps, a slope is used to overlap the membrane with a minimum overlap width of 100mm, and the edges are sealed with special tape to prevent rain and snow from seeping in.

[0069] On the outside of the waterproof and breathable membrane, micro-ventilation cavities with a thickness of 20-30mm are formed using secondary joists or wooden strips. Air inlet and outlet gaps are reserved at the bottom and top of the cavities, respectively. The bottom gap is 10-15mm high, and the top gap is increased to 15-20mm. Metal strips or plastic grilles with insect-proof netting are installed at the gaps to prevent insects and debris from entering. In grassland areas with strong winds, the micro-ventilation cavities utilize wind pressure and temperature differences to naturally create weak upward air convection, promptly carrying away water vapor discharged from the inside of the breathable membrane and maintaining a dry state.

[0070] To prevent the cavity from excessively weakening the insulation performance, this method controls the cavity thickness and opening area to maintain controlled ventilation. This means the cavity's ventilation volume is sufficient to remove moisture without creating strong convection that would cause significant heat loss. During extremely cold winter periods, adjustable baffles can be installed at the ventilation joints to appropriately reduce the ventilation cross-section, thus achieving a balance between insulation and moisture permeability. Compared to the traditional method of directly attaching a single waterproof membrane to the insulation layer, this method significantly reduces internal condensation and material aging under extreme temperature differences and strong winds.

[0071] S6. Carry out the exterior finishing work, and select color-coated metal plates, imitation felt texture composite panels or high weather-resistant panels as the exterior finishing.

[0072] Exterior finishing work includes:

[0073] Vertical or horizontal keels are laid on the outside of the micro-ventilation cavity to serve as the direct fixing base for the decorative panel.

[0074] The installation employs a staggered joint arrangement to reduce the sensitivity of continuous seams to wind pressure. Each decorative panel is connected to the keel by self-tapping screws or special clips, and weather-resistant sealing strips or flexible caulking materials are installed between the panels to prevent rain and snow from directly entering the ventilation cavity.

[0075] In areas of concentrated wind pressure and strong vortex around roof corners, eaves, and door and window openings, structural reinforcement is achieved by increasing the number of fixing points, installing corner metal protective plates, and adding locally reinforced joists. Particularly on the long wall sections facing the wind, back ribs or reinforcing bars are appropriately added to the decorative panels based on thermal calculations and structural verification results to prevent panel bulging and fatigue damage under repeated wind pressure. Through the above-mentioned exterior finishes and wind-resistant details, this method ensures that the pastoral dwelling retains the imagery of grassland culture while also guaranteeing long-term resistance to wind erosion and temperature fatigue.

[0076] S7. Carry out interior surface construction and fill the interior wall cavities.

[0077] The interior wall cavity has a reserved thickness of 40-60mm for the installation of electrical wiring and heating pipes, and is filled with a certain amount of lightweight insulation material or phase change energy storage material. For pastoral areas with large diurnal temperature differences in winter, phase change panels with a certain heat storage capacity can be selected, which absorb some of the heat generated by solar radiation and indoor heating during the day and release it slowly at night, reducing the temperature fluctuation range.

[0078] The interior finish uses gypsum board or fiber cement board as the base material, on which flexible putty is applied and then coated with low-VOC latex paint. The flexible putty can be infused with trace amounts of fibers and polymers to enhance adhesion to the base material and crack resistance. For frequently used areas inside the ranch, such as the family living room and livestock product processing area, a washable or stain-resistant coating can be added to the interior finish for easy daily cleaning.

[0079] S8. Perform thermal bridging and flexible transition construction on door and window openings, external corners, and joints where walls connect to the foundation.

[0080] Under extreme temperature conditions, thermal bridging is a major cause of localized condensation, cracking, and decreased insulation performance in walls. Specialized thermal bridging and flexible transition structures are employed at key locations such as door and window openings, external corners, and the connection between the wall and the foundation to maintain the continuity and thermal performance of the overall wall structure.

[0081] At door and window openings, firstly, high-density insulation strips or rigid insulation board frames are pasted along the edges of the foundation masonry around the opening. The gaps between the window frame and the wall are filled using a multi-layer caulking method: first, low-density insulation strips are filled, then polyurethane foam is used to seal the gaps, and finally, weather-resistant sealant is applied to both the interior and exterior sides. Diagonal reinforcing mesh is installed at the four corners of the opening, overlapping with the crack-resistant protective layer to prevent stress concentration-induced cracks.

[0082] At the external corners of the wall, a staggered overlapping design is used to ensure that the insulation layer continuously wraps around the corner without interruption. Metal corner guards or reinforced corner panels can be installed on the outer side of the corner to protect the finish from impact damage and to restrain the local structure, reducing corner cracks.

[0083] Thermal bridges at the junction of the wall and the foundation are controlled by installing a vertical moisture barrier and an insulated skirting board structure. Specifically, a horizontal moisture barrier is installed between the top of the foundation and the bottom of the wall, and the thickness of the ternary composite insulation layer is increased within 300-500mm above the ground along the bottom of the exterior wall, or an insulated mortar slope is used. At the same time, the exterior finish extends downward to cover the exposed part of the foundation, preventing cold from "climbing" into the interior of the wall from the foundation.

[0084] These thermal bridging and flexible transition measures have not been systematically applied in traditional pastoral dwellings. This method incorporates them into a unified construction process, forming a replicable standardized joint practice. This ensures that the overall wall structure will not fail due to a few weak points under extreme temperature differences, making it one of the most innovative details in this construction method.

[0085] In this embodiment, due to the low temperatures and strong winds in some grasslands during winter, this method proposes specific measures at the construction organization level that differ from those used in conventional urban construction. This step ensures that the materials of each layer of the wall can still achieve the design performance under adverse weather conditions by adjusting the construction sequence, material storage methods, and winter construction techniques.

[0086] In terms of construction sequence, priority should be given to processes less sensitive to temperature, such as foundation masonry, joist installation, and turf siding fixing. During the coldest periods, the amount of cement mortar and coatings used should be minimized. If necessary, winter construction formulas should be used, such as adding antifreeze agents or using low-temperature polymer mortar. During periods of particularly large diurnal temperature differences, exterior finishing and crack-resistant mortar application should be scheduled during daytime hours when temperatures are relatively high and wind speeds are low to prevent premature frost damage caused by sudden cooling of the newly applied mortar layer at night.

[0087] Regarding material storage, organic materials such as turf and straw should be stored in well-ventilated, dry sheds that are protected from rain and snow to prevent them from getting damp and freezing. Materials such as insulation boards, breathable membranes, and mesh fabrics should be protected from prolonged exposure to strong winds and ultraviolet rays to prevent aging.

[0088] For construction in low temperatures during winter, measures such as on-site heating, partial enclosure of construction areas, and zoned insulation are adopted. For example, when applying crack-resistant mortar, temporary insulation curtains and mobile hot air blowers can be used to construct local "warm sheds" to keep the surface temperature above 5°C, ensuring normal hydration and hardening of the mortar. Through these construction organization and winter construction measures adapted to the extreme climate of grasslands, this method further guarantees the reliability and long-term performance of the wall system from the perspective of the construction process.

[0089] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a wall for a prairie extreme temperature difference-oriented pasture dwelling, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: S1. Designing wall thermal engineering and anti-cracking indexes based on prairie diurnal temperature difference and wind environment; S2. Constructing base wall and skeleton system, and adding graded sliding nodes between vertical keels and base wall; The construction of adding graded sliding nodes comprises: Laying vertical and horizontal keel skeleton system outside the base wall through expansion bolts or chemical anchors; setting fixed connection nodes in the middle of the base wall, i.e. the vertical keel is rigidly connected to the wall surface through expansion bolts or chemical anchors; setting sliding nodes with long circular holes at the top and bottom of the vertical keel, and adding polytetrafluoroethylene gaskets between the connecting bolts and the vertical keel to allow the vertical keel to slide 1-3 mm relative to the wall when small expansion and deformation caused by temperature difference occurs; S3. Filling the grass layer, straw layer and insulation board between the keels in sequence to form a ternary composite insulation layer; The insulation board is installed on the side of the base wall close to the inside of the keel, and the insulation board is selected from rock wool board, glass wool board, rigid polyurethane board or phenolic insulation board, the bulk density is controlled at 120-160 kg / m³, the thickness is 80-120 mm, the board joints are laid with staggered joints, and the gaps between the boards are filled with the same type of insulation cotton or foamed polyurethane; The straw layer is installed on the outside of the insulation board, and is made of wheat straw, barley straw or other common straw in the prairie after being treated for mildew resistance, insect resistance and fire resistance, and is woven into straw mat or prefabricated straw board with a thickness of 20-40 mm and is fixed to the outside of the keel by binding belts or clamps; The grass layer is installed on the outside of the straw layer, and the grass is locally rooted grass after being cut and treated with back reinforcement to form a grass board with a thickness of 80-150 mm; First, the grass is fixed on the surface of the water-permeable base cloth or light board to form a modular grass hanging board, and then the hanging board is connected to the keel through the hanging piece, and a small cavity of 10-20 mm is reserved between the grass layer and the straw layer for adjusting humidity and promoting water vapor diffusion; S4. Construction of anti-cracking mortar and mesh cloth, using two layers of anti-cracking mortar and one layer of mesh cloth to form an anti-cracking protective layer; S5. Construction of air and moisture permeable layer, full of waterproof and air permeable film on the surface of the anti-cracking protective layer; S6. Construction of the outer finish, using color-coated metal plate, imitation felt house texture composite board or high weather resistance panel as the outer finish; S7. Construction of the inner finish, filling the inner wall cavity; S8. Construction of thermal bridge cutting and flexible transition for the nodes of door and window openings, external corners, wall and foundation connections.

2. The prairie extreme temperature facing wall construction method according to claim 1, wherein, In the step S4, the construction of the anti-cracking protective layer comprises: Flattening the outer surface of the grass layer and spraying an interface agent on the outer surface; After the interface agent is initially cured, the first anti-cracking mortar leveling layer is applied, with a thickness controlled at 3-5 mm; When the first mortar has not completely hardened, lay the alkali-resistant glass fiber mesh cloth thereon, with the overlapping width between adjacent rolls of the mesh cloth being not less than 100 mm, and adding diagonal reinforcing mesh at the positions of the corners of the wall, door and window openings; After the first mortar and the mesh cloth are initially cured, the second anti-cracking mortar leveling layer is applied on the surface thereof, so that the total thickness reaches 5-8 mm, forming the anti-cracking protective layer.

3. The prairie extreme temperature facing wall construction method according to claim 1, wherein, In the step S5, the waterproof vapor-permeable membrane is fixed by double-sided tape and batten combination during construction. In the plate joint and lap joint, the lap joint is arranged in the water slope way, the lap joint width is not less than 100 mm, and the special tape is used to seal the edge; On the outside of the waterproof vapor-permeable membrane, the micro-ventilation cavity with a thickness of 20-30 mm is formed by the secondary keel or wood strip, the air inlet and air outlet gaps are reserved at the bottom and top of the cavity respectively, the height of the bottom gap is 10-15 mm, the height of the top gap is increased to 15-20 mm, and the metal strip or plastic grid with insect screen is installed at the gap.

4. The prairie extreme temperature facing wall construction method according to claim 1, wherein, In the step S6, the construction of the outer facing surface includes: The vertical or horizontal keel is arranged outside the micro-ventilation cavity, which is used as the direct fixing base of the facing plate; The self-tapping screw or special buckle is used to connect the facing plate and the keel, and the weather-resistant sealing strip or flexible caulking material is arranged between the plate joints; In the wind pressure concentration and vortex strong area around the corner, eave, and door and window opening, the structure is reinforced by increasing the fixed points, setting the corner metal guard plate, and increasing the local reinforcing keel.

5. The prairie extreme temperature facing wall construction method according to claim 1, wherein, In the step S7, the thickness of the inner wall cavity is 40-60 mm, which is used to arrange the electrical pipeline and heating pipeline facilities, and fill a certain amount of light thermal insulation material or phase change energy storage material.

6. The construction method of a prairie extreme temperature difference-oriented residential wall according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the step S8: In the door and window opening part, the high-density thermal insulation strip or hard thermal insulation board frame is first pasted on the edge of the foundation masonry around the opening, and the thickness is matched with the outer wall insulation layer; The metal corner guard or enhanced corner guard plate is installed at the wall sun corner position; The vertical moisture-proof layer and thermal insulation kick structure are arranged at the connection between the wall and the foundation to control the thermal bridge.

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