A high-temperature hot air sliding friction resistance testing device

Abstract

The application discloses a high-temperature hot air sliding friction resistance testing device, which comprises a loading sealing device, an air circulation heating system, a static loading system and a temperature measuring system. The loading sealing device comprises a bearing frame, a bottom plate, a lower flange cover, a test piece, an upper flange cover, an upper exhaust cabin, a disc loading tool, an upper pressing plate, a window and a window pressing plate. The air circulation heating system comprises a heating system and a ventilation system, and is connected with the loading sealing device through a circulation pipeline. The static loading system comprises an oil source control upper computer, an oil source, a cooler, a hydraulic substation, a static loading upper computer, a servo oil cylinder, a servo controller and a switching cabinet. The temperature measuring system comprises a thermocouple sensor, a data acquisition instrument and a temperature measuring upper computer. The application can be widely applied to the sliding friction resistance test of various wrapped sandwich assembly structures under normal temperature and high temperature conditions and the design and construction of the testing system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of environmental testing, specifically relating to a device for testing anti-sliding friction force under the action of high-temperature hot air. Background Technology

[0002] Sliding friction testing systems are used to measure the frictional force, coefficient of friction, and degree of wear generated by materials during relative sliding. They are widely used in key fields such as materials science, mechanical engineering, aerospace, rail transportation, and quality inspection, providing data support for material selection and lifespan prediction. As modern equipment continues to evolve towards higher reliability and longer service life, materials must undergo systematic testing and in-depth mechanistic research under multi-physics coupling conditions. Traditional friction testing methods are mostly limited to room temperature, normal pressure, and static loading conditions, which are insufficient to accurately reflect the actual working state of materials under complex operating conditions and cannot meet the needs of modern engineering for assessing the long-term stability of target structures. For structures exposed to high-temperature environments for extended periods, it is essential to ensure that their internal components do not slip relative to each other when subjected to complex dynamic loads at high temperatures. If only mechanical loads are applied during testing while ignoring the influence of the thermal field, the test results will deviate from actual operating conditions and cannot accurately reflect the structure's anti-slip capability.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop advanced testing technologies that can achieve in-situ, dynamic, and high-precision measurements in real service environments. These technologies can simultaneously apply controllable mechanical stress and precisely regulated temperature fields during testing, construct thermo-mechanical coupled loading conditions, realistically simulate the actual service process of the structure in high-temperature environments, and achieve accurate measurement of the frictional behavior of the internal carriers under high-temperature conditions. This will enable a comprehensive and accurate assessment of the structure's anti-slip performance under continuous high-temperature conditions, ensuring the structural integrity, operational safety, and service reliability of equipment under harsh operating conditions, and providing a solid data foundation and technical support for its full life-cycle management.

[0004] In mechanical property testing under high-temperature conditions, to more realistically reproduce the service behavior of materials or structures under complex working conditions, the two most widely used typical technical approaches are as follows: First, non-contact or contact heating of the specimen is achieved using radiant heating devices such as quartz lamps, electric heating tubes, and graphite to simulate a high-temperature working environment. Simultaneously, different forms of mechanical loads, such as tension, compression, or bending, are applied to the specimen via hydraulic or high-precision electric servo actuators, thereby achieving synchronous coupling of force and heat loading and effectively simulating the complex state of combined thermal and mechanical stress in actual working conditions. Second, the entire specimen is placed in a high-temperature environmental test chamber, and prolonged high-temperature exposure is achieved by precisely controlling the temperature field within the chamber, thus providing the specimen with a stable and uniform global thermal load. Mechanical loads are then applied by suspending counterweights or connecting lever systems on the specimen. However, for the enclosed sandwich assembly structure, the internal carrier is pre-tightened by interference fit or radial extrusion. The actual use state of the enclosed sandwich assembly structure requires a continuous supply of hot air to the inside, which causes the internal carrier to be exposed to a continuous high temperature environment. The current anti-sliding friction force measurement has the following problems: (1) Radiation heating cannot reproduce the real thermal boundary conditions of the internal hot air flow, resulting in a significant deviation between the thermal-mechanical coupling state and the service state; (2) The global heating of the high temperature test chamber does not match the actual heat distribution of its internal carrier, and the temperature range of the high temperature test chamber is limited, making it difficult to stably simulate the high temperature measurement environment of 600℃; (3) The loading system is limited by the high temperature environment and adopts the counterweight loading method, which cannot achieve stable loading according to the loading rate and gradient requirements, making it difficult to accurately reproduce dynamic mechanical stress; (4) The hot air loading system has energy efficiency problems such as high heat loss rate and lag in heating, making it difficult to meet the test requirements of long-term steady-state heating. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a device for testing anti-slip friction under high-temperature hot air, which is used to accurately measure the friction behavior of the internal carrier of a structure under high-temperature conditions, thereby comprehensively and accurately evaluating the anti-slip performance of the test piece under continuous high temperature.

[0006] This invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A device for testing anti-sliding friction force under high-temperature hot air includes a loading and sealing device, an air circulation heating system, a static loading system, and a temperature measurement system, wherein:

[0008] The loading and sealing device includes a load-bearing frame and a bottom plate, a lower flange cover, a test piece, an upper flange cover, an upper exhaust chamber, a disc-type loading fixture inside the upper exhaust chamber, an upper pressure plate, a viewing window, and a viewing window pressure plate arranged sequentially from bottom to top on the load-bearing frame and internally connected.

[0009] The air circulation heating system includes a heating system and a ventilation system. The heating system includes a silicon controlled rectifier, a heating furnace, a first temperature sensor, a heating controller, and a heating control host computer. The ventilation system includes a centrifugal fan, a wind speed sensor, a wind speed controller, and a wind speed control host computer. The air circulation heating system is connected through a circulation pipe and a loading sealing device.

[0010] The static loading system includes an oil source control host computer, an oil source, a cooler, a hydraulic substation, a static loading host computer, a servo cylinder, a servo controller, and a transfer cabinet. The servo cylinder is mounted on the support frame of the load-bearing frame, and the servo cylinder and the screw are connected by an internal threaded sleeve.

[0011] The temperature measurement system includes a thermocouple sensor, a data acquisition instrument, and a temperature measurement host computer.

[0012] Furthermore, the bearing frame includes a base and a support frame. A first through hole is provided at the center of the top surface of the base. A short tube is formed in the middle of the base plate. A second through hole is provided on the base plate at the center of the short tube. A flange end is formed by extending outward from the top of the short tube. The lower flange cover and the upper flange cover have the same structure, and both have a hollow cylindrical flange formed in the middle. The flange of the lower flange cover is installed in the short tube of the base plate. The test piece includes a cylindrical shell and an internal porous carrier. The upper and lower ends of the test piece are respectively set in the flanges of the upper flange cover and the lower flange cover. The upper exhaust chamber is open at the top and bottom and has a hollow internal structure. The disc-type loading fixture includes an integrally formed disc and a screw at the center of the disc. The upper pressure plate is an annular structure with a partition in the middle. A third through hole for the screw to pass through is provided in the center of the partition. Viewing windows are installed in the hollowed-out areas on both sides of the partition. The viewing windows are fixed to the upper pressure plate by viewing window pressure plates.

[0013] Furthermore, the base plate and the base are connected by bolts, the flange end of the short pipe of the base plate is connected to the flange end of the lower flange cover by bolts, the base plate and the upper exhaust chamber are connected by studs, the flange end of the upper flange cover and the lower flange end of the upper exhaust chamber are connected by bolts, and the upper flange end of the upper exhaust chamber and the upper pressure plate are connected by bolts.

[0014] Furthermore, sealing rings are provided in the annular gap between the flange of the lower flange cover and the test piece, as well as in the annular gap between the flange of the upper flange cover and the test piece, and a sealing gasket is provided between the upper flange end of the upper exhaust chamber and the upper pressure plate.

[0015] Furthermore, the heating furnace includes an electric heating tube, a cylinder, insulation cotton, a guide plate, and a base frame. The first temperature sensor is connected to the heating controller, and the heating furnace is connected to a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR). The SCR, the heating controller, and the heating control host computer are connected in sequence to realize closed-loop temperature control and temperature stress application of the heating furnace.

[0016] Furthermore, the centrifugal fan, wind speed controller, and wind speed control host computer are connected in sequence, and the wind speed sensor and wind speed controller are connected to realize closed-loop control of the wind speed of the centrifugal fan.

[0017] Furthermore, the circulation pipeline includes pipeline I, pipeline II, pipeline III, and pipeline IV. The outlet side of the heating furnace is sequentially connected to pipeline I, a first electric three-way ball valve, and pipeline II. Pipeline I is equipped with a first pilot-operated safety relief valve and a first temperature sensor. The first electric three-way ball valve is connected between pipeline I and pipeline II. The other end of pipeline II is connected to a first through hole in the base. The inlet side of the heating furnace is connected to the outlet of the centrifugal fan. The inlet of the centrifugal fan is sequentially connected to pipeline III, a second electric three-way ball valve, and pipeline IV. Pipeline III is equipped with an electric... The butterfly valve, a second pilot-operated safety relief valve and a second temperature sensor are installed on pipe IV. A second electric three-way ball valve is connected between pipes III and IV. The other end of pipe IV is connected to the air outlet of the upper exhaust chamber. The first and second electric three-way ball valves are connected by a flange short section. A flow channel switching controller enables switching between preheating and heating circulation modes. A centrifugal fan serves as the power source, driving the heat energy output from the heating system to circulate in the multi-segment circulation pipe to the loading sealing device, forming a closed and controllable hot air circulation loop. Furthermore, the electric butterfly valve is connected to a wind speed controller to enable emergency pressure relief.

[0018] Furthermore, the flow path in the preheating circulation mode is an annular loop consisting of a centrifugal fan, a heating furnace, pipe I, a first pilot-operated safety relief valve, a first temperature sensor, a first electric three-way ball valve, a flange short section connecting the first electric three-way ball valve and the second electric three-way ball valve, a second electric three-way ball valve, an electric butterfly valve, and pipe III; the flow path in the heating circulation mode is an annular loop consisting of a centrifugal fan, a heating furnace, pipe I, a first pilot-operated safety relief valve, a first temperature sensor, a first electric three-way ball valve, pipe II, a loading sealing device, pipe IV, a second pilot-operated safety relief valve, a second temperature sensor, a second electric three-way ball valve, an electric butterfly valve, and pipe III.

[0019] Furthermore, the electric butterfly valve is connected to the wind speed controller to enable emergency pressure relief of the electric butterfly valve.

[0020] Furthermore, the base of the supporting frame, the foundation frame of the heating furnace, and the centrifugal fan are all bolted to the foundation.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] 1. This invention can dynamically, continuously and accurately measure the friction behavior of the carrier inside the structure under stable and controllable high-temperature airflow, thereby providing a comprehensive, accurate and systematic evaluation of the anti-slip performance of the structure under continuous high temperature.

[0023] 2. In this invention, the air circulation heating system adopts a dual circulation design of preheating self-circulation and heating circulation. The heating furnace is radiated and heated by electric heating tubes, and hot air is circulated by centrifugal fan to apply temperature stress to the carrier inside the structure. It also provides multi-level safety protection for the reliable operation of the system, and enhances the safety, stability and reliability of the testing system.

[0024] 3. In this invention, the loading and sealing device adopts a metal O-ring and a glass fiber gasket for sealing design. The top is equipped with a high-transmittance anti-fog and explosion-proof window, which has strong resistance to thermal shock, facilitates real-time monitoring and control, and ensures safe and controllable operation.

[0025] 4. In this invention, the closed-loop control function of the servo cylinder provides real-time feedback and adjusts the output parameters to achieve high-precision displacement control of the internal carrier of the structure. The force sensor at the front end of the servo cylinder collects and monitors changes in friction force in real time, ensuring accurate and stable data. Furthermore, a disc-type loading fixture is used to effectively disperse local stress and improve the uniformity of loading, providing reliable data support for structural performance evaluation.

[0026] 5. In this invention, the temperature of the internal carrier of the structure is monitored in real time through a temperature measurement system. When the internal carrier temperature reaches the target value, the servo cylinder is controlled to execute the measurement program.

[0027] 6. This invention can ensure the safety and reliability of the testing process, reproduce the boundary conditions of the structure, construct a thermo-mechanical coupling loading environment, realistically simulate the actual service state of the structure under high temperature environment, accurately measure the friction characteristics of the internal carrier of the structure under the action of high temperature airflow, obtain key mechanical parameters, and thus provide a reliable basis for the performance analysis of the test piece. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the loading and sealing device;

[0030] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of section A;

[0031] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Cross-sectional view;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the load-bearing frame;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the base plate;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the lower flange gland;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the test specimen;

[0036] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the upper exhaust compartment;

[0037] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a disc-type loading fixture;

[0038] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the upper pressure plate;

[0039] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the window;

[0040] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the window pressure plate;

[0041] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of an internally threaded sleeve;

[0042] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the combination of the heating furnace, pipeline I, the first pilot-operated safety relief valve, and the first temperature sensor;

[0043] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of an air circulation heating system;

[0044] Figure 17 yes Figure 16 Schematic diagram of the flow channel combination in the preheating circulation mode and the heating circulation mode;

[0045] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of a static loading system;

[0046] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of a temperature measurement system.

[0047] Among them, 1-bearing frame, 111-base, 112-support frame, 113-first through hole, 2-base plate, 211-short pipe, 212-second through hole, 3-lower flange cover, 4-test piece, 411-shell, 412-porous carrier, 5-upper flange cover, 6-upper exhaust chamber, 611-air outlet, 7-disc-type loading fixture, 711-disc, 712-screw, 8-upper pressure plate, 8 11-Partition plate, 812-Third through hole, 9-Viewing window, 10-Viewing window pressure plate, 11-SCR, 12-Heating furnace, 121-Electric heating element, 122-Cylinder body, 123-Insulation cotton, 124-Baffle plate, 125-Base frame, 13-First temperature sensor, 14-Heating controller, 15-Heating control host computer, 16-Centrifugal fan, 17-Wind speed sensor, 18-Wind speed controller, 1 9-Wind speed control host computer, 20-Oil source control host computer, 21-Oil source, 22-Cooler, 23-Hydraulic substation, 24-Static loading host computer, 25-Servo cylinder, 26-Servo controller, 27-Transfer cabinet, 28-Internal threaded sleeve, 29-Thermocouple sensor, 30-Data acquisition instrument, 31-Temperature measurement host computer, 32-Stud, 33-Sealing ring, 34-Sealing gasket, 35-Pipe I, 36-Pipe II, 37-Pipe III, 38-Pipe IV, 39-First electric three-way ball valve, 391-Port A, 392-Port B, 393-Port C, 40-First pilot-operated safety relief valve, 41-Second electric three-way ball valve, 42-Electric butterfly valve, 43-Second pilot-operated safety relief valve, 44-Second temperature sensor, 45-Flow channel switching controller, 46-Foundation, 47-Channel steel. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0049] like Figures 1-19 As shown, a device for testing anti-sliding friction force under high-temperature hot air includes a loading and sealing device, an air circulation heating system, a static loading system, and a temperature measurement system, wherein:

[0050] The loading and sealing device includes a load-bearing frame 1 and a bottom plate 2, a lower flange cover 3, a test piece 4, an upper flange cover 5, an upper exhaust chamber 6, a disc-type loading fixture 7 inside the upper exhaust chamber 6, an upper pressure plate 8, a viewing window 9 and a viewing window pressure plate 10 above the upper exhaust chamber 6.

[0051] The air circulation heating system includes a heating system and a ventilation system. The heating system includes a silicon controlled rectifier 11, a heating furnace 12, a first temperature sensor 13, a heating controller 14, and a heating control host computer 15. The ventilation system includes a centrifugal fan 16, a wind speed sensor 17, a wind speed controller 18, and a wind speed control host computer 19. The air circulation heating system is connected through a circulation pipe and a loading sealing device.

[0052] The static loading system includes an oil source control host computer 20, an oil source 21, a cooler 22, a hydraulic substation 23, a static loading host computer 24, a servo cylinder 25, a servo controller 26, and a transfer cabinet 27. The servo cylinder 25 is mounted on the support frame 112 of the bearing frame 1, and the servo cylinder 25 and the screw 712 are connected by an internal threaded sleeve 28.

[0053] The temperature measurement system includes a thermocouple sensor 29, a data acquisition instrument 30, and a temperature measurement host computer 31.

[0054] The aforementioned high-temperature hot air anti-sliding friction force testing device has a supporting frame 1 comprising a base 111 and a support frame 112. A first through hole 113 is provided at the center of the top surface of the base 111. A short tube 211 is formed in the middle of the base plate 2, and a second through hole 212 is provided on the base plate 2 at the center of the short tube 211. A flange end extends outward from the top of the short tube 211. The lower flange cover 3 and the upper flange cover 5 have the same structure, both having a hollow cylindrical flange formed in the middle. The flange of the lower flange cover 3 is installed inside the short tube 211 of the base plate 2. The test piece 4 includes a cylindrical outer shell 4. 11 and an internal porous carrier 412, the upper and lower ends of the test piece 4 are respectively set in the flanges of the upper flange cover 5 and the lower flange cover 3, the upper exhaust chamber 6 is open at the top and bottom and has a hollow internal structure, the disc-type loading fixture 7 includes an integrally formed disc 711 and a screw 712 in the center of the disc 711, the upper pressure plate 8 is an annular structure with a partition 811 in the middle, the partition 811 has a third through hole 812 in the center for the screw 712 to pass through, and viewing windows 9 are installed in the hollowed-out areas on both sides of the partition 811, and the viewing windows 9 are fixed to the upper pressure plate 8 by viewing window pressure plate 10.

[0055] The aforementioned high-temperature hot air anti-sliding friction force testing device has a base plate 2 and a base 111 connected by bolts. The flange end of the short pipe 211 of the base plate 2 is connected to the flange end of the lower flange cover 3 by bolts. The base plate 2 and the upper exhaust chamber 6 are connected by studs 32. The flange end of the upper flange cover 5 and the lower flange end of the upper exhaust chamber 6 are connected by bolts. The upper flange end of the upper exhaust chamber 6 and the upper pressure plate 8 are connected by bolts.

[0056] The high-temperature hot air anti-sliding friction force testing device is provided with sealing rings 33 in the annular gap between the flange of the lower flange cover 3 and the test piece 4, and in the annular gap between the flange of the upper flange cover 5 and the test piece 4. A sealing gasket 34 is provided between the upper flange end of the upper exhaust chamber 6 and the upper pressure plate 8.

[0057] The aforementioned high-temperature hot air anti-sliding friction force testing device includes a heating furnace 12 comprising an electric heating tube 121, a cylinder 122, insulation cotton 123, a guide plate 124, and a base frame 125. The first temperature sensor 13 is connected to the heating controller 14, and the heating furnace 12 is connected to the silicon controlled rectifier 11. The silicon controlled rectifier 11, the heating controller 14, and the heating control host computer 15 are connected in sequence to realize closed-loop temperature control and temperature stress application of the heating furnace 12.

[0058] The aforementioned high-temperature hot air anti-sliding friction force testing device has a centrifugal fan 16, a wind speed controller 18, and a wind speed control host computer 19 connected in sequence. The wind speed sensor 17 is connected to the wind speed controller 18 to realize closed-loop control of the wind speed of the centrifugal fan 16.

[0059] The high-temperature hot air anti-sliding friction force testing device has a circulation pipeline including pipeline I 35, pipeline II 36, pipeline III 37, and pipeline IV 38. The air outlet side of the heating furnace 12 is sequentially connected to pipeline I 35, a first electric three-way ball valve 39, and pipeline II 36. Pipeline I 35 is equipped with a first pilot-operated safety pressure relief valve 40 and a first temperature sensor 13. The first electric three-way ball valve 39 is connected between pipeline I 35 and pipeline II 36. The other end of pipeline II 36 is connected to the first through hole 113 of the base 111. The air inlet side of the heating furnace 12 is connected to the air outlet of the centrifugal fan 16. The air inlet of the centrifugal fan 16 is sequentially connected to pipeline III 37, a second electric three-way ball valve 41, and pipeline IV 38. IV38, an electric butterfly valve 42 is installed on the pipe III37, a second pilot-operated safety pressure relief valve 43 and a second temperature sensor 44 are installed on the pipe IV38, the second electric three-way ball valve 41 is connected between the pipe III37 and the pipe IV38, the other end of the pipe IV38 is connected to the air outlet 611 of the upper exhaust chamber 6 through a bend, the first electric three-way ball valve 39 and the second electric three-way ball valve 41 are connected by a flange short section, the flow channel switching controller 45 realizes the flow channel switching between the preheating circulation mode and the heating circulation mode, the centrifugal fan 16 is used as the power source, and the heat energy output by the heating system is driven to circulate in the multi-segment circulation pipe to the loading sealing device to form a closed and controllable hot air circulation loop.

[0060] The aforementioned high-temperature hot air anti-sliding friction force testing device has a flow channel in the preheating circulation mode consisting of a centrifugal fan 16, a heating furnace 12, pipe I 35, a first pilot-operated safety relief valve 40, a first temperature sensor 13, a first electric three-way ball valve 39, a flange short section connecting the first electric three-way ball valve 39 and the second electric three-way ball valve 41, a second electric three-way ball valve 41, an electric butterfly valve 42, and pipe III 37; and a flow channel in the heating circulation mode consisting of a centrifugal fan 16, a heating furnace 12, pipe I 35, a first pilot-operated safety relief valve 40, a first temperature sensor 13, a first electric three-way ball valve 39, pipe II 36, a loading sealing device, pipe IV 38, a second pilot-operated safety relief valve 43, a second temperature sensor 44, a second electric three-way ball valve 41, an electric butterfly valve 42, and pipe III 37.

[0061] The aforementioned high-temperature hot air anti-sliding friction force testing device has an electric butterfly valve 42 connected to a wind speed controller 18 to realize emergency pressure relief of the electric butterfly valve 42.

[0062] The anti-sliding friction force testing device under the action of high temperature hot air has its base 111 of the supporting frame 1, the foot frame 125 of the heating furnace 12 and the centrifugal fan 16 all bolted to the foundation 46.

[0063] At the center of the base 111 of the support frame 1, a cavity is formed below the first through hole 113. The first through hole 113 extends into the cavity to form a flange end, which is used to connect with the elbow flange of the pipe II 36.

[0064] The test piece 4 is a wrap-around sandwich assembly structure, including a cylindrical outer shell 411 and an internal porous carrier 412.

[0065] When testing the anti-slip friction force of the test piece under high temperature environment, the following requirements apply to the test device: (1) The air circulation heating system can heat the internal carrier of the test piece in all directions, apply temperature stress to the internal carrier of the test piece through the temperature closed-loop control function, and provide multi-level safety protection to ensure that the system can operate continuously and reliably; (2) The loading sealing device needs to have good airtightness, structural stability, reliable load bearing, easy observation, and ensure safe and controllable operation; (3) The static loading system can apply mechanical load to the internal carrier of the test piece, and perform displacement control through the static loading closed-loop control function to realize the friction force measurement of the internal carrier of the test piece; (4) The temperature measurement system can display and record the temperature of the internal carrier of the structure in real time to realize the real-time acquisition and monitoring of temperature test data.

[0066] The sealing ring 33 is a metal O-ring, and the sealing gasket 34 is a glass fiber gasket.

[0067] A sealing ring 33 is pressed between the lower flange cover 3 and the base plate 2; a sealing ring 33 is also installed between the upper pressure plate 8 and the window pressure plate 10; a sealing gasket 34 is provided between the upper exhaust chamber 6 and the upper pressure plate 8; a sealing gasket 34 is installed on the sealing surface of the pipe Ⅳ38 and the air outlet 611 of the exhaust chamber 6 before connection.

[0068] The loading and sealing device adopts a split modular design, consisting of multiple functional components. Each component can be independently disassembled and installed, facilitating the replacement and maintenance of the seals, improving system maintainability, and providing a technical foundation for subsequent functional expansion and customized configuration. The load-bearing frame 1, as the core load-bearing structure of the loading and sealing device, is rigidly connected to the test bearing foundation 46 via bolts, ensuring uniform distribution and effective transmission of external loads. The base plate 2 is connected to the load-bearing frame 1, and the test specimen 4 is placed inside the short pipe 211 of the base plate 2. The base plate 2 is connected by the lower flange cover 3, which presses down two sealing rings 33, forming a static sealing structure at the bottom. Four support studs 32 are connected to the base plate 2 and, with the help of nuts, achieve positioning and locking, bearing the weight and positional constraints of the upper exhaust chamber 6, ensuring assembly coaxiality and structural stability. The upper exhaust chamber 6 is positioned and constrained by the support studs 32, connected by the upper flange cover 5, which presses down two sealing rings 33, achieving a static sealing structure at the upper end. The disc-shaped loading fixture 7 is placed at the center of the upper exhaust chamber 6. A lubricating sealing ring 33 is embedded in the groove around the through hole of the upper pressure plate 8, and it falls along the screw of the disc-shaped loading fixture 7 to connect with the upper end of the upper exhaust chamber 6. A sealing gasket 34 is installed between the sealing surfaces to enhance the sealing performance of the connection interface. Sealing rings 33 are configured at the connection between the upper pressure plate 8 and the support plate of the viewing window pressure plate 10, forming multiple layers of protection to ensure the sealing integrity of the viewing window 9 area. The upper pressure plate 8 and the viewing window pressure plate 10 are connected by bolts, so that the loading sealing device forms a complete and sealed cavity structure. The loading sealing device uses sealing rings 33 or sealing gaskets 34 at multiple mating surfaces to form a multi-layered and multi-point sealing barrier. Whether in static sealing or under micro-movement conditions during dynamic loading, the sealing system can remain stable and reliable, meeting the sealing requirements of the test environment.

[0069] The loading sealing device employs a metal O-ring and fiberglass gasket for sealing, ensuring airtightness in high-temperature environments, reducing heat loss and high-temperature gas leakage, thereby improving thermal efficiency, ensuring the uniformity of the thermal field within the structure and the stability of continuous system operation. Furthermore, the top is equipped with a high-transmittance, anti-fog, and explosion-proof viewing window with strong thermal shock resistance, facilitating remote real-time monitoring of the internal loading status by operators, ensuring safe and controllable operation. The main load-bearing frame is rigidly connected to the test load-bearing foundation via bolts, ensuring uniform load distribution and effective transmission, providing solid and reliable support for the testing process.

[0070] The load-bearing frame 1, base plate 2, lower flange cover 3, upper flange cover 5, upper exhaust chamber 6, disc-type loading fixture 7, upper pressure plate 8, viewing window 9, viewing window pressure plate 10, internal threaded sleeve 28, and stud 32 in the loading sealing device are all made of high-temperature resistant SUS310 stainless steel, which has excellent oxidation resistance and thermal stability. It can maintain mechanical strength and structural integrity in a long-term high-temperature environment of 1200℃, effectively avoiding performance degradation caused by thermal expansion or material fatigue. The load-bearing frame 1, as the core load-bearing structure of the device, adopts an integral welding process, possessing high strength and deformation resistance. It is rigidly connected to the test load-bearing foundation 46 through bolt groups, ensuring uniform distribution and effective transmission of external loads, providing solid and reliable support for the testing process. Simultaneously, an annular sealing groove is coaxially machined on the upper surface of the base 111 of the load-bearing frame 1, with dimensions adapted to the sealing ring diameter and compression amount, and a smooth transition to avoid stress concentration. The base plate 2 serves as a transition platform connecting the load-bearing frame 1 and the test piece 4. After the high-temperature resistant metal O-ring seal, i.e., the sealing ring 33, is embedded in the annular sealing groove on the upper surface of the base 111, the lower surface of the base plate 2 tightly adheres to the upper surface of the base 111 under bolt pressure, forming a stable static sealing interface and improving airtightness. The test piece 4 is a wrap-around sandwich assembly structure, consisting of an outer shell 411 and an inner... The test consists of a porous carrier 412. During the test, high-temperature air needs to be continuously introduced to keep the carrier under a constant heat load to simulate the real high-temperature working environment. In addition, the upper part of the base plate 2 adopts a neck flange design, with a cylindrical short pipe 211 extending vertically from its center. The top of the short pipe 211 extends outward to form a flange disc, which is used for positioning the test piece 4 and docking with the lower flange cover 3. The lower flange cover 3 and the upper flange cover 5 also adopt a neck flange design. The test piece 4 is located at the center of the short pipe 211 of the base plate 2. By setting two sealing rings 33 in the annular gap between the short pipe 211 of the base plate 2 and the test piece 4, and by applying uniform clamping force through the lower flange cover 3 and bolts, a double sealing structure is formed to effectively prevent the leakage of high-temperature gas. The four support studs 32 are symmetrically arranged and fixed in the corresponding bolt holes of the base plate 2.The vertical position of the upper exhaust chamber 6 can be adjusted by turning the adjusting nut, which improves the structural rigidity and anti-overturning ability of the upper exhaust chamber 6 under dynamic load and effectively suppresses shaking and displacement during operation. At the same time, a double-layer sealing ring 33 is also set in the annular gap between the lower flange flange of the upper exhaust chamber 6 and the test piece 4, and uniform pressure is applied by the upper flange cover 5 and bolts to further enhance the airtightness of the upper and lower connection parts. The upper pressure plate 8, as the top sealing component, achieves a reliable seal with the upper flange flange of the upper exhaust chamber 6 through the ceramic fiber sealing gasket 34 and is fastened with bolts. In order to facilitate real-time monitoring and operation control of the internal conditions during operation, the upper pressure plate 8 is equipped with two symmetrically arranged high-transmittance anti-fog and explosion-proof windows 9. D-type sealing strips are configured on both the upper and lower sides of the window mounting surface. The window pressure plate 10 is connected to the upper pressure plate 8 by screws to achieve sealing of the window area, effectively preventing gas infiltration and condensation fogging, and ensuring the clarity of observation and system sealing. Meanwhile, the upper pressure plate 8 is equipped with two symmetrical handles to assist in the installation, disassembly, and positioning of the upper pressure plate 8. The disc-type loading fixture 7 is integrally machined from a disc 711 and a screw 712. The screw 712 passes through a pre-reserved circular third through hole 812 in the upper pressure plate 8. A groove is machined around the periphery of the third through hole 812 to embed an O-ring seal, and an appropriate amount of lubricant is added to ensure that the screw 712 achieves smooth axial displacement during loading, while maintaining stable sealing and lubrication. The disc 711 is subjected to contact loading with the porous carrier 412 inside the test piece 4. Its design diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the carrier to avoid blocking the ventilation channels of the porous carrier 412. The screw 712 of the disc-type loading fixture 7 and the actuating rod of the servo cylinder 25 are connected by an internal threaded sleeve 28 to achieve a rigid connection and establish a stable and continuous force transmission path.

[0071] The aforementioned silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) 11 is a power regulation device based on a thyristor and centered on an intelligent digital control circuit, widely used in heating system control. Its basic working principle is to adjust the voltage waveform by controlling the thyristor firing angle, changing the conduction range of the AC voltage, thereby adjusting the effective value of the output voltage and achieving continuous stepless adjustment of the heating power, thus realizing closed-loop control of the heating process. This control method not only significantly improves the heating response speed but also exhibits excellent stability and reliability in terms of overvoltage, overcurrent, and thermal protection.

[0072] The heating furnace 12 adopts a double-layer cylindrical structure with an integrated cylindrical outer shell and inner shell. Inside, electric heating tubes 121 are evenly distributed in a ring array to ensure uniform heat output. The electric heating tubes 121 are the heating elements of the furnace, using high-temperature resistant SUS310 stainless steel as a protective sleeve. High-temperature resistance alloy wire is encapsulated inside the tube, and its gaps are filled with crystalline magnesium oxide powder. Through compression molding, they possess excellent insulation and thermal conductivity, enabling rapid conversion of electrical energy into heat energy for uniform heating of the air inside the furnace. The cylinder 122 is the load-bearing structure of the heating furnace, composed of an integrated outer shell and inner shell, made of high-temperature resistant SUS310 stainless steel, possessing good pressure resistance and sealing performance. The outer shell and inner shell of the cylinder 122 are filled with thermal insulation cotton 123, which effectively reduces heat loss in the furnace and improves operational safety. The thermal insulation cotton 123 is made of ceramic fiber blanket, which is an important heat insulation layer for effective utilization of thermal energy, reducing heat loss in the furnace, improving thermal energy utilization rate, and lowering the surface temperature of the outer shell to ensure operational safety. The guide plate 124 is installed inside the furnace cavity to guide the flow direction of hot air, promote uniform temperature distribution in the furnace, and effectively improve heating uniformity and heat exchange efficiency. The base frame 125 is located at the bottom of the heating furnace to support the weight of the heating furnace body and can be fixed to the test bearing foundation by bolts, effectively ensuring the stability and safety of the heating furnace during operation.

[0073] The air circulation heating system adopts a dual-circulation design, efficiently utilizing thermal energy and improving heating efficiency. In the preheating circulation stage: by adjusting the electric three-way ball valve, hot air forms a self-circulating closed loop within the heating furnace. This closed-loop circulation reduces heat loss, shortens heating time, and ensures the outlet temperature (i.e., the right outlet of pipe I35) quickly reaches the target value. In the heating circulation stage: when the real-time monitoring value of the temperature sensor at the heating furnace outlet reaches the target value, the electric three-way ball valve is adjusted to guide the hot air to the loading sealing device, allowing it to return through the circulation pipeline and participate in reheat exchange, forming a heating circulation closed loop. This effectively maintains temperature stability, recovers waste heat, and improves overall thermal efficiency. Temperature sensors and pilot-operated safety relief valves are installed on the pipelines. The temperature sensors monitor the internal temperature of the pipelines in real time and output closed-loop control signals for the heating system. When an abnormality is detected in the heating system, an emergency unloading procedure is initiated to protect system safety. The pilot-operated safety relief valve automatically opens when the pipeline pressure exceeds a set safety threshold, rapidly releasing pressure to effectively prevent overpressure risks and ensure equipment and operational safety. After pressure relief, it automatically closes and restores the seal, ensuring continuous system operation. The pipeline is also equipped with an electric butterfly valve for pressure relief. When testing stops or over-temperature or over-pressure conditions occur, the electric butterfly valve can be activated manually or electrically to release pressure in the pipeline, effectively avoiding safety risks.

[0074] The flow channel switching between preheating cycle mode and heating cycle mode is achieved through the flow channel switching controller 45.

[0075] During the preheating cycle, air is circulated and heated in a local loop through internal circulation, gradually increasing the initial system temperature. Once the temperature reaches a set threshold, the heating cycle begins, switching to the main heating cycle path and directing the high-temperature airflow into the target area. The wind speed sensor 17 and the electric butterfly valve 42 are connected to the wind speed controller 18, which in turn is connected to the centrifugal fan 16 and the wind speed control host computer 19. This enables the linkage between the closed-loop control of the centrifugal fan 16 and the emergency pressure relief function of the electric butterfly valve 42, maintaining stable hot airflow circulation, ensuring uniform temperature distribution within the system, and providing a rapid response capability to emergencies. The air circulation heating system integrates the wind speed sensor 17 with the first temperature sensor 13 and the second temperature sensor 44, achieving multi-parameter collaborative control. The temperature signal is used to dynamically adjust the heating power, while the wind speed signal is used to optimize airflow distribution and adjust air volume. The air circulation heating system connects to the wind speed control host computer 19 and the heating control host computer 15, enabling remote monitoring, parameter setting, and visualization of the operating status, achieving precise control of the heating and ventilation processes.

[0076] The first pilot-operated safety relief valve 40 and the first temperature sensor 13 are both located in the air inlet ducts (duct I 35 and duct II 36), respectively, to monitor the pressure and temperature status of the closed loop in the heating furnace 12 and the preheating cycle stage in real time. The first pilot-operated safety relief valve 40 is a customized product of the API526CC series, which can work stably in a continuous high-temperature environment of 600℃, ensuring that when the system pressure exceeds the set value, it can release pressure in a timely and accurate manner, effectively preventing potential accidents caused by overpressure, thereby comprehensively protecting the safety of equipment and personnel; the first temperature sensor 13 is located in the air inlet duct and is mainly used to monitor the temperature status of the heating furnace 12 and the preheating cycle loop in real time. The first temperature sensor 13 adopts a TR20 armored thermocouple temperature sensor with a temperature range of -50℃ to 1300℃. By inputting the target temperature and setting PID parameters into the heating control host computer 15, the first temperature sensor 13 converts the real-time monitored temperature of the heating furnace 12 into a 4-20mA electrical signal, which is then input to the heating controller 14. The heating controller 14 uploads the temperature data to the heating control host computer 15 via a communication protocol and compares it with the target temperature set by the heating control host computer 15. Through the PID closed-loop control algorithm, a control signal is output to the thyristor 11, controlling the thyristor firing angle to adjust the voltage waveform, thereby regulating the voltage across the heating furnace 12 and achieving closed-loop temperature control to apply temperature stress. Furthermore, when the first temperature sensor 13 detects abnormal temperature rise or over-temperature, the system immediately initiates an emergency unloading procedure to protect the safe operation of the equipment.

[0077] In the ventilation system, the high-temperature centrifugal fan 16 is a non-standard customized direct-drive type. Core components such as the casing, impeller, and main shaft are all made of high-temperature resistant SUS310 stainless steel. The entire unit can withstand temperatures up to 1200℃ and can operate continuously in high-temperature environments. It operates at a speed of 2900 r / min, ensuring efficient aerodynamic performance and stable airflow output. It is equipped with a 2.2 kW three-phase asynchronous motor with overload and overheat protection functions, making it suitable for high-temperature environments. The centrifugal fan 16's casing is wrapped with a ceramic fiber blanket, effectively isolating the high-temperature gas from heat exchange with the external environment. A YQF6069 high-temperature electronic anemometer sensor 17 is used, with a measurement range of 0-30 m / s, and can operate stably within a wide temperature range of -40℃ to 800℃, outputting 4-20 mA. The target wind speed is input into the wind speed control host computer 19, which transmits the wind speed setpoint to the PLC in the wind speed controller 18 via a communication protocol. The wind speed sensor 17 monitors the wind speed in the duct in real time and converts it into a 4-20mA electrical signal, which is then input to the PLC in the wind speed controller 18. The PLC converts the electrical signal into the actual wind speed value according to its internal preset correspondence program. The PLC compares the received target wind speed with the actual wind speed, and through a PID closed-loop control algorithm, outputs a control signal to the frequency converter in the wind speed controller 18. The frequency converter adjusts the power frequency output to the motor of the centrifugal fan 16 according to the signal, thereby changing the speed of the centrifugal fan and realizing continuous closed-loop control of the wind speed. The wind speed controller 18 is equipped with an emergency unloading button, which can be manually triggered to immediately stop the centrifugal fan 16. The circulation pipeline is made of high-temperature resistant SUS310 stainless steel pipe with a nominal diameter of DN125. It has excellent heat resistance and pressure resistance and can maintain good oxidation resistance and mechanical properties at a temperature of 1200℃. It is suitable for high-temperature hot air circulation environments and can ensure long-term stable operation of the system. The outer wall of the circulation pipeline is wrapped with ceramic fiber blanket and covered with an aluminum foil fiberglass cloth protective layer, which effectively reduces the outer surface temperature of the pipeline, prevents personnel from being burned, and reduces heat loss during the hot circuit circulation process. Pipe supports are installed below the circulation pipeline. The pipe supports are divided into two types according to the installation height of the pipeline: one type of pipe support is used for fixing the low-level pipeline and the other type of pipe support is used for fixing the high-level pipeline. The sealing gasket 34 is made of ceramic fiber and is used for sealing connections between pipes. The first electric three-way ball valve 39, the second electric three-way ball valve 41, and the electric butterfly valve 42 are all non-standard high-temperature customized products. The valve body can withstand a continuous high-temperature environment of 800℃ and integrates electric actuators and manual operation functions. Among them, the T-type electric three-way ball valve is selected according to the flow channel characteristics. The flow channel switching controller 45 switches the high-temperature gas flow direction during the preheating cycle stage and the heating cycle stage. The electric butterfly valve 42 is mainly used to implement emergency pressure relief measures when the test ends or when the system experiences abnormal conditions such as over-temperature or over-pressure, effectively avoiding safety risks.Furthermore, the emergency unloading signal of the wind speed controller 18 is linked to the action of the electric butterfly valve. When the operator observes an abnormality in the pressure relief valve, they can manually trigger the emergency unloading button on the wind speed controller 18. This operation simultaneously triggers the opening command of the electric butterfly valve 42. After receiving the signal, the electric butterfly valve 42 opens quickly, forming a pressure relief channel to rapidly discharge the high-pressure and high-temperature gas in the system to a safe area and quickly reduce the pipeline pressure to a safe range. The second pilot-operated safety pressure relief valve 43 and the second temperature sensor 44 are both located in the return air pipeline (pipeline Ⅲ37 and pipeline Ⅳ38). After the heating cycle stage starts, they work together with the first pilot-operated safety pressure relief valve 40 and the first temperature sensor 13 to monitor the pressure and temperature of the closed loop in the heating cycle stage, realizing dynamic monitoring of the entire loop and ensuring the safe operation of the system.

[0078] The static loading host computer 24 and the oil source control host computer 20 serve as the core control modules of the system, respectively remotely monitoring and managing the servo controller 26 and the oil source 21, and collecting and monitoring the equipment operating status in real time. The oil source 21 provides a continuous and stable high-pressure hydraulic oil for the static loading system, which is the power foundation for the normal operation of the system and ensures that there is sufficient energy support during the loading process. The oil distributor configured in the hydraulic substation 23 is responsible for distributing the high-pressure hydraulic oil output from the oil source to multiple channels. During system maintenance or repair of a certain channel, isolation can be achieved by closing the oil distributor or the corresponding channel circuit of the oil distributor, ensuring operational safety and maintenance convenience. As a secondary pressure regulating unit, the hydraulic substation 23 has pressure regulation, pressure stabilization and oil filtration functions, effectively improving the stability and reliability of the system operation. In case of emergency, it can quickly cut off the oil supply path and release the load pressure to achieve emergency safety protection. Cooler 22 is used to cool the oil source equipment and hydraulic oil, ensuring the hydraulic system operates continuously within the rated temperature range through temperature control measures, preventing system leakage or equipment damage due to excessive oil temperature. Servo cylinder 25 is the loading execution unit, completing the loading action according to the test command. Servo controller 26 dynamically adjusts the oil supply flow by real-time acquisition of displacement and load feedback signals from servo cylinder 25, achieving precise control of output displacement or force, thus forming a closed-loop control system for static loading. During the test, basic operations such as loading, unloading, starting, stopping, and emergency unloading can be manually intervened, and the loading rate and control parameters can be adjusted according to test requirements, such as adjusting PID parameters, valve control parameters, holding, acceleration, increase, decrease, and unloading, to ensure the controllability and accuracy of the test process. Servo cylinder 25 is connected to the top beam of the load-bearing frame by bolts, and two symmetrically arranged channel steels 47 are used to limit the movement of servo cylinder 25, ensuring that servo cylinder 25 maintains an accurate movement trajectory during operation.

[0079] The servo cylinder 25 includes a cylinder barrel, an actuator rod, a servo valve, a force sensor, and a displacement sensor. The servo cylinder 25 is connected to the top beam of the support frame 112. Two symmetrically arranged channel steels 47 are used to limit the servo cylinder 25. The servo cylinder 25 and the disc-type loading fixture 7 are connected through an internal threaded sleeve 28 to complete the connection between the loading sealing device and the static loading system.

[0080] The oil source control host computer 20 is connected to the oil source 21 and is used to transmit commands to the oil source 21. The oil source 21, hydraulic substation 23 and servo cylinder 25 are connected in sequence through pipelines to supply oil to the servo cylinder 25. The oil source 21 is connected to the cooler 22 to cool the oil source equipment and oil. The static loading host computer 24 is connected to the servo controller 26 and is used to transmit commands to the servo controller 26. The servo controller 26, the servo valve of the servo cylinder 25, the force sensor and the displacement sensor are all connected to the transfer cabinet 27. The static loading host computer 24 sends a control signal to the servo controller 26, which reaches the servo cylinder 25 through the transfer cabinet 27. The servo valve converts the electrical signal into a hydraulic signal, which is further converted into an action signal by the servo cylinder 25. The servo cylinder 25 then controls the actuator to perform the loading action by referring to the signals fed back by the force sensor and the displacement sensor, forming a closed-loop control.

[0081] The static loading system, through the coordinated operation of multiple components, applies axial displacement to the test piece 4, completing the test of anti-sliding friction force under the action of high-temperature hot air. The oil source control host computer 20 sends control signals to the oil source 21, which, via an oil distributor, divides the high-pressure hydraulic oil output from the oil source 21 into multiple channels and distributes them to the hydraulic substation 23, and then outputs them to the servo cylinder 25. The cooler 22 cools the oil source 21 equipment and the oil. The human-machine interface of the static loading host computer 24 allows setting parameters such as loading mode, loading rate, and target value, issuing control commands, and receiving feedback information in real time, achieving full-process visual management. The static loading system and transfer cabinet 27 process and control the servo cylinder 25 to execute the loading action. The servo controller 26 dynamically adjusts the oil supply flow of the oil source 21 based on the displacement and load feedback signals of the servo cylinder 25, achieving precise control of the output displacement or force.

[0082] During the test, the servo cylinder 25 is installed in the loading position. The displacement sensor feeds back the displacement value to the servo valve. The disc loading fixture 7 and the servo cylinder 25 are connected through the double-ended threaded sleeve, i.e., the internal threaded sleeve 28, to maintain displacement control. The oil pressure of the oil source 21 is adjusted to achieve static loading closed-loop control. During the test, the change of friction load is collected and monitored in real time through the force sensor at the front end of the servo cylinder 25.

[0083] The temperature measurement system consists of a thermocouple sensor 29, a data acquisition instrument 30, and a temperature measurement host computer 31. The acquired temperature signals can be displayed, stored, analyzed, and processed in real time. It is mainly used to measure the temperature response of the porous carrier inside the test piece under high temperature environment.

[0084] Thermocouple sensor 29 uses an XL-K-24 type K thermocouple, with both its conductor and outer sheath made of Nextel ceramic material, capable of measuring a maximum temperature of 870℃. Data acquisition unit 30 samples the generated voltage signal and converts it into a temperature measurement value based on the temperature-potential relationship, thus acquiring temperature data. The acquired temperature data can be displayed in real-time on the temperature measurement host computer 31 interface, supporting further analysis and processing. The data can also be stored in a selectable format for later retrieval and reprocessing.

[0085] The temperature-sensing end of the thermocouple sensor 29 is passed through the hole drilled in the housing 411 and placed at the designated temperature-sensing position on the porous carrier 412 inside the test piece 4. Ceramic adhesive is evenly applied around the orifice to ensure that the adhesive fully fills the pores and wraps the gap between the wire and the hole wall, forming a sealing layer with good airtightness and thermal stability. The end of the wire of the thermocouple sensor 29 is connected to a standard thermocouple plug according to polarity. The thermocouple plug is connected to the corresponding channel of the data acquisition instrument 30 to establish a communication connection between the data acquisition instrument 30 and the temperature measurement host computer 31. The temperature measurement system is then started to realize the real-time acquisition, display, and storage of temperature data.

[0086] The system utilizes an air circulation heating system and a static loading system to measure circulating heat flow and friction force, and a temperature measurement system to collect, display, and store temperature data in real time, enabling the testing of the anti-sliding friction force of the test piece under the action of high-temperature hot air.

[0087] The specific steps of the experiment are as follows:

[0088] 1. First, the bearing frame 1 is installed on the test bearing foundation 46 with bolts. Then, the sealing ring 33 is embedded in the annular sealing ring groove coaxially machined on the upper surface of the base 111 of the bearing frame 1. The base plate 2 is installed on the bearing frame 1 by tightening the screws in a diagonal and symmetrical manner. The lower surface of the base plate 2 is tightly attached to the upper surface of the base 111 of the bearing frame 1 under the pressure of the bolts. Next, place the test piece 4 at the center of the short pipe 211 of the base plate 2. Insert two sealing rings 33 into the annular gap between the short pipe 211 of the base plate 2 and the test piece 4. Install the lower flange cover 3 onto the flange end mating surface of the base plate 2 by tightening the screws in a diagonal and symmetrical manner. The clamping force provided by the bolts causes the sealing rings 33 to deform under pressure, filling the annular gap for sealing. Then, install the upper flange cover 5 and the two sealing rings 33 onto the outer wall of the test piece 4 in sequence according to the mating direction. Next, screw the four support studs 32 into the corresponding screw holes of the upper flange cover 5 in sequence, and screw four nuts into the other end of the support studs 32 at the same horizontal height. Then, align the through hole of the upper exhaust chamber 6 with the four support studs 32, and slowly and steadily lower it so that its weight is evenly supported by the four nuts at the bottom. The vertical position of the upper exhaust chamber 6 can be adjusted by turning the adjusting nuts. Next, insert the two sealing rings 33 into the annular gap between the lower flange flange of the upper exhaust chamber 6 and the test piece 4. Finally, tighten the screws in a diagonal and symmetrical manner to install the upper flange cover 5 onto the mating surface of the lower flange flange of the upper exhaust chamber 6, thus completing the assembly of the test piece 4.

[0089] 2. Place the ceramic fiber sealing gasket 34 on the mating surface of the upper flange of the upper exhaust chamber 6, and then place the disc-type loading fixture 7 at the center of the upper exhaust chamber 6. Embed the sealing ring 33 in the groove around the pre-drilled circular through hole of the upper pressure plate 8, and apply an appropriate amount of lubricant evenly. Then, lift the upper pressure plate 8 using the handle, align it with the screw 712 of the disc-type loading fixture 7, and slowly lower it onto the pre-installed ceramic fiber sealing gasket 34. Finally, tighten the screws in a diagonal and symmetrical manner to install the upper pressure plate 8 onto the mating surface of the upper flange of the upper exhaust chamber 6, so that the ceramic fiber sealing gasket 34 is evenly stressed and reliably compressed. A D-shaped sealing ring is attached to the window installation position of the upper pressure plate 8 and the window pressure plate 10. The screws are tightened step by step in a diagonal symmetrical manner to connect the window pressure plate 10 and the upper pressure plate 8, so as to realize the installation and sealing of the window. Finally, the internal threaded sleeve 28 is screwed into the screw 712 of the disc-type loading tool 7 to complete the assembly of the loading and sealing device.

[0090] 3. Based on the screw position of the disc-type loading fixture 7, the servo cylinder 25 is bolted onto the top beam of the bearing frame 1, and two channel steels 47 are used to limit the servo cylinder 25. The hydraulic substation 23 is connected to the hydraulic interface on the servo cylinder 25 through high and low pressure oil pipes, respectively. The servo valve interface, force sensor interface, and displacement sensor interface are connected through integrated cables, respectively. After the connection is completed, a pre-test is performed to confirm whether the static loading system functions normally. After confirming that the function is correct, the internal threaded sleeve 28 is screwed into the actuating rod of the servo cylinder 25 through the displacement control of the static loading system, thus completing the connection between the loading sealing device and the static loading system.

[0091] 4. Place a ceramic fiber gasket 34 centered on the elbow flange of pipe II 36. Tighten the screws in a diagonal, symmetrical manner step by step to connect the elbow flange of pipe II 36 to the flange end of the first through hole 113 at the center of the bottom cavity of the bearing frame 1. Install a ceramic fiber gasket 34 on the straight flange end face of pipe II 36 and align it with the B port 392 of the first electric three-way ball valve 39 to ensure that the two flanges are parallel and concentric. Complete the connection by tightening in a diagonal, step-by-step manner. Install a ceramic fiber gasket 34 on the flange end face of pipe I 35 of the heating furnace 12 and align it with the A port 391 flange of the first electric three-way ball valve 39. Complete the connection by tightening in a diagonal, step-by-step manner. Install a ceramic fiber gasket 34 on the air inlet flange of the heating furnace 12 and connect it to the air outlet flange of the centrifugal fan 16. Tighten the screws in a step-by-step, diagonal, manner. Install a ceramic fiber sealing gasket 34 on the flange end face of the centrifugal fan 16 inlet. Connect the reducing elbow flange cover of pipe Ⅲ37 (tee pipe) to it, ensuring coaxiality, and complete the connection using a diagonal, step-by-step tightening method. Connect one end of the straight flange of pipe Ⅲ37 (tee pipe) to port A of the second electric three-way ball valve 41 (in the same direction as port A391 of the first electric three-way ball valve 39) with screws. Install a ceramic fiber sealing gasket 34 between the flanges, and tighten using a diagonal, step-by-step method. Connect the other end of the straight flange of pipe Ⅲ37 (tee pipe) to the flange of electric butterfly valve 42, installing a ceramic fiber sealing gasket 34 in between, and tightening the screws diagonally. Connect port C of the second electric three-way ball valve 41 (in the opposite direction to port C393 of the first electric three-way ball valve 39) to port C of the first electric three-way ball valve 39 using a short flange section. Install ceramic fiber sealing gaskets 34 at each connection point and tighten the screws diagonally in steps. A second pilot-operated safety relief valve 43 and a second temperature sensor 44 are vertically installed at the designated location on another pipe IV38. The installation direction and sensor probe depth are confirmed. One end of pipe IV38 is connected to port B of the second electric three-way ball valve 41 (in the same direction as port B 392 of the first electric three-way ball valve 39), and the other end is connected to an elbow flange. Before connection, a ceramic fiber sealing gasket 34 is installed on the sealing surface. After mating, the screws are tightened in a diagonal step manner. The elbow flange at the other end of pipe IV38 is mated with the air outlet 611 flange of the upper exhaust compartment 6. After installing the ceramic fiber sealing gasket 34, the bolts are tightened evenly in a diagonal step manner to complete the sealing connection of the entire air circulation heating system.

[0092] 5. Mark four drilling positions on the outer shell 411 of test piece 4 (the hole positions should avoid critical stress areas of the structure and not affect the overall structural strength). Drill four small holes at the marked positions with diameters adapted to the wire diameter of the thermocouple sensor 29. The hole diameter should be slightly larger than the outer diameter of the thermocouple sensor 29 lead to ensure smooth wire threading. After drilling, clean the metal shavings and burrs from the holes. Pass the four thermocouple sensor 29 temperature measuring ends sequentially through the four small holes on the outer shell 411 and place them at the designated temperature measuring positions on the porous carrier 412 inside test piece 4. Apply ceramic adhesive evenly around the hole openings, ensuring that the adhesive fully fills the pores and wraps the gap between the wire and the hole wall, forming a sealing layer with good airtightness and thermal stability. After sealing, perform curing treatment according to material requirements to ensure that the adhesive is completely cured and reaches the design strength and temperature resistance performance. Connect the end of the thermocouple sensor 29 wire to the standard thermocouple plug according to the polarity, connect the thermocouple plug to the corresponding channel of the data acquisition instrument 30, start the temperature measurement system, establish a communication connection, and realize the real-time acquisition, display and storage of temperature data.

[0093] 6. Confirm that all system components are in the power-off and closed state; the valve positions of the first electric three-way ball valve 39 and the second electric three-way ball valve 41 are correct, and the electric butterfly valve 42 is in the closed state; confirm that the first temperature sensor 13 and the second temperature sensor 44 are working normally and the data transmission is stable; check that the set pressure of the first pilot-operated safety relief valve 40 and the second pilot-operated safety relief valve 43 meets the requirements and there is no blockage or abnormality; the emergency stop button function test is normal; confirm that the servo cylinder 25, the disc-type loading fixture 7, the test piece 4, etc. are firmly installed and well aligned.

[0094] Initiating the preheating cycle mode: The flow channel switching controller 45 is set to preheating cycle mode. The initial heating temperature is set to 200℃ (low-temperature preset value) on the heating control host computer 15. The heating furnace 12 is started, and the data from the first temperature sensor 13 is monitored in real time to observe whether the temperature rise curve is smooth and without drastic fluctuations. When the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 13 reaches the preset low-temperature value and remains stable for 30 seconds, the heating furnace 12 is considered to be functioning normally. The wind speed is set to 2m / s on the wind speed control host computer 19, the centrifugal fan 16 is started, and the preheating cycle mode is initiated. The data from the wind speed sensor 17 is monitored in real time to observe whether the wind speed curve is smooth and stable, and whether the centrifugal fan 16 exhibits abnormal vibration or noise. During the test, a dedicated person was assigned to continuously monitor the status of the first pilot-operated safety relief valve 40. If any abnormality was found in the first pilot-operated safety relief valve 40, the emergency stop button was immediately pressed, the system was powered off and shut down, and the electric butterfly valve 42 was simultaneously triggered to open and depressurize the pipeline. The depressurization time, pressure change and cause of abnormality were recorded. The test could only be repeated after the fault was identified.

[0095] In the preheating cycle mode, the system runs continuously for 2 minutes. During this period, the temperature fluctuation value, wind speed fluctuation value, no abnormal alarm or component action and other parameters are stable. After confirming that there are no abnormalities, it enters the stage of heating up to the formal test temperature. The heating control host computer 15 gradually heats up to the target test temperature (600℃) with the heating rate controlled at 10℃ / s, and the data of the first temperature sensor 13 is monitored in real time.

[0096] Switching the heating cycle mode: When the first temperature sensor 13 displays a stable temperature reaching the target value and maintaining it for 30 seconds, the heating is considered complete. Operate the flow channel switching controller 45 to switch the operating mode from preheating cycle to heating cycle. Observe whether the switching process of the first electric three-way ball valve 39 and the second electric three-way ball valve 41 is smooth, confirming that the new flow channel is open and the old flow channel is closed correctly, and that there are no sudden changes in system pressure and air volume. Continue monitoring for 2 minutes after switching to confirm that the system is operating normally and meets the conditions for entering the formal test.

[0097] Initiating the formal test: Start the cooler 22, check that the cooling medium flows normally, and ensure that the oil temperature of the static loading system is suitable. The hydraulic substation 23 is activated and the oil pressure of the static loading system is set via the oil source control host computer 20. After the system pressure stabilizes without fluctuations, the static loading host computer 24 inputs displacement control parameters and controls the servo cylinder 25 to drive the disc-type loading fixture 7, applying axial displacement to the internal porous carrier 412 of the test piece 4. The force sensor installed at the front end of the servo cylinder 25 collects the changes in sliding friction between the internal porous carrier 412 and the outer shell 411 in real time during the loading process. The static loading host computer 24 simultaneously records the force-displacement curve, monitoring the trend of friction changes in real time. After loading is completed, the static loading system is controlled to slowly return to achieve smooth unloading. Then, the air circulation heating system is stopped, completing the anti-sliding friction test of the test piece 4 under the action of high-temperature hot air.

[0098] In this way, the frictional behavior of the internal carrier of the test piece under high temperature environment can be accurately measured, and the anti-slip performance of the test piece under continuous high temperature can be comprehensively and accurately evaluated.

[0099] This invention can be widely used for testing the anti-sliding friction force of various enclosed sandwich assembly structures under normal and high temperature conditions, as well as for the design and construction of anti-sliding friction force testing systems.

[0100] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that due to the limitations of textual expression, and the objective existence of infinite specific structures, those skilled in the art can make several improvements, modifications, or changes without departing from the principles of the present invention, and can also combine the above technical features in an appropriate manner. These improvements, modifications, changes, or combinations, or the direct application of the inventive concept and technical solution to other situations without modification, should all be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high temperature hot air resistance to sliding friction test apparatus, characterized by, The loading sealing device, the air circulation heating system, the static force loading system and the temperature measuring system are included, wherein: The loading sealing device includes a bearing frame (1), a bottom plate (2), a lower flange cover (3), a test piece (4), an upper flange cover (5), an upper exhaust cabin (6), a disc type loading tool (7) in the upper exhaust cabin (6) and an upper pressing plate (8) above the upper exhaust cabin (6), a window (9) and a window pressing plate (10) arranged in sequence from bottom to top and communicated internally on the bearing frame (1), the bearing frame (1) includes a base (111) and a support frame (112), a first through hole (113) is arranged at the center of the top surface of the base (111), a short pipe (211) is formed in the middle of the bottom plate (2), a second through hole (212) is arranged on the bottom plate (2) at the center of the short pipe (211), a flange end is formed by extending outward at the top of the short pipe (211), the lower flange cover (3) and the upper flange cover (5) are the same in structure and each has a hollow cylindrical flange in the middle, the flange of the lower flange cover (3) is installed in the short pipe (211) of the bottom plate (2), the test piece (4) includes a cylindrical shell (411) and an internal porous carrier (412), the upper and lower ends of the test piece (4) are arranged in the flanges of the upper flange cover (5) and the lower flange cover (3) respectively, the upper exhaust cabin (6) is open at the top and bottom and has a hollow structure inside, the disc type loading tool (7) includes an integrally formed disc (711) and a screw rod (712) at the center of the disc (711), the upper pressing plate (8) is an annular structure with a partition plate (811) arranged in the middle, a third through hole (812) is arranged at the center of the partition plate (811) for the screw rod (712) to pass through, the window (9) is installed at the hollow part on both sides of the partition plate (811), and the window (9) is fixed on the upper pressing plate (8) through the window pressing plate (10); The air circulation heating system includes a heating system and a ventilation system, the heating system includes a silicon controlled rectifier (11), a heating furnace (12), a first temperature sensor (13), a heating controller (14) and a heating control upper computer (15), the ventilation system includes a centrifugal fan (16), a wind speed sensor (17), a wind speed controller (18) and a wind speed control upper computer (19), and the air circulation heating system is connected with the loading sealing device through a circulation pipeline; The static force loading system includes an oil source control upper computer (20), an oil source (21), a cooler (22), a hydraulic substation (23), a static force loading upper computer (24), a servo oil cylinder (25), a servo controller (26) and a switching cabinet (27), the servo oil cylinder (25) is arranged on the support frame (112) of the bearing frame (1), and the servo oil cylinder (25) and the screw rod (712) are connected through an internal thread sleeve (28); The temperature measuring system includes a thermocouple sensor (29), a data acquisition instrument (30) and a temperature measuring upper computer (31).

2. The high temperature hot air under sliding friction resistance test apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The bottom plate (2) is connected with the base (111) by bolts, the flange end of the short pipe (211) of the bottom plate (2) is connected with the lower flange cover (3) by bolts, the bottom plate (2) is connected with the upper exhaust cabin (6) by studs (32), the flange end of the upper flange cover (5) is connected with the lower flange end of the upper exhaust cabin (6) by bolts, and the upper flange end of the upper exhaust cabin (6) is connected with the upper pressing plate (8) by bolts.

3. The high temperature hot air sliding friction resistance testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein, Sealing rings (33) are arranged in the annular gaps between the flanges of the lower flange cover (3) and the test piece (4) and between the flanges of the upper flange cover (5) and the test piece (4), and a sealing gasket (34) is arranged between the upper flange end of the upper exhaust cabin (6) and the upper pressing plate (8).

4. The high temperature hot air sliding friction resistance testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The heating furnace (12) comprises an electric heating pipe (121), a cylinder (122), thermal insulation cotton (123), a flow guide plate (124) and a footing (125), the first temperature sensor (13) is connected with a heating controller (14), the heating furnace (12) is connected with a thyristor (11), the thyristor (11), the heating controller (14) and a heating control host computer (15) are sequentially connected, and temperature closed-loop control and temperature stress application of the heating furnace (12) are realized.

5. The high temperature hot air sliding friction resistance testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The centrifugal fan (16), a wind speed controller (18) and a wind speed control host computer (19) are sequentially connected, the wind speed sensor (17) is connected with the wind speed controller (18), and wind speed closed-loop control of the centrifugal fan (16) is realized.

6. The high temperature hot air under sliding frictional force testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The circulating pipeline comprises pipeline I (35), pipeline II (36), pipeline III (37) and pipeline IV (38), the air outlet side of the heating furnace (12) is sequentially connected with the pipeline I (35), a first electric three-way ball valve (39) and the pipeline II (36), the pipeline I (35) is provided with a first pilot safety relief valve (40) and a first temperature sensor (13), the first electric three-way ball valve (39) is connected between the pipeline I (35) and the pipeline II (36), the other end of the pipeline II (36) is connected with a first through hole (113) of a base (111), the air inlet side of the heating furnace (12) is connected with the air outlet of a centrifugal fan (16), the air inlet of the centrifugal fan (16) is sequentially connected with the pipeline III (37), a second electric three-way ball valve (41) and the pipeline IV (38), the pipeline III (37) is provided with an electric butterfly valve (42), the pipeline IV (38) is provided with a second pilot safety relief valve (43) and a second temperature sensor (44), the second electric three-way ball valve (41) is connected between the pipeline III (37) and the pipeline IV (38), the other end of the pipeline IV (38) is connected with the air outlet (611) of an upper exhaust cabin (6), the first electric three-way ball valve (39) and the second electric three-way ball valve (41) are connected through a flange short section, the flow channel switching controller (45) is used to realize the flow channel switching of the preheating circulation mode and the heating circulation mode, the centrifugal fan (16) is used as a power source, the heat energy output by the heating system is circulated in the multi-section circulating pipeline to the loading sealing device, and a closed controllable hot air circulation loop is formed.

7. The high temperature hot air under sliding friction resistance test apparatus of claim 6, wherein, The flow channel in the preheating circulation mode is a ring-shaped loop comprising the centrifugal fan (16), the heating furnace (12), the pipeline I (35), the first pilot safety relief valve (40), the first temperature sensor (13), the first electric three-way ball valve (39), the flange short section connected between the first electric three-way ball valve (39) and the second electric three-way ball valve (41), the second electric three-way ball valve (41), the electric butterfly valve (42) and the pipeline III (37); the flow channel in the heating circulation mode is a ring-shaped loop comprising the centrifugal fan (16), the heating furnace (12), the pipeline I (35), the first pilot safety relief valve (40), the first temperature sensor (13), the first electric three-way ball valve (39), the pipeline II (36), the loading sealing device, the pipeline IV (38), the second pilot safety relief valve (43), the second temperature sensor (44), the second electric three-way ball valve (41), the electric butterfly valve (42) and the pipeline III (37).

8. The high temperature hot air under sliding friction resistance test apparatus of claim 6, wherein, The electric butterfly valve (42) is connected with a wind speed controller (18) to realize the emergency pressure relief of the electric butterfly valve (42).

9. The high temperature hot air under sliding friction resistance test apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The base (111) of the bearing frame (1), the foot support (125) of the heating furnace (12) and the centrifugal fan (16) are all installed on a foundation (46) through bolts.

Images