GIS-based territorial space planning optimization method and system
By using a GIS-based magnetic path planning model, the river path is automatically optimized, which solves the problem of unreasonable farmland water conservancy design in land planning and realizes the rational allocation of water supply and the safety and economy of the project.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511890466.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-15
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-03
AI Technical Summary
Current land planning often involves artificial design for farmland irrigation, without optimizing pathways based on farmland water demand, which can easily lead to floods or insufficient water supply.
The GIS-based land spatial planning optimization method constructs a magnetic path planning model, uses magnetic markers and virtual magnetic ropes for river path planning, combines GIS data and hydrological topography models, automatically optimizes river paths, considers water demand and obstacle areas, generates multiple sets of river planning schemes, and selects the optimal scheme.
The river route planning was made effective and reasonable, ensuring that the water supply met the demand, avoiding floods, and optimizing the project cost and safety.
Smart Images
Figure CN121457745A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of space planning, and particularly relates to a GIS-based land space planning optimization method and system. BACKGROUND
[0002] Land space planning is an important part of the national space governance system, which is a comprehensive, strategic, coordinated and constrained planning for arranging ecological, agricultural and urban functions in a certain area, scientifically delineating ecological protection red lines, permanent basic farmland, urban development boundaries and other control lines, optimizing land space structure and layout, and improving the quality and efficiency of land space development and protection.
[0003] In the current land planning process, the farmland water conservancy planning is often designed by humans, without path optimization according to the water demand of farmland, which is prone to flood disasters or water shortage. SUMMARY
[0004] The purpose of the application is to provide a GIS-based land space planning optimization method, which aims to solve the problem that in the current land planning process, the farmland water conservancy planning is often designed by humans, without path optimization according to the water demand of farmland, which is prone to flood disasters or water shortage.
[0005] The application is implemented as follows: a GIS-based land space planning optimization method, the method comprising: obtaining a water conservancy canal planning task, analyzing to obtain an upstream river path, a downstream river path and a region of different types of land, the land types including a water supply region, a red line region and a to-be-excavated region; querying GIS data to obtain exclusive GIS data corresponding to all lands in the region, determining a starting point and an ending point of the canal, constructing a path planning model based on magnetic force, the path planning model being composed of the starting point and the ending point of the to-be-planned canal, magnetic force markers of the water supply region and a virtual magnetic force rope connecting the starting point and the ending point; constructing a water conservancy terrain model of the region, determining a water supply amount of the water supply region based on the exclusive GIS data, setting corresponding magnetic force markers in the path planning model according to the water supply amount, performing magnetic force simulation, determining the curvature of each point of the virtual magnetic force rope, and obtaining a plurality of sets of river simulation data by modifying the total length of the virtual magnetic force rope; determining the actual excavation depth of each point of the river according to the curvature in the river simulation data and the water demand of the water supply region, obtaining a plurality of sets of river planning schemes, and screening based on preset scoring indicators to generate a final space planning implementation scheme.
[0006] Preferably, the step of obtaining dedicated GIS data for all land within the region by querying GIS data, determining the starting and ending points of the irrigation canal, and constructing a magnetic path planning model includes: By querying GIS data, we can determine the crop type, crop water requirement, rainfall, and elevation data for different types of regions, and obtain customized GIS data. Construct a plane coordinate system, mark the areas corresponding to each land type in the plane coordinate system, take the center point of the area to be supplied with water as the magnetic marker, take the red line area as the obstacle area, and connect the start and end points with a virtual magnetic rope. Determine the initial position of the elastic magnetic rope, perform meshing on the elastic magnetic rope, and set the initial length of the elastic magnetic rope.
[0007] Preferably, the steps of constructing a hydrological and topographical model of the region, determining the amount of water to be replenished in the area to be supplied based on dedicated GIS data, setting corresponding magnetic markers in the path planning model accordingly, performing magnetic simulation, determining the curvature of each point on the virtual magnetic rope, and obtaining multiple sets of river channel simulation data by modifying the total length of the virtual magnetic rope specifically include: A water conservancy topography model is constructed based on the elevation data of various points on the land. The annual water demand of crops in the area to be supplied with water is calculated based on the actual local rainfall. The amount of water to be replenished is calculated based on the actual local rainfall. The simulated magnetic field strength of the magnetic marker is calculated based on the amount of water to be replenished, and it is compensated based on the distance from the magnetic marker to the line connecting the start and end points. The fixed magnetic field strength of the virtual magnetic rope is then set. The total length of the virtual magnetic rope is gradually increased. Each time it is modified, a magnetic field simulation is performed based on the path planning model to determine the bending state of the virtual magnetic rope under that total length, thus obtaining river channel simulation data.
[0008] Preferably, the step of determining the actual excavation depth at each point in the river channel based on the curvature in the river channel simulation data and the water demand of the area to be supplied with water, obtaining multiple sets of river channel planning schemes, filtering them based on preset scoring indicators, and generating the final spatial planning implementation scheme specifically includes: Based on the relative position between the water supply area and the simulated river channel, the simulated river channel is divided into multiple river segments, and different river segments are used to provide water sources for different water supply areas. Based on the amount of water to be replenished in the area to be supplied and the corresponding length of the river section, the actual excavation depth of the river section is determined, and the river planning scheme corresponding to the set of river simulation data is obtained. The river planning schemes are scored according to the preset scoring indicators, and the river planning scheme with the highest score is selected as the final spatial planning implementation scheme.
[0009] Preferably, the scoring indicators include the sum of the maximum flood velocity, minimum rainfall, earthwork volume, and minimum water diversion distance.
[0010] Another object of the present invention is to provide a GIS-based land spatial planning optimization system, the system comprising: The task parsing module is used to obtain water conservancy and canal planning tasks, parse them, and obtain the upstream river path, downstream river path, and different types of land areas, including areas to be supplied with water, red line areas, and areas to be excavated. The path model construction module is used to obtain the exclusive GIS data corresponding to all land in the region by querying GIS data, determine the starting point and ending point of the water canal, and construct a magnetic path planning model. The path planning model consists of the starting point and ending point of the water canal to be planned, magnetic markers of the water supply area, and a virtual magnetic rope connecting the starting point and the ending point. The magnetic simulation module is used to construct a hydraulic topography model of the area. Based on dedicated GIS data, it determines the amount of water to be replenished in the area to be supplied with water. Accordingly, it sets corresponding magnetic markers in the path planning model, performs magnetic simulation, determines the curvature of each point of the virtual magnetic rope, and obtains multiple sets of river channel simulation data by modifying the total length of the virtual magnetic rope. The scheme optimization module is used to determine the actual excavation depth of each point in the river channel based on the curvature in the river channel simulation data and the water demand of the area to be supplied with water, and to obtain multiple sets of river channel planning schemes. Based on the preset scoring indicators, the schemes are selected to generate the final spatial planning implementation scheme.
[0011] Preferably, the path model construction module includes: The data query unit is used to query GIS data, determine crop types, crop water requirements, rainfall, and elevation data for different types of regions, and obtain dedicated GIS data. The punctuation and marking unit is used to construct a plane coordinate system, mark the areas corresponding to each land type in the plane coordinate system, take the center point of the area to be supplied with water as the magnetic punctuation point, take the red line area as the obstacle area, and connect the start and end points with a virtual magnetic rope. An initialization unit is used to determine the initial position of the elastic magnetic rope, perform meshing on the elastic magnetic rope, and set the initial length of the elastic magnetic rope.
[0012] Preferably, the magnetic simulation module includes: The water calculation unit is used to construct a water conservancy topography model based on the elevation data of various points on the land, calculate the annual water demand of crops in the area to be supplied with water, and calculate the amount of water to be replenished based on the actual local rainfall. The parameter compensation unit is used to calculate the simulated magnetic field strength of the magnetic marker based on the amount of water to be replenished, and to compensate for it based on the distance from the magnetic marker to the line connecting the start and end points, and to set the fixed magnetic field strength of the virtual magnetic rope. The bending simulation unit is used to gradually increase the total length of the virtual magnetic rope. Each time it is modified, a magnetic field simulation is performed based on the path planning model to determine the bending state of the virtual magnetic rope under that total length, and thus obtain the river channel simulation data.
[0013] Preferably, the scheme optimization module includes: The river segmentation unit is used to divide the simulated river into multiple river segments based on the relative position between the water supply area and the simulated river. Different river segments are used to provide water sources for different water supply areas. The river planning unit is used to determine the actual excavation depth of the river section based on the amount of water to be replenished in the area to be supplied and the corresponding length of the river section, so as to obtain the river planning scheme corresponding to the set of river simulation data. The scheme evaluation unit is used to score the river planning schemes according to the preset scoring indicators, and select the river planning scheme with the highest score as the final spatial planning implementation scheme.
[0014] Preferably, the scoring indicators include the sum of the maximum flood velocity, minimum rainfall, earthwork volume, and minimum water diversion distance.
[0015] This invention provides a GIS-based land spatial planning optimization method. By analyzing the planning task, it calculates the amount of water to be replenished in the water supply area, and constructs a virtual magnetic field using the amount of water to be replenished as a reference. The strength of the virtual magnetic field represents the amount of water to be replenished in the water supply area, thereby guiding the virtual magnetic rope to bend. This can automatically realize the planning of river paths. By limiting the total length, the river path planning can be completed under different constraints, ensuring the effectiveness of the river path planning. When planning, the water demand of each area is fully considered, and the path planning is more reasonable. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a GIS-based land spatial planning optimization method provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating the steps for constructing a path planning model provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A flowchart of the magnetic field simulation process provided in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating the scheme selection and optimization process provided in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 5An architecture diagram of a GIS-based land spatial planning optimization system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 An architecture diagram of a path model construction module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 An architecture diagram of a magnetic simulation module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is an architecture diagram of a scheme optimization module provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.
[0018] like Figure 1 The diagram shows a flowchart of a GIS-based land spatial planning optimization method provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The method includes: S100, obtain the water conservancy and canal planning task, perform analysis, and obtain the upstream river path, downstream river path and different types of land areas, including areas to be supplied with water, red line areas and areas to be excavated.
[0019] In this step, the water conservancy and canal planning task is obtained. The water conservancy and canal planning task includes the task of excavating the canal, including the upstream and downstream canal paths. The upstream and downstream canal paths represent the water source inlet and outlet points, respectively. Together, they determine the overall flow direction of the canal project. The water supply area is farmland, forest land, or ecological land that needs irrigation. The red line area is a prohibited area such as a legally protected ecological protection zone, basic farmland, or built-up area, which is a rigid constraint in the planning. The area to be excavated is the space within which excavation is permitted.
[0020] S200 obtains the exclusive GIS data corresponding to all land in the area by querying GIS data, determines the starting point and ending point of the water canal, and constructs a magnetic path planning model. The path planning model consists of the starting point and ending point of the water canal to be planned, magnetic markers in the area to be supplied with water, and a virtual magnetic rope connecting the starting point and the ending point.
[0021] In this step, GIS data is queried to retrieve the land attribute data of the region from the geographic information system database, including elevation data, soil type, crop information, and rainfall information. Based on the water requirements of crops in the region and the rainfall in the area, the amount of water needed for crop replenishment in the region can be determined, which is the amount of water required for the planned river channel. A virtual path planning model is constructed to automatically plan the path. The path planning model is a magnetic field simulation model. In this model, the start and end points of the river channel are marked, and a virtual magnetic rope is set between the start and end points to divide the area to be replenished into multiple water supply areas. A magnetic marker is set based on the amount of water to be replenished in each water supply area, and the magnetic marker is set as the centroid of the water supply area. During the simulation, the virtual magnetic rope will be attracted by each magnetic marker, thus naturally bending towards the water demand area while avoiding crossing the obstacle area, thereby realizing automatic path optimization.
[0022] S300: Construct a water conservancy and topography model for the region, determine the amount of water to be replenished in the area to be supplied based on dedicated GIS data, set corresponding magnetic markers in the path planning model accordingly, conduct magnetic simulation, determine the curvature of each point on the virtual magnetic rope, and obtain multiple sets of river channel simulation data by modifying the total length of the virtual magnetic rope.
[0023] In this step, a hydraulic topographic model of the region is constructed. This model is a digital elevation model generated from elevation data in GIS, used for hydrological analysis. Through hydraulic simulation, the natural water flow into each water-supply area is determined under the given rainfall conditions. The difference between the water demand of each water-supply area and the natural water flow is the required supplementary water volume, representing the minimum water volume needed by the planned river channel. Using crop water requirement models and rainfall data, the amount of water that cannot be met by natural rainfall alone and needs to be supplemented by irrigation canals is calculated. This required supplementary water volume is... The magnetic field strength of the magnetic markers is quantified, meaning that the greater the water demand in an area, the stronger the attraction of the magnetic markers. Through the magnetic simulation process, the force balance of the virtual magnetic rope under the attraction of each magnetic marker is calculated, thereby determining its final bending shape and curvature at each point. Different schemes are generated by modifying the total length of the virtual magnetic rope. Increasing the length is equivalent to allowing the canal to take a longer route to reach more water-demanding areas. Each time the length is modified and a simulation is performed, a new candidate path is generated. Finally, multiple sets of river channel simulation data containing path coordinates, curvature, and other information are output.
[0024] S400 determines the actual excavation depth at each point in the river channel based on the curvature in the river channel simulation data and the water demand of the area to be supplied with water, resulting in multiple river channel planning schemes. Based on preset scoring indicators, the schemes are selected to generate the final spatial planning implementation plan.
[0025] In this step, the actual excavation depth at each point in the river channel is determined based on the curvature in the simulated river data and the water demand of the area to be supplied. Curvature affects the flow velocity and scouring force. Deeper sections are set in the curved sections to ensure flow capacity and stability. The basic excavation depth and cross-sectional dimensions that meet the water conveyance requirements are calculated according to hydraulic formulas. A complete river planning scheme containing three-dimensional coordinates and corresponding excavation depth is generated for each simulated river channel. The scheme is then selected based on preset scoring indicators, including: earthwork volume (representing project cost), maximum flood velocity (representing project safety and durability), and minimum water diversion distance (representing water conveyance efficiency). The system comprehensively scores each scheme and finally selects the scheme that best balances cost, safety, and benefits as the final spatial planning and implementation scheme output to guide actual construction.
[0026] like Figure 2 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of obtaining dedicated GIS data for all land within the region by querying GIS data, determining the starting and ending points of the irrigation canal, and constructing a magnetic path planning model includes: S201, query GIS data to determine crop type, crop water requirement, rainfall and elevation data for different types of areas, and obtain dedicated GIS data.
[0027] In this step, by querying all geographic information data within the planning area, crop type information for different plots is extracted from the land use layer, such as identifying rice areas, wheat areas, and economic forest areas. Based on the crop type and its growth period, combined with the local agricultural meteorological database, the crop water requirement for each plot is calculated in cubic meters per hectare per year. The annual rainfall distribution data for the area is obtained from the meteorological data layer or station interpolation data. The elevation data of each grid point is read from the digital elevation model (DEM) data layer to reflect the topographic relief. The above data together constitute the exclusive GIS data for this area.
[0028] S202, construct a plane coordinate system, mark the areas corresponding to each land type in the plane coordinate system, take the center point of the area to be supplied with water as the magnetic marker, take the red line area as the obstacle area, and connect the starting point and the ending point with a virtual magnetic rope.
[0029] In this step, the model is spatially initialized in a unified Cartesian coordinate system. The various land areas obtained in the previous step are marked in the coordinate system according to their boundary coordinates. The areas to be supplied with water are filled with a specific color to distinguish them, and the red line areas are marked as dark-colored restricted areas. For each area to be supplied with water, the coordinates of its geometric center point are calculated and set as a magnetic marker. The magnetic marker will become the magnetic source for attracting the water channel path in the path planning model. The red line areas are defined as obstacle areas. In subsequent simulations, the path will be constrained not to cross this area. The start and end points of the water channel are located in the coordinate system and connected by an initial straight line segment. This line segment is the initial form of the virtual magnetic rope.
[0030] S203, determine the initial position of the elastic magnetic rope, perform meshing on the elastic magnetic rope, and set the initial length of the elastic magnetic rope.
[0031] In this step, the line connecting the start and end points is determined as the initial position of the elastic magnetic rope. This initial straight line is then meshed and uniformly divided into several small segments. Each segment is treated as a point mass, and adjacent points are connected by virtual springs with elastic coefficients. This transforms a continuous path planning problem into a mechanical equilibrium problem of a point mass-spring system. The initial length of the elastic magnetic rope is set, which is the Euclidean distance between the start and end points by default.
[0032] like Figure 3 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the steps of constructing a hydraulic topography model of the region, determining the amount of water to be replenished in the area to be supplied based on dedicated GIS data, setting corresponding magnetic markers in the path planning model accordingly, performing magnetic simulation, determining the curvature of each point on the virtual magnetic rope, and obtaining multiple sets of river channel simulation data by modifying the total length of the virtual magnetic rope, specifically include: S301 constructs a water conservancy topography model based on the elevation data of various points on the land, calculates the annual water demand of crops in the area to be supplied with water, and calculates the amount of water to be replenished based on the actual local rainfall.
[0033] In this step, a hydrological and topographical model of the region is constructed based on elevation data. The specific process includes: filling the DEM (Digital Elevation Model) to generate a flow direction matrix and a flow accumulation matrix; depicting the region's confluence paths and potential river networks; and calculating the required water replenishment volume based on dedicated GIS data. For each identified area requiring water supply, the total water demand over the entire growth cycle is calculated based on crop type and area, as well as preset crop water requirement reference values. Combined with the regional rainfall distribution in the GIS data, the amount of natural rainfall replenishing this water demand is calculated. The required water replenishment volume is the difference between the total water demand and the effective rainfall replenishment volume.
[0034] S302, the simulated magnetic field strength of the magnetic marker is calculated based on the amount of water to be replenished, and the magnetic marker is compensated based on the distance from the magnetic marker to the starting point and the ending point, and the fixed magnetic field strength of the virtual magnetic rope is set.
[0035] In this step, the calculated water replenishment volume is converted into the force parameters of the magnetic markers in the path planning model. A simulated magnetic field strength is set for each magnetic marker. This strength value is proportional to the water replenishment volume of the area it represents. The conversion formula is: Basic magnetic field strength = Water replenishment volume × Strength coefficient K, where K is a preset scaling factor, such as 0.01. A distance compensation mechanism is introduced: The vertical distance from each magnetic marker to the line connecting the start and end points is calculated, and the magnetic field strength is compensated based on this distance. The compensated strength is calculated as: Basic magnetic field strength × (1 + Compensation coefficient × Distance). Through compensation, the water-requiring areas far from the central axis can generate a stronger attraction, ensuring that the path can more effectively cover remote areas. At the same time, a fixed magnetic field strength is assigned to the virtual magnetic rope.
[0036] S303, gradually increase the total length of the virtual magnetic rope. Each time it is modified, perform a magnetic field simulation based on the path planning model to determine the bending state of the virtual magnetic rope under the given total length, and obtain the river channel simulation data.
[0037] In this step, the magnetic simulation process is initiated, treating the gridded virtual magnetic rope as a series of point masses and springs, with magnetic markers acting as gravitational sources. In each simulation iteration, the resultant force and torque of each point mass on the magnetic rope under the magnetic force of all magnetic markers are calculated. By solving the mechanical equilibrium equations, the spatial shape of the virtual magnetic rope when it reaches a stable state is finally determined, and the curvature data of each point on the rope is recorded. Based on the initial length, the total length of the virtual magnetic rope is gradually increased, for example, by 5% each time. Each time a new total length is set, the above magnetic simulation process is repeated to obtain a new path. By modifying the total length multiple times and conducting simulations, multiple sets of river channel simulation data are obtained. Each set of data contains a complete spatial coordinate sequence of the path and the curvature values of each point.
[0038] like Figure 4 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of determining the actual excavation depth of each point in the river channel based on the curvature in the river channel simulation data and the water demand of the area to be supplied with water, obtaining multiple sets of river channel planning schemes, screening them based on preset scoring indicators, and generating the final spatial planning implementation scheme specifically includes: S401, based on the relative position between the water supply area and the simulated river channel, divides the simulated river channel into multiple river segments, with different river segments used to provide water sources for different water supply areas.
[0039] In this step, each set of simulated river data is processed, dividing the continuous simulated river into multiple river segments. Using the nearest neighbor algorithm in spatial analysis, river segments are automatically assigned to each water supply area based on the spatial relationship between the simulated river and each water supply area. Specifically, the distance between each point on the river and the geometric center of all water supply areas is calculated, dividing the entire river into several segments, with each segment forming a unique correspondence with one or more specific water supply areas.
[0040] S402. Based on the amount of water to be replenished in the area to be supplied and the corresponding length of the river section, determine the actual excavation depth of the river section and obtain the river planning scheme corresponding to the set of river simulation data.
[0041] In this step, after dividing the river channel into sections, the actual excavation depth is calculated for each set of river channel simulation data, thus forming a complete river channel planning scheme. For each river channel section, the water replenishment volume of all water supply areas served by the section is summarized to obtain the total water conveyance flow that the section needs to bear. Combining the length of the section itself and the average slope obtained from the hydraulic topography model, the cross-sectional area and hydraulic radius of the river channel required to meet the water conveyance flow requirements are derived using hydraulic formulas. On this basis, a curvature data correction factor is applied: in the river channel bends, to avoid siltation caused by reduced flow velocity, the excavation depth at that point is increased according to the curvature. A detailed scheme containing three-dimensional path coordinates, design elevations of each point, excavation depth, and cross-sectional dimensions is generated. Each set of river channel simulation data corresponds to a river channel planning scheme.
[0042] S403: The river planning schemes are scored according to the preset scoring indicators, and the river planning scheme with the highest score is selected as the final spatial planning implementation scheme based on the scoring results.
[0043] In this step, a self-assessment and selection process is conducted using preset scoring indicators. The scoring criteria include the maximum flood velocity, minimum rainfall, earthwork volume, and minimum total water diversion distance. The maximum flood velocity is calculated based on the hydraulic topography model and flood frequency, using hydraulic simulation to determine the maximum flow velocity of the river under extreme hydrological conditions. The lower the velocity, the stronger the scour resistance of the scheme and the higher the safety score. The minimum rainfall simulation considers whether the scheme can still meet the most basic water supply needs during extremely dry years when the water source inflow is at its lowest. The higher the degree of satisfaction, the higher the score. Earthwork volume is calculated based on the river scheme, determining the total excavation and backfill earthwork volume of the entire project. The smaller the earthwork volume, the higher the economic score. The minimum total water diversion distance is the total length of the canal; the shorter the distance, the higher the score. Weights are assigned to each indicator and normalized. Finally, a weighted summation method is used to calculate the comprehensive score of each scheme. The river planning scheme with the highest score is selected and output as the final spatial planning implementation scheme.
[0044] like Figure 5 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a GIS-based land spatial planning optimization system, the system comprising: The task parsing module 100 is used to obtain water conservancy and canal planning tasks, perform parsing, and obtain the upstream river path, downstream river path, and different types of land areas, including areas to be supplied with water, red line areas, and areas to be excavated.
[0045] In this system, the task parsing module 100 acquires the water conservancy and canal planning task. The water conservancy and canal planning task includes the task content of this river channel excavation, including the upstream and downstream river paths. The upstream and downstream river paths represent the water source inlet and outlet points, respectively. Together, they determine the overall flow direction of the canal project. The water supply area is farmland, forest land, or ecological land that needs irrigation; the red line area is a prohibited area such as a legally protected ecological protection zone, basic farmland, or built-up area, which is used as a rigid constraint in the planning; the area to be excavated is the spatial range in which excavation is permitted.
[0046] The path model construction module 200 is used to obtain the exclusive GIS data corresponding to all land in the region by querying GIS data, determine the starting point and ending point of the water canal, and construct a magnetic path planning model. The path planning model consists of the starting point and ending point of the water canal to be planned, magnetic markers in the water supply area, and a virtual magnetic rope connecting the starting point and the ending point.
[0047] In this system, the path model construction module 200 queries GIS data and retrieves the attribute data of the land in the region from the geographic information system database, including elevation data, soil type, crop information, and rainfall information. Based on the water requirements of the crops in the region and the rainfall in the area, the amount of water to be replenished for the crops in the region can be determined, which is the amount of water required for the planned river channel. A virtual path planning model is constructed to automatically plan the path. The path planning model is a magnetic field simulation model. In this model, the start and end points of the river channel are marked, and a virtual magnetic rope is set between the start and end points to divide the area to be replenished into multiple water supply areas. A magnetic marker is set based on the amount of water to be replenished in each water supply area. The magnetic marker is set as the centroid of the water supply area. During the simulation, the virtual magnetic rope will be attracted by each magnetic marker, thus naturally bending towards the water demand area while avoiding crossing the obstacle area, thereby realizing automatic path optimization.
[0048] The magnetic simulation module 300 is used to construct a hydraulic topography model of the area. Based on dedicated GIS data, it determines the amount of water to be replenished in the area to be supplied with water. Accordingly, it sets corresponding magnetic markers in the path planning model, performs magnetic simulation, determines the curvature of each point of the virtual magnetic rope, and obtains multiple sets of river channel simulation data by modifying the total length of the virtual magnetic rope.
[0049] In this system, the magnetic simulation module 300 constructs a hydraulic topographic model of the region. This model is a digital elevation model generated from elevation data in GIS, used for hydrological analysis. Through hydraulic simulation, the natural water flow into each water-supply area is determined under the given rainfall conditions. The difference between the water demand of each water-supply area and the natural water flow is the required supplementary water volume, representing the minimum water volume needed by the planned river channel. Using crop water requirement models and rainfall data, the required supplementary water volume is calculated, as it cannot be met by natural rainfall alone. The value is quantified as the magnetic field strength of the magnetic markers. That is, the greater the water demand in an area, the stronger the attraction of the magnetic markers. Through the magnetic simulation process, the force balance of the virtual magnetic rope under the attraction of each magnetic marker is calculated, thereby determining its final bending shape and curvature at each point. Different schemes are generated by modifying the total length of the virtual magnetic rope. Increasing the length is equivalent to allowing the canal to take a longer route to reach more water demand areas. Each time the length is modified and a simulation is performed, a new candidate path is generated. Finally, multiple sets of river channel simulation data containing path coordinates, curvature and other information are output.
[0050] The scheme optimization module 400 is used to determine the actual excavation depth of each point in the river channel based on the curvature in the river channel simulation data and the water demand of the area to be supplied with water, to obtain multiple sets of river channel planning schemes, to filter them based on preset scoring indicators, and to generate the final spatial planning implementation scheme.
[0051] In this system, the scheme optimization module 400 determines the actual excavation depth of each point in the river channel based on the curvature in the simulated river data and the water demand of the area to be supplied. Curvature affects the water flow velocity and scouring force. Deeper sections are set in the curved sections to ensure flow capacity and stability. The basic excavation depth and cross-sectional dimensions that meet the water conveyance requirements are calculated according to hydraulic formulas. A complete river planning scheme containing three-dimensional coordinates and corresponding excavation depth is generated for each simulated river channel. The scheme is screened based on preset scoring indicators, including: earthwork volume, representing project cost; maximum flood flow velocity, representing project safety and durability; and minimum water diversion distance, representing water conveyance efficiency. The system comprehensively scores each scheme and finally selects the scheme that best balances cost, safety, and benefits as the final spatial planning and implementation scheme output to guide actual construction.
[0052] like Figure 6 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the path model construction module 200 includes: The data query unit 201 is used to query GIS data, determine the crop type, crop water requirement, rainfall and elevation data of different types of areas, and obtain exclusive GIS data.
[0053] In this module, the data query unit 201 queries all geographic information data within the planning area, extracts crop type information for different plots from the land use layer, such as identifying rice areas, wheat areas, and economic forest areas, calculates the crop water requirement for each plot based on the crop type and its growth period, combined with the local agricultural meteorological database, in cubic meters per hectare per year, obtains the annual rainfall distribution data for the area from the meteorological data layer or station interpolation data, and reads the elevation data of each grid point from the digital elevation model (DEM) data layer to reflect the topographic relief. The above data together constitute the exclusive GIS data for the area.
[0054] The punctuation unit 202 is used to construct a plane coordinate system, mark the areas corresponding to each land type in the plane coordinate system, take the center point of the area to be supplied with water as the magnetic punctuation point, take the red line area as the obstacle area, and connect the starting point and the ending point with a virtual magnetic rope.
[0055] In this module, the marking unit 202 performs spatial initialization of the model in a unified Cartesian coordinate system. Various land areas obtained in the previous steps are marked within the coordinate system according to their boundary coordinates. Areas awaiting water supply are filled with a specific color for distinction, and red-lined areas are marked as dark-colored restricted areas. For each area awaiting water supply, the coordinates of its geometric center point are calculated, and this point is set as a magnetic marker. The magnetic marker will become the magnetic source attracting the water channel path in the path planning model. The red-lined area is defined as an obstacle area; in subsequent simulations, the path will be constrained from crossing this area. The starting and ending points of the water channel are located in the coordinate system and connected by an initial straight line segment, which is the initial form of the virtual magnetic rope.
[0056] Initialization unit 203 is used to determine the initial position of the elastic magnetic rope, perform meshing processing on the elastic magnetic rope, and set the initial length of the elastic magnetic rope.
[0057] In this module, the initialization unit 203 determines the initial position of the elastic magnetic rope by using the line connecting the start and end points as the initial position. This initial straight line is then meshed and uniformly divided into several small segments. Each segment is treated as a mass point, and adjacent mass points are connected by virtual springs with elastic coefficients. This transforms a continuous path planning problem into a mechanical equilibrium problem of a mass-spring system. The initial length of the elastic magnetic rope is set, which is the Euclidean distance between the start and end points by default.
[0058] like Figure 7 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the magnetic simulation module 300 includes: The water quantity calculation unit 301 is used to construct a water conservancy topography model based on the elevation data of various points on the land, calculate the annual water demand of crops in the area to be supplied with water, and calculate the amount of water to be replenished based on the actual local rainfall.
[0059] In this module, the water calculation unit 301 constructs a hydraulic topographic model of the region based on elevation data. The specific process includes: filling the DEM (Digital Elevation Model) to generate a flow direction matrix and a flow accumulation matrix; depicting the region's confluence paths and potential river networks; and calculating the required water replenishment based on dedicated GIS data. For each identified area requiring water supply, the total water demand over the entire growth cycle is calculated based on crop type and area, as well as preset crop water requirement reference values. Combined with the regional rainfall distribution in the GIS data, the amount of natural rainfall replenishing this water demand is calculated. The required water replenishment is the difference between the total water demand and the effective rainfall replenishment.
[0060] The parameter compensation unit 302 is used to calculate the simulated magnetic field strength of the magnetic marker based on the amount of water to be replenished, and to compensate for it based on the distance from the magnetic marker to the line connecting the start and end points, and to set the fixed magnetic field strength of the virtual magnetic rope.
[0061] In this module, the parameter compensation unit 302 converts the calculated water replenishment volume into the force parameters of the magnetic markers in the path planning model. A simulated magnetic field strength is set for each magnetic marker, and the strength value is proportional to the water replenishment volume of the area it represents. The conversion formula is: magnetic field strength base value = water replenishment volume × strength coefficient K, where K is a preset scaling factor, such as 0.01. A distance compensation mechanism is introduced: the vertical distance from each magnetic marker to the line connecting the start and end points is calculated, and the magnetic field strength is compensated according to this distance. The compensated strength is calculated as: magnetic field strength base value × (1 + compensation coefficient × distance). Through compensation, the water-requiring area far from the central axis can generate a stronger attraction, ensuring that the path can more effectively cover remote areas. At the same time, a fixed magnetic field strength is given to the virtual magnetic rope.
[0062] The bending simulation unit 303 is used to gradually increase the total length of the virtual magnetic rope. Each time it is modified, a magnetic field simulation is performed based on the path planning model to determine the bending state of the virtual magnetic rope under the total length, and the river channel simulation data is obtained.
[0063] In this module, the bending simulation unit 303 initiates the magnetic simulation process, treating the gridded virtual magnetic rope as a series of particles and springs, with magnetic markers as the source of gravity. In each simulation iteration, the resultant force and torque of each particle on the magnetic rope under the magnetic force of all magnetic markers are calculated. By solving the mechanical equilibrium equations, the spatial shape of the virtual magnetic rope when it reaches a stable state is finally determined, and the curvature data of each point on the rope is recorded. Based on the initial length, the total length of the virtual magnetic rope is gradually increased, for example, by 5% each time. Each time a new total length is set, the above magnetic simulation process is repeated to obtain a new path. By modifying the total length multiple times and performing simulations, multiple sets of river channel simulation data are obtained. Each set of data contains a complete spatial coordinate sequence of the path and the curvature values of each point.
[0064] like Figure 8 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the scheme optimization module 400 includes: The river division unit 401 is used to divide the simulated river into multiple river segments according to the relative position between the water supply area and the simulated river. Different river segments are used to provide water sources for different water supply areas.
[0065] In this module, the river channel division unit 401 processes each set of river channel simulation data, dividing the continuous simulated river channel into multiple river channel segments. Using the nearest neighbor algorithm in spatial analysis, it automatically assigns a river channel segment to each water supply area based on the spatial relationship between the simulated river channel and each water supply area. Specifically, it calculates the distance between each point on the river channel and the geometric center of all water supply areas, dividing the entire river channel into several segments. Each segment forms a unique correspondence with one or more specific water supply areas.
[0066] River planning unit 402 is used to determine the actual excavation depth of the river section based on the amount of water to be replenished in the area to be supplied and the corresponding length of the river section, so as to obtain the river planning scheme corresponding to the set of river simulation data.
[0067] In this module, after completing the division of river segments, the river planning unit 402 calculates the actual excavation depth for each set of river simulation data, thereby forming a complete river planning scheme. For each river segment, the water replenishment volume of all water supply areas served by the segment is summarized to obtain the total water conveyance flow that the segment needs to bear. Combining the length of the segment itself and the average slope obtained from the hydraulic topography model, the cross-sectional area and hydraulic radius of the river channel required to meet the water conveyance flow requirements are derived using hydraulic formulas. On this basis, the curvature data correction factor is applied: in the river bend section, in order to avoid the slowdown of flow velocity leading to siltation, the excavation depth at that point is increased according to the curvature. A detailed scheme containing three-dimensional path coordinates, design elevation of each point, excavation depth and cross-sectional dimensions is generated. Each set of river simulation data corresponds to a river planning scheme.
[0068] The scheme evaluation unit 403 is used to score the river planning schemes according to the preset scoring indicators, and select the river planning scheme with the highest score as the final spatial planning implementation scheme based on the scoring results.
[0069] In this module, the scheme evaluation unit 403 uses preset scoring indicators for self-evaluation and screening. The scoring criteria include maximum flood velocity, minimum rainfall, earthwork volume, and minimum total water diversion distance. Maximum flood velocity is based on the hydraulic topography model and flood frequency. The maximum flow velocity of the river under extreme hydrological conditions is calculated through hydraulic simulation. The lower the velocity, the stronger the scheme's erosion resistance and the higher the safety score. Minimum rainfall simulates whether the scheme can still meet the most basic water supply needs in extremely dry hydrological years when the water source inflow is minimal. The higher the degree of satisfaction, the higher the score. Earthwork volume: The total excavation and backfill earthwork volume of the entire project is calculated based on the river scheme. The smaller the earthwork volume, the higher the economic score. Minimum total water diversion distance: The total length of the canal. The shorter the distance, the higher the score. Weights are assigned to each indicator and normalized. Finally, the comprehensive score of each scheme is calculated by weighted summation. The river planning scheme with the highest score is selected and output as the final spatial planning implementation scheme.
[0070] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A GIS-based method for optimizing land spatial planning, characterized in that, The method includes: The task of water conservancy and canal planning is obtained, analyzed, and the upstream river path, downstream river path, and different types of land areas are obtained. The land types include areas to be supplied with water, red line areas, and areas to be excavated. By querying GIS data, we can obtain the exclusive GIS data corresponding to all land in the area, determine the starting point and ending point of the water channel, and construct a magnetic path planning model. The path planning model consists of the starting point and ending point of the water channel to be planned, the magnetic markers of the water supply area, and the virtual magnetic rope connecting the starting point and the ending point. A hydrological topographic model of the region was constructed. Based on dedicated GIS data, the amount of water to be replenished in the water supply area was determined. Accordingly, corresponding magnetic markers were set in the path planning model, magnetic simulation was performed, the curvature of each point of the virtual magnetic rope was determined, and multiple sets of river channel simulation data were obtained by modifying the total length of the virtual magnetic rope. Based on the curvature in the river channel simulation data and the water demand of the area to be supplied, the actual excavation depth of each point in the river channel is determined, resulting in multiple river channel planning schemes. Based on preset scoring indicators, the schemes are selected to generate the final spatial planning implementation plan.
2. The GIS-based land spatial planning optimization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of obtaining dedicated GIS data for all land within the region by querying GIS data, determining the starting and ending points of the irrigation canal, and constructing a magnetic path planning model include: By querying GIS data, we can determine the crop type, crop water requirement, rainfall, and elevation data for different types of regions, and obtain customized GIS data. Construct a plane coordinate system, mark the areas corresponding to each land type in the plane coordinate system, take the center point of the area to be supplied with water as the magnetic marker, take the red line area as the obstacle area, and connect the start and end points with a virtual magnetic rope. Determine the initial position of the elastic magnetic rope, perform meshing on the elastic magnetic rope, and set the initial length of the elastic magnetic rope.
3. The GIS-based land spatial planning optimization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of constructing a hydrological and topographical model of the region, determining the amount of water to be replenished in the water-supply area based on dedicated GIS data, setting corresponding magnetic markers in the path planning model accordingly, performing magnetic simulation, determining the curvature of each point on the virtual magnetic rope, and obtaining multiple sets of river channel simulation data by modifying the total length of the virtual magnetic rope, specifically include: A water conservancy topography model is constructed based on the elevation data of various points on the land. The annual water demand of crops in the area to be supplied with water is calculated based on the actual local rainfall. The amount of water to be replenished is calculated based on the actual local rainfall. The simulated magnetic field strength of the magnetic marker is calculated based on the amount of water to be replenished, and it is compensated based on the distance from the magnetic marker to the line connecting the start and end points. The fixed magnetic field strength of the virtual magnetic rope is then set. The total length of the virtual magnetic rope is gradually increased. Each time it is modified, a magnetic field simulation is performed based on the path planning model to determine the bending state of the virtual magnetic rope under that total length, thus obtaining river channel simulation data.
4. The GIS-based land spatial planning optimization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of determining the actual excavation depth at various points in the river channel based on the curvature in the simulated river channel data and the water demand of the area to be supplied with water, obtaining multiple sets of river channel planning schemes, filtering them based on preset scoring indicators, and generating the final spatial planning implementation scheme specifically include: Based on the relative position between the water supply area and the simulated river channel, the simulated river channel is divided into multiple river segments, and different river segments are used to provide water sources for different water supply areas. Based on the amount of water to be replenished in the area to be supplied and the corresponding length of the river section, the actual excavation depth of the river section is determined, and the river planning scheme corresponding to the set of river simulation data is obtained. The river planning schemes are scored according to the preset scoring indicators, and the river planning scheme with the highest score is selected as the final spatial planning implementation scheme.
5. The GIS-based land spatial planning optimization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scoring indicators include the sum of maximum flood velocity, minimum rainfall, earthwork volume, and minimum water diversion distance.
6. A GIS-based land spatial planning optimization system, characterized in that, The system includes: The task parsing module is used to obtain water conservancy and canal planning tasks, parse them, and obtain the upstream river path, downstream river path, and different types of land areas, including areas to be supplied with water, red line areas, and areas to be excavated. The path model construction module is used to obtain the exclusive GIS data corresponding to all land in the region by querying GIS data, determine the starting point and ending point of the water canal, and construct a magnetic path planning model. The path planning model consists of the starting point and ending point of the water canal to be planned, magnetic markers of the water supply area, and a virtual magnetic rope connecting the starting point and the ending point. The magnetic simulation module is used to construct a hydraulic topography model of the area. Based on dedicated GIS data, it determines the amount of water to be replenished in the area to be supplied with water. Accordingly, it sets corresponding magnetic markers in the path planning model, performs magnetic simulation, determines the curvature of each point of the virtual magnetic rope, and obtains multiple sets of river channel simulation data by modifying the total length of the virtual magnetic rope. The scheme optimization module is used to determine the actual excavation depth of each point in the river channel based on the curvature in the river channel simulation data and the water demand of the area to be supplied with water, and to obtain multiple sets of river channel planning schemes. Based on the preset scoring indicators, the schemes are selected to generate the final spatial planning implementation scheme.
7. The GIS-based land spatial planning optimization system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The path model construction module includes: The data query unit is used to query GIS data, determine crop types, crop water requirements, rainfall, and elevation data for different types of regions, and obtain dedicated GIS data. The punctuation and marking unit is used to construct a plane coordinate system, mark the areas corresponding to each land type in the plane coordinate system, take the center point of the area to be supplied with water as the magnetic punctuation point, take the red line area as the obstacle area, and connect the start and end points with a virtual magnetic rope. An initialization unit is used to determine the initial position of the elastic magnetic rope, perform meshing on the elastic magnetic rope, and set the initial length of the elastic magnetic rope.
8. The GIS-based land spatial planning optimization system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The magnetic simulation module includes: The water calculation unit is used to construct a water conservancy topography model based on the elevation data of various points on the land, calculate the annual water demand of crops in the area to be supplied with water, and calculate the amount of water to be replenished based on the actual local rainfall. The parameter compensation unit is used to calculate the simulated magnetic field strength of the magnetic marker based on the amount of water to be replenished, and to compensate for it based on the distance from the magnetic marker to the line connecting the start and end points, and to set the fixed magnetic field strength of the virtual magnetic rope. The bending simulation unit is used to gradually increase the total length of the virtual magnetic rope. Each time it is modified, a magnetic field simulation is performed based on the path planning model to determine the bending state of the virtual magnetic rope under that total length, and thus obtain the river channel simulation data.
9. The GIS-based land spatial planning optimization system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The scheme optimization module includes: The river segmentation unit is used to divide the simulated river into multiple river segments based on the relative position between the water supply area and the simulated river. Different river segments are used to provide water sources for different water supply areas. The river planning unit is used to determine the actual excavation depth of the river section based on the amount of water to be replenished in the area to be supplied and the corresponding length of the river section, so as to obtain the river planning scheme corresponding to the set of river simulation data. The scheme evaluation unit is used to score the river planning schemes according to the preset scoring indicators, and select the river planning scheme with the highest score as the final spatial planning implementation scheme.
10. The GIS-based land spatial planning optimization system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The scoring indicators include the sum of maximum flood velocity, minimum rainfall, earthwork volume, and minimum water diversion distance.