Fertilizing equipment and cremastra appendiculata planting method
By designing a fertilization device with a combination of reverse and forward spray heads and a lever structure, the problems of uneven spraying on both sides of the leaves of *Gnaphalium affine* and fertilizer waste have been solved, achieving efficient fertilizer utilization and cost reduction.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511539377.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-06
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, the application of amino acid foliar fertilizer to *Gnaphalium affine* is inefficient, making it difficult to achieve uniform coverage of both sides of the leaves. Furthermore, the fertilizer is prone to drifting during the spraying process, leading to waste and increased costs.
A fertilization device was designed, which includes a reverse spray head and a front spray head, and a lever structure to achieve uniform spraying on both sides of the leaves. The device also collects the scattered and dripping fertilizer solution through a recycling component, and then processes and reuses it.
It enables efficient spraying on both sides of the leaves, improves fertilizer absorption efficiency, reduces fertilizer waste, and lowers planting costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN121464892A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of the cultivation of the tricholoma matsutake, and particularly relates to a fertilization equipment and a tricholoma matsutake cultivation method. BACKGROUND
[0002] As a plant of orchidaceae with medicinal and economic values, the tricholoma matsutake has strict requirements for the growth environment of the fleshy root system, and is poor in tolerance to granular fertilizer, which is easy to cause the local soil nutrient concentration to be too high after application, and to cause the root burning phenomenon, thereby seriously affecting the plant growth and yield. Therefore, in the actual planting process, the planters often use liquid fertilizers such as amino acid foliar fertilizer to supplement nutrients, which can not only avoid the fixation and adsorption of soil to nutrients, but also achieve rapid fertilization. Research shows that the stomatal density of the tricholoma matsutake leaf reverse side is significantly higher than that of the front side, and the absorption rate and utilization rate of the amino acid foliar fertilizer on the reverse side are much better than those on the front side. Therefore, only the single foliar spraying cannot meet the efficient absorption requirement of the plant, and the overall coverage of the front and reverse sides of the leaf becomes the key to improve the fertilization effect.
[0003] The traditional spraying method of the current amino acid foliar fertilizer mainly relies on manual handheld sprayers or ordinary mechanical devices, which has many technical defects. The manual spraying has low efficiency, and is difficult to uniformly spray the reverse side of the leaf due to the limitation of the operation angle. The ordinary mechanical spraying can only cover the front side of the leaf, which leads to insufficient absorption of the fertilizer. At the same time, the misty fertilizer formed in the spraying process is easy to drift, and part of the fertilizer liquid will drip from the leaf to the soil surface. Since the formula design of the foliar fertilizer is mainly adapted to the absorption of the leaf, the absorption efficiency of the root of the tricholoma matsutake is very low, and the dripping fertilizer liquid cannot be effectively utilized, which not only reduces the utilization rate of the fertilization, but also causes the waste of the fertilizer and increases the planting cost. SUMMARY
[0004] In view of the technical defects in the background art, the present application provides an automatic fertilization equipment and a tricholoma matsutake cultivation method, which solves the above technical problems and meets the actual needs. The specific technical scheme is as follows: A tricholoma matsutake cultivation method, comprising the following steps: S1. During August to December, land preparation is carried out: clearing the field debris, deep ploughing the land, uniformly mixing and scattering 3-chloro-1-bromo-isocyanuric acid into the soil, re-ploughing and leveling the land, and constructing the field sprinkling irrigation facilities and setting up the sunshade net; S2. During September to the next February, transplanting is carried out: the ridging width is 1.2 m, the drainage ditch depth is greater than or equal to 30 cm, the row spacing and plant spacing are kept at 15 cm x 15 cm, and the tricholoma matsutake seedlings are planted; S3. During the period from December to February of next year, field management is carried out: continuous patrol, weed removal, watering to maintain moisture, and spraying of agents for prevention of gray mold, bacterial diseases and leaf spot, including a gray mold prevention agent formula, a leaf spot prevention agent formula, a bacterial disease prevention agent formula, and an amino acid foliar fertilizer, which are sprayed on the leaves, plants and both sides of the leaves in all directions, 2 times per month; S4. In March of the next year and thereafter, field management is continued, including weeding and spraying, until the second or third year of digging: removing field ground facilities and sundries, and manually or mechanically digging the Volvaria volvacea, removing rotten parts and rhizomes, and stacking the finished products in a cool and ventilated place.
[0005] As a further technical solution of the present application, the soil disinfectant in step S1 is a mixture of lime and 3-chloro-1-bromo-isocyanuric acid, wherein the amount of lime is 100 kg / acre and the amount of 3-chloro-1-bromo-isocyanuric acid is 2 kg / acre.
[0006] As a further technical solution of the present application, the field management in step S3 further includes reasonable pruning and timely cleaning, which enhances plant permeability through pruning, and timely cleaning of diseased plants and residual diseased leaves, which are concentrated and buried or burned.
[0007] A fertilization device is applied to the application of amino acid foliar fertilizer in the Volvaria volvacea planting method, comprising a driving vehicle, an n-shaped box connected to the front end of the driving vehicle, a fertilization assembly arranged in the n-shaped box, and a recovery assembly. The fertilization assembly is provided with a plurality of reverse spray heads on the front side of the n-shaped box and a plurality of front spray heads on the rear side. The recovery assembly comprises recovery negative pressure covers arranged above the reverse spray heads and the front spray heads on the rear side, respectively, a recovery main pipe arranged between the recovery negative pressure covers, a pipeline fan arranged on the recovery main pipe, and a recovery tank in communication with the liquid outlet end of the recovery main pipe. The bottom of the recovery tank is connected to a third mounting plate, the two ends of the third mounting plate are connected to the inner walls of the n-shaped box, a cooling liquefaction assembly is arranged in the pipeline of the recovery main pipe above the recovery tank, recovery branch pipes are arranged on the top of the recovery negative pressure cover at equal intervals along the length direction of the recovery negative pressure cover, the two ends of each recovery branch pipe are in communication with the recovery main pipe and the recovery negative pressure cover, respectively, and a filter assembly is arranged in the pipeline of the recovery main pipe below the recovery branch pipe.
[0008] As a further technical scheme of the present application, the reverse spray head is provided with a first mounting frame connected with the inner wall of the n-shaped box on the front side of the n-shaped box, the reverse spray heads are installed on the first mounting frame at equal intervals along the width direction of the n-shaped box, a second mounting frame connected with the inner wall of the n-shaped box is arranged above the first mounting frame, a plurality of groups of upwardly inclined push rods are connected to the second mounting frame, each group of the push rods is arranged between the reverse spray heads, and two push rods in each group of the push rods are arranged in a horn shape with the front small and the rear large. The front spray head is arranged at the rear side of the third mounting plate, and the front spray head is correspondingly arranged with the reverse spray head.
[0009] As a further technical scheme of the present application, the driving vehicle is provided with a first conveying pump and a medicine box, the liquid inlet end of the first conveying pump is communicated with the medicine box through a conveying hose, the liquid outlet end of the first conveying pump is communicated with the front spray head and the reverse spray head through conveying hoses respectively, a second conveying pump is arranged on the third mounting plate, the liquid inlet end of the second conveying pump is communicated with the recovery box through a conveying hose, and the liquid outlet end of the second conveying pump is communicated with the front spray head and the reverse spray head through conveying hoses respectively.
[0010] As a further technical scheme of the present application, the front spray head and the reverse spray head are the same in structure and each include a spray seat and three nozzles arranged on the spray seat, the nozzles are arranged in a fan shape on the spray seat, and the nozzles on both sides of the spray seat are inclined at °.
[0011] As a further technical scheme of the present application, the filtering assembly includes a rubber plate covering the top end of the recovery main pipe, a filtering barrel arranged inside the top end of the recovery main pipe, and a connecting rod, both ends of the connecting rod are connected with the inner wall of the bottom of the rubber plate and the filtering barrel respectively, the filtering barrel is arranged below the connection between the recovery branch pipe and the recovery main pipe, the bottom of the filtering barrel is provided with a filter screen, both sides of the top of the filtering barrel are provided with sliding blocks, a sliding groove capable of cooperating with the sliding blocks is arranged on the inner wall of the top end of the recovery main pipe, the top end of the recovery main pipe is provided with a threaded sealing cover, and the rubber plate is arranged inside the sealing cover.
[0012] As a further technical scheme of the present application, the cooling and liquefying assembly includes an outer sleeve pipe arranged outside the recovery main pipe, a cooling coil pipe arranged in the outer sleeve pipe, and a circulating refrigeration machine arranged on the third mounting plate, the circulating refrigeration machine is communicated with the cooling coil pipe, and the cooling coil pipe is spirally wound on the recovery main pipe.
[0013] As a further technical scheme of the present application, a first liquefied copper mesh and a second liquefied copper mesh connected with the inside of the recovery main pipe are arranged in the corresponding area of the outer sleeve pipe along the gas flow direction, and the mesh aperture of the first liquefied copper mesh is larger than that of the second liquefied copper mesh.
[0014] The present application has the advantages that: in the planting method, through complete land disinfection, reasonable transplanting specification, field management targeted disease prevention and control and paying attention to all-round leaf fertilization, good conditions are provided for the growth of the Morinda Officinalis How and the health of the plants is ensured; in the fertilization equipment, through the cooperation of the front and back spray heads and the poking rod, uniform spraying of the front and back of the leaves is realized, the fertilizer absorption efficiency is improved; the recovery assembly can recover the scattered and dripped fertilizer solution, the recovered fertilizer solution is recycled after treatment, waste is reduced, after the cooperation of the planting method and the fertilization equipment, the scientific planting method plays a basic guarantee role, the special fertilization equipment solves the disadvantages of traditional spraying, the yield of the Morinda Officinalis How is effectively improved and the planting cost is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0015] Figure 1 It is a sectional view of the internal structure of the present application.
[0016] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic view of the fertilization assembly and the recovery assembly of the present application.
[0017] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic view of the fertilization assembly and the recovery assembly of the present application.
[0018] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic view of the back spray head and the back spray head of the present application.
[0019] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic view of the cooling liquefaction assembly of the present application.
[0020] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic view of the filtering assembly of the present application.
[0021] The drawings show that: 1 is a driving vehicle; 11 is an n-shaped box; 2 is a fertilization assembly; 21 is a first mounting frame; 22 is a second mounting frame; 23 is a third mounting plate; 24a is a back spray head; 24b is a front spray head; 241 is a spray seat; 242 is a nozzle; 25 is a medicine box; 26 is a first conveying pump; 27 is a poking rod; 3 is a recovery assembly; 31 is a recovery box; 32 is a recovery main pipe; 321 is a sealing cover; 322 is a sliding groove; 33 is a pipeline fan; 34 is a recovery negative pressure cover; 341 is a recovery branch pipe; 35 is a cooling liquefaction assembly; 351 is an outer sleeve pipe; 352 is a cooling coil; 353 is a circulating refrigeration machine; 354 is a first liquefaction copper mesh; 355 is a second liquefaction copper mesh; 36 is a filtering assembly; 361 is a rubber plate; 362 is a filtering barrel; 363 is a sliding block; 364 is a connecting rod; 37 is a second conveying pump. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] The embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with relevant examples, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to the following examples, and the present application relates to the necessary components in the related technical field, which should be regarded as the known technology in the technical field, and can be known and mastered by the person skilled in the art.
[0023] A method for cultivating Morchella, comprising the following steps: S1. During August to December, land preparation is performed: field debris is cleaned, land is ploughed, slaked lime and 3-chloro-1-bromo-isocyanuric acid are mixed and applied to the soil, the land is ploughed and leveled, and field sprinkling irrigation facilities are constructed and sunshade nets are erected; S2. During September to the following February, transplanting is performed: the ridging width is 1.2 m, the drainage ditch depth is greater than or equal to 30 cm, the row spacing and plant spacing are maintained at 15 cm x 15 cm, and Morchella seedlings are planted; S3. During December to the following February, field management is performed: continuous patrol is performed, weeds are removed, water is sprayed to maintain moisture, and agents for preventing and treating gray mold, bacterial diseases and leaf spot diseases and an amino acid foliar fertilizer are sprayed, the agents include an agent formula for preventing and treating gray mold, an agent formula for preventing and treating leaf spot diseases, and an agent formula for preventing and treating bacterial diseases, the agent formula for preventing and treating gray mold, the agent formula for preventing and treating leaf spot diseases, the agent formula for preventing and treating bacterial diseases, and the amino acid foliar fertilizer are sprayed in all directions on the leaf surface, the plant and the front and back of the leaf, and spraying is performed twice a month; S4. In the following March and thereafter, field management is continued, including weeding and pesticide spraying, until Morchella is harvested in the second or third year: field ground facilities and debris are removed, Morchella is harvested by manual or mechanical harvesting, rotten parts and rhizomes are removed, and the finished product is stacked in a cool and ventilated place.
[0024] In the above cultivation method, during the field management of steps S3 and S4, prevention and treatment of gray mold, leaf spot diseases and bacterial diseases are continuously performed, specifically, the prevention and treatment of gray mold is performed by alternately spraying a mixture of procymidone wettable powder and chlorothalonil in a ratio of 1:1 and water to form a 800-1000 times liquid, and a mixture of dimethomorph and chlorothalonil in a ratio of 1:1 and water to form a 800-1000 times liquid; the prevention method of leaf spot diseases is to mix 70% methylthiophanate wettable powder 1000 times liquid and 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 1000 times liquid in a ratio of 3:1 and then spray; and the prevention and treatment method of bacterial diseases is to use thiazol zinc suspension 800-1000 times liquid, copper hydroxide water dispersible granules 1500-2000 times liquid, and kasugamycin water 600-800 times liquid in rotation.
[0025] In the planting method of the present application, step S1 uses a sterilizing agent to thoroughly sterilize the soil, combined with sprinkler facilities and sunshade nets, to create a suitable initial growth environment for the Morinda officinalis; step S2 uses scientific ridge formation, drainage and plant spacing design, taking into account ventilation and light transmission and land utilization rate, to avoid waterlogging; step S3 sprays targeted pesticides and foliar fertilizers, combined with pruning and cleaning, to effectively control diseases and improve nutrient absorption efficiency; step S4 continues field management until harvesting, to ensure the quality of later growth. The overall process forms a whole-cycle control, effectively reduces the risk of diseases and pests, improves the growth of plants, and provides technical support for high-quality and large-scale planting of Morinda officinalis.
[0026] As one of the preferred embodiments of the present application, the soil sterilizing agent in step S1 is a mixture of lime and 3-chloro-1-bromo-isocyanuric acid, wherein the amount of lime is 100 kg / acre and the amount of 3-chloro-1-bromo-isocyanuric acid is 2 kg / acre.
[0027] Lime not only can kill part of the pathogenic bacteria and insect eggs in the soil, but also can adjust the acid-base value of acidic soil and improve the soil environment for the growth of the root system of Morinda officinalis; 3-chloro-1-bromo-isocyanuric acid, as a high-efficiency broad-spectrum sterilizing agent, can quickly kill the residual harmful microorganisms and make up for the limitations of lime sterilization. The use of 100 kg / acre of lime and 2 kg / acre of 3-chloro-1-bromo-isocyanuric acid can not only avoid the damage to the soil structure or phytotoxicity caused by excessive use of a single sterilizing agent, but also ensure complete sterilization and reduce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases in the process of Morinda officinalis planting from the source, providing a safe growth foundation for the fragile fleshy root system of Morinda officinalis.
[0028] As one of the preferred embodiments of the present application, the field management in step S3 further includes reasonable pruning and timely cleaning, which can enhance the permeability of the plant by pruning and timely clean up of diseased plants and residual diseased leaves by centralized deep burial or burning.
[0029] Reasonable pruning can remove dense and overgrown branches and leaves, optimize the crown structure of the plant, and improve the ventilation and light transmission in the field, which not only facilitates the uniform spraying of amino acid foliar fertilizer to the front and back of the leaves, improving the absorption efficiency, but also reduces the risk of diseases caused by high humidity environment. Timely cleaning targets the pathogen carriers such as diseased plants and residual diseased leaves, which can completely cut off the transmission path of diseases such as gray mold and leaf spot, and avoid the accumulation and spread of pathogenic bacteria in the field.
[0030] For example, Figures 1 to 6As shown, the present invention also provides a fertilization device for applying amino acid foliar fertilizer in the cultivation of *Gnaphalium affine*, comprising a drive vehicle 1, an n-shaped box 11 connected to the front end of the drive vehicle, a fertilization component 2 disposed within the n-shaped box 11, and a recovery component 3. The fertilization component 2 has a plurality of reverse spray heads 24a disposed on the front side of the n-shaped box 11 and a plurality of front spray heads 24b disposed on the rear side. The recovery component 3 includes a recovery negative pressure hood 34 respectively disposed above the reverse spray heads 24a and the plurality of front spray heads 24b disposed on the rear side, a recovery main pipe 32 disposed between the recovery negative pressure hoods 34, and a recovery main pipe 32 disposed between the recovery negative pressure hoods 34. The duct fan 33 on the 32 is connected to the liquid outlet of the main recovery pipe 32. The bottom of the recovery pipe 31 is connected to a third mounting plate 23. Both ends of the third mounting plate 23 are connected to the inner wall of the n-shaped box 11. A cooling liquefaction component 35 is installed in the main recovery pipe 32 above the recovery pipe 31. The top of the recovery negative pressure shroud 34 is provided with recovery branch pipes 341 arranged at equal intervals along the length of the recovery negative pressure shroud 34. Both ends of the recovery branch pipes 341 are connected to the main recovery pipe 32 and the recovery negative pressure shroud 34 respectively. A filter component 36 is installed in the main recovery pipe 32 below the recovery branch pipes 341.
[0031] This invention achieves efficient spraying of both the front and back sides of leaves through the coordination of various components in the fertilization assembly 2. The levers 27 on the second mounting frame 22 are arranged in a trumpet shape with a smaller front and a larger back, and are located between the reverse spray heads 24a. When the equipment moves, the levers 27 can gently lift the leaves of the hairy arrowhead, making it easier for the reverse spray heads 24a to spray amino acid foliar fertilizer on the reverse side of the hairy arrowhead leaves. The front spray head 24b on the rear side of the third mounting plate 23 is set to correspond with the reverse spray head 24a, and can spray the front side of the leaves. The combination of the two solves the problem that traditional equipment can only cover a single leaf surface, greatly improving fertilizer absorption efficiency.
[0032] The synergy between the recovery component 3 and the fertilization component 2 enables efficient recovery and recycling of the fertilizer solution. The recovery negative pressure hood 34 is positioned above the reverse spray head 24a and the front spray head 24b, respectively. Under the action of the pipe fan 33, negative pressure is generated, which can quickly suck away the mist-like fertilizer solution scattered during the spraying process and the fertilizer solution dripping from the leaf tips. The solution flows into the recovery main pipe 32 through the recovery branch pipe 341 and into the filter component 36. The filter bucket 362 is placed below the connection between the recovery branch pipe 341 and the recovery main pipe 32. Its bottom filter screen can filter impurities to ensure the purity of the recovered fertilizer solution. The cooling coil 352 of the cooling liquefaction component 35 is spirally wound on the recovery main pipe 32. With the cooperation of the first liquefaction copper mesh 354 and the second liquefaction copper mesh 355, the mist-like fertilizer solution can be quickly liquefied and finally flows into the recovery box 31. The cooperation between the recovery box 31 and the second delivery pump 37 realizes the recycling of the fertilizer solution. The second delivery pump 37 re-transports the treated fertilizer solution from the recycling tank 31 to the front spray head 24b and the back spray head 24a for spraying again, which greatly reduces fertilizer waste and lowers planting costs.
[0033] In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the reverse spray head 24a is provided with a first mounting bracket 21 connected to the inner wall of the n-shaped box 11 on the front side of the n-shaped box 11. The reverse spray heads 24a are mounted on the first mounting bracket 21 at equal intervals along the width direction of the n-shaped box 11. A second mounting bracket 22 connected to the inner wall of the n-shaped box 11 is provided above the first mounting bracket 21. Several sets of upwardly inclined levers 27 are connected to the second mounting bracket 22. Each set of levers 27 is located between the reverse spray heads 24a. The two levers 27 in each set of levers 27 are arranged in a trumpet shape with the front smaller than the rear. The front spray head 24b is located on the rear side of the third mounting plate 23. The front spray head 24b is correspondingly arranged with the reverse spray head 24a.
[0034] The first mounting frame 21 serves as the supporting structure for the reverse spray head 24a. Its fixed connection with the inner wall of the n-shaped box 11 ensures the stability of the reverse spray head 24a after installation. The reverse spray heads 24a are evenly distributed along the width direction of the n-shaped box 11, which can achieve uniform coverage of the Maocigu plants in the horizontal range of the field, ensuring that each plant can receive an equal amount of amino acid foliar fertilizer and avoiding local over-spraying or omission.
[0035] The second mounting bracket 22 works in conjunction with the lever 27. The lever 27 is tilted upwards, which can gently lift the plant leaves without damaging them and guide the leaves to gradually rise, increasing the height between the leaves and the ground. This ensures that the underside of the leaves is fully exposed to the spraying range of the reverse spray head 24a, guaranteeing that the leaves can be immediately covered with foliar fertilizer after unfolding, thus improving the timeliness and effectiveness of spraying. When the equipment is running, the front spray head 24b and the reverse spray head 24a are positioned in the middle between two rows of Saussurea involucrata. The Saussurea involucrata plants pass between the two levers 27 in each group of levers 27, and the upward tilt of the levers 27 guides the leaves to gradually rise. As the equipment moves forward and the leaves gradually rise, the two levers 27 in each group of levers 27 are flared, with the front being smaller and the back being larger, causing the levers 27 to gradually approach the leaf tips, thus facilitating the separation of the leaves from the levers 27 after spraying by the reverse spray head 24a.
[0036] The corresponding arrangement of the front spray head 24b and the back spray head 24a forms a comprehensive spraying system. The front spray head 24a is installed behind the third mounting plate 23, ensuring that both the front and back sides of the plant leaves receive foliar fertilizer. The coordinated work of the front spray head 24b and the back spray head 24a not only significantly improves fertilization efficiency but also ensures uniform fertilizer coverage on both sides of the leaves. This perfectly matches the higher stomatal density on the back side of *Sagittaria sagittifolia* leaves, maximizing the nutritional supplementation effect of the amino acid foliar fertilizer. In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drive vehicle 1 is equipped with a first delivery pump 26 and a medicine tank 25. The inlet end of the first delivery pump 26 is connected to the medicine tank 25 through a delivery hose, and the outlet end of the first delivery pump 26 is connected to the front spray head 24b and the back spray head 24a through a delivery hose. The third mounting plate 23 is equipped with a second delivery pump 37. The inlet end of the second delivery pump 37 is connected to the recovery tank 31 through a delivery hose, and the outlet end of the second delivery pump 37 is connected to the front spray head 24b and the back spray head 24a through a delivery hose.
[0037] Furthermore, in the above structure, the front spray head 24b and the back spray head 24a have the same structure, both including a spray base 241 and three nozzles 242 disposed on the spray base 241. The nozzles 242 are arranged in a fan shape on the spray base 241, and the nozzles 242 on both sides of the spray base 241 are inclined at 45°.
[0038] The first delivery pump 26 and the medicine tank 25 are connected to the front spray head 24b and the back spray head 24a. The medicine tank 25 stores amino acid foliar fertilizer. The first delivery pump 26 evenly distributes the fertilizer solution to the front spray head 24b and the back spray head 24a, ensuring a sufficient and stable supply of fertilizer solution during spraying and avoiding uneven spraying caused by insufficient supply. The second delivery pump 37, in conjunction with the recovery tank 31 and the spray heads, realizes a closed-loop circulation of fertilizer solution. The treated fertilizer solution collected by the recovery tank 31 is drawn by the second delivery pump 37 through the delivery hose and delivered back to the front spray head 24b and the back spray head 24a for reuse in spraying, realizing full utilization of the recovered fertilizer solution and significantly reducing fertilizer waste.
[0039] The three fan-shaped nozzles 242 on the spray holder 241 can expand the spraying range of the fertilizer solution and ensure that a single set of spray heads can cover a certain area of the plants. The nozzles 242 on both sides are set at a 45° angle, which can accurately cover the side leaves of the plants and avoid spraying dead corners. In conjunction with the lever 27, it can not only ensure full coverage of the front and back of the leaves, but also improve the uniformity of fertilizer application on the leaf surface, fully adapt to the absorption characteristics of Sagittaria sagittifolia and maximize fertilizer utilization.
[0040] In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the filter assembly 36 includes a rubber plate 361 covering the top of the main recovery pipe 32, a filter barrel 362 disposed inside the top of the main recovery pipe 32, and a connecting rod 364. The two ends of the connecting rod 364 are respectively connected to the bottom inner wall of the rubber plate 361 and the filter barrel 362. The filter barrel 362 is placed below the connection between the recovery branch pipe 341 and the main recovery pipe 32. A filter screen is provided at the bottom of the filter barrel 362. Sliding blocks 363 are provided on both sides of the top of the filter barrel 362. A sliding groove 322 is provided on the inner wall of the top of the main recovery pipe 32, which can slide in cooperation with the sliding block 363. A threaded sealing cap 321 is provided at the top of the main recovery pipe 32, and the rubber plate 361 is disposed inside the sealing cap 321.
[0041] The filter bucket 362 is placed below the connection between the recovery branch pipe 341 and the recovery main pipe 32, so that the fertilizer solution entering from the recovery branch pipe 341 can flow directly into the filter bucket 362. The filter screen at the bottom can effectively intercept impurities such as leaf debris and soil dust mixed in the fertilizer solution, prevent the front spray head 24b and the back spray head 24a from clogging, and not affect the absorption effect of amino acid foliar fertilizer on the leaves of the hairy arrowhead mushroom.
[0042] The slider 363 on the top of the filter bucket 362 of the filter assembly 36 slides in conjunction with the groove 322 on the inner wall of the recycling main pipe 32. With the threaded sealing cap 321 at the top of the recycling main pipe 32, when the filter bucket 362 needs to be cleaned, simply unscrew the sealing cap 321 and easily remove the filter bucket 362 from the recycling main pipe 32 through the rubber plate 361 and the connecting rod 364. There is no need to disassemble the entire recycling pipe, which reduces maintenance difficulty and time cost and is suitable for the high-efficiency operation needs in large-scale planting.
[0043] The cooperation between the rubber plate 361, the sealing cover 321, and the connecting rod 364 ensures the stability of the negative pressure inside the main recovery pipe 32 and also achieves the stable installation of the filter bucket 362. After the sealing cover 321 is tightened, the inner rubber plate 361 will fit tightly against the top of the main recovery pipe 32, effectively preventing negative pressure leakage generated when the pipe fan 33 is working, and ensuring the adsorption efficiency of the negative pressure cover 34. At the same time, the connecting rod 364 fixes the rubber plate 361 to the filter bucket 362, which can prevent the filter bucket 362 from shifting due to equipment movement or airflow impact, and ensure the continuity and stability of the filtration operation.
[0044] As one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, the cooling liquefaction assembly 35 includes an outer sleeve 351 disposed outside the recovery main pipe 32, a cooling coil 352 disposed inside the outer sleeve 351, and a circulating chiller 353 disposed on the third mounting plate 23. The circulating chiller 353 is connected to the cooling coil 352, and the cooling coil 352 is spirally wound on the recovery main pipe 32.
[0045] Furthermore, in the above structure, a first liquefied copper mesh 354 and a second liquefied copper mesh 355 are sequentially arranged inside the recovery main pipe 32 in the region corresponding to the outer sleeve 351 along the gas flow direction and connected to the inside of the recovery main pipe 32. The mesh size of the first liquefied copper mesh 354 is larger than that of the second liquefied copper mesh 355.
[0046] The outer casing 351 wraps around the outside of the main recovery pipe 32, providing protection for the internal cooling coil 352 and reducing heat loss to ensure cooling efficiency. The cooling coil 352 is fixed to the main recovery pipe 32 by spiral winding, increasing the contact area between the cooling coil 352 and the main recovery pipe 32, allowing the heat to be evenly transferred into the pipe. The circulating chiller 353 is connected to the cooling coil 352, continuously providing the coil with a low-temperature circulating medium, forming a stable cooling system and rapidly reducing the temperature of the mist fertilizer solution inside the main recovery pipe 32.
[0047] The first liquefied copper mesh 354 and the second liquefied copper mesh 355, arranged sequentially along the gas flow direction within the main recovery pipe 32, utilize the excellent thermal conductivity of copper to quickly absorb the heat of the mist droplets, accelerating their condensation into a liquid state. The first liquefied copper mesh 354 has a larger mesh size, preferentially capturing larger mist droplets in the air, thus initially completing liquefaction separation. The subsequent second liquefied copper mesh 355 has a smaller mesh size, accurately capturing the remaining fine mist droplets and preventing the mist-like fertilizer solution from being lost with the airflow. The circulating chiller 353 is existing technology. Its structure consists of a circulating pump and a chiller connected to the circulating pump. The circulating pump mainly undertakes the function of medium transportation, continuously transporting the low-temperature circulating medium (such as coolant) cooled by the chiller to the cooling coil 352, and at the same time recovering the heated medium after heat exchange back into the chiller. The chiller is responsible for cooling the returned medium, maintaining the low temperature state of the circulating medium, and ensuring stable cooling effect.
[0048] It should be noted that the main component of amino acid foliar fertilizer droplets is an aqueous solution containing amino acids. The presence of the solute causes its saturated vapor pressure to be lower than that of pure water (the moisture in the air is mainly pure water vapor), and the corresponding dew point temperature is also lower than that of water vapor. The cooling liquefaction component 35 controls the cooling temperature through a circulating chiller 353, keeping it in the range of "below the dew point temperature of the fertilizer droplets and above the dew point temperature of water vapor", thus providing conditions for targeted liquefaction.
[0049] In actual operation, the circulating chiller 353 drives the low-temperature medium to circulate within the cooling coil 352. The spirally wound cooling coil 352 evenly transfers the cooling energy to the inside of the recovery main pipe 32, creating a stable low-temperature environment inside the pipe. When the airflow containing the mist-like fertilizer solution passes through, the fertilizer solution droplets, due to their temperature dropping below their own dew point, cannot maintain a gaseous state due to their saturated vapor pressure. They will rapidly condense on the surfaces of the first liquefied copper mesh 354 and the second liquefied copper mesh 355. The droplets are then graded by aperture (from large to small) to ensure sufficient contact with the cold source, thereby improving liquefaction efficiency.
[0050] Furthermore, in order to ensure that the temperature of the main recovery pipe 32 is suitable in the corresponding area of the outer tube 351, a temperature sensor can be installed in the outer tube 351 in this area. The temperature sensor is connected to the circulating refrigerator 353, and the circulating refrigerator 353 controls the cooling power of the refrigerator by feeding back the temperature from the temperature sensor.
[0051] The cooling liquefaction component 35 works in conjunction with other components of the recovery component 3 and the fertilization component 2 to rapidly liquefy the recovered atomized fertilizer solution. This not only avoids fertilizer waste but also ensures the purity of the fertilizer solution collected in the recovery box 31. The second delivery pump 37 then re-transports it to the front spray head 24b and the back spray head 24a. The structural design of the entire component takes into account both the high efficiency of cooling liquefaction and the overall operating logic of the equipment, ensuring that the recovered fertilizer solution can stably participate in secondary spraying and further reduce planting costs.
[0052] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for cultivating Saussurea involucrata, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. During August to December, land preparation is carried out: clearing field debris, deep plowing the land, mixing quicklime with 3-chloro-1-bromo-isocyanuric acid and spreading it into the soil, re-cultivating and leveling the land, and constructing field sprinkler irrigation facilities and setting up shade nets. S2. Transplanting is carried out between September and February of the following year: the width of the raised beds is 1.2m, the depth of the drainage ditches is ≥30cm, and the row spacing and plant spacing are 15cm×15cm. The seedlings of *Cymbidium goeringii* are planted. S3. From December to February of the following year, conduct field management: continuously inspect, remove weeds, water to maintain moisture, and spray with agents to prevent gray mold, bacterial diseases, and leaf spot, as well as amino acid foliar fertilizer. The agents include formulations for preventing gray mold, leaf spot, and bacterial diseases. The formulations for preventing gray mold, leaf spot, and bacterial diseases, as well as the amino acid foliar fertilizer, are sprayed on the leaves, plants, and both sides of the leaves in a comprehensive manner, twice a month. S4. Continue field management in March of the following year and thereafter, including weeding and spraying, until harvesting in the second or third year: remove field facilities and debris, harvest the hairy arrowhead mushrooms by hand or machine, remove rotten parts and fibrous roots, and pile the finished products in a cool and ventilated place.
2. The method for cultivating *Sagittaria sagittifolia* according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the soil disinfectant is a mixture of quicklime and trichloro-1-bromo-isocyanuric acid, wherein the amount of quicklime used is 100 kg / mu and the amount of trichloro-1-bromo-isocyanuric acid used is 2 kg / mu.
3. The method for cultivating *Sagittaria sagittifolia* according to claim 1, characterized in that, The field management in step S3 also includes reasonable pruning and timely garden cleaning. Pruning enhances the plant's ventilation, and diseased plants and residual diseased leaves are promptly removed, buried deeply, or burned.
4. A fertilizer application device, characterized in that, The application of amino acid foliar fertilizer using the mushroom cultivation method as described in any one of claims 1-3 includes a drive vehicle (1), an n-shaped box (11) connected to the front end of the drive vehicle, a fertilizer application component (2) and a recovery component (3) disposed within the n-shaped box (11). The fertilizer application component (2) has a plurality of reverse spray heads (24a) disposed on the front side of the n-shaped box (11) and a plurality of front spray heads (24b) disposed on the rear side. The recovery component (3) includes a recovery negative pressure hood (34) respectively disposed above the reverse spray heads (24a) and the plurality of front spray heads (24b) disposed on the rear side, a recovery main pipe (32) disposed between the recovery negative pressure hoods (34), and a recovery main pipe (32) disposed on the recovery main pipe (32). The pipeline fan (33) and the recovery box (31) connected to the liquid outlet of the recovery main pipe (32) are provided. The bottom of the recovery box (31) is connected to a third mounting plate (23). The two ends of the third mounting plate (23) are connected to the inner wall of the n-shaped box (11). A cooling liquefaction component (35) is provided in the pipeline of the recovery main pipe (32) above the recovery box (31). The top of the recovery negative pressure hood (34) is provided with recovery branch pipes (341) arranged at equal intervals along the length of the recovery negative pressure hood (34). The two ends of the recovery branch pipes (341) are connected to the recovery main pipe (32) and the recovery negative pressure hood (34) respectively. A filter component (36) is provided in the pipeline of the recovery main pipe (32) below the recovery branch pipes (341).
5. The fertilization equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The reverse spray head (24a) is provided with a first mounting bracket (21) connected to the inner wall of the n-shaped box (11) on the front side of the n-shaped box (11). The reverse spray head (24a) is installed on the first mounting bracket (21) at equal intervals along the width direction of the n-shaped box (11). A second mounting bracket (22) connected to the inner wall of the n-shaped box (11) is provided above the first mounting bracket (21). Several sets of upwardly inclined levers (27) are connected to the second mounting bracket (22). Each set of levers (27) is located between the reverse spray heads (24a). The two levers (27) in each set of levers (27) are arranged in a trumpet shape with the front smaller and the back larger. The front spray head (24b) is located on the rear side of the third mounting plate (23). The front spray head (24b) is arranged correspondingly to the reverse spray head (24a).
6. The fertilization equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The drive vehicle (1) is equipped with a first delivery pump (26) and a medicine tank (25). The inlet end of the first delivery pump (26) is connected to the medicine tank (25) through a delivery hose. The outlet end of the first delivery pump (26) is connected to the front spray head (24b) and the back spray head (24a) through a delivery hose. The third mounting plate (23) is equipped with a second delivery pump (37). The inlet end of the second delivery pump (37) is connected to the recovery box (31) through a delivery hose. The outlet end of the second delivery pump (37) is connected to the front spray head (24b) and the back spray head (24a) through a delivery hose.
7. The fertilization equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that, The front spray head (24b) and the back spray head (24a) have the same structure, both including a spray seat (241) and three nozzles (242) disposed on the spray seat (241). The nozzles (242) are arranged in a fan shape on the spray seat (241), and the nozzles (242) on both sides of the spray seat (241) are inclined at 45°.
8. A fertilizer application device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The filter assembly (36) includes a rubber plate (361) covering the top of the main recovery pipe (32), a filter barrel (362) disposed inside the top of the main recovery pipe (32), and a connecting rod (364). The two ends of the connecting rod (364) are respectively connected to the bottom inner wall of the rubber plate (361) and the filter barrel (362). The filter barrel (362) is placed below the connection between the recovery branch pipe (341) and the main recovery pipe (32). A filter screen is provided at the bottom of the filter barrel (362). Slider blocks (363) are provided on both sides of the top of the filter barrel (362). A sliding groove (322) that can slide with the slider (363) is provided on the inner wall of the top of the main recovery pipe (32). A threaded sealing cap (321) is provided at the top of the main recovery pipe (32). The rubber plate (361) is disposed inside the sealing cap (321).
9. A fertilizer application device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cooling liquefaction assembly (35) includes an outer sleeve (351) disposed outside the recovery main pipe (32), a cooling coil (352) disposed inside the outer sleeve (351), and a circulating chiller (353) disposed on the third mounting plate (23). The circulating chiller (353) is connected to the cooling coil (352), and the cooling coil (352) is spirally wound around the recovery main pipe (32).
10. A fertilizer application device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The outer sleeve (351) is equipped with a first liquefied copper mesh (354) and a second liquefied copper mesh (355) connected to the inside of the recovery main pipe (32) along the gas flow direction. The mesh size of the first liquefied copper mesh (354) is larger than that of the second liquefied copper mesh (355).