Large thin-wall component precision clamp and clamping method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of component clamping. In order to solve the problems of low machining precision and low efficiency caused by the fact that clamping needs to be frequently converted when a traditional clamp is used for clamping and machining a large thin-wall component, the large thin-wall component precise clamp and the clamping method are provided, and the clamp comprises a control device, a base connected with a machine tool, a rotating system and a clamping system. The first detection mechanism detects the rotating angle of the large thin-wall component, the slewing bearing and the rotating column drive the large thin-wall component to rotate in the horizontal plane and the vertical plane respectively, and the second detection mechanism detects the positions of the first supporting unit and the second supporting unit. The first clamping unit and the second clamping unit are used for clamping the bottom and the inner circumferential face of the large thin-wall component correspondingly. According to the clamp, the problem of stress concentration caused by single-point contact of a traditional clamp is solved, adjustment of a large thin-wall component at any angle in a three-dimensional space is achieved, multi-procedure machining can be completed through a single clamp, the working efficiency is improved, and the cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of component clamping technology, and particularly relates to a precision clamp and clamping method for large thin-walled components. Background Technology

[0002] In the manufacturing of high-end equipment such as aerospace and aviation, as well as in the precision machining of civilian products, the processing of large thin-walled components (such as aircraft skin, rocket fuel tanks, satellite structural components, diesel engines, etc.) often requires repeated clamping and positioning through multiple processes. This need for repeated clamping stems mainly from the following technical characteristics: process complexity, with different processes having different requirements for clamping methods and positioning benchmarks; challenges in maintaining accuracy, as repeated clamping can easily lead to cumulative errors, and thin-walled structures are prone to plastic deformation under multiple stress conditions; and processing efficiency requirements, as a single fixture cannot meet the requirements of composite processing.

[0003] Currently, the processing and clamping technologies for large thin-walled components can be mainly divided into the following six categories: adaptive elastic clamping fixtures, which use elastic elements (such as springs and hydraulic clamping) to uniformly clamp the inner wall of large thin-walled components, avoiding deformation caused by local stress concentration; multi-point vacuum adsorption flexible fixtures, which use arrayed vacuum suction cups to adsorb the workpiece surface, achieving non-contact or low-stress clamping; synchronous drive jaw fixtures, where multiple jaws move synchronously by the same drive mechanism (such as bevel gears and ball screws), ensuring uniform distribution of clamping force; bite-type clamping technology, which pre-cuts tooth marks at the workpiece clamping area, and the clamping jaws precisely bite into the tooth marks, reducing the clamping area while maintaining high rigidity; floating compensation chucks, where the jaws have floating adjustment capabilities, automatically compensating for workpiece clamping deviations and reducing eccentric forces; and combined flexible clamping systems, which integrate multiple methods such as mechanical clamping, hydraulic clamping, and vacuum adsorption to adapt to complex structures. However, most of these fixtures are designed for thin-walled workpieces that are prone to plastic deformation, and lack dual-axis, full-circumferential precision clamping capabilities, which leads to frequent clamping changes during the machining process, affecting both machining accuracy and reducing production efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a precision fixture and clamping method for large thin-walled components that can complete multiple processing steps with a single fixture, thereby improving work efficiency and reducing costs.

[0005] The first aspect of the present invention provides a precision fixture for large thin-walled components, comprising: Control device; Base, the base is connected to the machine tool; A rotating system includes a horizontal rotating mechanism, a vertical rotating mechanism, and a first detection mechanism. The horizontal rotating mechanism includes a first driving member and a slewing bearing. The slewing bearing is rotatably mounted on the top of a base. The first driving member is mounted on the base, and its output end is connected to the slewing bearing to drive the slewing bearing to rotate around the central axis of the base. The vertical rotating mechanism includes two first telescopic columns symmetrically arranged on the top of the slewing bearing. A rotating column is rotatably arranged between the two first telescopic columns. The rotating column is used to pass through a large thin-walled component. A seventh driving member is provided at one end of the rotating column. The first detection mechanism is used to detect the rotation angle of the large thin-walled component. A control device is used to receive signals from the first detection mechanism and sequentially control the first driving member and the seventh driving member to drive the slewing bearing and the rotating column to rotate. The slewing bearing is used to drive the large thin-walled component to rotate in the horizontal plane, and the rotating column is used to drive the large thin-walled component to rotate in the vertical plane. The clamping system includes a bottom clamping mechanism, a radial clamping mechanism, and a second detection mechanism. The bottom clamping mechanism includes multiple first clamping units arranged in an array, which are located on top of the slewing bearing and below the rotating column. The radial clamping mechanism includes multiple second clamping units distributed along the circumference and axial direction of the rotating column. The second detection mechanism is used to detect the positions of the first and second clamping units. The control device is also used to receive signals from the second detection mechanism to control the first and second clamping units to move sequentially. The first clamping units are used to clamp the bottom of the large thin-walled component, and the second clamping units are used to radially clamp the inner circumferential surface of the large thin-walled component.

[0006] Optionally, the horizontal rotation mechanism also includes a support, which is disposed on top of the slewing bearing and moves synchronously with the slewing bearing. A second sensor is disposed at each of the four apex corners of the support, and the four second sensors are used to detect the distance between the top of the support and the ground.

[0007] Optionally, the vertical rotation mechanism may also include a second drive element and a third sensor; The second driving component is disposed inside the first telescopic column. The second driving component is electrically connected to the control device and is used to drive the first telescopic column to move in the vertical direction. The third sensor is located at the top of the first telescopic column and is electrically connected to the control device. The third sensor is used to detect the distance between the top of the first telescopic column and the ground.

[0008] Optionally, each first clamping unit includes a third driving member, a second telescopic column, and a first flexible member; The third driving member is disposed inside the second telescopic column, and the third driving member drives the second telescopic column to move along its axial direction. The first flexible member is disposed at the top of the second telescopic column, and the first flexible member is used to contact the bottom of the large thin-walled component. The second telescopic column is disposed on the top of the bracket. Multiple first clamping components are arranged in an array inside the second telescopic column. Each first clamping component includes a fourth driving member and a first telescopic rod. The fourth driving member drives the first telescopic rod to move along its axial direction. The first telescopic rod is disposed on the top of the fixed part of the second telescopic column. The first telescopic rod is used to contact the bottom of the first flexible member and clamp the first flexible member.

[0009] Optionally, the second detection mechanism includes a sixth sensor and a fourth sensor; The sixth sensor is embedded in the top of the second telescopic column, and the top of the sixth sensor is flush with the top of the second telescopic column. The sixth sensor is used to detect the vertical distance from the top of the second telescopic column to the bottom of the large thin-walled component. The fourth sensor is located at the top of the first telescopic rod and is electrically connected to the control device. The fourth sensor is used to detect the distance between the top of the first telescopic rod and the bottom of the first flexible member.

[0010] Optionally, each second clamping unit includes a fifth driving member, a third telescopic column, and a second flexible member; The fifth driving member is located inside the third telescopic column. The fifth driving member drives the third telescopic column to move along the axial direction of the fifth driving member. The second flexible member is located at the top of the third telescopic column and contacts the inner circumferential surface of the large thin-walled component. The third telescopic column is disposed on the surface of the rotating column. Multiple second clamping components are disposed inside the third telescopic column in an array. Each second clamping component includes a sixth driving member and a second telescopic rod. The sixth driving member drives the second telescopic rod to move along the axial direction of the sixth driving member. The second telescopic rod is disposed on the top of the fixed part of the third telescopic column. The second telescopic rod is used to contact the bottom of the second flexible member and clamp the second flexible member.

[0011] Optionally, the second detection mechanism may also include a seventh sensor and a fifth sensor; The seventh sensor is embedded in the top of the third telescopic column, and the top of the seventh sensor is flush with the top of the third telescopic column. The seventh sensor is used to detect the distance from the top of the third telescopic column to the inner circumferential surface of the large thin-walled component. The fifth sensor is located at the top of the second telescopic rod and is electrically connected to the control device. The fifth sensor is used to detect the distance from the top of the second telescopic rod to the bottom of the second flexible member.

[0012] Optionally, the first detection mechanism includes a first sensor and an eighth sensor; The first sensor is mounted on the slewing bearing and electrically connected to the control device. The first sensor is used to detect the real-time rotation angle of the slewing bearing relative to the base. The eighth sensor is located at the other end of the rotating column and is electrically connected to the control device. The eighth sensor is used to detect the rotation angle of the rotating column.

[0013] The second aspect of this invention provides a clamping method for a precision fixture for large thin-walled components, based on the precision fixture for large thin-walled components described in the preceding technical solution, comprising the following steps: The control device controls the second drive component to start, and the second drive component drives the first telescopic column to move in the vertical direction. When the signal collected by the third sensor reaches the preset value, the control device controls the second drive component to stop, and the rotating column passes through the large thin-walled component. When the second driving component stops, the control device controls the third driving component to start. The third driving component drives the second telescopic column to move along the axial direction of the third driving component. When the signal collected by the sixth sensor reaches the preset value, the control device controls the third driving component to stop. When the third driving component stops, the control device controls the fourth driving component to start. The fourth driving component drives the first telescopic rod to move along the axial direction of the fourth driving component. When the signal collected by the fourth sensor reaches the preset value, the control device controls the fourth driving component to stop. When the fourth drive unit stops, the control device controls the fifth drive unit to start. The fifth drive unit drives the third telescopic column to move along the axial direction of the fifth drive unit. When the signal collected by the seventh sensor reaches the preset value, the control device controls the fifth drive unit to stop. When the fifth drive unit stops, the control device controls the sixth drive unit to start. The sixth drive unit drives the second telescopic rod to move along its axis. When the signal collected by the fifth sensor reaches the preset value, the control device controls the sixth drive unit to stop. When the sixth driving component stops, the control device controls the first driving component to start. The first driving component drives the slewing bearing to rotate around the central vertical axis of the base. When the signal collected by the first sensor reaches the preset value, the control device controls the first driving component to stop. After the first driving component stops, the control device controls the seventh driving component to start. The seventh driving component drives the rotating column to rotate along the axis of the seventh driving component. When the signal collected by the eighth sensor reaches the preset value, the control device controls the seventh driving component to stop.

[0014] Optionally, after the first driving member stops and before the seventh driving member starts, the control device controls the fourth driving member to start, and the fourth driving member drives the first telescopic rod to retract along its axial direction. When the signal collected by the fourth sensor reaches a preset value, the control device receives the signal collected by the fourth sensor and controls the fourth driving member to stop. When the fourth drive unit stops, the control device controls the third drive unit to start. The third drive unit drives the second telescopic column to retract along its axis. When the signal collected by the sixth sensor reaches the preset value, the control device receives the signal from the sixth sensor and controls the third drive unit to stop.

[0015] The technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: This invention provides a precision fixture and clamping method for large thin-walled components. By setting up a bottom clamping mechanism and a radial clamping mechanism, multiple first clamping units arranged in an array are used to clamp the bottom of the large thin-walled component, and multiple second clamping units arranged in an array are used to clamp the inner circumferential surface of the large thin-walled component. This eliminates the stress concentration problem caused by single-point contact in traditional fixtures. This fixture is driven independently by a horizontal rotation mechanism and a vertical rotation mechanism. By rotating the slewing bearing and the rotating column, the large thin-walled component can be rotated in the horizontal and vertical planes. This allows for adjustment of the large thin-walled component at any angle in three-dimensional space, avoiding the cumulative error caused by repeated clamping. This allows a single fixture to complete multiple processing steps, improving work efficiency and reducing costs. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a precision fixture for large thin-walled components according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a large thin-walled component precision fixture mounted on a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the base described in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the slewing bearing according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the slewing bearing and base installation according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bracket according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal rotation mechanism and its installation on the base according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the vertical rotation mechanism and the horizontal rotation mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating column according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the bottom clamping mechanism and the horizontal rotation mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first clamping unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first clamping unit removing the first flexible member according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first telescopic rod according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second clamping unit installed on the rotating column according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second clamping unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second clamping unit removing the first flexible component according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second telescopic rod according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] The components are as follows: 1. Pressure plate; 2. Double-ended bolt; 3. Jack; 4. Fastening nut; 5. Control device; 6. First drive component; 7. Base; 8. Bolt; 9. Slewing bearing; 10. Outer ring; 11. Inner ring; 12. Sealing strip; 13. First sensor; 14. Bracket; 15. Bolt cover; 16. Seventh drive component; 17. Rotating column; 18. First telescopic column; 19. First clamping unit; 20. Second clamping unit; 21. Second sensor; 22. Second drive component. 23. Third sensor; 24. Third drive component; 25. Fourth drive component; 26. Fourth sensor; 27. Second telescopic column; 28. First telescopic rod; 29. ​​First flexible component; 30. Third telescopic column; 31. Sixth drive component; 32. Fifth sensor; 33. Fifth drive component; 34. Second telescopic rod; 35. First clamping assembly; 36. Second clamping assembly; 37. Second flexible component; 38. Sixth sensor; 39. Seventh sensor; 40. Eighth sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the solutions of the present invention will be further described below. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments of the present invention and the features thereof can be combined with each other.

[0021] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention, but the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein; obviously, the embodiments in the specification are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments.

[0022] This embodiment provides a precision fixture and clamping method for large thin-walled components, referring to... Figure 1 As shown, this fixture includes a control device 5, a base 7, a rotation system, and a clamping system, as referenced. Figure 2 As shown, the base 7 is connected to the machine tool. Specifically, the base 7 is connected to the machine tool via a pine needle clamp. The pine needle clamp consists of a pressure plate 1, a double-ended bolt 2, a jack 3, and a fastening nut 4. The pressure plate 1 is in contact with the base 7. The double-ended bolt 2 is connected to the pressure plate 1 through the through hole in the middle. The top of the double-ended bolt 2 is locked by the fastening nut 4. The jack 3 is placed between the bottom of the pressure plate 1 and the machine tool. The tightening force of the fastening nut 4 presses the base 7 downward and forms a bidirectional clamping force in conjunction with the clamping of the jack 3.

[0023] Reference Figure 7 As shown, the rotating system includes a horizontal rotating mechanism, a vertical rotating mechanism, and a first detection mechanism. The horizontal rotating mechanism includes a first driving member 6, a slewing bearing 9, and a bracket 14. The slewing bearing 9 is rotatably mounted on the top of the base 7. Figure 4 As shown, the slewing bearing 9 includes an outer ring 10, an inner ring 11, and a sealing strip 12. The slewing bearing 9 contains balls and spacers. (Refer to...) Figure 3 As shown, the first driving component 6 is mounted on the base 7. The output end of the first driving component 6 is connected to the slewing bearing 9, and is used to drive the slewing bearing 9 to rotate around the central axis of the base 7. Specifically, the first driving component 6 adopts a combination structure of motor-reduction mechanism-coupling transmission system. The coupling transmission system is provided with a gear that meshes with the inner ring 11 of the slewing bearing 9. The first driving component 6 is connected to the inner ring 11 of the slewing bearing 9 through the gear to form an active transmission unit. The first driving component 6 outputs torque through the drive motor, which is amplified by the reduction mechanism and transmitted to the slewing bearing 9. The bracket 14 is mounted on the top of the slewing bearing 9 and moves synchronously with the slewing bearing 9. Figure 6As shown, each of the four top corners of the bracket 14 is provided with a first inclined groove, and the angle between the inclined surface of the first inclined groove and the horizontal plane is 80°. Four second sensors 21 are respectively set in the four first inclined grooves. In this embodiment, the second sensors 21 are TOF (Time-of-Flight) laser sensors. The laser of the second sensor 21 is obliquely shone towards the ground, and the angle between the laser and the vertical direction is 10°. All four second sensors 21 are used to detect the distance between the top of the bracket 14 and the ground, that is, to detect whether the bracket 14 is horizontal. By comparing the signals collected by the four second sensors 21, the position of the bracket 14 can be manually adjusted to ensure that the bracket 14 remains horizontal during the movement of this fixture.

[0024] Reference Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, the vertical rotation mechanism includes two first telescopic columns 18 symmetrically arranged on the top of the slewing bearing 9. The bottom of the first telescopic columns 18 is connected to the bracket 14 by bolts 8. A rotating column 17 is rotatably arranged between the two first telescopic columns 18. The rotating column 17 is used to pass through large thin-walled components. A seventh driving member 16 is provided at one end of the rotating column 17. The seventh driving member 16 is connected to the rotating column 17 through an output shaft. The seventh driving member 16 adopts a composite drive structure of servo motor-reduction mechanism-output shaft-connecting flange. The torque output by the servo motor is amplified by the reduction mechanism. The output shaft transmits power to the rotating column 17. A second driving component 22 is installed inside the first telescopic column 18. The second driving component 22 is electrically connected to the control device 5 and is used to drive the first telescopic column 18 to move vertically. The second driving component 22 adopts an electric push rod drive mechanism. When the control device 5 issues a motion command, the electrical signal is transmitted to the servo motor of the second driving component 22, which outputs rotational power. This rotational power is converted into linear thrust through a reduction mechanism and a ball screw pair, causing the screw nut to drive the telescopic rod to extend or retract vertically, thereby achieving the first... The telescopic column 18 moves up and down. A second inclined groove is provided at the top of the first telescopic column 18, and the angle between the inclined surface of the second inclined groove and the horizontal plane is 80°. A third sensor 23 is disposed in the second inclined groove and is electrically connected to the control device 5. The third sensor 23 is used to detect the distance between the top of the first telescopic column 18 and the ground. Specifically, in this embodiment, the third sensor 23 is a TOF (Time-of-Flight) laser sensor. The laser beam from the third sensor 23 is angled towards the ground, and the angle between the laser beam and the vertical direction is 10°. The control device 5 controls the movement of the column. The second drive unit 22 is activated, driving the first telescopic column 18 to move vertically. When the signal collected by the third sensor 23 reaches a preset value, which is the difference between the distance between the top of the first telescopic column 18 and the ground and the distance between the top of the bracket 14 and the ground, and is greater than the maximum value of 15cm from the central axis of the rotating column 17 to the boundary of the large thin-walled component, the control device 5 receives the signal collected by the third sensor 23 and controls the second drive unit 22 to stop. At this time, the rotating column 17 passes through the large thin-walled component and is installed between the two first telescopic columns 18.

[0025] Furthermore, the clamping system includes a bottom clamping mechanism, a radial clamping mechanism, and a second detection mechanism, as shown in the reference. Figure 10 As shown, the bottom clamping mechanism includes multiple first clamping units 19 arranged in an array. The first clamping units 19 are disposed on the top of the slewing bearing 9. Specifically, the first clamping units 19 are disposed on the bracket 14 and located below the rotating column 17. (Refer to...) Figure 14 As shown, the radial clamping mechanism includes multiple second clamping units 20 distributed circumferentially and axially along the rotating column 17, as shown in the figure. Figure 11As shown, each first clamping unit 19 includes a third driving member 24, a second telescopic column 27, and a first flexible member 29. The third driving member 24 is disposed inside the second telescopic column 27. The third driving member 24 drives the second telescopic column 27 to move along the axial direction of the third driving member 24. Specifically, the third driving member 24 adopts a servo motor cylinder structure. When the control device 5 sends a motion command to the third driving member 24, the servo motor starts and outputs rotational power. This rotational power is amplified by the reduction mechanism and transmitted to the ball screw pair. The relative rotation between the screw and the nut is converted into linear displacement, thereby driving the second telescopic column 27 to move along the axial direction of the third driving member 24. The first flexible member 29 is disposed on the top of the second telescopic column 27. The second telescopic column 27 is disposed on the top of the bracket 14. The second detection mechanism includes a sixth sensor 38 and a fourth sensor 26. The sixth sensor 38 is embedded in the top of the second telescopic column 27, and the top of the sixth sensor 38 is connected to the second telescopic column 27. The top of the telescopic column 27 is flush with the bottom. The sixth sensor 38 is used to detect the vertical distance from the top of the second telescopic column 27 to the bottom of the large thin-walled component. Specifically, the sixth sensor 38 uses a Keyence-IL-300 laser displacement sensor. This laser displacement sensor is an industrial-grade laser displacement sensor with strong anti-reflective ability and is suitable for detecting the distance between large workpieces. When the second drive component 22 stops, the large thin-walled component is installed on the rotating column 17. The control device 5 controls the third drive component 24 to start. The third drive component 24 drives the second telescopic column 27 to move along the axial direction of the third drive component 24. When the signal collected by the sixth sensor 38 reaches the preset value, the preset value is that the vertical distance from the top of the second telescopic column 27 to the bottom of the large thin-walled component is 0. The control device 5 receives the signal from the sixth sensor 38 and controls the third drive component 24 to stop. At this time, the second telescopic column 27 achieves vertical clamping of the large thin-walled component.

[0026] Furthermore, referring to Figure 12 and Figure 13As shown, the second telescopic column 27 is provided with multiple first clamping assemblies 35 arranged in an array. Each first clamping assembly 35 includes a fourth driving member 25 and a first telescopic rod 28. The fourth driving member 25 drives the first telescopic rod 28 to move along the axial direction of the fourth driving member 25. Specifically, the fourth driving member 25 usually adopts a micro electric push rod drive mechanism. When the control device 5 issues an action command, the motor of the fourth driving member 25 receives the electrical signal and starts to rotate. The rotational power output by the motor is amplified by the reduction mechanism and transmitted to the lead screw transmission pair. The relative rotation between the lead screw and the nut converts the rotational motion into linear motion. The linear motion drives the first telescopic rod 28 to smoothly extend or retract along the axial direction of the fourth driving member 25. The first telescopic rod 28 is disposed at the top of the fixing part of the second telescopic column 27. The first telescopic rod 28 is used to contact and clamp the bottom of the first flexible member 29. The first flexible member 29 is used to contact the bottom of the large thin-walled component. The bottom of the large thin-walled component is arc-shaped. The first flexible member 29 can closely fit the bottom of the large thin-walled component, eliminating the point contact stress concentration caused by rigid clamping, and ensuring that the second telescopic column 27 always maintains a contact state in different extension and retraction positions. At the same time, the first flexible member 28... Component 29 is made of materials such as rubber and elastic fabric to prevent the second telescopic column 27 from directly contacting the bottom of the large thin-walled component, thus avoiding scratches on the component. A fourth sensor 26 is installed at the top of the first telescopic rod 28. The fourth sensor 26 is electrically connected to the control device 5. The fourth sensor 26 is used to detect the distance between the top of the first telescopic rod 28 and the bottom of the first flexible component 29. Specifically, the fourth sensor 26 is a Keyence-IL-100 laser displacement sensor, which is a high-precision, compact laser displacement sensor suitable for... In the micro-distance detection, after the third driving member 24 stops, the second telescopic column 27 completes the clamping of the large thin-walled component. The control device 5 controls the fourth driving member 25 to start. The fourth driving member 25 drives the first telescopic rod 28 to move along the axial direction of the fourth driving member 25. When the signal collected by the fourth sensor 26 reaches the preset value, which is the distance between the top of the first telescopic rod 28 and the bottom of the first flexible member 29 is 0, the first telescopic rods 28 achieve clamping of the first flexible member 29. The control device 5 receives the signal collected by the fourth sensor 26 and controls the fourth driving member 25 to stop.

[0027] Reference Figure 15As shown, each second clamping unit 20 includes a fifth driving member 33, a third telescopic column 30, and a second flexible member 37. The fifth driving member 33 is disposed inside the third telescopic column 30. The fifth driving member 33 drives the third telescopic column 30 to move along the axial direction of the fifth driving member 33. Specifically, the fifth driving member 33 adopts a servo electric cylinder drive structure. When the control device 5 issues a telescopic command, the servo motor receives an electrical signal and starts, outputting rotational power. This power is amplified by the reduction mechanism and drives the ball screw to rotate. The relative rotation between the screw and the nut is converted into linear motion, thereby driving the third telescopic column 30 to extend or retract along the axial direction of the fifth driving member 33. The second flexible member 37 is disposed on the top of the third telescopic column 30. The third telescopic column 30 is disposed on the surface of the rotating column 17. The second detection mechanism includes a seventh sensor 39, which is embedded in the top of the third telescopic column 30, and the top of the seventh sensor 39 is connected to the first flexible member 37. The tops of the three telescopic columns 30 are flush. The seventh sensor 39 is used to detect the distance from the top of the third telescopic column 30 to the inner circumferential surface of the large thin-walled component. Specifically, the seventh sensor 39 uses a Keyence-IL-300 laser displacement sensor. This laser displacement sensor is a high-precision laser displacement sensor that can stably detect metal reflective surfaces and has strong resistance to environmental interference. When the fourth driving member 25 stops, the first flexible member 29 is clamped. The control device 5 controls the fifth driving member 33 to start. The fifth driving member 33 drives the third telescopic column 30 to move along the axial direction of the fifth driving member 33. When the signal collected by the seventh sensor 39 reaches the preset value, which is the distance from the top of the third telescopic column 30 to the inner circumferential surface of the large thin-walled component is 0, the control device 5 receives the signal from the seventh sensor 39 and controls the fifth driving member 33 to stop. At this time, the third telescopic column 30 achieves radial clamping of the inner circumferential surface of the large thin-walled component.

[0028] Reference Figure 16 and Figure 17As shown, the third telescopic column 30 is equipped with multiple second clamping assemblies 36 arranged in an array. Each second clamping assembly 36 includes a sixth driving member 31 and a second telescopic rod 34. The sixth driving member 31 drives the second telescopic rod 34 to move along the axial direction of the sixth driving member 31. Specifically, the sixth driving member 31 adopts a servo electric cylinder drive structure. When the control device 5 issues a telescopic command, the servo motor receives an electrical signal and starts, outputting rotational power. This rotational power is amplified by the reduction mechanism and drives the ball screw to rotate. The relative rotation between the screw and the nut is converted. The linear motion drives the second telescopic rod 34 to extend or retract along the axis of the sixth driving member 31. The second telescopic rod 34 is located at the top of the fixing part of the third telescopic column 30. The second telescopic rod 34 is used to contact and clamp the bottom of the second flexible member 37. The second flexible member 37 contacts the inner circumferential surface of the large thin-walled component. The second flexible member 37 is made of materials such as rubber and elastic fabric, which can closely fit the inner circumferential surface of the large thin-walled component, eliminate the point contact stress concentration caused by rigid clamping, and prevent the third telescopic column 30 from directly contacting the component. The inner circumferential surface of the large thin-walled component causes scratches on it. A fifth sensor 32 is installed at the top of the second telescopic rod 34. The fifth sensor 32 is electrically connected to the control device 5. The fifth sensor 32 is used to detect the distance from the top of the second telescopic rod 34 to the bottom of the second flexible member 37. Specifically, the fifth sensor 32 is a Keyence-IL-100 laser displacement sensor. This laser displacement sensor is a high-precision micro-distance laser displacement sensor with strong anti-interference ability and small size. When the fifth driving member 33 stops... At this time, the third telescopic column 30 achieves clamping of the inner circumferential surface of the large thin-walled component. The control device 5 controls the sixth driving member 31 to start. The sixth driving member 31 drives the second telescopic rod 34 to move along the axial direction of the sixth driving member 31. When the signal collected by the fifth sensor 32 reaches the preset value, the preset value is that the distance from the top of the second telescopic rod 34 to the bottom of the second flexible member 37 is 0. The control device 5 receives the signal collected by the fifth sensor 32 and controls the sixth driving member 31 to stop. At this time, the second telescopic rods 34 achieve clamping of the second flexible member 37.

[0029] In summary, the large thin-walled component has been installed and clamped. After being clamped in two directions, the large thin-walled component begins to be processed and rotated.

[0030] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the first detection mechanism includes a first sensor 13, which is mounted on the slewing bearing 9 and electrically connected to the control device 5. The first sensor 13 is used to detect the real-time rotation angle of the slewing bearing 9 relative to the base 7. Specifically, the first sensor 13 is a Heidenhain-ECN-1313 absolute rotary encoder. This absolute rotary encoder is a high-precision photoelectric absolute encoder with excellent vibration resistance, suitable for large rotating devices. When the sixth drive component 31 stops, that is, after the large thin-walled component is clamped, the control device 5 controls the first... When the drive unit 6 is activated, the first drive unit 6 drives the slewing bearing 9 to rotate around the central vertical axis of the base 7. When the signal collected by the first sensor 13 reaches the preset value, which is the real-time rotation angle of the slewing bearing 9 relative to the base 7, the control device 5 receives the signal collected by the first sensor 13 and controls the first drive unit 6 to stop. The large thin-walled component is now able to rotate in the horizontal direction without the need for manual rotation. This allows the large thin-walled component to be processed in different directions, reducing costs and improving work efficiency.

[0031] When a large thin-walled component needs to be rotated in the vertical direction, the control device 5 first controls the fourth drive component 25 to start. The fourth drive component 25 drives the first telescopic rod 28 to retract along the axial direction of the fourth drive component 25. When the signal collected by the fourth sensor 26 reaches a preset value, which is the distance between the top of the first telescopic rod 28 and the bottom of the first flexible member 29, the corresponding extension height of the second telescopic column 27 is reached. The control device 5 receives the signal collected by the fourth sensor 26 and controls the fourth drive component 25 to stop. At this time, the first telescopic rod 28 is fully retracted. After the fourth drive component 25 stops, the control device 5 controls the third drive component 24 to start. The third drive component 24 drives the second telescopic column 27 to retract along the axial direction of the third drive component 24. When the signal collected by the sixth sensor 38 reaches a preset value, which is the vertical distance between the top of the second telescopic column 27 and the bottom of the large thin-walled component, the extension height of the second telescopic column 27 when it clamps the bottom of the large thin-walled component is reached. The control device 5 receives the signal from the sixth sensor 38 and controls the third drive component 24 to stop. At this time, the second telescopic column 27 is fully retracted.

[0032] Furthermore, referring to Figure 9 and Figure 14As shown, an eighth sensor 40 is provided at the other end of the rotating column 17. One end of the rotating column 17 connected to the seventh drive member 16 is fixed to the first telescopic column 18 by a bolt cap 15. The eighth sensor 40 is electrically connected to the control device 5. The eighth sensor 40 is used to detect the rotation angle of the rotating column 17. Specifically, the eighth sensor 40 adopts a Heidenhain-ECN-1313 absolute rotary encoder. This absolute rotary encoder is a high-precision photoelectric absolute encoder with excellent vibration resistance and is suitable for large rotating devices. When the third drive member 24 stops, that is, when the first telescopic rod 28 and the second... When the telescopic columns 27 are fully retracted, the control device 5 controls the seventh drive component 16 to start. The seventh drive component 16 drives the rotating column 17 to rotate along the axis of the seventh drive component 16. When the signal collected by the eighth sensor 40 reaches the preset value, which is the rotation angle of the rotating column 17 reaching the processing angle required for the large thin-walled component, the control device 5 receives the signal collected by the eighth sensor 40 and controls the seventh drive component 16 to stop. The large thin-walled component is now able to rotate in the vertical direction without the need for manual rotation. This allows the large thin-walled component to be processed in different directions, reducing costs and improving work efficiency.

[0033] After the large thin-walled component has been rotated in the vertical direction, the control device 5 controls the fourth drive member 25 and the third drive member 24 to start again. The fourth drive member 25 and the third drive member 24 drive the first telescopic rod 28 and the second telescopic column 27 to extend, so as to clamp the first flexible member 29 and the bottom of the large thin-walled component. At this time, the rotation of the large thin-walled component is more stable.

[0034] This embodiment provides a precision fixture for large thin-walled components. By setting a bottom clamping mechanism and a radial clamping mechanism, multiple first clamping units 19 and second clamping units 20 arranged in an array are used to clamp the bottom and inner circumferential surface of the large thin-walled component. By setting a horizontal rotation mechanism and a vertical rotation mechanism to drive independently, the large thin-walled component can be adjusted at any angle in three-dimensional space, avoiding the cumulative error caused by repeated clamping. This allows a single fixture to complete multiple processing steps, improving work efficiency and reducing costs.

[0035] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0036] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments described herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features of the invention herein.

Claims

1. A precision fixture for large thin-walled components, characterized in that, include: Control device (5); Base (7), base (7) is connected to the machine tool; The rotating system includes a horizontal rotating mechanism, a vertical rotating mechanism, and a first detection mechanism. The horizontal rotating mechanism includes a first driving member (6) and a slewing bearing (9). The slewing bearing (9) is rotatably mounted on the top of the base (7). The first driving member (6) is mounted on the base (7), and its output end is connected to the slewing bearing (9) to drive the slewing bearing (9) to rotate around the central axis of the base (7). The vertical rotating mechanism includes two first telescopic columns (18) symmetrically arranged on the top of the slewing bearing (9). A rotating column (17) is provided for inserting large thin-walled components. A seventh driving member (16) is provided at one end of the rotating column (17). A first detection mechanism is used to detect the rotation angle of the large thin-walled components. A control device (5) is used to receive the signal from the first detection mechanism and control the first driving member (6) and the seventh driving member (16) to rotate so as to drive the slewing bearing (9) and the rotating column (17) to rotate. The slewing bearing (9) is used to drive the large thin-walled components to rotate in the horizontal plane, and the rotating column (17) is used to drive the large thin-walled components to rotate in the vertical plane. The clamping system includes a bottom clamping mechanism, a radial clamping mechanism, and a second detection mechanism. The bottom clamping mechanism includes multiple first clamping units (19) arranged in an array. The first clamping units (19) are located on the top of the slewing bearing (9) and below the rotating column (17). The radial clamping mechanism includes multiple second clamping units (20) distributed along the circumference and axial direction of the rotating column (17). The second detection mechanism is used to detect the positions of the first clamping units (19) and the second clamping units (20). The control device (5) is also used to receive the signal from the second detection mechanism, thereby controlling the first clamping units (19) and the second clamping units (20) to move sequentially. The first clamping unit (19) is used to clamp the bottom of the large thin-walled component, and the second clamping unit (20) is used to radially clamp the inner circumferential surface of the large thin-walled component.

2. The precision fixture for large thin-walled components according to claim 1, characterized in that, The horizontal rotation mechanism also includes a bracket (14), which is located on the top of the slewing bearing (9) and moves synchronously with the slewing bearing (9). A second sensor (21) is provided at each of the four corners of the top of the bracket (14). The four second sensors (21) are used to detect the distance between the top of the bracket (14) and the ground.

3. A precision fixture for large thin-walled components according to claim 2, characterized in that, The vertical rotation mechanism also includes a second drive element (22) and a third sensor (23); The second driving member (22) is disposed inside the first telescopic column (18). The second driving member (22) is electrically connected to the control device (5) and is used to drive the first telescopic column (18) to move in the vertical direction. The third sensor (23) is located on the top of the first telescopic column (18) and is electrically connected to the control device (5). The third sensor (23) is used to detect the distance between the top of the first telescopic column (18) and the ground.

4. A precision fixture for large thin-walled components according to claim 3, characterized in that, Each first clamping unit (19) includes a third drive member (24), a second telescopic column (27) and a first flexible member (29); The third driving member (24) is disposed inside the second telescopic column (27), and the third driving member (24) drives the second telescopic column (27) to move along its axial direction. The first flexible member (29) is disposed on the top of the second telescopic column (27), and the first flexible member (29) is used to contact the bottom of the large thin-walled component. The second telescopic column (27) is located on the top of the bracket (14). The second telescopic column (27) contains a plurality of first clamping components (35) arranged in an array. Each first clamping component (35) includes a fourth driving member (25) and a first telescopic rod (28). The fourth driving member (25) drives the first telescopic rod (28) to move along its axial direction. The first telescopic rod (28) is located on the top of the fixed part of the second telescopic column (27). The first telescopic rod (28) is used to contact the bottom of the first flexible member (29) and clamp the first flexible member (29).

5. A precision fixture for large thin-walled components according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second detection mechanism includes the sixth sensor (38) and the fourth sensor (26); The sixth sensor (38) is embedded in the top of the second telescopic column (27), and the top of the sixth sensor (38) is flush with the top of the second telescopic column (27). The sixth sensor (38) is used to detect the vertical distance from the top of the second telescopic column (27) to the bottom of the large thin-walled component. The fourth sensor (26) is located at the top of the first telescopic rod (28) and is electrically connected to the control device (5). The fourth sensor (26) is used to detect the distance between the top of the first telescopic rod (28) and the bottom of the first flexible member (29).

6. A precision fixture for large thin-walled components according to claim 5, characterized in that, Each second clamping unit (20) includes a fifth drive member (33), a third telescopic column (30), and a second flexible member (37); The fifth driving member (33) is located inside the third telescopic column (30). The fifth driving member (33) drives the third telescopic column (30) to move along the axial direction of the fifth driving member (33). The second flexible member (37) is located on the top of the third telescopic column (30). The second flexible member (37) contacts the inner circumferential surface of the large thin-walled component. The third telescopic column (30) is disposed on the surface of the rotating column (17). The third telescopic column (30) is provided with a plurality of second clamping components (36) arranged in an array. Each second clamping component (36) includes a sixth driving member (31) and a second telescopic rod (34). The sixth driving member (31) drives the second telescopic rod (34) to move along the axial direction of the sixth driving member (31). The second telescopic rod (34) is disposed on the top of the fixed part of the third telescopic column (30). The second telescopic rod (34) is used to contact the bottom of the second flexible member (37) and clamp the second flexible member (37).

7. A precision fixture for large thin-walled components according to claim 6, characterized in that, The second detection mechanism also includes a seventh sensor (39) and a fifth sensor (32). The seventh sensor (39) is embedded in the top of the third telescopic column (30), and the top of the seventh sensor (39) is flush with the top of the third telescopic column (30). The seventh sensor (39) is used to detect the distance from the top of the third telescopic column (30) to the inner circumferential surface of the large thin-walled component. The fifth sensor (32) is located at the top of the second telescopic rod (34) and is electrically connected to the control device (5). The fifth sensor (32) is used to detect the distance from the top of the second telescopic rod (34) to the bottom of the second flexible member (37).

8. A precision fixture for large thin-walled components according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first detection mechanism includes a first sensor (13) and an eighth sensor (40); The first sensor (13) is mounted on the slewing bearing (9) and electrically connected to the control device (5). The first sensor (13) is used to detect the real-time rotation angle of the slewing bearing (9) relative to the base (7). The eighth sensor (40) is located at the other end of the rotating column (17) and is electrically connected to the control device (5). The eighth sensor (40) is used to detect the rotation angle of the rotating column (17).

9. A clamping method for a precision fixture for large thin-walled components, based on the precision fixture for large thin-walled components described in claim 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The control device (5) controls the second drive component (22) to start, and the second drive component (22) drives the first telescopic column (18) to move in the vertical direction. When the signal collected by the third sensor (23) reaches the preset value, the control device (5) controls the second drive component (22) to stop, and the rotating column (17) passes through the large thin-walled component. When the second drive unit (22) stops, the control device (5) controls the third drive unit (24) to start. The third drive unit (24) drives the second telescopic column (27) to move along the axial direction of the third drive unit (24). When the signal collected by the sixth sensor (38) reaches the preset value, the control device (5) controls the third drive unit (24) to stop. When the third drive unit (24) stops, the control device (5) controls the fourth drive unit (25) to start. The fourth drive unit (25) drives the first telescopic rod (28) to move along the axial direction of the fourth drive unit (25). When the signal collected by the fourth sensor (26) reaches the preset value, the control device (5) controls the fourth drive unit (25) to stop. When the fourth drive unit (25) stops, the control device (5) controls the fifth drive unit (33) to start. The fifth drive unit (33) drives the third telescopic column (30) to move along the axial direction of the fifth drive unit (33). When the signal collected by the seventh sensor (39) reaches the preset value, the control device (5) controls the fifth drive unit (33) to stop. When the fifth drive unit (33) stops, the control device (5) controls the sixth drive unit (31) to start. The sixth drive unit (31) drives the second telescopic rod (34) to move along its axis. When the signal collected by the fifth sensor (32) reaches the preset value, the control device (5) controls the sixth drive unit (31) to stop. When the sixth drive unit (31) stops, the control device (5) controls the first drive unit (6) to start. The first drive unit (6) drives the slewing bearing (9) to rotate around the central vertical axis of the base (7). When the signal collected by the first sensor (13) reaches the preset value, the control device (5) controls the first drive unit (6) to stop. When the first driving component (6) stops, the control device (5) controls the seventh driving component (16) to start. The seventh driving component (16) drives the rotating column (17) to rotate along the axis of the seventh driving component (16). When the signal collected by the eighth sensor (40) reaches the preset value, the control device (5) controls the seventh driving component (16) to stop.

10. The clamping method of a precision fixture for large thin-walled components according to claim 9, characterized in that, After the first drive unit (6) stops and before the seventh drive unit (16) starts, the control device (5) controls the fourth drive unit (25) to start. The fourth drive unit (25) drives the first telescopic rod (28) to retract along the axial direction of the fourth drive unit (25). When the signal collected by the fourth sensor (26) reaches the preset value, the control device (5) controls the fourth drive unit (25) to stop. When the fourth drive unit (25) stops, the control device (5) controls the third drive unit (24) to start. The third drive unit (24) drives the second telescopic column (27) to retract along the axis of the third drive unit (24). When the signal collected by the sixth sensor (38) reaches the preset value, the control device (5) controls the third drive unit (24) to stop.

Images