A digital process path automatic generation method for high-precision aluminum part cutting

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of digital process path automatic generation methods for high-precision aluminum piece cutting, and relates to metal cutting technical field.The method comprises the following steps: determining a cutting region based on a three-dimensional model; determining default cutting parameters, performing preliminary path planning, and simulating; marking the same path on adjacent heights as an overlapping path and calculating the maximum cutting depth; updating the path of the overlapping position to obtain a preliminary updated path; and obtaining the maximum travel distance of the overlapping path by piecewise calculation method according to the heat data in the simulation data, then updating the path again to obtain the final tool path.The application predicts the tool temperature after deepening the cutting depth of each overlapping path by piecewise calculation method.When the tool temperature does not exceed the maximum temperature, the cutting depth can be deepened, and when the tool temperature is lower than the temperature threshold, the overlapping path can be segmented, which prevents the tool from overheating on the one hand and ensures the efficiency of cutting on the other hand.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal cutting technology, specifically to a method for automatically generating digital process paths for high-precision aluminum part cutting. Background Technology

[0002] The machining of aluminum parts requires first determining the machining datum and coordinate system based on the aluminum part drawings, and then performing rough machining to quickly remove most of the excess material, leaving a uniform allowance for subsequent finish machining. Next, semi-finish machining is carried out to further refine the shape and improve dimensional accuracy and surface quality. Finally, finish machining is performed, selecting appropriate tools and cutting parameters to ensure that dimensional accuracy and surface roughness meet the standards. If the aluminum part has special structures, such as holes or grooves, special processes such as drilling and milling are required to ensure that all parts are machined properly.

[0003] Toolpath planning is essential for metal cutting. For example, the metal cutting path planning system (patent publication number CN119126668A) includes multiple functional modules: an image acquisition module captures multi-angle, high-resolution images of the workpiece; a 3D reconstruction module uses these images to reconstruct a 3D model; a cutting simulation module simulates the 3D model in a virtual environment, recording stress and heat distribution in real time; an intelligent segmentation module divides the machining process into multiple stages based on stress and heat data; a comprehensive optimization module combines genetic algorithms and simulated annealing algorithms to optimize the cutting path, depth, and feed rate for each machining stage; and a feedback adjustment module monitors stress and heat changes during actual machining, automatically adjusting cutting parameters or pausing machining when thresholds are exceeded. By comprehensively utilizing image processing, simulation, and optimization algorithms, the efficiency and product quality of machining are significantly improved.

[0004] Contour line algorithms are commonly used for automatic tool path generation in surface cutting of aluminum parts. They are suitable for complex curved surfaces and have a stable machining process with high parameter controllability. However, the above-mentioned path planning method and the existing commonly used contour line algorithm require that the material at the higher position be cut before the material at the bottom can be cut. There are many repeated path lines, and the overlapping upper and lower positions of the path cannot be cut at the same time, which is not conducive to improving cutting efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an automatic digital process path generation method for high-precision aluminum part cutting, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for automatically generating digital process paths for high-precision aluminum part cutting, comprising:

[0007] Data collection: Collect historical cutting data samples, acquire images, create 3D models, and determine the cutting area;

[0008] Preliminary path planning: Default cutting parameters are determined by the default parameter calculation method. Preliminary path planning is performed using the contour algorithm to obtain the preliminary tool path. Simulation is then conducted to obtain simulation data.

[0009] Statistical overlapping paths: Mark paths with the same height as adjacent paths as overlapping paths, calculate their lengths, and calculate the maximum cutting depth based on historical data using the maximum cutting depth calculation method;

[0010] Overlapping path overlay: Calculate the depth of each position on the overlapping path, and combine it with the maximum cutting depth to update the path at the overlapping positions using the path update method to obtain the initial updated path;

[0011] Simulation verification: The updated path is simulated to obtain new simulation data. Based on the heat data in the simulation data, the maximum travel distance of the overlapping path is obtained through a segmented calculation method. The path is updated again to obtain the final tool path.

[0012] Preferably, the method for determining the default parameters includes:

[0013] By analyzing the cutting parameters in historical cutting data, aluminum parts of the same type are grouped together for cutting.

[0014] Within the same category, select the first few historical parameter data points, number them chronologically, and use the current default cutting parameter to be determined as the last number. Calculate the default cutting parameter using the formula, specifically:

[0015] ;

[0016] in This indicates the default cutting parameters corresponding to the parameter data with the number t. This represents the historical parameter data corresponding to parameter data numbered t-1. This indicates the default cutting parameters corresponding to parameter data numbered t-1, and .

[0017] Preferably, the method for calculating the maximum cutting depth includes:

[0018] Collect the historical maximum depth of cut for the same tool in historical cutting data, and count the total length and total number of overlapping paths in the corresponding cutting data;

[0019] Calculate the average length of each segment, then calculate the product of the average length and the historical maximum cutting depth, and mark it as the reference coefficient;

[0020] Calculate the total length and number of segments of the layer with the most overlapping paths in the preliminary toolpath, and calculate the average length of each segment. Keep the product of the average length and the maximum depth of cut the same as the reference coefficient to obtain the maximum depth of cut.

[0021] Preferably, the method for calculating the maximum cutting depth includes:

[0022] Collect the historical maximum cutting depth of the two most recent samples of the same tool in the historical cutting data, and calculate the historical longest distance of the overlapping path in the sample and the historical idle time before the historical longest distance. Assign a stability coefficient to the historical idle time, and use the stability coefficient to weight the historical idle time.

[0023] Calculate the product of the longest historical distance and the maximum historical cutting depth, and use the sum of the product and the weighted historical empty running time as the benchmark coefficient;

[0024] By ensuring that the baseline coefficient and stability coefficient of the two samples are consistent, the determined values ​​of the baseline coefficient and stability coefficient are calculated.

[0025] Calculate the longest distance of the layer with the most overlapping paths in the preliminary toolpath and the idle time before the longest distance. Calculate the product of the longest distance and the maximum depth of cut. Set the sum of the product and the weighted idle time to the reference coefficient to obtain the maximum depth of cut.

[0026] Preferably, the path update method includes:

[0027] The maximum cutting depth is compared with the overlap depth of the overlapping paths. Overlapping paths that are less than the maximum cutting depth are merged into the topmost path, and the cutting depth is adjusted synchronously. At the same time, the overlapping path markers are removed.

[0028] For overlapping paths that are higher than the maximum cutting depth, merge several layers of paths at the same height as the maximum cutting depth into the topmost path, remove the overlapping path markers that have already been merged, and update the path again until all overlapping path markers are removed.

[0029] Preferably, the segmented calculation method includes:

[0030] The highest temperature in historical cutting data is statistically analyzed, and the path points that reach the highest temperature are marked in the simulation as segmentation points.

[0031] At the segmentation point, the cutting depth is changed to the single-layer path height, and the simulation continues. The process of increasing the cutting depth at the beginning of the overlapping path is canceled until the tool temperature drops to the temperature threshold.

[0032] Establish a call library and record all cutting parameters before the segmentation point. Then, directly call the library to the initial toolpath at the same cutting parameter position to reduce the number of simulations.

[0033] When the tool temperature is consistently below the maximum temperature during simulation, the final toolpath can be determined.

[0034] Preferably, the segmented calculation method includes:

[0035] The highest temperature in historical cutting data is statistically analyzed, and the path point that reaches the highest temperature is marked in the simulation as the segment point. The temperature of the segment point and the final temperature of the overlapping path are marked as the end temperature.

[0036] At the segmentation point, the cutting depth is changed to the single-layer path height, and the simulation continues.

[0037] The end temperature, the cutting depth at the corresponding end temperature, the cutting length of the overlapping path before the corresponding end temperature, and the tool temperature before entering the overlapping path in the same layer path are counted as a calculation sample.

[0038] Accurate coefficient values ​​are obtained by performing regression analysis on the formula using multiple computational samples. The specific formula is as follows:

[0039] ;

[0040] in Indicates the terminal temperature. This indicates the tool temperature before entering the overlapping path. Indicates the cutting length. Indicates the depth of cut. , , , , All of these are regression coefficients that need to be obtained through regression analysis;

[0041] After calculating the accurate regression coefficients, the tool temperature before each overlapping path, the length of the overlapping path, and the depth of cut are substituted into the formula to calculate the predicted value of the end temperature in the subsequent overlapping paths of the same layer path.

[0042] The predicted value is compared with the highest temperature. If the predicted value is higher than the highest temperature, the process of increasing the cutting depth by canceling the overlapping path is not performed. If the predicted value is lower than the highest temperature, the cutting depth is increased on the overlapping path to obtain the final tool path.

[0043] Preferably, for overlapping paths that require a deeper cutting depth, the tool travel time of a single layer in the overlapping path and the number of overlapping paths are statistically analyzed, and the total travel time of a single layer is calculated.

[0044] The time taken for the tool to change the cutting depth multiple times in the overlapping path and the number of times the tool needs to pass through the overlapping path are statistically analyzed. The deepening cutting time is calculated by comparing the number of times the tool passes through the path with the tool time of a single-layer path. The deepening cutting time is then summed with the time taken to change the cutting depth multiple times to obtain the overlapping passage time.

[0045] Compare the overlapping passage time with the total passage time of a single layer. If the overlapping passage time is longer than the total passage time of a single layer, then the overlapping path is removed from the marker.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0047] When cutting aluminum, the path update method increases the cutting depth of the material at higher and lower positions in the contour algorithm by repeating the path, and the overlapping positions of the paths are cut simultaneously, which is beneficial to improving cutting efficiency.

[0048] Meanwhile, by using a segmented calculation method, the tool temperature after the cutting depth is increased for each overlapping path is predicted. When the tool temperature does not exceed the maximum temperature, the cutting depth can be increased. When the tool temperature is below the temperature threshold, the overlapping path can be segmented. This prevents the tool from overheating and ensures cutting efficiency.

[0049] Furthermore, by using the default parameter determination method and combining several historical parameter data, a basic default parameter is set for the subsequent aluminum block cutting stop, ensuring the use of equipment and materials as much as possible. This protects the equipment and reduces the number of subsequent manual adjustments, thereby reducing labor costs and improving production efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the automatic path generation method in this invention;

[0051] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the method for calculating the maximum cutting depth in this invention.

[0052] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the segmented calculation method in this invention;

[0053] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the contour path in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] In this application, for ease of understanding, the method steps used do not necessarily need to be executed in the order of steps in this embodiment during actual operation. In other embodiments, these steps may be performed simultaneously or in a different order. Example 1:

[0056] When cutting aluminum, the contour algorithm increases the cutting depth by combining the material at higher and lower positions in the repeated path. The overlapping positions of the paths are cut simultaneously. In high-precision aluminum cutting, this not only improves cutting efficiency but also does not adversely affect the surface quality after cutting, making it suitable for high-precision applications.

[0057] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a method for automatically generating digital process paths for high-precision aluminum part cutting, comprising:

[0058] Data collection: Collect historical cutting data samples, acquire images, create 3D models, and determine the cutting area;

[0059] Preliminary path planning: Default cutting parameters are determined by the default parameter calculation method. Preliminary path planning is performed using the contour algorithm to obtain the preliminary tool path. Simulation is then conducted to obtain simulation data.

[0060] Statistical overlapping paths: Mark paths with the same height as adjacent paths as overlapping paths, calculate their lengths, and calculate the maximum cutting depth based on historical data using the maximum cutting depth calculation method;

[0061] Overlapping path overlay: Calculate the depth of each position on the overlapping path, and combine it with the maximum cutting depth to update the path at the overlapping positions using the path update method to obtain the initial updated path;

[0062] Simulation verification: The updated path is simulated to obtain new simulation data. Based on the heat data in the simulation data, the maximum travel distance of the overlapping path is obtained through a segmented calculation method. The path is updated again to obtain the final tool path.

[0063] It is important to note that in practical applications, the contour line algorithm is an existing technology. It processes complex curved surfaces by cutting the workpiece surface layer by layer to generate parallel contour line paths. The algorithm layers the 3D model according to a certain height and generates contour line paths on each layer, ensuring uniform path spacing. The specific implementation method will not be elaborated here. Furthermore, the simulation of the cutting path is also an existing technology, mainly implemented through numerical simulation techniques such as the finite element method and the discrete element method, combined with experimental verification to optimize model accuracy. The specific implementation method will not be elaborated here.

[0064] Methods for determining default parameters include:

[0065] By analyzing historical cutting parameters, aluminum parts of the same type are grouped together for cutting.

[0066] Within the same category, select the first few historical parameter data points, number them chronologically, and use the current default cutting parameter to be determined as the last number. Calculate the default cutting parameter using the formula, specifically:

[0067] ;

[0068] in This indicates the default cutting parameters corresponding to the parameter data with the number t. This represents the historical parameter data corresponding to parameter data numbered t-1. This indicates the default cutting parameters corresponding to parameter data numbered t-1, and .

[0069] It should be noted that, for ease of understanding, the following simulated data is used:

[0070] Assuming the selected roughing (cutting process is divided into roughing and finishing) historical parameters are 4 times, the data is shown in Table 1 below:

[0071] Table 1: Historical Parameter Table

[0072]

[0073] The default cutting parameters for the current cut (cut number 5) are calculated based on historical data from the previous four cuts (the more times selected, the more accurate the calculation; selection can be based on actual conditions, but these selected historical cuts must be within the same equipment change cycle as the current cut, such as the same maintenance cycle). Before machining, a sample machining operation can be performed based on the default cutting parameters, and then the actual cutting parameters can be adjusted according to the actual situation. Therefore, the default cutting parameters and the actual cutting parameters may differ. The purpose of the default cutting parameters is to approximate the actual cutting parameters as closely as possible, reducing the number of adjustments required. Details are as follows:

[0074] For cutting speed (units are the same as above, omitted here):

[0075] =150;

[0076] =0.7×150+0.3×150=150;

[0077] =0.7×160+0.3×150=112+45=157;

[0078] =0.7×155+0.3×157=108.5+47.1=155.6;

[0079] (Default cutting parameters for this cut) =0.7×165+0.3×155.6=115.5+46.68=162.18.

[0080] For feed rate:

[0081] =0.2;

[0082] =0.7×0.2+0.3×0.2=0.2;

[0083] =0.7×0.25+0.3×0.2=0.175+0.06=0.235;

[0084] =0.7×0.22+0.3×0.235=0.154+0.0705=0.2245;

[0085] (Default cutting parameters for this cut) =0.7×0.28+0.3×0.2245=0.196+0.06735=0.26335.

[0086] Therefore, in the default cutting parameters for this cut, the cutting speed is 162.18 m / min, the feed rate is [value missing], and the depth of cut is calculated using the same algorithm. Furthermore, in actual use, other unlisted parameters can also be calculated, such as the type of coolant (identifiable through coding) and the tool's tilt angle and dimensions, etc. The principle is the same, and details will not be described further. Ultimately, the following can be obtained: Figure 4 The contour line cutting path diagram is shown.

[0087] like Figure 2 As shown, the methods for calculating the maximum depth of cut include:

[0088] Collect the historical maximum depth of cut for the same tool in historical cutting data, and count the total length and total number of overlapping paths in the corresponding cutting data;

[0089] Calculate the average length of each segment, then calculate the product of the average length and the historical maximum cutting depth, and mark it as the reference coefficient;

[0090] Calculate the total length and number of segments of the layer with the most overlapping paths in the preliminary toolpath, and calculate the average length of each segment. Keep the product of the average length and the maximum depth of cut the same as the reference coefficient to obtain the maximum depth of cut.

[0091] It should be noted that, for ease of understanding, the following simulated data is used:

[0092] Assume that the historical maximum cutting depth of the same tool in the historical cutting data is 2.3 mm, and the total length of the overlapping path in this cutting process is 180 mm, and this path length consists of 4 independent paths. In the initial tool path of this cutting, the maximum number of overlapping paths is 4, and the total length and the total number of segments are 120 mm and 3 segments, respectively.

[0093] First, calculate the baseline coefficient as (180÷4)×2.3=103.5;

[0094] The average length of the most overlapping paths in the initial toolpath is calculated to be 120 ÷ 4 = 30 mm. To make the product of 30 and the maximum depth of cut the same as the reference coefficient, the maximum depth of cut is 103.5 ÷ 30 = 3.45 mm.

[0095] Path update methods include:

[0096] The maximum cutting depth is compared with the overlap depth of the overlapping paths. Overlapping paths that are less than the maximum cutting depth are merged into the topmost path, and the cutting depth is adjusted synchronously. At the same time, the overlapping path markers are removed.

[0097] For overlapping paths that are higher than the maximum cutting depth, merge several layers of paths at the same height as the maximum cutting depth into the topmost path, remove the overlapping path markers that have already been merged, and update the path again until all overlapping path markers are removed.

[0098] It should be noted that, for ease of understanding, the following simulated data is used:

[0099] Assuming that there is a section of the initial toolpath with 4 overlapping paths (each path has a depth of 1mm) and a maximum cutting depth of 3mm, the top three paths are merged into the top path. This means that the cutting depth in the top path is increased to 3mm, while the original three paths are cut. The remaining single-layer paths are then divided into separate single-layer paths. When cutting the middle two layers in other positions, this area is in an idle state, thereby improving cutting efficiency.

[0100] like Figure 3 As shown, the piecewise calculation method includes:

[0101] The highest temperature in historical cutting data is statistically analyzed, and the path points that reach the highest temperature are marked in the simulation as segmentation points.

[0102] At the segmentation point, the cutting depth is changed to the single-layer path height, and the simulation continues. The process of increasing the cutting depth at the beginning of the overlapping path is canceled until the tool temperature drops to the temperature threshold.

[0103] Establish a call library and record all cutting parameters before the segmentation point. Then, directly call the library to the initial toolpath at the same cutting parameter position to reduce the number of simulations.

[0104] When the tool temperature is consistently below the maximum temperature during simulation, the final toolpath can be determined.

[0105] It should be noted that, for ease of understanding, the following simulated data is used:

[0106] The highest temperature in the historical cutting data can be calculated by averaging the highest temperatures of the most recent times, which improves representativeness. In addition, the height of the single-sided path is set by technicians and determined according to different complex curved surfaces and tool types.

[0107] Assuming the initial update path contains a 78mm long four-layer overlapping path with a cutting depth of 2mm (the cutting depth of a single-layer path is 0.5mm), when the tool reaches its maximum temperature after cutting 64mm, the cutting depth can be changed back to 0.5mm to perform the first update of the initial update path. Afterward, cutting continues along the single-layer path. When the tool temperature is lower than the temperature threshold (the temperature threshold is slightly higher than the average temperature of the tool when cutting a single-layer path, which can be specified by the technician; the closer the temperature threshold is to the average temperature, the more stable the operation, but it may cause a decrease in cutting speed and reduce the deepening of the overlapping path), the cutting depth can be changed again. This allows for more path updates to be performed until the entire path simulation is completed, and the tool temperature is kept below the maximum temperature throughout the entire process to obtain the final tool path. Example 2:

[0108] In Example 1, the reference coefficient is calculated by using the average length and depth of the overlapping path in historical data to obtain the maximum tangential depth of the current cut. However, for overlapping path segments with different time intervals, the heat dissipation and stress release of the tool are different. Therefore, the accuracy of calculating the reference coefficient by the average length is low. Based on this, this example provides another method for calculating the maximum cutting depth.

[0109] like Figure 2 As shown, the methods for calculating the maximum depth of cut include:

[0110] Collect the historical maximum cutting depth of the two most recent samples of the same tool in the historical cutting data, and calculate the historical longest distance of the overlapping path in the sample and the historical idle time before the historical longest distance. Assign a stability coefficient to the historical idle time, and use the stability coefficient to weight the historical idle time.

[0111] Calculate the product of the longest historical distance and the maximum historical cutting depth, and use the sum of the product and the weighted historical empty running time as the benchmark coefficient;

[0112] By ensuring that the baseline coefficient and stability coefficient of the two samples are consistent, the determined values ​​of the baseline coefficient and stability coefficient are calculated.

[0113] Calculate the longest distance of the layer with the most overlapping paths in the preliminary toolpath and the idle time before the longest distance. Calculate the product of the longest distance and the maximum depth of cut. Set the sum of the product and the weighted idle time to the reference coefficient to obtain the maximum depth of cut.

[0114] It should be noted that, for ease of understanding, the following simulated data is used:

[0115] Assuming the historical cutting data includes:

[0116] The historical maximum cutting depth of the same tool in Sample 1 is 2.3 mm, the historical longest distance of overlapping paths is 50 mm, and the historical idle time is 22 s.

[0117] In Sample 2, the historical maximum cutting depth of the same tool was 2.1 mm, the historical longest distance of overlapping paths was 45 mm, and the historical idle time was 12 s.

[0118] In the initial toolpath of this cutting, the maximum number of overlapping paths is 4, and the longest distance and idle time of the maximum number of overlapping paths are 40mm and 15s, respectively.

[0119] First, assume the stability coefficient is a;

[0120] The baseline coefficient for sample 1 is 22a + 2.3 × 50, and the baseline coefficient for sample 2 is 12a + 2.1 × 45. Since the baseline coefficients for the two samples are the same, the stability coefficient can be calculated as a = -2.05, and the baseline coefficient can be calculated as 69.9.

[0121] Assuming the maximum cutting depth is b in this cutting operation, the reference coefficient is -2.05×15+40b=69.9, and the maximum cutting depth can be calculated to be approximately 2.53mm.

[0122] By combining the idle time before the longest distance and fully considering the heat dissipation and stress release of the tool and aluminum part, the deep changes brought about by the cutting depth and cutting distance to the tool and aluminum part can be more accurately reflected, improving the accuracy of the maximum cutting depth and further reducing the number of subsequent adjustments. Example 3:

[0123] In Example 1, the overlapping path can only be deepened when the tool temperature is below the temperature threshold to ensure stable operation of the equipment. However, this may cause short overlapping paths to be missed, resulting in limited improvement in cutting efficiency. Based on this, this example provides another segmented calculation method to further improve cutting efficiency.

[0124] like Figure 3 As shown, the piecewise calculation method includes:

[0125] The highest temperature in historical cutting data is statistically analyzed, and the path point that reaches the highest temperature is marked in the simulation as the segment point. The temperature of the segment point and the final temperature of the overlapping path are marked as the end temperature.

[0126] At the segmentation point, the cutting depth is changed to the single-layer path height, and the simulation continues.

[0127] The end temperature, the cutting depth at the corresponding end temperature, the cutting length of the overlapping path before the corresponding end temperature, and the tool temperature before entering the overlapping path in the same layer path are counted as a calculation sample.

[0128] Accurate coefficient values ​​are obtained by performing regression analysis on the formula using multiple computational samples. The specific formula is as follows:

[0129] ;

[0130] in Indicates the terminal temperature. This indicates the tool temperature before entering the overlapping path. Indicates the cutting length. Indicates the depth of cut. , , , , All of these are regression coefficients that need to be obtained through regression analysis;

[0131] After calculating the accurate regression coefficients, the tool temperature before each overlapping path, the length of the overlapping path, and the depth of cut are substituted into the formula to calculate the predicted value of the end temperature in the subsequent overlapping paths of the same layer path.

[0132] The predicted value is compared with the highest temperature. If the predicted value is higher than the highest temperature, the process of increasing the cutting depth by canceling the overlapping path is not performed. If the predicted value is lower than the highest temperature, the cutting depth is increased on the overlapping path to obtain the final tool path.

[0133] It should be noted that, for ease of understanding, the following simulated data is used:

[0134] In the machining simulation of aluminum parts, one layer of the path has some parameters as shown in Table 2 (assuming the highest temperature is 230℃ and the temperature threshold is 33℃):

[0135] Table 2: Simulation Parameters

[0136]

[0137] After performing regression analysis on the formula using the above parameters (regression analysis is a current technique that can be calculated using the nonlinear least squares method, details of which will not be elaborated further), we can obtain... , , , , The values ​​are 2.52, 9.95, 5.03, 0.89, and 1.11, respectively.

[0138] Then, in subsequent simulations, the tool temperature before each overlapping path, the overlapping path length, and the cutting depth are substituted into the formula to calculate the predicted end temperature. Assuming there is another overlapping path, the tool temperature before this overlapping path is 35℃, the overlapping path length is 50mm, and the cutting depth is 3mm. According to the formula, the predicted end temperature is 157.7℃, which is lower than the maximum temperature of 230℃. Therefore, the overlapping path here can improve cutting efficiency by increasing the cutting depth. However, in Example 1, the tool temperature is higher than the temperature threshold and the cutting depth cannot be increased. Therefore, compared with Example 1, the cutting efficiency is further improved.

[0139] Furthermore, for overlapping paths that require a deeper cutting depth, the tool travel time of a single layer in the overlapping path and the number of overlapping layers are statistically analyzed, and the total travel time of a single layer is calculated.

[0140] The time taken for the tool to change the cutting depth multiple times in the overlapping path and the number of times the tool needs to pass through the overlapping path are statistically analyzed. The deepening cutting time is calculated by comparing the number of times the tool passes through the path with the tool time of a single-layer path. The deepening cutting time is then summed with the time taken to change the cutting depth multiple times to obtain the overlapping passage time.

[0141] Compare the overlapping passage time with the total passage time of a single layer. If the overlapping passage time is longer than the total passage time of a single layer, then the overlapping path is removed from the marker.

[0142] It should be noted that when cutting in a single layer, the tool does not need to stop or adjust the cutting depth, so the movement speed is faster. However, cutting in a single layer requires passing through the same position more times. Therefore, when the number of overlapping layers is small or the overlapping path is too short, single-layer cutting can continue to be used to ensure cutting efficiency.

[0143] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended embodiments and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for automatically generating digital process paths for high-precision aluminum part cutting, characterized in that, include: Data collection: Collect historical cutting data samples, acquire images, create 3D models, and determine the cutting area; Preliminary path planning: Default cutting parameters are determined by the default parameter calculation method. Preliminary path planning is performed using the contour algorithm to obtain the preliminary tool path. Simulation is then conducted to obtain simulation data. Statistical overlapping paths: Mark paths with the same height as adjacent paths as overlapping paths, calculate their lengths, and calculate the maximum cutting depth based on historical data using the maximum cutting depth calculation method; Overlapping path overlay: Calculate the depth of each position on the overlapping path, and combine it with the maximum cutting depth to update the path at the overlapping positions using the path update method to obtain the initial updated path; Simulation verification: The updated path is simulated to obtain new simulation data. Based on the heat data in the simulation data, the maximum travel distance of the overlapping path is obtained through a segmented calculation method. The path is updated again to obtain the final tool path.

2. The method for automatically generating digital process paths for high-precision aluminum part cutting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for determining the default parameters includes: By analyzing the cutting parameters in historical cutting data, aluminum parts of the same type are grouped together for cutting. Within the same category, select the first few historical parameter data points, number them chronologically, and use the current default cutting parameter to be determined as the last number. Calculate the default cutting parameter using the formula, specifically: ； in This indicates the default cutting parameters corresponding to the parameter data with the number t. This represents the historical parameter data corresponding to parameter data numbered t-1. This indicates the default cutting parameters corresponding to parameter data numbered t-1, and .

3. The method for automatically generating digital process paths for high-precision aluminum part cutting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for calculating the maximum cutting depth includes: Collect the historical maximum depth of cut for the same tool in historical cutting data, and count the total length and total number of overlapping paths in the corresponding cutting data; Calculate the average length of each segment, then calculate the product of the average length and the historical maximum cutting depth, and mark it as the reference coefficient; Calculate the total length and number of segments of the layer with the most overlapping paths in the preliminary toolpath, and calculate the average length of each segment. Keep the product of the average length and the maximum depth of cut the same as the reference coefficient to obtain the maximum depth of cut.

4. The method for automatically generating digital process paths for high-precision aluminum part cutting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for calculating the maximum cutting depth includes: Collect the historical maximum cutting depth of the two most recent samples of the same tool in the historical cutting data, and calculate the historical longest distance of the overlapping path in the sample and the historical idle time before the historical longest distance. Assign a stability coefficient to the historical idle time, and use the stability coefficient to weight the historical idle time. Calculate the product of the longest historical distance and the maximum historical cutting depth, and use the sum of the product and the weighted historical empty running time as the benchmark coefficient; By ensuring that the baseline coefficient and stability coefficient of the two samples are consistent, the determined values ​​of the baseline coefficient and stability coefficient are calculated. Calculate the longest distance of the layer with the most overlapping paths in the preliminary toolpath and the idle time before the longest distance. Calculate the product of the longest distance and the maximum depth of cut. Set the sum of the product and the weighted idle time to the reference coefficient to obtain the maximum depth of cut.

5. The method for automatically generating digital process paths for high-precision aluminum part cutting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The path update method includes: The maximum cutting depth is compared with the overlap depth of the overlapping paths. Overlapping paths that are less than the maximum cutting depth are merged into the topmost path, and the cutting depth is adjusted synchronously. At the same time, the overlapping path markers are removed. For overlapping paths that are higher than the maximum cutting depth, merge several layers of paths at the same height as the maximum cutting depth into the topmost path, remove the overlapping path markers that have already been merged, and update the path again until all overlapping path markers are removed.

6. The method for automatically generating digital process paths for high-precision aluminum part cutting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The segmented calculation method includes: The highest temperature in historical cutting data is statistically analyzed, and the path points that reach the highest temperature are marked in the simulation as segmentation points. At the segmentation point, the cutting depth is changed to the single-layer path height, and the simulation continues. The process of increasing the cutting depth at the beginning of the overlapping path is canceled until the tool temperature drops to the temperature threshold. Establish a call library and record all cutting parameters before the segmentation point. Then, directly call the library to the initial toolpath at the same cutting parameter position to reduce the number of simulations. When the tool temperature is consistently below the maximum temperature during simulation, the final toolpath can be determined.

7. The method for automatically generating digital process paths for high-precision aluminum part cutting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The segmented calculation method includes: The highest temperature in historical cutting data is statistically analyzed, and the path point that reaches the highest temperature is marked in the simulation as the segment point. The temperature of the segment point and the final temperature of the overlapping path are marked as the end temperature. At the segmentation point, the cutting depth is changed to the single-layer path height, and the simulation continues. The end temperature, the cutting depth at the corresponding end temperature, the cutting length of the overlapping path before the corresponding end temperature, and the tool temperature before entering the overlapping path in the same layer path are counted as a calculation sample. Accurate coefficient values ​​are obtained by performing regression analysis on the formula using multiple computational samples. The specific formula is as follows: ； in Indicates the terminal temperature. This indicates the tool temperature before entering the overlapping path. Indicates the cutting length. Indicates the depth of cut. , , , , All of these are regression coefficients that need to be obtained through regression analysis; After calculating the accurate regression coefficients, the tool temperature before each overlapping path, the length of the overlapping path, and the depth of cut are substituted into the formula to calculate the predicted value of the end temperature in the subsequent overlapping paths of the same layer path. The predicted value is compared with the highest temperature. If the predicted value is higher than the highest temperature, the process of increasing the cutting depth by canceling the overlapping path is not performed. If the predicted value is lower than the highest temperature, the cutting depth is increased on the overlapping path to obtain the final tool path.

8. The method for automatically generating digital process paths for high-precision aluminum part cutting according to claim 7, characterized in that, include: For overlapping paths that require increased cutting depth, the tool travel time of a single layer in the overlapping path and the number of overlapping layers are statistically analyzed, and the total travel time of a single layer is calculated. The time taken for the tool to change the cutting depth multiple times in the overlapping path and the number of times the tool needs to pass through the overlapping path are statistically analyzed. The deepening cutting time is calculated by comparing the number of times the tool passes through the path with the tool time of a single-layer path. The deepening cutting time is then summed with the time taken to change the cutting depth multiple times to obtain the overlapping passage time. Compare the overlapping passage time with the total passage time of a single layer. If the overlapping passage time is longer than the total passage time of a single layer, then the overlapping path is removed from the marker.

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