Fabricated blast-avoiding shed equipment suitable for electric excavator and mounting and dismounting method of fabricated blast-avoiding shed equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses assembly type blast-avoiding shed equipment suitable for an electric excavator and an assembly and disassembly method. The equipment comprises a fixed supporting module, a main body frame, a protection mechanism and an auxiliary mechanism. The fixed supporting module is poured in the foundation pit through concrete; the main body frame comprises a main beam and a side supporting frame; the protection mechanism comprises a protection roller shutter assembly, a protection ceiling and a protection top plate, and the protection roller shutter assembly is arranged on the front side of the main body frame; the protective ceiling is arranged on the rear side of the body frame. The protective top plate is fixedly arranged on the top of the body frame. The auxiliary mechanism comprises a pedestrian trestle and a cable bridge, and the pedestrian trestle is arranged on the main beam; the cable bridge is of a square tube structure and protects the cable. The blast-avoiding shed equipment integrally adopts a detachable modular framework, can be independently disassembled, transported and assembled, can adapt to different types of electric excavators and high-slope complex terrains, realizes machine body-cable-personnel full-dimension protection, and can also be additionally provided with accessories and adjust parameters according to needs to adapt to more complex scenes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mine safety equipment technology, and more specifically, relates to a prefabricated explosion avoidance device for electric excavators and a method for its installation and dismantling. Background Technology

[0002] In open-pit mine drilling and blasting operations on high slopes, traditional blast protection facilities are mostly fixed concrete bunkers or simple welded steel structure sheds. These facilities are usually fixed at specific work locations and cannot follow the movement trajectory of electric excavators that are frequently adjusted according to work needs. As a result, the original facilities lose their protective function after the equipment is moved, and a new site must be selected and built. In terms of protection function, they only focus on the impact of flying rocks on the machine body, lacking special protection for the long-distance power cables of electric excavators, and there are no safe passages for operators to enter and exit. There are hidden dangers such as cables being easily damaged by flying rocks and personnel being exposed to risk areas. Moreover, the assembly process relies on on-site welding or large mechanical hoisting, which is complicated and time-consuming. The deployment flexibility in narrow working areas on high slopes is extremely poor, and it is difficult to respond quickly to the work rhythm.

[0003] Chinese patent CN222579097U discloses a portable mobile open-air blasting shelter that reduces the space occupied by folding, providing convenience for transportation and relocation; however, it still has significant defects: (1) It lacks a standardized adaptation design, and cannot flexibly adjust the frame spacing and protection range according to the size of the excavator, thus limiting its adaptability; (2) The protection dimensions are still incomplete, with no shock wave buffer structure and no integrated cable isolation protection, which can only protect the workers; (3) The installation process still requires on-site drilling or customized processing, and the work efficiency is difficult to meet the dynamic operation requirements of high slopes.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a device with a canopy for fire protection, which has high installation efficiency, can provide all-round protection, and can be adapted to various types of excavators. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the problems of poor adaptability, limited protection dimensions, and low installation and dismantling efficiency of existing blast avoidance devices, this invention provides a prefabricated blast avoidance canopy device and installation and dismantling method suitable for electric excavators to solve these problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a prefabricated explosion-proof canopy device suitable for electric excavators, comprising a fixed support module fixed in the foundation pit by post-cast concrete, with two sets arranged at design intervals; the fixed support module includes piers, anchor bars, and embedded steel plates; a detachable main frame mounted on top of the fixed support module, including a main beam and side support frames vertically fixed to both ends of the main beam; the main beam is higher than the electric excavator; a multi-dimensional protection mechanism including protective roller shutter assemblies, a protective canopy, and a protective top plate located on the front, rear, and top sides of the main frame; the protective roller shutter assemblies can completely close or open openings in the main frame by raising and lowering the roller shutter; and an auxiliary mechanism for special protection of operators and power cables, including a pedestrian walkway and a cable tray; the pedestrian walkway is located on the main beam to isolate operators from the outside; the cable tray is an L-shaped square tube structure, including vertical pipes and ground pipes connected together to protect the cables.

[0007] Furthermore, the side support frame is a square frame structure, including multiple sets of horizontal beams arranged in parallel, and columns vertically fixed at both ends of the horizontal beams.

[0008] Furthermore, mounting sleeves are fixed at both ends of the crossbeam, and the column is made of square steel with a cross-sectional dimension that matches the inner ring of the mounting sleeve. The mounting sleeve is a square tube structure with a horizontal partition at the center of the tube, dividing the sleeve into upper and lower parts. The upper and lower ends of the sleeve are respectively inserted into the column, thereby quickly completing the assembly of the side support frame. The sleeve and the column are provided with corresponding pin holes. After the column is inserted into the sleeve for horizontal positioning, the pin holes of the two are aligned, and a pin is inserted for vertical positioning to prevent the column from coming out of the sleeve.

[0009] Furthermore, the pier column is a cuboid structure, formed by casting a steel reinforcement skeleton with high-strength concrete. Two sets of these skeletons are located at the bottom ends of the main frame, with their spacing adjusted according to the width of the main frame. Multiple sets of anchor bars are vertically fixed to the bottom of the pier column. Their upper ends are welded to the internal steel reinforcement skeleton of the pier column, and their bottoms are inserted below the bottom of the foundation pit. The pit is then backfilled with low-strength concrete, forming a rigid anchoring system of pier column-anchor bar-foundation pit. An embedded steel plate is fixed to the top of the pier column, with its bottom plate welded to the top of the steel reinforcement skeleton and cast into the pier column. Multiple through holes are opened on the plate, and threaded sleeves are installed at the bottom of these through holes. These threaded sleeves are welded to the steel reinforcement skeleton and cast into the pier column. The bottom of the main frame is fixed to the pier column using fixing bolts.

[0010] Furthermore, a mounting plate is fixedly provided at the bottom of the side support frame, and an elongated adjustment hole is provided on it, so as to quickly align with the screw sleeve on the fixed support module through the elongated adjustment hole; an adjustment pad is also provided at the bottom of the mounting plate for adjusting the height of the side support frame.

[0011] Furthermore, the protective roller blind assembly includes a roller blind, a roller blind motor, and guide grooves; the roller blind motor is fixedly installed on the top front side of the main frame and is used to raise and lower the roller blind; one end of the roller blind is connected to the roller blind motor, and the other end is located at the bottom of the main frame to close and protect the opening at the front of the main frame; two sets of guide grooves are provided, which are symmetrically fixed at both ends of the front side of the main frame, and support and limit the roller blind on both sides. The roller blind is located in the guide grooves and moves up and down in the vertical direction under the limiting action of the guide grooves.

[0012] Furthermore, the protective canopy includes a canopy panel and a hydraulic cylinder. The front end of the canopy panel is hinged to the top rear side of the main frame, and the rear end is hinged to the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder. There are two sets of hydraulic cylinders, the bottom of which is hinged to the rear side of the main frame. By extending and retracting the piston rod, the rear end of the canopy panel is rotated upward to form a complete top protective surface, covering the rear and part of the side area of ​​the electric excavator.

[0013] Furthermore, the pedestrian walkway includes walkway panels and guardrails; the walkway panels are fixedly connected to the main beam by bolts; a telescopic ladder is attached to one end of the walkway panel, and one end of the telescopic ladder is located on the ground; the guardrails are vertically installed on both sides of the walkway panel, with an overall height of 1.2m, and the bottom is fixed to the walkway panel by flanges and bolts.

[0014] Furthermore, the cable tray includes a vertical pipe and a ground pipe. The vertical pipe is used to protect the cables laid in the vertical direction and is fixed to the right side of the main frame by bolts. The ground pipe is laid on the ground, and one end of it is connected to the bottom of the vertical pipe. Rubber sealing rings are provided at the connection between the two and at the inlet and outlet.

[0015] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for installing and dismantling a prefabricated fire-avoidance canopy for an electric excavator is also provided, comprising the following steps: S100: Complete the excavation and positioning of the foundation pit, place the pier with anchor bars in the foundation pit, adjust the levelness, and backfill and cure with low-strength concrete; check the center distance and levelness of the piers, and complete the installation. S200: Assemble the side support frames according to the required height, and place the two sets of side support frames on the top of the pier column for alignment. After completion, tighten the bolts for fixation; place both ends of the main beam on the crossbeam of the corresponding height and fix them with bolts. S300: Install protective roller shutter assemblies and protective canopies on the front and rear sides of the main frame respectively, and test whether they are operating normally; install a protective top plate on the top of the main frame; S400: Fix the walkway planks to the top of the main beam and install guardrails on both sides; install a telescopic ladder on the left side of the pedestrian walkway; S500: Fix the vertical pipe to the right side of the main frame and connect it to the ground pipe at the bottom; after completion, lay the cable and seal it with a cover plate; proceed to the next step of protection work; S600: After the excavation work is completed, the auxiliary and protective mechanisms are dismantled in sequence; S700: Loosen the bolts connecting the main beam and the side support frame, and lift the main beam away; unscrew the fixing bolts, lift the side support frame away and disassemble it, separating the crossbeams and columns for classified storage; S800: Use an electric excavator to excavate the foundation pit, break up the backfill concrete, completely remove the pier with anchor bars, and backfill the foundation pit with the original soil. S900: Transfer the disassembled modules to the next protection point for installation. In summary, compared with the prior art, the above-described technical solutions conceived by this invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: 1. The blasting shelter equipment of the present invention adopts a fully modular and detachable structure. The piers of the fixed support modules can be completely excavated and reused. After the main frame, protective mechanism and auxiliary mechanism are disassembled, the maximum size of the components is less than 3m. Only 3-4 people are needed to complete the assembly or disassembly operation within 4 hours. There is no need to rely on large hoisting equipment. It can be quickly moved with the change of the working position of the electric excavator, avoiding the cost waste caused by the abandonment of the original facilities.

[0016] 2. The protective canopy of the present invention can provide all-dimensional protection for electric excavators, workers, and cables. The protective roller shutter uses Mn13 steel plate and neoprene rubber buffer layer to resist flying stones and shock waves from the front. The protective canopy 32 and the protective top plate cover the top and rear, forming a surrounding barrier that can resist the impact of flying stones at 10m / s and attenuate the shock wave energy by 30%-40%, thus effectively providing a protective space for different models of electric excavators. The L-shaped cable tray provides air and ground-level enclosed protection for the cables, preventing damage from flying stones and vehicles. The pedestrian walkway provides an independent safety protection space for workers, completely isolated from the excavator protection space, avoiding accidental risks such as equipment malfunction and landslides.

[0017] 3. The blasting shelter equipment of the present invention features a side support frame that allows for flexible splicing of the crossbeams and columns via mounting sleeves and pins. This allows for adjustment of the frame height to accommodate electric excavators of different tonnages, and replacement of main beams of varying lengths to adjust the corresponding protective width to fit different electric excavator models. The foldable design of the protective canopy facilitates transport in low-ceilinged spaces. The single pier of the fixed support module has a pull-out resistance greater than 50kN, enabling it to withstand strong shock waves and landslide risks on high slopes, and is compatible with various blasting scenarios such as open-pit mines and infrastructure projects. Through these designs, the blasting shelter equipment achieves high adaptability, meeting the protection needs of multiple equipment models and complex scenarios.

[0018] 4. The blasting shelter equipment of the present invention does not require welding for fixing. The crossbeams and columns of the main frame are quickly fitted together by installation sleeves and limited by pins. The main beams and side support frames, as well as the protective mechanism and the main frame, are all bolted together, eliminating the need for on-site welding and reducing reliance on professional welders. Its installation and adjustment are convenient. When installing the fixed support module, it is positioned by the outline of the foundation pit and the wooden pile markings. The levelness of the pier column can be finely adjusted by backfilling with concrete. The main frame can be quickly aligned with the hole positions through long strip-shaped adjustment holes, avoiding installation jams caused by foundation deviations and significantly shortening the deployment time in narrow working areas. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a prefabricated fire-avoidance canopy device suitable for electric excavators, as described in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the protective mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main frame structure of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of the fixed support module according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of an installation and dismantling method for a prefabricated fire-avoidance canopy device suitable for electric excavators, as described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] In all the accompanying drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same technical features, specifically: 1-Fixed support module, including: 11-Pier column, 12-Anchor bar, 13-Embedded steel plate; 2-Main frame, including: 21-Main beam, 22-Side support frame, 221-Crossbeam, 222-Column, 223-Adjusting pad, 224-Fixing bolt; 3- Protective mechanism, including: 31- Protective roller shutter assembly, 311- Roller shutter, 312- Roller shutter motor, 313- Guide rail, 32- Protective canopy, 321- Canopy panel, 322- Hydraulic cylinder, 33- Protective top plate 4-Auxiliary mechanisms, including: 41-Pedestrian walkway, 411-Walkway board, 412-Guardrail, 42-Cable tray, 421-Vertical pipe, 422-Ground pipe, 43-Extendable ladder. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0022] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the present invention provides a prefabricated explosion avoidance device suitable for electric excavators, including a main frame 2, a protective mechanism 3, and an auxiliary mechanism 4; the fixed support module 1 includes a pier 11 and anchor bars 12 located at the bottom of the pier 11; the main frame 2 includes a main beam 21 and side support frames 22 vertically and fixedly connected to both ends of the main beam 21, the bottom of the side support frames 22 being fixed to the top of the pier 11; the protective mechanism 3 includes a protective roller shutter assembly 31, a protective canopy 32, and a protective top plate 33, the protective roller shutter assembly 31 being located at the front end of the main frame 2, and opening the main frame 2 by raising and lowering the roller shutter 311. The system provides either complete enclosure protection or an opening for excavators to enter and exit. The protective canopy 32, located at the rear of the main frame 2, includes a canopy panel 321 and a hydraulic cylinder 322. The hydraulic cylinder 322 raises the canopy panel 321 to protect the top of the excavator. The protective top plate 33 is fixedly mounted on the top of the main frame 2 to protect the area below. The auxiliary mechanism 4 includes a pedestrian walkway 41 and a cable tray 42. The pedestrian walkway 41 is mounted on the main beam 21 to isolate operators from the outside environment. The cable tray 42 is an L-shaped square tube structure, including a vertical pipe 421 and a ground pipe 422, which are connected to protect the cables. This invention's explosion-proof canopy equipment adopts a detachable modular architecture, allowing for independent disassembly and assembly. It is adaptable to different models of electric excavators and complex terrain with high slopes. Assembly can be completed by 3-4 people within 4 hours, achieving multi-dimensional protection of the machine body, cables, and personnel. Accessories can be added and parameters adjusted as needed to adapt to more complex scenarios, highlighting its flexibility, protection, and convenience.

[0023] like Figure 1-3As shown in the embodiment of the invention, the fixed support module 1 is the core anchoring element for the blasting shelter equipment foundation. It is anchored to the ground, providing rigid support for the main frame 2, ensuring the equipment remains stable and unaffected during drilling and blasting operations on high slopes in open-pit mines, and is resistant to impact. The fixed support module 1 includes a pier 11, anchor bars 12, and embedded steel plates 13. The pier 11 is a cuboid structure, formed by casting a steel reinforcement skeleton with high-strength concrete. Two sets of pier 11 are located at the bottom ends of the main frame 2, and their spacing can be adjusted according to the width of the main frame 2. Multiple sets of anchor bars 12 are vertically fixed to the bottom of the pier 11. Their upper ends are welded to the internal steel reinforcement skeleton of the pier 1, and their bottoms are inserted below the bottom of the foundation pit. The pit is then backfilled with low-strength concrete to form the pier-... The anchor bar – a rigid anchoring system for the foundation pit, has a single pier column pull-out resistance ≥50kN, preventing shock waves from pulling the pier column 1 upwards; the pre-embedded steel plate 13 is fixedly installed on the top of the pier column 11, and its bottom plate is welded and fixed to the top of the reinforcing steel skeleton and cast into the pier column 11 to enhance the connection strength; furthermore, the pre-embedded steel plate 13 has multiple through holes, and the bottom of the through holes is provided with a threaded sleeve, which is welded and fixed to the reinforcing steel skeleton and cast into the pier column 11. By using fixing bolts 224, the bottom of the main frame 2 can be fixed to the pier column 11.

[0024] During the installation of the fixed support module 1, the center coordinates of the two concrete piers are confirmed based on the working point of the electric excavator (corresponding to the bottom of the main beam on the side of the main frame 2, with the width of the central body frame 2 being the same). The outline of the piers (usually 800mm×800mm) is marked on the ground, and a control line is marked 50mm outward from the outline. The center of the pier 11 is marked with wooden stakes to ensure subsequent excavation of the foundation pit. The foundation pit is excavated according to the outline marked on the ground. The depth of the foundation pit is ≥500mm, and the width and length are 100mm larger than the outline of the pier 1. After completion, the pier 11 is placed in the center of the foundation pit and pressed down, so that the anchor bar 12 sinks 300mm into the bottom soil layer of the foundation pit. After confirming that the pier 11 is level, concrete is poured. The strength of this concrete is lower than that of the pier 11. After the foundation pit is poured, it is cured to complete the construction of the pull-out concrete layer, which enhances the connection strength and pull-out resistance of the fixed support module 1 with the surrounding soil layer. The center distance and levelness of the pier 11 are then checked to complete the installation of the fixed support module 1.

[0025] When dismantling the fixed support module 1, an electric excavator is used to excavate the foundation pit. After the pull-out concrete layer is excavated, the impact head is replaced and the backfill concrete around the pier 11 is broken. The pier 11 with anchor bars can be completely removed without damaging the components, thus adapting to dynamic migration and achieving reuse.

[0026] The main frame 2 provides an installation foundation for the protective mechanism 3 and auxiliary mechanism 4, and also provides a space for the electric excavator. It includes a main beam 11 and side support frames 22. The main beam 21 is higher than the electric excavator, and its two ends are fixedly connected to the side support frames 22. The side support frames 22 are fixedly mounted on the top of the pier 11. They are square frame structures, including multiple sets of parallel horizontal beams 221 and vertical columns 222 fixedly mounted at both ends of the horizontal beams 221. Furthermore, to facilitate rapid assembly of the side support frames 22, mounting sleeves are fixedly provided at both ends of the horizontal beams 221. The column 222 is made of square steel, and its cross-sectional dimensions are adapted to the inner ring of the mounting sleeve. The mounting sleeve is a square tube structure with a horizontally spaced partition at its center, dividing the sleeve into upper and lower parts. The upper and lower ends of the sleeve are respectively inserted into the column 222, thus quickly assembling the side support frame 22. Furthermore, to prevent the column 222 from detaching from the sleeve due to drilling and blasting vibrations, pin holes are provided at corresponding locations on both the sleeve and the column 222. After the column 222 is inserted into the sleeve for horizontal positioning, the pin holes are aligned, and a pin is inserted for vertical positioning, effectively preventing detachment. To prevent the column 222 from detaching from the sleeve; furthermore, to facilitate the installation and fixation of the main frame 2 to the top of the fixed support module 1, a mounting plate is fixedly provided at the bottom of the side support frame 22. This mounting plate is fixed to the bottom of the column 222 by welding, and has an elongated adjustment hole. Through the elongated adjustment hole, alignment with the threaded sleeve on the fixed support module 1 can be quickly achieved, avoiding misalignment of the upper and lower holes due to the installation error of the fixed support module 1, which would prevent the installation and fixation of the main frame 2. After aligning the elongated adjustment hole with the threaded sleeve, a fixing bolt 224 with the same rod diameter as the width of the elongated adjustment hole is used. The side support frame 22 is pushed to move under the limiting action of the elongated adjustment hole and the screw sleeve, so that the two sets of side support frames 22 are aligned. This facilitates the subsequent installation of the main beam 11 and avoids the difficulty in adjusting the horizontal position of the side support frame 22 due to the installation error of the two sets of fixed support modules 1. Furthermore, the top of the mounting plate is provided with an adjustment pad 223 to adjust the height of the side support frame 22, so as to prevent the uneven height caused by the settlement of the two sets of fixed support modules 1 after installation, which would make it impossible for the top side support frame 22 to be aligned.

[0027] In this embodiment of the invention, during the installation of the main frame 2, columns 222 are inserted into the sleeves at both ends of the crossbeam 221 and locked in place using pins to form an H-shaped frame. Multiple H-shaped frames are spliced ​​together to form a side support frame 22, according to the corresponding electric excavator model, ensuring its height meets design requirements. Adjusting pads 223 are placed on the two sets of fixed support modules 1 to ensure the two sets of side support frames 22 are installed at the same height. The side support frame 22 is then hoisted to the top of the pier column 11, and fixing bolts 224 are used to sequentially pass through the mounting plate and adjusting pad 223. After the steel plate 13 is embedded, it is pre-fixed with the bolt sleeve; push the side support frame 22 so that it can move under the limiting action of the long strip adjustment hole and the fixing bolt 224, so that the two sets of side support frames 22 are aligned, and then tighten the fixing bolt 224 to fix it; after confirming that the center distance of the two sets of side support frames 22 matches the length of the main beam 21, place the two ends of the multiple sets of main beams 21 on the two sets of crossbeams 221 at the corresponding height, and fix them to the beams 221 with bolts. The main beam 21 needs to be higher than the electric excavator to be protected, leaving space for equipment to enter and exit and for protection.

[0028] When disassembling the body frame 2, loosen the connecting bolts between the main beam 21 and the side support frame 22, hoist the main beam 21 to the designated position, unscrew the fixing bolts 224, remove the adjusting pad 223, pull out the pin, and disassemble the crossbeam 221 and the column 222; classify and store the disassembled main beam 21, side support frame 22 and other components to avoid damage or loss of components.

[0029] The main frame 2 of this invention adopts modular assembly, which is efficient and convenient to assemble and disassemble. The side support frame 22 adopts a split design of crossbeam 221, column 222 and mounting sleeve. The crossbeam 221 can be quickly fitted into the column 222 through the sleeve, without the need for on-site welding. The main beam 21 and the side support frame 22 can be quickly connected / disassembled by bolts. After disassembly, the components are small in size and easy to transport, which is suitable for the relocation needs of dynamic operations on high slopes in open mines. The bottom mounting plate of the side support frame 22 is provided with a long strip-shaped adjustment hole, which can compensate for the horizontal deviation of the fixed support module 1 during installation and avoid misalignment of the holes, which would prevent it from being fixed. It is also equipped with an adjustment pad 223, which can calibrate the height difference between the two sets of side support frames 22 (such as the height inconsistency caused by the settlement of the pier column 1), and can be adapted to the size requirements of different models of electric excavators without the need for customized processing; the side support frame 22 is double fixed by sleeve fitting and pin limit to prevent the column 222 from falling out due to drilling and blasting vibration; the main beam 21 is rigidly connected to the side support frame 22, and the whole is stably anchored by the fixed support module 1 (single pier column pull-out resistance ≥50kN), which can resist the strong shock wave and flying rock impact of drilling and blasting operations on high slopes, and ensure that the structure does not shift or deform.

[0030] In this embodiment of the invention, the protective mechanism 3 is mounted on the main frame 2 to form a closed protective system surrounding the front and rear of the electric excavator, resisting flying rocks and shock waves during drilling and blasting operations, while also taking into account the convenience of equipment entry and exit and environmental adaptability; the protective mechanism 3 includes a protective roller shutter assembly 31 and a protective canopy 32.

[0031] The protective roller blind assembly 31 is located on the front side of the main frame 2 and includes a roller blind 311, a roller blind motor 312, and a guide groove 313. The roller blind motor 312 is fixed to the top front side of the main frame 2 and is used to raise and lower the roller blind 311. One end of the roller blind 311 is connected to the roller blind motor 312, and the other end is located at the bottom of the main frame 2, providing protection by sealing the front opening of the main frame 2. The roller blind 311 is formed by hinged multiple blades. The blades are made of 6mm thick Mn13 wear-resistant steel plate, with a single blade width of 500mm. The blades are connected by hinges, which ensures the rigidity of the blades (resistant to impact from flying stones at 10m / s without deformation) while also providing flexible bending performance for easy raising and lowering. Preferably... The blades are fixedly provided with a buffer layer, which is supported by a thick neoprene rubber pad. When the shock wave acts on the roller shutter 311, the rubber pad can absorb 30%-40% of the impact energy, reducing the impact of the shock wave on the roller shutter door structure and the internal electric excavator, and extending the service life of the equipment. The guide groove 313 is provided in two sets, which are symmetrically fixed at both ends of the front side of the main frame 2. It supports and limits the two sides of the roller shutter 311. The two sides of the roller shutter 311 are located in the guide groove 313. Under the limiting action of the guide groove 313, it moves up and down in the vertical direction. When it is impacted by the explosive debris, the impact force is transmitted from the guide groove 313 to the main frame 2, preventing the roller shutter 311 from being deflected by the force. When the roller shutter 311 is being raised or lowered, the roller shutter motor 312 is started, causing the roller shutter 311 to descend along the guide groove 313 until the bottom limit switch is triggered, completely closing the front opening of the main frame 2 and forming a protective barrier. When excavation is being carried out, the roller shutter motor 312 is reversed to raise the roller shutter 311. After the top limit switch on the main frame 2 is triggered, the roller shutter operation stops, opening the front opening of the main frame 2. The electric excavator can then enter and exit normally from the front without disassembling the protective structure.

[0032] The protective canopy 32 is located on the rear side of the main frame 2 and includes a canopy panel 321 and a hydraulic cylinder 322. The front end of the canopy panel 321 is hinged to the top of the rear side of the main frame 2, and the rear end is hinged to the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 322. Two sets of hydraulic cylinders 322 are provided, with their bottoms hinged to the rear side of the main frame 2. By extending and retracting the piston rod, the rear end of the canopy panel 321 is rotated upwards, thereby forming a complete top protective surface that covers the rear and part of the side area of ​​the electric excavator. Furthermore, for easy storage, the canopy panel 321 is designed in two sections. The folding design divides the canopy panel 321 into a fixed section and a folding section. The front end of the fixed section is hinged to the rear side of the main frame 2, and the rear end of the folding section is hinged to the hydraulic cylinder 322. The two are hinged in the middle by a hinge. Driven by the hydraulic cylinder 322, the folding section is rotated around the hinge until it is flush with the fixed section, forming a complete top protective surface that covers the rear and part of the side area of ​​the electric excavator. When stored, the folding section rotates downwards to fit against the side column of the main frame 2, reducing the overall height by 1.5-2m, which is convenient for equipment transportation or deployment in low-ceilinged spaces.

[0033] Furthermore, the protective mechanism 3 also includes a protective top plate 33, which is bolted to the top of the main frame 2 to protect the safety of workers below.

[0034] In this embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary mechanism 4 provides specialized protection for workers and power cables, including a pedestrian walkway 41 and a cable tray 42. The pedestrian walkway 41 provides a protective space for workers during blasting operations and avoids interference with the protective space of the electric excavator, achieving separation of personnel and vehicles and preventing accidental operation of the electric excavator from causing injury to personnel in the event of landslides or other accidents. The pedestrian walkway 41 is built on the main beam 21 and includes walkway panels 411 and guardrails 412. The walkway panels 411 are fixedly connected to the main beam 21 with bolts for easy installation and disassembly. 11. Q235 hot-rolled checkered steel plate is used, with anti-slip texture on the top to ensure that personnel do not slip when walking in harsh conditions such as wetness and icing; the guardrail 412 is vertically installed on both sides of the walkway 411, with an overall height of 1.2m, and the bottom is fixed to the walkway 411 with bolts through flanges to effectively prevent personnel from falling accidentally; to facilitate workers to go up and down the pedestrian walkway 41, a telescopic ladder 43 is also provided on the left side of the main frame 2, one end of which overlaps with the end of the pedestrian walkway 41, and the other end is set on the ground. Its length can be adjusted by stretching or shortening the structure to accommodate people of different heights. During installation, the top hook of the telescopic ladder 43 is attached to the overlapping hole at the end of the pedestrian walkway 41. The telescopic ladder 43 is then extended until its bottom is placed on the ground and locked. Workers can then climb the telescopic ladder 43 to the pedestrian walkway 41 for safety protection. The cable tray 42 is used to protect the long-distance power supply cable of the electric excavator. It has an L-shaped structure, including a vertical pipe 421 and a ground pipe 422. The vertical pipe 421 is used to protect the cable laid vertically and is fixed to the right side of the main frame 2 by bolts. The ground pipe 422 is laid on the ground, with one end connected to... The bottom of the vertical pipe 421 is connected, and rubber sealing rings are provided at the connection point and at the inlet and outlet to prevent the cable sheath from being scratched and to effectively prevent dust and rainwater from entering the cable tray, thus protecting the cable insulation layer. Furthermore, the vertical pipe 421 and the ground pipe 422 are made of channel steel, and a U-shaped cover plate is provided at the opening of the channel for sealing. Operators can lay or repair cables by opening the cover plate. Furthermore, the channel steel is provided with a partition plate, which divides the channel steel into two channels, left and right, for laying control cables and power cables respectively, to avoid electromagnetic interference from the power cables affecting the control signals.

[0035] The blasting shelter equipment of the present invention adopts a fully modular and detachable structure. The pier 11 of the fixed support module 1 can be completely excavated and reused. The maximum size of the components after disassembly of the main frame 2, protective mechanism 3, and auxiliary mechanism 4 is less than 3m. Only 3-4 people are needed to complete the assembly or disassembly operation within 4 hours. It does not rely on large hoisting equipment and can be quickly moved with the change of the electric excavator's working position, avoiding the cost waste caused by the abandonment of the original facility.

[0036] The protective canopy of this invention provides comprehensive protection for electric excavators, workers, and cables. The protective roller shutter 31 uses Mn13 steel plate and a neoprene rubber buffer layer to resist flying rocks and shock waves. The protective canopy 32 and protective top plate 33 cover the top and rear, forming a surrounding barrier that can withstand 10m / s flying rock impacts and attenuate 30%-40% of the shock wave energy, effectively providing protective space for different models of electric excavators. The L-shaped cable tray 42 provides enclosed protection for cables in the air and on the ground, preventing damage from flying rocks and vehicles. The pedestrian walkway 41 provides workers with an independent safety protection space, completely isolated from the excavator protection space, avoiding unexpected risks such as equipment malfunction and landslides.

[0037] The blasting shelter equipment of this invention features a side support frame that allows for flexible splicing of the crossbeams and columns via mounting sleeves and pins. This allows for frame height adjustment to accommodate electric excavators of different tonnages, and the replacement of main beams 21 of varying lengths to adjust the corresponding protective width to fit different electric excavator models. The foldable design of the protective canopy facilitates transport in low-ceilinged spaces. The single pier of the fixed support module has a pull-out resistance greater than 50kN, capable of withstanding strong shock waves and landslide risks on high slopes, and is compatible with various blasting scenarios such as open-pit mines and infrastructure projects. Through these designs, the blasting shelter equipment achieves high adaptability, meeting the protection needs of multiple equipment models and complex scenarios.

[0038] The blasting shelter equipment of this invention does not require welding for fixing. The crossbeams and columns of the main frame are quickly fitted together by installation sleeves and limited by pins. The main beams and side support frames, as well as the protective mechanism and the main frame, are all bolted together, eliminating the need for on-site welding and reducing reliance on professional welders. Its installation and adjustment are convenient. When installing the fixed support module, it is positioned by the outline of the foundation pit and the wooden pile markings. The levelness of the pier column can be finely adjusted by backfilling with concrete. The main frame can be quickly aligned with the hole positions through long strip-shaped adjustment holes, avoiding installation jams caused by foundation deviations and significantly shortening the deployment time in narrow working areas.

[0039] like Figure 5 As shown, the present invention also provides a method for installing and dismantling a prefabricated fire-resistant canopy for electric excavators, comprising the following steps: S100: Complete the excavation and positioning of the foundation pit, place the pier column 11 with anchor bars 12 into the foundation pit, adjust the levelness, and then backfill and cure with low-strength concrete; check the center distance and levelness of the pier columns, and complete the installation. S200: Assemble the side support frame 22 according to the required height, and place the two sets of side support frames 22 on the top of the pier column 11 for alignment. After completion, tighten the bolts for fixation; place the two ends of the main beam 21 on the crossbeam 221 of the corresponding height and fix them with bolts. S300: Install the protective roller shutter assembly 31 and the protective canopy 32 on the front and rear sides of the main frame 2 respectively, and test whether they are operating normally; install the protective top plate 33 on the top of the main frame 2; S400: Fix the walkway 411 to the top of the main beam 21 and install guardrails 412 on both sides of it; connect the telescopic ladder 43 to the left side of the pedestrian walkway 41. S500: Fix the vertical pipe 421 to the right side of the main frame 2 and connect it to the ground pipe 422 at the bottom; after completion, lay the cable and seal it with a cover plate; proceed to the next protective operation; S600: After the excavation work is completed, the auxiliary mechanism 4 and the protective mechanism 3 are removed in sequence; S700: Loosen the bolts connecting the main beam 21 and the side support frame 22, and lift the main beam 21 away; unscrew the fixing bolts 224, lift the side support frame 22 away and disassemble it, and separate the crossbeam 221 and column 222 for classification and storage. S800: Use an electric excavator to excavate the foundation pit, break up the backfill concrete, completely remove the pier column 11 with anchor bars 12, and backfill the foundation pit with the original soil. S900: Transfer the disassembled modules to the next protection point for installation.

[0040] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A prefabricated explosion avoidance device suitable for electric excavators, characterized in that, include The fixed support module (1) is fixed in the foundation pit by post-poured concrete, and two sets are provided according to the design distance; the fixed support module (1) includes a pier (11), anchor bars (12) and embedded steel plates (13). The main frame (2) is detachably mounted on top of the fixed support module (1), which includes a main beam (21) and side support frames (22) that are vertically fixed to both ends of the main beam (21); the height of the main beam (21) is higher than that of the electric excavator; The protective mechanism (3) for multi-dimensional protection includes a protective roller shutter assembly (31), a protective canopy (32), and a protective top plate (33) located on the front, rear, and top sides of the main frame (2); the protective roller shutter assembly (31) can completely close or open the opening of the main frame (2) by raising and lowering the roller shutter (311). The auxiliary mechanism (4) that provides special protection for workers and power cables includes a pedestrian trestle (41) and a cable tray (42); the pedestrian trestle (41) is located on the main beam (21) to isolate the workers from the outside; the cable tray (42) is an L-shaped square tube structure, including a vertical tube (421) and a ground tube (422), which are connected to protect the cables.

2. The prefabricated explosion avoidance device for electric excavators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side support frame (22) is a square frame structure, including multiple sets of horizontal beams (221) arranged in parallel, and columns (222) vertically fixed at both ends of the horizontal beams (221).

3. A prefabricated explosion avoidance canopy device suitable for electric excavators according to claim 2, characterized in that, The crossbeam (221) is fixed with mounting sleeves at both ends. The column (222) is made of square steel and its cross-sectional dimensions are compatible with the inner ring of the mounting sleeve. The mounting sleeve is a square tube structure with a partition plate at the center of the tube along the horizontal direction, which divides the sleeve into upper and lower parts. The upper and lower ends of the sleeve are respectively inserted into the column (222) to quickly complete the assembly of the side support frame (22). The sleeve and the column (222) are provided with corresponding pin holes. After the column (222) is inserted into the sleeve for horizontal positioning, the pin holes of the two are aligned, and the pin is inserted to vertically position the column (222) to prevent it from coming out of the sleeve.

4. A prefabricated explosion avoidance device suitable for electric excavators according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The pier (11) is a cuboid structure, formed by casting a steel reinforcement skeleton with high-strength concrete. It has two sets, located at the bottom ends of the main frame (2) respectively. The spacing between the two sets is adjusted according to the width of the main frame (2). The anchor bars (12) have multiple sets and are vertically fixed at the bottom of the pier (11). Their upper ends are welded to the steel reinforcement skeleton inside the pier (11), and their bottoms are inserted below the bottom of the foundation pit. They are then backfilled with low-strength concrete to form a rigid anchoring system of pier-anchor bar-foundation pit. The pre-embedded steel plate (13) is fixed at the top of the pier (11). Its bottom plate is welded to the top of the steel reinforcement skeleton and cast into the pier (11). Multiple through holes are opened on the plate. The bottom of the through holes is provided with a screw sleeve. The screw sleeve is welded to the steel reinforcement skeleton and cast into the pier (11). The bottom of the main frame (2) is fixed to the pier (11) by using fixing bolts (224).

5. A prefabricated explosion avoidance canopy device suitable for electric excavators according to claim 4, characterized in that, The side support frame (22) is fixedly provided with an installation plate at the bottom, which has a long strip adjustment hole. The long strip adjustment hole allows for quick alignment with the screw sleeve on the fixed support module (1). The bottom of the installation plate is also provided with an adjustment pad (223) for adjusting the height of the side support frame (22).

6. A prefabricated explosion avoidance device for electric excavators according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The protective roller shutter assembly (31) includes a roller shutter (311), a roller shutter motor (312), and a guide groove (313). The roller shutter motor (312) is fixedly installed on the top front side of the main frame (2) and is used to raise and lower the roller shutter (311). One end of the roller shutter (311) is connected to the roller shutter motor (312), and the other end is located at the bottom of the main frame (2) to close and protect the front opening of the main frame (2). The guide groove (313) is provided in two sets, which are symmetrically fixed at both ends of the front side of the main frame (2). It supports and limits the roller shutter (311) on both sides. The roller shutter (311) is located in the guide groove (313) on both sides and rises and falls in the vertical direction under the limiting action of the guide groove (313).

7. A prefabricated explosion avoidance device for electric excavators according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The protective canopy (32) includes a canopy plate (321) and a hydraulic cylinder (322). The front end of the canopy plate (321) is hinged to the top of the rear side of the main frame (2), and the rear end is hinged to the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (322). The hydraulic cylinder (322) is provided in two sets, and its bottom is hinged to the rear side of the main frame (2). By extending and retracting the piston rod, the rear end of the canopy plate (321) is rotated upward to form a complete top protective surface, covering the rear and part of the side area of ​​the electric excavator.

8. A prefabricated explosion avoidance device for electric excavators according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The pedestrian walkway (41) includes a walkway panel (411) and a guardrail (412); the walkway panel (411) is fixedly connected to the main beam (21) by bolts; a telescopic ladder (43) is attached to one end of the walkway panel (411), and one end of the telescopic ladder (43) is located on the ground; the guardrail (412) is vertically installed on both sides of the walkway panel (411), with an overall height of 1.2m, and the bottom is fixed to the walkway panel (411) by bolts through a flange.

9. A prefabricated explosion avoidance device for electric excavators according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The cable tray (42) includes a vertical pipe (421) and a ground pipe (422). The vertical pipe (421) is used to protect the cables laid in the vertical direction and is fixed to the right side of the main frame (2) by bolts. The ground pipe (422) is laid on the ground and one end is connected to the bottom of the vertical pipe (421). Rubber sealing rings are provided at the connection and the inlet and outlet of the two.

10. A method for installing and dismantling a prefabricated fire-avoidance canopy for electric excavators, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S100: Complete the excavation and positioning of the foundation pit, place the pier (11) with anchor bars (12) in the foundation pit, adjust the levelness and backfill with low-strength concrete for curing; check the center distance and levelness of the pier, and complete the installation; S200: Assemble the side support frame (22) according to the required height, and place the two sets of side support frames (22) on the top of the pier (11) for alignment. After completion, tighten the bolts for fixation; place the two ends of the main beam (21) on the crossbeam (221) of the corresponding height and fix them with bolts; S300: Install protective roller shutter assembly (31) and protective canopy (32) on the front and rear sides of the main frame (2) respectively, and test whether they are running normally; install protective top plate (33) on the top of the main frame (2). S400: Fix the walkway board (411) to the top of the main beam (21) and install guardrails (412) on both sides of it; attach a telescopic ladder (43) to the left side of the pedestrian walkway (41). S500: Fix the vertical pipe (421) to the right side of the main frame (2) and connect the ground pipe (422) at the bottom; after completion, lay the cable and seal it with a cover plate; proceed with the next protective operation; S600: After the excavation work is completed, the auxiliary mechanism (4) and the protective mechanism (3) are removed in sequence. S700: Loosen the connecting bolts between the main beam (21) and the side support frame (22), and lift the main beam (21) away; unscrew the fixing bolts (224), lift the side support frame (22) away and disassemble it, separating the crossbeam (221) and column (222) for classification and storage; S800: Use an electric excavator to excavate the foundation pit, break up the backfill concrete, completely remove the pier column (11) with anchor bars (12), and backfill the foundation pit with the original soil. S900: Transfer the disassembled modules to the next protection point for installation.

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