Optical power beam splitters, optimization methods, equipment, and software products

Abstract

This application relates to the field of optical signal processing technology, and discloses an optical power beamsplitter, optimization method, device, and program product. The optical power beamsplitter includes: an input waveguide, a first output waveguide, and a second output waveguide; in a first direction, the input waveguide, the first output waveguide, and the second output waveguide have overlapping coupling regions; the curves of the input waveguide, the first output waveguide, and the second output waveguide within the coupling regions are all nonlinear Bezier curves; in the first direction, the ridge width of the first output waveguide is the same as the ridge width of the second output waveguide, and the difference between the ridge width of the first output waveguide and the total waveguide height is within a preset threshold; the ridge width of the input waveguide is less than half the ridge width of the first output waveguide; in a second direction, the heights of the input waveguide, the first output waveguide, and the second output waveguide are all equal to the total waveguide height. This makes the optical power beamsplitter polarization insensitive and reduces its size.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of optical signal processing technology, and in particular to an optical power beam splitter, optimization method, device, and program product. Background Technology

[0002] An optical power beamsplitter is a passive optical device that distributes the energy of an input optical signal to two or more output ports in a specific ratio. It is typically integrated into a chip and affects the overall performance of the chip.

[0003] The design of traditional optical power beam splitters has long been limited by inherent problems such as excessively high polarization-dependent loss and excessively large size, which has become a key bottleneck in improving the performance and density of chips with optical power beam splitters.

[0004] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section above is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of this application, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the disclosed embodiments, a brief summary is given below. This summary is not intended as a general commentary, nor is it intended to identify key / important components or describe the scope of protection of these embodiments, but rather as a prelude to the detailed description that follows.

[0006] This application provides an optical power beam splitter, optimization method, device, and program product to make the optical power beam splitter polarization insensitive and reduce its size.

[0007] This application provides an optical power beamsplitter, comprising: an input waveguide, a first output waveguide, and a second output waveguide; the input waveguide, the first output waveguide, and the second output waveguide are located in the same plane; a portion of the input waveguide is disposed between the first output waveguide and the second output waveguide; in a first direction, the input waveguide, the first output waveguide, and the second output waveguide have overlapping coupling regions; the curves of the input waveguide, the first output waveguide, and the second output waveguide within the coupling regions are all nonlinear Bézier curves; in the first direction, the ridge width of the first output waveguide is the same as the ridge width of the second output waveguide, and the difference between the ridge width of the first output waveguide and the total waveguide height is within a preset threshold; the ridge width of the input waveguide is less than half the ridge width of the first output waveguide; in a second direction, the heights of the input waveguide, the first output waveguide, and the second output waveguide are all equal to the total waveguide height;

[0008] Wherein, the signal transmission direction of the input waveguide is taken as the third direction, the direction perpendicular to the plane is the second direction, and the direction perpendicular to both the third direction and the second direction is the first direction.

[0009] In the above embodiment, by designing the ridge width of the first output waveguide to be the same as that of the second output waveguide, the difference between the ridge width of the first output waveguide and the total height of the waveguide is within a preset threshold. The cross-sectional shapes of the first and second output waveguides are approximately square, and the mode fields are distributed within the approximately square cross-sectional region. This supports highly similar effective refractive indices for the TE (Transverse Electric) mode and the TM (Transverse Magnetic) mode, thus ensuring the consistency of the transmission characteristics of the two polarization states at the physical level, making the optical power beamsplitter polarization insensitive. Simultaneously, by introducing a nonlinear Bessel structure, multiple control points are introduced. This nonlinear geometric design enhances the degree of freedom in controlling the evolution of the TE and TM mode fields, enabling smooth and efficient power conversion even in extremely short coupling regions, thereby significantly reducing the overall size of the optical power beamsplitter. Furthermore, the introduction of the nonlinear Bessel structure also facilitates ensuring extremely low insertion loss in both TE and TM polarization states.

[0010] Furthermore, for each waveguide: the first control point, the second control point, the third control point, and the fourth control point on the waveguide satisfy the expression of a third-order nonlinear Bézier curve; the first control point is the starting endpoint of the waveguide that overlaps with the boundary of the coupling region; the fourth control point overlaps with the boundary of the coupling region but is not the starting endpoint of the waveguide; the second control point and the third control point are located between the first control point and the fourth control point.

[0011] In the above implementation, by introducing a third-order nonlinear Bezier curve as the waveguide shape, the third-order nonlinear Bezier curve is determined by four control points. Compared with a straight waveguide determined by only two control points, it adds two control points to control the waveguide shape, enhances the degree of freedom in regulating the evolution of TE and TM mode fields, and enables smooth and efficient power conversion even in a very short coupling region, thereby facilitating a significant reduction in the overall size of the optical power beam splitter.

[0012] Furthermore, the distance between the first straight line and the second straight line is between 20 micrometers and 200 micrometers; the first straight line is the straight line formed by the first control point of the first output waveguide and the first control point of the second output waveguide; the second straight line is the straight line formed by the fourth control point of the first output waveguide and the fourth control point of the second output waveguide.

[0013] In the above embodiments, the coupling length of the coupling region is negatively correlated with the insertion loss, that is, the longer the coupling length, the smaller the insertion loss. However, when the coupling length exceeds a certain length, the insertion loss will no longer change significantly. By setting the distance between the first straight line and the second straight line to be between 20 micrometers and 200 micrometers, low insertion loss signal transmission can be achieved with a smaller device size.

[0014] Furthermore, the ratio between the first interval and the second interval is the same as the splitting ratio of the optical power beam splitter; the first interval is the vertical distance between the starting point of the first output waveguide and the side of the input waveguide near the first output waveguide; the second interval is the vertical distance between the starting point of the second output waveguide and the side of the input waveguide near the second output waveguide.

[0015] In the above implementation process, in the signal transmission direction, the first output waveguide and the second output waveguide are partially disposed on both sides of the input waveguide to form a coupling region. Therefore, in the vertical direction, there is a first gap between the first output waveguide and the input waveguide in the coupling region, and a second gap between the second output waveguide and the input waveguide. The ratio of the first gap to the second gap can be used to limit the beam splitting ratio when the first output waveguide and the second output waveguide output optical signals. By adjusting the ratio of the two gaps, various beam splitting ratios can be achieved, that is, the optical power beam splitter can achieve any beam splitting ratio to meet the beam splitting requirements of various application scenarios.

[0016] Furthermore, the first output waveguide located in the uncoupled region is composed of a curved waveguide and a straight waveguide, and the curve shape of the curved waveguide satisfies the expression of the S-curve; the second output waveguide is mirror-symmetric to the first output waveguide.

[0017] In the above implementation process, by setting both the first and second output waveguides located in the uncoupled region to the shape of an S-curve, optical isolation can be achieved to prevent crosstalk between the output light of the first and second output waveguides.

[0018] Furthermore, the input waveguide located in the uncoupled region is composed of a straight waveguide.

[0019] Furthermore, the total height of the waveguide is between 700 nanometers and 10 micrometers.

[0020] In the above implementation process, by setting the total waveguide height to be greater than or equal to 700 nanometers, polarization insensitivity can be achieved. Furthermore, setting the total waveguide height to be greater than or equal to 700 nanometers simplifies the etching of the corresponding waveguide structure in the manufacturing process.

[0021] Furthermore, in the second direction, the ridge height of the first output waveguide, the input waveguide, and the second output waveguide is greater than or equal to 0.5 micrometers and less than the total height of the waveguides.

[0022] In the above implementation process, by limiting the ridge height within a reasonable range, it is possible to facilitate the normal operation of the optical power beam splitter.

[0023] This application provides an optimization method for an optical power beamsplitter, comprising: acquiring the aforementioned optical power beamsplitter; adjusting the positions of candidate control points corresponding to a first output waveguide, an input waveguide, and a second output waveguide located within a coupling region; wherein the candidate control points are points on the waveguides within the coupling region that do not overlap with the boundary of the coupling region; adjusting the nonlinear Bezier curves of the first output waveguide, the input waveguide, and the second output waveguide located within the coupling region according to the adjusted candidate control points; recording each adjustment position, and the insertion loss and polarization-dependent loss of the optical power beamsplitter after the adjustment position; determining optimized control points based on the insertion loss and polarization-dependent loss; and forming nonlinear Bezier curves of the first output waveguide, the input waveguide, and the second output waveguide located within the coupling region according to the optimized control points to obtain the optimized optical power beamsplitter.

[0024] In the above implementation process, by adjusting the alternative control points and measuring the insertion loss and polarization-dependent loss of the optical power beam splitter after adjusting the alternative control points, the optimized optical power beam splitter can not only be polarization insensitive and small in size, but also have a small insertion loss and a small polarization-dependent loss.

[0025] Furthermore, the method further includes: adjusting the coupling region to change the length of the coupling region in the signal transmission direction of the input waveguide; and adjusting the positions of the candidate control points corresponding to the first output waveguide, the input waveguide, and the second output waveguide respectively after adjusting the coupling region.

[0026] In the above implementation process, considering that the length of the coupling region affects the insertion loss value, an optical power beam splitter with smaller insertion loss and polarization-dependent loss can be found by adjusting the length of the coupling region.

[0027] This application provides an electronic device, including a processor and a memory. The memory stores computer-executable instructions that can be executed by the processor. The processor executes the computer-executable instructions to implement the above-described method for optimizing an optical power beam splitter.

[0028] This application provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described optimization method for an optical power beam splitter.

[0029] The above general description and the description below are exemplary and illustrative only and are not intended to limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0030] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. These illustrations and drawings do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Elements having the same reference numerals in the drawings are considered similar elements. The drawings do not constitute a limitation of scale, and wherein:

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical power beam splitter provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another optical power beam splitter provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an optical power beam splitter provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an optimization method for an optical power beam splitter provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0036] Figure label:

[0037] 110: Input waveguide; 120: First output waveguide; 130: Second output waveguide; 140: Coupling region; 150: Buried oxide layer; 160: Substrate; 211: Third direction; 212: First direction; 213: Second direction; 310: Processor; 320: Memory; 330: Communication interface; 340: Bus; W1: Ridge width of the first output waveguide; W2: Ridge width of the input waveguide; W3: Ridge width of the second output waveguide; H1: Ridge height; H2: Total waveguide height; H3: Buried oxide layer thickness. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To provide a more detailed understanding of the features and technical content of the embodiments of this application, the implementation of the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the embodiments of this application. In the following technical description, for ease of explanation, several details are used to provide a full understanding of the disclosed embodiments. However, one or more embodiments may still be implemented without these details. In other cases, well-known structures and devices may be simplified in their depiction to simplify the drawings.

[0039] The terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate for the embodiments of this application described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0040] Unless otherwise stated, the term "multiple" means two or more.

[0041] The term "correspondence" can refer to an association or binding relationship. The correspondence between A and B means that there is an association or binding relationship between A and B.

[0042] Optical power beamsplitters, as key passive components for redistributing optical field energy, are widely integrated into optical transmitting and receiving modules. The performance of optical power beamsplitters directly determines the performance baseline of integrated optical modules and is crucial for constructing on-chip optical interconnect backbone networks for complex systems such as high-speed optical communication, lidar, and high-precision biosensing.

[0043] However, for large-scale integration, traditional power beam splitter designs have long been limited by inherent problems such as excessively high polarization-dependent losses and excessively large thermal coupler sizes, which have become key bottlenecks for improving the overall performance and density of chips.

[0044] To collaboratively address the triple goals of low insertion loss, polarization insensitivity, and ultra-compact size, this application employs a synergistic optimization design of polarization-insensitive waveguide structures, such as strip-ridge hybrid waveguides, with nonlinear adiabatic conical structures based on Bezier curves or parabolas. By precisely controlling the mode field evolution process, arbitrary power allocation ratios can be achieved and device size can be significantly reduced without sacrificing bandwidth and process tolerance.

[0045] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 1 and Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the optical power beam splitter provided in an embodiment of this application. The optical power beam splitter may include: an input waveguide 110, a first output waveguide 120, and a second output waveguide 130. A portion of the input waveguide 110 is disposed between the first output waveguide 120 and the second output waveguide 130; that is, the first output waveguide 120 and the second output waveguide 130 are respectively disposed on both sides of the portion of the input waveguide 110, presenting a trident-shaped structure.

[0046] The input waveguide 110, the first output waveguide 120, and the second output waveguide 130 are located in the same plane; the signal transmission direction of the input waveguide 110 is taken as the third direction 211, the direction perpendicular to the plane is taken as the second direction 213, and the direction perpendicular to both the third direction 211 and the second direction 213 is taken as the first direction 212.

[0047] In the first direction, the input waveguide, the first output waveguide, and the second output waveguide have an overlapping coupling region 140. The coupling region 140 may be a portion of the input waveguide 110 adjacent to the two output waveguides.

[0048] The input waveguide 110 is used to transfer the input optical signal to the adjacent first output waveguide 120 and second output waveguide 130 based on the coupling region 140. The first output waveguide 120 is used to output the first optical signal, and the second output waveguide 130 is used to output the second optical signal. That is, based on the principle of adiabatic coupling, the input waveguide 110 can transfer the input optical signal to the two adjacent output waveguides through the coupling region 140, with the first output waveguide 120 outputting the corresponding first optical signal and the second output waveguide 130 outputting the corresponding second optical signal.

[0049] For example, an optical power beam splitter can receive optical signals from various light sources such as lasers and light-emitting diodes and perform beam splitting.

[0050] In some embodiments, the curves of the input waveguide, the first output waveguide, and the second output waveguide located within the coupling region are all nonlinear Bezier curves.

[0051] In one alternative approach, for the input waveguide, the first output waveguide, and the second output waveguide, each waveguide has a first control point, a second control point, a third control point, and a fourth control point, respectively.

[0052] For each waveguide: the first control point is the starting endpoint of the waveguide that overlaps with the boundary of the coupling region; the fourth control point is the point that overlaps with the boundary of the coupling region but is not the starting endpoint of the waveguide; the second and third control points are both located between the first and fourth control points.

[0053] For each waveguide: the first, second, third, and fourth control points on the waveguide satisfy the expression of a third-order nonlinear Bézier curve.

[0054] For example, the distance between the second control point and the first control point is a first preset distance, and the distance between the third control point and the first control point is a second preset distance, where the second preset distance is greater than the first preset distance. For instance, if the distance between the first control point and the fourth control point is L, the second control point can be at L / 3, and the third control point can be at 2L / 3.

[0055] A third-order nonlinear Bézier curve can be formed using the following expression:

[0056]

[0057] in, The value of t can be set by technicians based on experience. B1(t) is a third-order nonlinear Bézier curve formed by the first, second, third, and fourth control points. As the first control point, As the second control point, As the third control point, This is the fourth control point.

[0058] In another alternative approach, each of the input waveguide, the first output waveguide, and the second output waveguide has a first control point, a second control point, and a fourth control point, respectively.

[0059] For each waveguide: the first, second, and fourth control points on the waveguide satisfy the expression of a second-order nonlinear Bézier curve.

[0060] For example, the distance between the first control point and the fourth control point is L, and the second control point can be at L / 2.

[0061] A second-order nonlinear Bézier curve can be formed using the following expression:

[0062]

[0063] in, The value of t can be set by technicians based on experience. B2(t) is a second-order nonlinear Bézier curve formed by the first, second, and fourth control points. As the first control point, As the second control point, This is the fourth control point.

[0064] In another alternative approach, each of the input waveguide, the first output waveguide, and the second output waveguide has a first control point, a second control point, a third control point, a fourth control point, and a fifth control point. In this case, the fifth control point is located between the first control point and the fourth control point.

[0065] For each waveguide: the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth control points on the waveguide satisfy the expression of a fourth-order nonlinear Bézier curve.

[0066] For example, the distance between the first control point and the fourth control point is L, the second control point can be at L / 4, the third control point can be at 2L / 4, and the fifth control point can be at 3L / 4.

[0067] A fourth-order nonlinear Bézier curve can be formed using the following expression:

[0068]

[0069] in, The value of t can be set by technicians based on experience. B3(t) is a fourth-order nonlinear Bézier curve formed by the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth control points. As the first control point, As the second control point, As the third control point, This is the fourth control point. This is the fifth control point.

[0070] Optionally, the distance between the first and second straight lines is between 20 micrometers and 200 micrometers.

[0071] The first straight line is formed by the first control point of the first output waveguide and the first control point of the second output waveguide; the second straight line is formed by the fourth control point of the first output waveguide and the fourth control point of the second output waveguide.

[0072] For example, the distance between the first and second straight lines can be 20 micrometers. The distance between the first and second straight lines can also be 200 micrometers. The distance between the first and second straight lines can also be 100 micrometers. The distance between the first and second straight lines can also be 80 micrometers.

[0073] In some embodiments, the first output waveguide located in the uncoupled region is composed of a curved waveguide and a straight waveguide, and the curve shape of the curved waveguide satisfies the expression of the S-curve; the second output waveguide is mirror-symmetric to the first output waveguide.

[0074] For example, in the third direction, the first output waveguide is composed of a curved waveguide with a nonlinear Bézier curve connected to a curved waveguide with an S-curve curve, and then the curved waveguide with an S-curve curve connected to a straight waveguide. In this case, the vertex of the side of the curved waveguide with the nonlinear Bézier curve not connected to the curved waveguide with the S-curve curve is the starting endpoint.

[0075] The length of the straight waveguide of the first output waveguide depends on the distance between it and the next device, so that the optical signal in the straight waveguide of the first output waveguide can be transmitted to the next device.

[0076] Similarly, in the third direction, the second output waveguide is formed by connecting a curved waveguide with a nonlinear Bézier curve to a curved waveguide with an S-curve shape, and then connecting the curved waveguide with an S-curve shape to a straight waveguide. At this point, the vertex on the side of the curved waveguide with a nonlinear Bézier curve that is not connected to the curved waveguide with an S-curve shape is the starting endpoint.

[0077] The length of the straight waveguide of the second output waveguide depends on the distance between it and the next device, so that the optical signal in the straight waveguide of the second output waveguide can be transmitted to the next device.

[0078] Alternatively, the S-curve can refer to the Euler curve. The S-curve can also be a curve formed by joining two circular arcs.

[0079] For example, a circle with a preset radius is selected, and an arc with a preset radius is taken from that circle. This arc is then connected to its mirror image to form an S-curve.

[0080] The preset radius can be greater than or equal to 500 micrometers. That is, the S-curve can be formed by splicing together the arcs of circles with a radius greater than 500 micrometers. The preset curvature can be set by technicians based on experience.

[0081] In some embodiments, the input waveguide located in the uncoupled region is composed of a straight waveguide.

[0082] The length of the straight waveguide of the input waveguide depends on the distance between it and the previous device, so that the optical signal of the previous device can be transmitted to the straight waveguide of the input waveguide.

[0083] For example, in the third direction, the input waveguide is composed of a straight waveguide connected to a curved waveguide with a non-linear Bézier curve. In this case, the vertex of the side of the curved waveguide with a non-linear Bézier curve that is not connected to the straight waveguide is the starting endpoint.

[0084] In the first direction, the ridge width of the first output waveguide is the same as that of the second output waveguide, and the difference between the ridge width of the first output waveguide and the total waveguide height is within a preset threshold. The ridge width of the input waveguide is less than half the ridge width of the first output waveguide.

[0085] For example, the ridge width of the waveguide can be the width at the widest point of the waveguide in the first direction.

[0086] Optionally, the preset threshold can be set by a technician based on experience so that the cross-sectional shape of the first output waveguide and the second output waveguide is approximately square. The preset threshold is, for example, 1 micrometer or 0.5 micrometers.

[0087] Optionally, the total waveguide height can be between 700 nanometers and 10 micrometers. For example, the total waveguide height can be equal to 700 nanometers. The total waveguide height can also be equal to 800 nanometers. The total waveguide height can also be equal to 3 micrometers. The total waveguide height can also be equal to 10 micrometers.

[0088] Considering that if the total waveguide height is set too small, it would be extremely difficult to manufacture waveguides with nonlinear Bezier curves using related processes, setting the total waveguide height to be greater than 700 nanometers facilitates manufacturing. The maximum value of the total waveguide height can be determined by the top silicon thickness achievable with current SOI (silicon-on-silicon) technology.

[0089] In the second direction, the heights of the input waveguide, the first output waveguide, and the second output waveguide are all equal to the total waveguide height.

[0090] In the second direction, the ridge heights of the first output waveguide, input waveguide, and second output waveguide are greater than or equal to 0.5 micrometers and less than the total waveguide height. For example: the ridge heights of the first output waveguide, input waveguide, and second output waveguide can all be set to 0.5 micrometers. The ridge heights of the first output waveguide, input waveguide, and second output waveguide can all be set to 0.8 micrometers. The ridge heights of the first output waveguide, input waveguide, and second output waveguide can all be set to 6 micrometers. The ridge heights of the first output waveguide, input waveguide, and second output waveguide can be less than half the total waveguide height.

[0091] For example, when the total waveguide height is 9.5 micrometers, the ridge height of the first output waveguide, the input waveguide, and the second output waveguide can be 5 micrometers.

[0092] Combination Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the optical power beam splitter further includes a substrate 160 and a buried oxide layer 150, with the input waveguide 110, the first output waveguide 120, and the second output waveguide 130 all disposed on the side of the buried oxide layer 150 away from the substrate 160.

[0093] Alternatively, the embedded oxide layer 150 can be made of silicon dioxide.

[0094] Alternatively, the substrate 160 may be made of silicon.

[0095] Optionally, the waveguide is made of lithium carbonate, lithium niobate, silicon nitride, or indium phosphide.

[0096] For example, in the second direction 213, the thickness of the substrate 160 may be 700 micrometers and the thickness of the buried oxide layer 150 may be 0.4 micrometers.

[0097] In some embodiments, the ratio between the first interval and the second interval is the same as the splitting ratio of the optical power beam splitter.

[0098] Optionally, the first interval is the vertical distance between the starting point of the first output waveguide and the side of the input waveguide closest to the first output waveguide; the second interval is the vertical distance between the starting point of the second output waveguide and the side of the input waveguide closest to the second output waveguide.

[0099] For example, the edge of the input waveguide near the first output waveguide can be the edge of the straight waveguide constituting the input waveguide near the first output waveguide. The edge of the input waveguide near the second output waveguide can also be the edge of the straight waveguide constituting the input waveguide near the second output waveguide.

[0100] The ratio between the first and second intervals can be set by technicians according to the expected splitting ratio of the optical power beam splitter.

[0101] For example, the starting point of the waveguide has a tapered profile, and the starting point is the tip of the waveguide.

[0102] For example, in combination Figure 3 As shown, the optical power beam splitter can be provided with a substrate with a thickness of 700 micrometers, and a buried oxide layer with a thickness H3 of 0.4 micrometers is disposed on the substrate. Waveguides are disposed on the buried oxide layer. In a first direction, the ridge width W1 of the first output waveguide is 2.6 micrometers, the ridge width W3 of the second output waveguide is 2.6 micrometers, and the ridge width W2 of the input waveguide is 0.7 micrometers. The ridge height H1 of the first output waveguide, the second output waveguide, and the input waveguide is 1.2 micrometers, and the total waveguide height H2 is 3 micrometers. The nonlinear Bezier curves of the first output waveguide, the second output waveguide, and the input waveguide have a tapered profile at their starting ends.

[0103] As another example, the optical power beam splitter may have a substrate with a thickness of 700 micrometers, on which a buried oxide layer with a thickness of 2 micrometers is disposed. Waveguides are disposed on the buried oxide layer. In a first direction, the ridge width of the first output waveguide is 700 nanometers, the ridge width of the second output waveguide is 700 nanometers, and the ridge width of the input waveguide is 200 nanometers. The ridge height of the first, second, and input waveguides is 500 nanometers, and the total waveguide height is 700 nanometers. The distance between the first and second straight lines is 20 micrometers.

[0104] As another example, the optical power beam splitter may have a substrate with a thickness of 700 micrometers, on which a buried oxide layer with a thickness of 1 micrometer is disposed. Waveguides are disposed on the buried oxide layer. In a first direction, the ridge width of the first output waveguide is 1 micrometer, the ridge width of the second output waveguide is 1 micrometer, and the ridge width of the input waveguide is 300 nanometers. The ridge height of the first, second, and input waveguides is 500 nanometers, and the total waveguide height is 1 micrometer. The distance between the first and second straight lines is 20 micrometers.

[0105] As another example, the optical power beam splitter may have a substrate with a thickness of 700 micrometers, on which a buried oxide layer with a thickness of 500 nanometers is disposed. Waveguides are disposed on the buried oxide layer. In a first direction, the ridge width of the first output waveguide is 4.6 micrometers, the ridge width of the second output waveguide is 4.6 micrometers, and the ridge width of the input waveguide is 2 micrometers. The ridge height of the first, second, and input waveguides is 2 micrometers, and the total waveguide height is 4.5 micrometers. The distance between the first and second straight lines is 200 micrometers.

[0106] As another example, the optical power beam splitter may have a substrate with a thickness of 700 micrometers, on which a buried oxide layer with a thickness of 500 nanometers is disposed. Waveguides are disposed on the buried oxide layer. In a first direction, the ridge width of the first output waveguide is 2.6 micrometers, the ridge width of the second output waveguide is 2.6 micrometers, and the ridge width of the input waveguide is 0.6 micrometers. The ridge height of the first, second, and input waveguides is 1.2 micrometers, and the total waveguide height is 3 micrometers. The distance between the first and second straight lines is 100 micrometers.

[0107] Considering that there are various curve shapes of nonlinear Bézier curves, optical power beam splitters designed with different nonlinear Bézier curves will have different insertion loss values ​​and polarization-dependent losses. Therefore, the curve shape of the nonlinear Bézier curve can be adjusted to make the optical power beam splitter have lower insertion loss values ​​and polarization-dependent losses.

[0108] Combination Figure 4 As shown in the figure, this application provides an optimization method for an optical power beam splitter, including:

[0109] Step S101: Obtain the optical power beam splitter.

[0110] In some embodiments, the optical power beam splitter mentioned above can be used.

[0111] Step S102: For the first output waveguide, input waveguide and second output waveguide located in the coupling region, adjust the positions of the candidate control points corresponding to the first output waveguide, input waveguide and second output waveguide respectively.

[0112] Among them, the alternative control points are the points in the waveguide within the coupling region that do not overlap with the boundary of the coupling region.

[0113] Optionally, if the first output waveguide, input waveguide, and second output waveguide within the coupling region satisfy the expression of a third-order nonlinear Bézier curve, the alternative control point can be one or more of the second and third control points.

[0114] Optionally, if the first output waveguide, input waveguide, and second output waveguide within the coupling region satisfy the expression of a second-order nonlinear Bezier curve, the alternative control point can be the second control point.

[0115] Optionally, if the first output waveguide, input waveguide, and second output waveguide within the coupling region satisfy the expression of a fourth-order nonlinear Bézier curve, the alternative control point can be one or more of the second, third, and fifth control points.

[0116] In some embodiments, the movement range corresponding to each candidate control point can be predetermined. Adjusting the positions of the candidate control points corresponding to the first output waveguide, input waveguide, and second output waveguide can be achieved by moving the candidate control points within the movement range corresponding to each candidate control point.

[0117] Optionally, the first direction is taken as the Y-axis, and the third direction as the X-axis. The movement range includes both the Y-axis range and the X-axis range. Determining the movement range of each candidate control point can be achieved by: obtaining the x-coordinate and y-coordinate of the candidate control point; adding a first preset threshold to the y-coordinate in the Y-axis direction as the maximum value of the Y-axis range, and subtracting the first preset threshold from the y-coordinate in the Y-axis direction as the minimum value of the Y-axis range. In the X-axis direction, the X-coordinate of the control point adjacent to the left of the candidate control point is taken as the minimum value of the X-axis range, and the X-coordinate of the control point adjacent to the right of the candidate control point is taken as the maximum value of the X-axis range.

[0118] In this context, the control point adjacent to the left of the candidate control point refers to a control point located on the same waveguide as the candidate control point. The control point adjacent to the right of the candidate control point refers to a control point located on the same waveguide as the candidate control point.

[0119] For example, assume that the first output waveguide, input waveguide, and second output waveguide within the coupling region satisfy the expression of a third-order nonlinear Bézier curve, and the candidate control points are the second control point and the third control point. The first control point and the fourth control point are both located in the X-axis direction, and the distance between the first control point and the fourth control point is L. The second control point is located at L / 3, and the third control point is located at 2L / 3.

[0120] With the first control point as the origin, the initial coordinates of the second control point are (L / 3, 0). The coordinate change of the second control point can then be set to (dx1, dy1). Here, dx1 ranges from (0, L2 / 3), and dy1 ranges from (-0.5, 0.5). dx1 represents the range of the second control point's x-coordinate change, and dy1 represents the range of the second control point's y-coordinate change.

[0121] The initial coordinates of the third control point are (L2 / 3, 0). The coordinate change of the second control point can then be set to (dx2, dy2). Here, dx2 ranges from (L / 3, L), and dy2 ranges from (-0.5, 0.5). dx2 represents the range of the third control point's x-coordinate change, and dy2 represents the range of the third control point's y-coordinate change.

[0122] Step S103: Adjust the nonlinear Bezier curves of the first output waveguide, input waveguide and second output waveguide located in the coupling region according to the adjusted alternative control points.

[0123] For example, step S103 may be: substituting the coordinates of the adjusted candidate control points into the expression of the nonlinear Bézier curve to obtain the adjusted nonlinear Bézier curve.

[0124] Step S104: Record the position adjustment each time, as well as the insertion loss and polarization-dependent loss of the optical power beam splitter after the position adjustment.

[0125] For example, in a preset simulation system, the optical power beam splitter after adjusting the nonlinear Bezier curve can be simulated to obtain the insertion loss and polarization-dependent loss of the optical power beam splitter.

[0126] Step S105: Determine the optimal control point based on the insertion loss value and polarization-dependent loss.

[0127] In some embodiments, step S105 may be: taking a set of candidate control points corresponding to an optical power beam splitter with an insertion loss value lower than a first preset threshold and a polarization dependence loss lower than a second preset threshold as a set of optimized control points.

[0128] Correspondingly, each set of optimized control points can yield an optical power beam splitter that meets the expectations of the technicians.

[0129] Here, the set of candidate control points is the collection of all candidate control points for forming the optical power beam splitter's nonlinear Bézier curves. To facilitate the subsequent reconstruction of each nonlinear Bézier curve, candidate control points can be recorded sequentially for each waveguide according to a preset direction.

[0130] Optionally, both the first preset threshold and the second preset threshold can be set by technicians based on experience.

[0131] For example, assuming that the first output waveguide, input waveguide, and second output waveguide within the coupling region satisfy the expression of a third-order nonlinear Bézier curve, the first output waveguide will have two candidate control points, the input waveguide will also have two candidate control points, and the second output waveguide will also have two candidate control points. After adjusting one of the candidate control points of the first output waveguide, substituting the coordinates of the adjusted candidate control point into the expression of the nonlinear Bézier curve yields the adjusted nonlinear Bézier curve. The positions of the six candidate control points are recorded at this point; these recorded positions represent a set of candidate control points for the optical power beamsplitter. In a pre-defined simulation software, the optical power beamsplitter after adjusting the nonlinear Bézier curve can be simulated to obtain the insertion loss and polarization-dependent loss of the optical power beamsplitter corresponding to this set of candidate control points.

[0132] Step S106: According to the optimized control points, form nonlinear Bezier curves of the first output waveguide, input waveguide and second output waveguide located in the coupling region to obtain the optimized optical power beam splitter.

[0133] In some embodiments, the optimization method for the optical power beam splitter further includes: adjusting the coupling region to change the length of the coupling region in the signal transmission direction of the input waveguide; and adjusting the positions of the candidate control points corresponding to the first output waveguide, the input waveguide, and the second output waveguide respectively after adjusting the coupling region.

[0134] For example, the above-described optimization method for optical power beamsplitters can be applied to an optical power beamsplitter simulation system. An optical power beamsplitter model identical to the one described above is obtained by setting up a simulation system within the system. Candidate control points are adjusted for this model, and the simulation system then simulates the adjusted model to obtain its insertion loss and polarization-dependent loss. This leads to the optimized optical power beamsplitter model.

[0135] Optionally, the optical power beam splitter provided in this application embodiment can be installed in various types of devices, such as optical sensing and measurement devices, laser devices, optical communication and information processing devices, imaging and display devices, etc.

[0136] Combination Figure 5As shown, this application embodiment provides an electronic device including a processor 310 and a memory 320. Optionally, the electronic device may further include a communication interface 330 and a bus 340. The processor 310, communication interface 330, and memory 320 can communicate with each other via the bus 340. The communication interface 330 can be used for information transmission. The processor 310 can call logical instructions in the memory 320 to execute the optimization method of the optical power beam splitter described in the above embodiment.

[0137] Furthermore, the logic instructions in the aforementioned memory 320 can be implemented as software functional units and, when sold or used as independent products, can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.

[0138] The memory 320, as a computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store software programs and computer-executable programs, such as program instructions / modules corresponding to the methods in the embodiments of this application. The processor 310 executes functional applications and data processing by running the program instructions / modules stored in the memory 320, that is, it implements the optimization method of the optical power beam splitter in the above embodiments.

[0139] The memory 320 may include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system and applications required for at least one function; the data storage area may store data created based on the use of the terminal device. Furthermore, the memory 320 may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory.

[0140] Among them, electronic devices can be computers or servers, etc.

[0141] This application provides a storage medium storing computer-executable instructions configured to execute the optimization method for the aforementioned optical power beam splitter.

[0142] This application provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program stored on a storage medium. The computer program includes program instructions, which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the above-described optimization method for an optical power beam splitter.

[0143] The aforementioned computer-readable storage medium may be a transient computer-readable storage medium or a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.

[0144] The technical solutions of this application embodiment can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes one or more instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in this application embodiment. The aforementioned storage medium can be a non-transitory storage medium, including various media capable of storing program code such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory, random access memory, magnetic disks, or optical disks, or it can be a transient storage medium.

[0145] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed.

[0146] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Furthermore, the above embodiments can be combined with each other to form new embodiments without conflict.

Claims

1. An optical power beam splitter, characterized in that, The optical power beam splitter includes: an input waveguide, a first output waveguide, and a second output waveguide; the input waveguide, the first output waveguide, and the second output waveguide are located in the same plane. The input waveguide portion is disposed between the first output waveguide and the second output waveguide; in a first direction, the input waveguide, the first output waveguide, and the second output waveguide have overlapping coupling regions; the curves of the input waveguide, the first output waveguide, and the second output waveguide located within the coupling regions are all nonlinear Bezier curves; In the first direction, the ridge width of the first output waveguide is the same as that of the second output waveguide, and the difference between the ridge width of the first output waveguide and the total height of the waveguide is within a preset threshold; the ridge width of the input waveguide is less than half of the ridge width of the first output waveguide. In the second direction, the heights of the input waveguide, the first output waveguide, and the second output waveguide are all equal to the total height of the waveguides; Wherein, the signal transmission direction of the input waveguide is taken as the third direction, the direction perpendicular to the plane is the second direction, and the direction perpendicular to both the third direction and the second direction is the first direction.

2. The optical power beam splitter according to claim 1, characterized in that, For each waveguide: the first, second, third, and fourth control points on the waveguide satisfy the expression of a third-order nonlinear Bézier curve; The first control point is the starting endpoint of the waveguide that overlaps with the boundary of the coupling region; The fourth control point overlaps with the boundary of the coupling region and is not the starting endpoint of the waveguide; the second control point and the third control point are located between the first control point and the fourth control point.

3. The optical power beam splitter according to claim 2, characterized in that, The distance between the first straight line and the second straight line is between 20 micrometers and 200 micrometers; the first straight line is the straight line formed by the first control point of the first output waveguide and the first control point of the second output waveguide; the second straight line is the straight line formed by the fourth control point of the first output waveguide and the fourth control point of the second output waveguide.

4. The optical power beam splitter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio between the first interval and the second interval is the same as the splitting ratio of the optical power beam splitter; the first interval is the vertical distance between the starting point of the first output waveguide and the side of the input waveguide near the first output waveguide; the second interval is the vertical distance between the starting point of the second output waveguide and the side of the input waveguide near the second output waveguide.

5. The optical power beam splitter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first output waveguide located in the uncoupled region is composed of a curved waveguide and a straight waveguide, and the curve shape of the curved waveguide satisfies the expression of the S-curve; the second output waveguide is mirror-symmetric to the first output waveguide.

6. The optical power beam splitter according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The input waveguide located in the uncoupled region is composed of a straight waveguide.

7. The optical power beam splitter according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The total height of the waveguide is between 700 nanometers and 10 micrometers.

8. The optical power beam splitter according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, In the second direction, the ridge height of the first output waveguide, the input waveguide, and the second output waveguide is greater than or equal to 0.5 micrometers and less than the total height of the waveguides.

9. An optimization method for an optical power beam splitter, characterized in that, include: Obtain the optical power beam splitter according to any one of claims 1 to 8; For the first output waveguide, input waveguide, and second output waveguide located within the coupling region, adjust the positions of the candidate control points corresponding to the first output waveguide, input waveguide, and second output waveguide respectively; the candidate control points are points on the waveguides within the coupling region that do not overlap with the boundary of the coupling region. Adjust the nonlinear Bezier curves of the first output waveguide, the input waveguide, and the second output waveguide located within the coupling region according to the adjusted alternative control points; Record each adjustment position, as well as the insertion loss and polarization-dependent loss of the optical power beam splitter after the adjustment position; The optimal control point is determined based on the insertion loss value and the polarization-dependent loss. The optimized optical power beam splitter is obtained by forming nonlinear Bezier curves of the first output waveguide, the input waveguide, and the second output waveguide located within the coupling region according to the optimized control points.

10. The optimization method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The method further includes: Adjust the coupling region to change the length of the coupling region in the signal transmission direction of the input waveguide; For the first output waveguide, the input waveguide, and the second output waveguide after adjusting the coupling region, adjust the positions of the candidate control points corresponding to the first output waveguide, the input waveguide, and the second output waveguide, respectively.

11. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing computer-executable instructions that can be executed by the processor, the processor executing the computer-executable instructions to implement the optimization method of the optical power beam splitter according to any one of claims 9 or 10.

12. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the optimization method for the optical power beam splitter according to any one of claims 9 or 10.

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