Optical computing chip

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides an optical computing chip, and relates to the technical field of optics and the technical field of optical computing. The optical calculation chip comprises an angular momentum generating device used for generating a plurality of angular momentum light beams with different topological charges, and the angular momentum light beams comprise a spin angular momentum light beam and an orbital angular momentum light beam; and the first metasurface device is used for converting the angular momentum light beam into a vector focusing light beam and realizing regulation and control of three components of an electric field and spatial intensity distribution thereof. According to the optical calculation chip provided by the embodiment of the invention, a plurality of different angular momentum light beams are generated through the angular momentum generation device, so that multi-channel parallel logic operation, additive calculation and machine learning reasoning are realized through a combination mode of angular momentum multiplexing, polarization multiplexing and / or wavelength multiplexing; therefore, the optical calculation process can be suitable for more complex logic processing, that is, higher-density logic processing is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the fields of optical technology and optical computing technology, and in particular to an optical computing chip. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, metasurfaces, as two-dimensional metamaterials composed of artificial subwavelength structural units, have become an important approach to realizing ultrathin, integrated optical devices due to their flexible control over the multidimensional degrees of freedom of the optical field. Based on metasurfaces, researchers have been able to realize a variety of functional devices, such as the generation and control of vector vortex beams, and have made significant progress in optical coding and encryption.

[0003] Existing metasurface-based vector vortex beam encoders still have limitations: they have not yet achieved compact structural integration for multidimensional optical field manipulation, especially in terms of high-capacity multiplexing, parallel logic operations, and multi-channel optical computing using angular momentum degrees of freedom. Although some studies have proposed optical coding devices that utilize metasurfaces to achieve polarization multiplexing, OAM multiplexing, and wavelength multiplexing, their integration, parallel processing capabilities, and application potential in high-dimensional optical computing and information security encryption have not yet been fully explored.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a first metasurface device with high channel expansion capability that can combine vector-focused beams to achieve angular momentum reuse, in order to meet the cutting-edge needs of optical computing and information processing.

[0005] It should be noted that the above content is not necessarily prior art, nor is it intended to limit the scope of patent protection of this application. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides an optical computing chip to solve or alleviate one or more of the technical problems mentioned above.

[0007] This application provides an optical computing chip, which includes: An angular momentum generating device is used to generate multiple angular momentum beams with different topological charges, including spin angular momentum beams and orbital angular momentum beams. The first metasurface device is used to convert an angular momentum beam into a vector-focused beam and to control the three components of the electric field and their spatial intensity distribution.

[0008] In one embodiment, the angular momentum generating device includes one or more of a second metasurface device, an S-wave plate, and a wafer.

[0009] In one embodiment, the first metasurface device includes a substrate and a nanostructure array composed of multiple nanopillars; each nanopillar is set according to a corresponding target geometric dimension and target rotation angle; wherein the target geometric dimension corresponds to the propagation phase of the vector Bessel beam, and the target rotation angle corresponds to the geometric phase of the vector Bessel beam.

[0010] In one embodiment, the nanopillar includes at least one of a cuboid structure, an elliptical cylinder structure, and other structures having anisotropic phase response.

[0011] In one embodiment, the vector-focused beam includes a vector Bessel beam, a Gaussian beam, and a vector self-accelerating Bessel beam.

[0012] In one implementation, the vector-focused beam is directed at any point on a higher-order Poincaré sphere. It can be expressed by formula (1): (1) in, Indicates a right-handed focused beam. Indicates a left-handed focused beam; l Cos( ) is the topological charge number; α / 2) represents the amplitude weight of a left-handed circularly polarized beam, sin( α / 2) represents the amplitude weight of a right-handed circularly polarized beam; β Let α represent the phase difference between a left-handed and a right-handed circularly polarized beam, and α represent the weighted contribution of the polarization state, where α ∈ [0, π]. β ∈[0, 2π]. In one implementation, the vector Bessel beam travels a certain distance. z When = 0, the phase distribution satisfies formula (2): (2) Where, λ d For the design wavelength, (x,y) are two-dimensional coordinates, and NA is the numerical aperture of the vector-focused beam.

[0013] In one implementation, the Gaussian beam travels a certain distance. z The phase distribution at = 0 satisfies the following formula (3): (3) Where f is the focal length, λ d For the design wavelength.

[0014] In one implementation, the geometric phase distribution of the vector-focused beam satisfies formula (5): (5) Among them, BIN ( ) indicates phase The result after binarization. , where n is the topological charge number. In one implementation, the target rotation angle θ(x,y) = The target geometric dimensions are δx(x,y) = δy(x,y) + D = Where D is a constant, including π.

[0015] The embodiments of this application employing the above-mentioned technical solutions may include the following advantages: The embodiments of this application generate multiple angular momentum beams with different topological charges through an angular momentum generating device, so as to realize multi-channel parallel logic operations, addition calculations and machine learning inferences through a combination of angular momentum multiplexing, polarization multiplexing and / or wavelength multiplexing, making the optical computing process applicable to more complex logic processing, that is, to achieve higher density logic processing. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings exemplify embodiments and form part of the specification, serving together with the textual description to explain exemplary implementations of the embodiments. The illustrated embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and do not limit the scope of the claims. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals refer to similar but not necessarily identical elements.

[0017] Figure 1 The schematic diagram illustrates the structure of an optical computing chip according to an embodiment of this application.

[0018] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the nanopillars is shown. Figure 2 b schematically shows a partial scanning electron microscope image of the first metasurface device. Figure 2 c exemplarily illustrates the phase distribution under incident left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light, respectively; Figure 2 d–f illustrates the structure of a superlens device that generates a self-accelerating vector-like Bessel beam.

[0019] Figure 3 The illustration schematically shows the experimental measurement results of the triaxial electric field intensity components and the normalized intensity distribution of the total field in the x–z plane of a radial Bessel beam according to an embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure 4 The illustration schematically shows the experimental measurement results of the triaxial electric field intensity components and the normalized intensity distribution of the total field of an angular Bessel beam in the x–z plane according to an embodiment of this application.

[0021] Figure 5 The diagram illustrates an embodiment of the present application of an S-wave plate and a metasurface cascade.

[0022] Figure 6 The illustration shows a schematic diagram of an optical system for angle multiplexing (AM) logic operations according to an embodiment of this application.

[0023] Figure 7 The amplitudes of the control signal and input signal of the optical logic gate according to an embodiment of this application are schematically shown.

[0024] Figure 8 The schematic diagram illustrates the initial phase of the control signal and input signal of an optical logic gate according to an embodiment of this application.

[0025] Figure 9 The schematic diagram illustrates experimental results of several different angular momentum multiplexing logic gates according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 10 The diagram illustrates the experimental results of iris classification according to an embodiment of this application.

[0026] Figure 11 The illustration shows a statistical diagram of the number of classification results for three types of irises according to an embodiment of this application.

[0027] Figure 12 The illustration shows a schematic diagram of simulation results for different S-wave plates and metasurface cascades according to an embodiment of this application.

[0028] Figure 13 The schematic diagram illustrates the simulation results of a metasurface device at different wavelengths according to an embodiment of this application.

[0029] Figure 14 The schematic diagram illustrates the simulation results of a metasurface device at different wavelengths according to an embodiment of this application.

[0030] Figure 15 The illustration shows a schematic diagram of the experimental results of a self-accelerating vector-like Bessel beam generated by an S-waveplate and metasurface cascade according to an embodiment of this application.

[0031] Figure 16 The illustration shows a schematic diagram of the experimental results of a self-accelerating vector-like Bessel beam generated by an S-waveplate and metasurface cascade according to an embodiment of this application.

[0032] Figure 17 The illustration shows a schematic diagram of the experimental results of a self-accelerating vector-like Bessel beam generated by an S-waveplate and metasurface cascade according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0034] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0035] In this application, when numerical intervals (i.e., numerical ranges) are involved, unless otherwise specified, the distribution of selectable numerical values ​​within the numerical interval is considered continuous, and includes the two endpoints of the numerical interval (i.e., the minimum and maximum values), as well as every numerical value between these two endpoints. Unless otherwise specified, when a numerical interval refers only to integers within that numerical interval, it includes the two endpoint integers of the numerical range, as well as every integer between the two endpoints, which is equivalent to directly listing every integer. When multiple numerical ranges are provided to describe features or characteristics, these numerical ranges can be merged. In other words, unless otherwise specified, the numerical ranges disclosed in this application should be understood to include any and all subranges included therein. The "numerical value" in the numerical interval can be any quantitative value, such as a number, percentage, ratio, etc. The term "numerical interval" can be broadly included to include percentage intervals, ratio intervals, proportion intervals, etc.

[0036] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application by those skilled in the art, the relevant technologies are described below: Metasurface devices, as a novel type of artificial microstructure material composed of subwavelength-scale nanostructure arrays, can precisely control optical fields. They provide a solid physical foundation for achieving efficient optical field modulation and multidimensional information encoding, and have the potential to become ideal carriers for related optical devices.

[0037] This application provides an optical computing chip, such as... Figure 1As shown, the optical computing chip includes an angular momentum generator 200 and a first metasurface device 100.

[0038] The angular momentum generating device 200 is used to generate multiple angular momentum beams (AM) with different topological charges, including spin angular momentum beams (SAM) and orbital angular momentum beams (OAM).

[0039] The first metasurface device 100 is used to convert the angular momentum beam into a vector-focused beam and to control the three components of the electric field and their spatial intensity distribution. In this embodiment, the angular momentum generator 200 generates multiple angular momentum beams with different topological charges. Through a combination of angular momentum multiplexing, polarization multiplexing, and / or wavelength multiplexing, multi-channel parallel logic operations, addition calculations, and machine learning inference are achieved, making the optical computing process applicable to more complex logic processing, i.e., achieving higher-density logic processing.

[0040] Figure 1 In this context, the multiplexed AM beams include: AM1: s=1, l =0; AM2: s=-1, l =0; AM3: s=1, l =0+exp(iπ); AM4: s=1, l =-1; AM5: s=-1, l =1; AM6: s=-1, l =1+exp(iπ); AM7: s=1, l =-2; AM8: s=-1, l =2; AM9: s=-1, l =2+exp(iπ).

[0041] in l is the orbital angular momentum beam, and s is the spin angular momentum beam.

[0042] In this embodiment, the continuous change in the polarization state of the incident light can provide continuous intensity modulation, serving as a calculation weighting factor; different AM beams can be used for multi-channel parallel processing, thus providing new approaches for tasks such as multi-dimensional optical logic operations, arithmetic addition, and machine learning. Furthermore, through wavelength multiplexing, incoherent superposition of multi-channel optical field intensities can be achieved on the same detection plane, further enhancing information processing capacity.

[0043] In one embodiment, the angular momentum generating device 200 includes one or more of a second metasurface device, an S-wave plate, and a wafer.

[0044] The second metasurface device modulates the phase, amplitude, and polarization properties of light through a nanostructure array composed of multiple nanopillars, belonging to a novel type of optical element. S-wave plates are used to convert the polarization state of light and are an extension of traditional optical elements. Wafers (such as semiconductor wafers) are often used as basic materials in optoelectronic devices, participating in light absorption, emission, or modulation. All three are related to light propagation and manipulation, and in the angular momentum generator 200, they are used to generate angular momentum beams with various topological charges as required.

[0045] For example, the angular momentum generating device 200 can be constructed by selecting two or one second metasurface device. Alternatively, the angular momentum generating device 200 can be constructed by selecting one second metasurface device and one S-plate.

[0046] In one embodiment, the first metasurface device 100 includes a substrate and a nanostructure array composed of multiple nanopillars; each nanopillar is set according to a corresponding target geometric dimension and target rotation angle; wherein the target geometric dimension corresponds to the propagation phase of the vector Bessel beam, and the target rotation angle corresponds to the geometric phase of the vector Bessel beam.

[0047] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of nanopillars is shown. Each nanopillar is configured according to a corresponding target geometry and target rotation angle; that is, multiple nanopillars can have different geometries and rotation angles. The geometry can be length, width, and height, and the rotation angle can be the angle formed with the substrate. For example, Figure 2 In section a, the height of the nanopillar is determined to be H = 752.5 nm, and the length is D. x =378nm, width is D y =180nm, and the spacing between it and the adjacent nanopillars is P=665nm. Figure 2 b schematically shows a partial scanning electron microscope image of the first metasurface device 100 (scale bar 500 nm, diameter of the first metasurface device 100 500 μm). Figure 2 c exemplarily illustrates the phase distribution under left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light incidence, respectively; and schematically illustrates the structure of a superlens device for generating a self-accelerating vector-like Bessel beam (corresponding to...). Figure 2 d–f).

[0048] In one embodiment, the nanopillar includes at least one of a cuboid structure, an elliptical cylinder structure, and other structures having anisotropic phase response.

[0049] In this embodiment, the nanopillar can be either a PB-phase or a geometrically phased pillar, as long as it can generate angular momentum beams at different spatial positions. Exemplarily, it can also be X-shaped, Y-shaped, cross-shaped, etc.

[0050] In one embodiment, the vector-focused beam includes a vector Bessel beam, a Gaussian beam, and a vector self-accelerating Bessel beam. A vector Bessel beam propagates in a straight line, and its beam size (NA) does not change with wavelength. There is no interference when calculating at different wavelengths, and the advantage of wavelength multiplexing is better.

[0051] The vector self-accelerating Bessel beam propagates along a curved trajectory, which allows for convenient placement of the detector 300 at different spatial locations without limiting its placement, making operation simpler.

[0052] In practical applications, any one of the vector-focused beams mentioned above can be selected.

[0053] In one implementation, the vector-focused beam is directed at any point on a higher-order Poincaré sphere. It can be expressed by formula (1): (1) in, Indicates a right-handed focused beam. Indicates a left-handed focused beam; l The topological charge number (which is the topological charge number measured by the vector-focused beam in its three-axis components); cos( α / 2) represents the amplitude weight of a left-handed circularly polarized beam, sin( α / 2) represents the amplitude weight of a right-handed circularly polarized beam; β Let α represent the phase difference between a left-handed and a right-handed circularly polarized beam, and α represent the weighted contribution of the polarization state, where α ∈ [0, π]. β ∈[0, 2π]. In one implementation, the vector Bessel beam travels a certain distance. z When = 0, the phase distribution satisfies formula (2): (2) Where, λ d For the design wavelength, (x,y) are two-dimensional coordinates, and NA is the numerical aperture of the vector-focused beam.

[0054] Based on the target rotation angle and / or target geometry obtained by combining the phase distribution formula with equation (1), the light wave can form a vector Bessel beam after passing through the first metasurface device 100.

[0055] In one implementation, the Gaussian beam travels a certain distance.z The phase distribution at = 0 satisfies the following formula (3): (3) Where f is the focal length, λ d For the design wavelength.

[0056] Based on the phase distribution formula combined with equation (1), the target rotation angle and / or target geometry are obtained, so that the light wave can form a Gaussian beam after passing through the metasurface device.

[0057] In one embodiment, the geometric dimensions of multiple nanopillars in the metasurface device can be set to be the same, i.e., fixed. The rotation angle of the multiple nanopillars is determined based on the geometric phase distribution of a vector-focused Bessel beam. The geometric phase distribution of the vector-focused beam satisfies formula (5): (5) Among them, BIN ( ) indicates phase The result after binarization. , n It is the topology load number (this topology load number is set manually, for example, it can be 0, 1, etc.).

[0058] In one example, such as Figure 5 As shown, the angular momentum multiplexing of light is achieved by cascading an S-wave plate 220 with a second metasurface device 210. Specifically, incident linearly polarized light (horizontally polarized, with zero orbital angular momentum beam, |H>|L = 0) first passes through an S-wave plate (model: VR1-1064, VR2-1064, VR4-1064), where its polarization and orbital angular momentum states are converted into...

[0059] The beam then passes through the first metasurface device 100 and is further modulated.

[0060] This enables the reuse of angular momentum.

[0061] In one implementation, the multiple nanopillars in the metasurface device have different, i.e., non-fixed, geometric dimensions, and correspondingly different rotation angles, to obtain a target vector self-accelerating Bessel-like beam. The corresponding calculation formula can be: target rotation angle. θ ( x , y ) = The target geometry is δ x ( x , y ) = δ y ( x , y ) + D= Where D is a constant, including π.

[0062] In this embodiment, an optical path for angular momentum multiplexing logic operations is further designed based on the first metasurface device 100, such as... Figure 6 As shown, it includes input signals 801, 802, and control signal 803 for logic gates. These signal lights, after passing through a linear polarizer (LP), are incident perpendicularly onto the S-wave plate (angular momentum generator 200) and the first metasurface device 100. In the detection section, this embodiment detects the transverse polarization component (…). E x ²、 E y ²) and longitudinal polarization component ( E z ²) Independent measurements are performed. Specifically, the detection system includes a horizontal detection arm and a vertical detection arm. The horizontal detection arm is equipped with an Olympus objective lens (100×, NA = 0.95), a 200 mm focal length lens barrel, and an S-wave plate (²). m = 1), used to achieve radial-linear polarization conversion microscopy (RLPCM) to observe the longitudinal polarization component; while the vertical detection arm uses a conventional optical microscopy (COM) system to acquire information on the transverse polarization component.

[0063] In this embodiment, the experimental process integrates the input signals and control signals required for logical operations into a single input beam. This is achieved by adjusting the amplitudes of the input and control signals (…). Figure 7 ) and phase ( Figure 8 This allows for different logical operations. When the input signal is "0", no light signal is applied; when the input signal is "1", a light signal is applied. Control signals are used to trigger and control the optical calculation operation; for example, the amplification ratio of the light signal during the calculation is controlled by the control signals. Finally, the result value is determined by the detector 300. The output threshold of the logic gate is set to 0.2. When the output light intensity is greater than 0.2, the output is determined to be "1"; when the output light intensity is less than or equal to 0.2, the output is determined to be "0". Further, two S-wave plates ( m =1 and m =2) Concatenate with the supersurface respectively to realize the logical AND operation: For all input combinations, 0·0=0, 0·1=0, 1·0=0, 1·1=1, the experimental output is consistent with the expected truth table. Figure 9The results of the optical signal calculations performed by AM4, AM5, AM7, and AM8 are shown. The combination of AM4 and AM5 angular momentum is used to perform logic calculations, and the combination of AM7 and AM8 angular momentum is used to perform logic calculations, which verifies the feasibility and reliability of the optical logic gate based on the cascade of S-wave plate and metasurface.

[0064] In the embodiments of this application, Figure 10 This method is used to classify three types of irises (Iris tectorum (Se.), Iris variabilis (Ve.), and Iris virginiana (Vi.)). The four characteristics of irises are encoded as the amplitude and polarization angle of linearly polarized light: amplitude... A 1. A 2. A 3. A 4 corresponds to sepal length (SL), sepal width (SW), petal length (PL), and petal width (PW), with a polarization angle of . β 1. β 2. β 3. β 4. After the four polarized lights are combined into a single composite signal, it is input into the pre-trained metasurface "meta-encryptor," and the output is along... y Axial light intensity is given by the formula I = ( A 1sin β 1+ A 2sin β 2+ A 3sin β 3+ A 4sin β 4) 2 The values ​​are given (angles converted to radians for calculation) and can be normalized. Taking a Virginia iris as an example, the measurements are SL = 5.6 cm, SW = 3.0 cm, PL = 4.5 cm, and PW = 1.5 cm, which are coded as follows: A 1 = 5.6 ( β 1=0°), A 2 = 3.0 ( β 2= 11°) A 3 = 4.5 ( β 3=90°), A 4 = 1.5 ( β (4=90°), the output intensity obtained after passing through the metasurface is within the range determined during training, thus identifying the flower as Virginia iris.

[0065] Figure 11In the above three types of irises, 300 calculations were performed respectively, and the prediction results are shown in the diagram. The mountain iris (Se.) was correctly classified 294 times, the color-changing iris (Ve.) 286 times, and the Virginia iris (Vi.) 300 times, resulting in an accuracy rate of 97.77%. The amplitude can be normalized according to the device's dynamic range to adapt to the actual modulator.

[0066] The optical computing chip provided in this application embodiment is based on the multiplexing of various angular momentum and can be used for complex calculations such as neural networks.

[0067] like Figures 12 to 14 As shown, the optical computing chip provided in this embodiment can simultaneously perform information manipulation on 16 independent polarization channels. Based on this, we estimate that a single meta-encryptor can perform approximately 1.38 × 10⁻⁶ operations. 5 The application utilizes 41 orbital angular momentum beam (OAM) states (topological charge ranging from -20 to +20), 16 polarization states, 3 optical field components, 10 different wavelengths, and 7 logic functions. Compared to existing similar optical digital computing methods, this application improves the logic gate density by nearly two orders of magnitude, achieving a logic gate density of approximately 1.38 × 10⁻⁶. 7 / mm 2 The logic gate density is defined as the number of logic functions that can be implemented per unit area.

[0068] Figures 12 to 14 The diagram shows the light field intensity distribution generated by cascading different S-wave plates with the first metasurface device.

[0069] Figure 12 When the first metasurface device 100 (l = 20, diameter 100 μm) is cascaded with an S-wave plate (m = 0, 10, 20, 30, 40), the three-dimensional component (E) of the vector Bessel beam at z = 30 μm is shown. x ²、E y ² and E z ² Component) Light field intensity distribution.

[0070] like Figure 13 and Figure 14 The figure shows the simulated optical field intensity distribution of a vector Bessel beam at z = 27 μm for a first metasurface device (l = 20, diameter 100 μm) with wavelengths of 925 nm, 950 nm, 975 nm, 1000 nm, 1025 nm, 1050 nm, 1075 nm, 1100 nm, 1125 nm, and 1150 nm. For example, Figures 15 to 17These figures represent the experimentally measured intensity distributions (int.) of the x, y, and z components of a self-accelerating Bessel-like beam at z = 200 μm, generated by the first metasurface device 100 (l = 1) and an S-waveplate (m = 2). The electric field intensity in the x, y, and z axis components is divided into 16 intervals according to the electric field intensity range, each interval corresponding to a number from 0 to 15. Scale bar: 1.5 μm; LP represents linearly polarized light.

[0071] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0072] For ease of description, directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right," "horizontal, vertical, horizontal," and "top, bottom" generally indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are used solely for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application. The directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner or outer contours relative to the components themselves. For example, if a device in the drawings is inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures will subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein are interpreted accordingly.

[0073] Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0074] Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0075] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of this application. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0076] It should also be noted that the terms "one embodiment," "another embodiment," or "embodiment" used in this specification refer to specific features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment, which are included in at least one embodiment described in the general description of this application. The appearance of the same expression in multiple places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with any embodiment, the intention is to suggest that implementing such a feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments also falls within the scope of this application.

[0077] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0078] It should also be noted that the above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and do not limit the scope of patent protection of this application. Any equivalent structural or procedural changes made using the content of this application’s specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the scope of patent protection of this application.

Claims

1. An optical computing chip, characterized in that, The optical computing chip includes: An angular momentum generating device is used to generate multiple angular momentum beams with different topological charges, including spin angular momentum beams and orbital angular momentum beams; The first metasurface device is used to convert the angular momentum beam into a vector-focused beam and to control the three components of the electric field and their spatial intensity distribution.

2. The optical computing chip according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angular momentum generating device includes one or more of a second metasurface device, an S-wave plate, and a wafer.

3. The optical computing chip according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first metasurface device includes a substrate and a nanostructure array composed of multiple nanopillars; each nanopillar is set according to a corresponding target geometric size and target rotation angle; wherein, the target geometric size corresponds to the propagation phase of the vector Bessel beam, and the target rotation angle corresponds to the geometric phase of the vector Bessel beam.

4. The optical computing chip according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nanopillars include at least one of cuboid structures, elliptical cylinder structures, and other structures with anisotropic phase response.

5. The optical computing chip according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vector-focused beam includes a vector Bessel beam, a Gaussian beam, and a vector self-accelerating Bessel-like beam.

6. The optical computing chip according to claim 4, characterized in that, The vector-focused beam at any point on the higher-order Poincaré sphere It can be expressed by formula (1): (1) in, Indicates a right-handed focused beam. Indicates a left-handed focused beam; l Cos( ) is the topological charge number; α / 2) represents the amplitude weight of a left-handed circularly polarized beam, sin( α / 2) represents the amplitude weight of a right-handed circularly polarized beam; β Let α represent the phase difference between a left-handed and a right-handed circularly polarized beam, and α represent the weighted contribution of the polarization state, where α ∈ [0, π]. β ∈[0, 2π].

7. The optical computing chip according to claim 6, characterized in that, The vector Bessel beam has a propagation distance z When = 0, the phase distribution satisfies formula (2): (2) Where, λ d For the design wavelength, (x,y) are two-dimensional coordinates, and NA is the numerical aperture of the vector-focused beam.

8. The optical computing chip according to claim 6, characterized in that, The Gaussian beam has a propagation distance z The phase distribution at = 0 satisfies the following formula (3): (3) Where f is the focal length, λ d For the design wavelength.

9. The optical computing chip according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The geometric phase distribution of the vector-focused beam loaded onto the first metasurface device satisfies formula (5): (5) Among them, BIN ( ) indicates phase The result after binarization of ) , n It is the topological charge number.

10. The optical computing chip according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The target rotation angle θ ( x , y ) = The target geometric dimensions are δ x ( x , y ) = δ y ( x , y ) + D = Where D is a constant, including π.

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