Self-adaptive working condition thermal management system for fuel cell of hybrid vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-adaptive working condition thermal management system for a fuel cell of a hybrid vehicle, which is applied to the field of fuel cell control, predicts a thermal load change trend in a short time in the future by fusing multi-source information such as a vehicle condition, a road condition, a cell stack, an environment and the like, adjusts a thermal management strategy in advance, changes passive response into active intervention, and improves the thermal management efficiency. Compared with an existing passive response mode, the pulse type bipolar plate can effectively avoid rapid rising of thermal load, not only protects the service life of a cell stack, but also can provide stable power output, and compared with a traditional fixed flow channel, the pulse type bipolar plate can achieve dynamic adjustment of the flow channel section within millisecond-level time through the synergistic effect of an electrostriction wire and an electromagnetic layer, and the service life of the pulse type bipolar plate is prolonged. Real-time accurate cooling of the hot spot area is achieved, and response lag and energy waste of a traditional liquid cooling system are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuel cell control, and in particular to an adaptive thermal management system for fuel cells in hybrid vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] Thermal management of fuel cells in hybrid electric vehicles refers to an integrated intelligent control system designed for hybrid electric vehicles that use a fuel cell system as the primary power source and are equipped with a power battery as an auxiliary or buffer energy source. Its core function is to coordinate the heat flow between all heat-generating and heat-consuming units in the vehicle, maximizing the energy utilization efficiency of the entire vehicle while ensuring the safety and performance of all key components.

[0003] For example, the prior art discloses a thermal management system for a fuel cell vehicle and its construction method, which is disclosed in CN120933399A, and an optimized control method for hydrogen fuel cells, which is disclosed in CN119275316A. Both disclose battery thermal management systems and methods that can adapt to vehicle operating conditions.

[0004] However, existing battery thermal management systems only optimize energy distribution and control methods to adapt the fuel cell to the current operating conditions when the fuel cell overheats. This has a management lag and can easily lead the vehicle into a vicious cycle of overheating, power reduction, and sudden performance degradation. Moreover, existing technologies only cool the fuel cell by simply controlling flow and pressure, making it difficult to adaptively cool it according to the differences of individual cells. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The core of this invention lies in predicting the trend of thermal load changes in the near future by fusing information from multiple sources, including vehicle condition, road condition, battery stack, and environment. This allows for proactive adjustments to thermal management strategies, transforming passive response into active intervention to address the lag problem in existing technologies. Simultaneously, distributed temperature monitoring enables precise temperature control for each individual battery cell.

[0006] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0007] An adaptive thermal management system for fuel cells in hybrid vehicles includes a perception layer, an intelligent decision-making layer, an execution layer, and a coordination layer. The perception layer includes a vehicle condition perception module, a road condition perception module, a battery stack perception module, and an environment perception module. The vehicle condition perception module includes a vehicle speed perception unit, a vehicle load perception unit, an accelerator pedal perception unit, and a driving mode perception unit. The road condition perception module is connected to the vehicle navigation system. The battery stack perception module includes an output power perception unit, a temperature perception unit, and a humidity perception unit. The environment perception module includes an air temperature and humidity perception unit, an altitude perception unit, and a weather perception unit connected to the weather system. The intelligent decision-making layer includes a multi-source information fusion module, a battery stack power prediction module, a battery stack thermal management module, and a power distribution module. The multi-source information fusion module is signal-connected to the perception layer, and the battery stack power prediction module is signal-connected to the multi-source information fusion module. The battery stack power prediction module adopts a heat load prediction model based on neural networks or time series analysis, combines historical operating data and real-time multi-source information, and outputs a heat load change curve for a short period of time in the future. The battery stack thermal management module includes a low-temperature start-up preheating unit and a cooling unit. The power distribution module includes a power output control unit that is signal-connected to the fuel cell and the power battery. The execution layer includes an adaptive operating condition adjustment module and a thermal limit protection module that are signal-connected to the battery stack thermal management module; The coordination layer includes a driving strategy coordination module, an air conditioning system coordination module, and a cooling compensation module that is connected to the thermal limit protection module. The adaptive operating condition adjustment module includes a battery stack that is signal-connected to the battery stack sensing module and a radiator body that is signal-connected to the battery stack power prediction module. The battery stack consists of multiple battery cells, and each battery cell consists of a central membrane electrode and two pulsating bipolar plates on both sides. Each pulsating bipolar plate has a lower water inlet and an upper water outlet on its side wall. Multiple lower water inlets and upper water outlets are connected to a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, respectively, and the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are simultaneously connected to the water supply tank of the radiator body.

[0008] Furthermore, the pulsating bipolar plate includes an inner electrode plate in contact with the membrane electrode, an outer electrode plate that is mated and spliced ​​with the inner electrode plate, a groove formed on the inner and outer electrode plates, and a serpentine pulsating tube placed between the two grooves. The inner wall of the outer electrode plate away from the inner electrode plate is fixedly embedded with a distributed temperature optical fiber that is connected to the temperature sensing unit signal.

[0009] Furthermore, the serpentine pulsating tube includes multiple straight tubes and bends, with the straight tubes comprising multiple fixed sections and pulsating sections, and the multiple fixed sections and pulsating sections are arranged alternately.

[0010] Furthermore, the pulsating segment includes an outer pulsating tube and an inner elastic membrane. An electromagnetic layer is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the pulsating tube near the outer side. Multiple equally spaced magnetic layers are slidably connected to the inner wall of the pulsating tube, and an elastic layer is fixedly connected between each magnetic layer and the electromagnetic layer. Multiple sliding layers are slidably connected to the inner wall of the pulsating tube near the elastic membrane, each of which is fixedly connected to one of the multiple magnetic layers. Multiple equally spaced electrostrictive wires are fixedly connected between the sliding layers and the elastic membrane. The distributed temperature optical fiber is signal-connected to the electromagnetic layer and the electrostrictive wires through a microcontroller.

[0011] Preferably, the inlet pipe and outlet pipe are connected to the lower inlet and upper outlet respectively by a flow regulating pipe, which includes an outer fixed pipe, an inner flexible pipe, and a telescopic net filled between the outer fixed pipe and the inner flexible pipe.

[0012] Furthermore, the battery stack sensing module also includes an abnormal temperature identification unit connected to multiple distributed temperature fiber optic signals, and the abnormal temperature identification unit is connected to the telescoping network signal via a microcontroller.

[0013] Optionally, the cooling compensation module includes a cooling compensation box connecting the water inlet pipe and the radiator body. The cooling compensation box includes an outer box, an inner box connected to the water inlet pipe, and multiple arrayed semiconductor cooling chips installed on the side wall of the inner box.

[0014] Furthermore, the heat dissipation surface of the semiconductor cooling chip is located in the cavity between the outer and inner casings, and the cavity is connected to the air conditioning system through pipes.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this invention are: (1) This solution predicts the trend of heat load change in the short term by integrating information from multiple sources such as vehicle condition, road condition, battery stack, and environment, and adjusts the thermal management strategy in advance, changing passive response to active intervention. Compared with the existing passive response method, it can effectively avoid the sharp rise in heat load, not only protecting the battery stack life, but also providing stable power output.

[0016] (2) Compared with traditional fixed flow channels, the pulsating bipolar plate can achieve dynamic adjustment of the flow channel cross section in milliseconds through the synergistic effect of electrostrictive wire and electromagnetic layer, so as to achieve real-time and precise cooling of hot spot areas and avoid the response lag and energy waste of traditional liquid cooling systems. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a system architecture diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the flow regulation principle of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the battery stack and heat sink of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a front view of the battery stack of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional exploded view of the pulsating bipolar plate of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the serpentine pulsating tube of the present invention under three states: constant flow channel cross-section, increased flow channel cross-section, and decreased flow channel cross-section. Figure 7 This is a front cross-sectional view of the flow regulating pipe of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a front sectional view of the cooling compensation box of the present invention.

[0018] Explanation of the labels in the diagram: 1 Battery stack, 101 Inner electrode plate, 1011 Tube groove, 102 Outer electrode plate, 1021 Distributed temperature fiber optic cable, 103 Serpentine pulsating tube, 1031 Straight tube, 1032 Bend, 2 Inlet pipe, 3 Outlet pipe, 4 Flow regulating pipe, 401 Outer fixed tube, 402 Inner flexible tube, 403 Telescopic mesh, 5 Heat sink body, 6 Fixed section, 7 Pulsating tube, 8 Elastic membrane, 9 Electromagnetic layer, 10 Elastic layer, 11 Magnetic layer, 12 Sliding layer, 13 Electrostrictive wire, 14 Cooling compensation box, 1401 Outer box, 1402 Inner box, 1403 Semiconductor cooling chip. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0020] First implementation method: Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 An adaptive thermal management system for fuel cells in hybrid vehicles includes a perception layer, an intelligent decision-making layer, an execution layer, and a coordination layer. The perception layer includes a vehicle condition perception module, a road condition perception module, a battery stack perception module, and an environment perception module. The vehicle condition perception module includes a vehicle speed perception unit, a vehicle load perception unit, an accelerator pedal perception unit, and a driving mode perception unit. The road condition perception module is connected to the vehicle navigation system. The battery stack perception module includes an output power perception unit, a temperature perception unit, and a humidity perception unit. The environment perception module includes an air temperature and humidity perception unit, an altitude perception unit, and a weather perception unit connected to the weather system. During vehicle operation, the perception layer acquires real-time information on vehicle condition, road condition, battery stack, and external environment. The road condition information is provided by the vehicle navigation system and includes road condition information such as continuous uphill / downhill, continuous sharp turns, road congestion, highways, urban roads, and destination mileage. Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2The intelligent decision-making layer includes a multi-source information fusion module, a battery stack power prediction module, a battery stack thermal management module, and a power distribution module. The multi-source information fusion module is signal-connected to the sensing layer, and the battery stack power prediction module is signal-connected to the multi-source information fusion module. The battery stack power prediction module uses a heat load prediction model based on neural networks or time series analysis, combining historical operating data and real-time multi-source information to output a heat load change curve for the next short period. The battery stack thermal management module includes a low-temperature start-up preheating unit and a cooling unit. The power distribution module includes a power output control unit signal-connected to the fuel cell and power battery. The multi-source information fusion module organizes and integrates the various information acquired by the sensing layer. The battery stack power prediction module uses a multi-source information fusion module based on... A heat load prediction model based on neural networks or time series analysis, combined with historical operating data and real-time multi-source information, outputs a heat load change curve for the next short period of time (e.g., a heat load change curve for the next 10 minutes; the specific time can be set according to actual needs and is not limited here). The battery stack thermal management module pre-determines cooling strategies to pre-cool the fuel cell, and the power distribution module pre-determines the power output strategies for the fuel cell and power battery. By combining the above information, the intelligent decision-making layer adjusts the thermal management strategy in advance, enabling the fuel cell to prepare for the operating conditions in the next short period of time. Compared with the existing passive response, it can actively intervene in the fuel cell, effectively preventing the battery stack from falling into a vicious cycle of overheating, power reduction, and sudden performance degradation. Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 The execution layer includes an adaptive operating condition adjustment module and a thermal limit protection module that are connected to the battery stack thermal management module. The execution layer executes the thermal management strategy formulated by the intelligent decision layer. The adaptive operating condition adjustment module cools down the battery stack 1 in advance. If the temperature of the battery stack 1 is too high during the cooling process, the thermal limit protection module protects the battery stack 1 by limiting the output power of the fuel cell. Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 The coordination layer includes a driving strategy coordination module, an air conditioning system coordination module, and a cooling compensation module that is connected to the thermal limit protection module. During the adaptive adjustment of the battery stack 1, when the temperature of the battery stack 1 is at a sustained high temperature or even tends to thermal runaway, the coordination layer assists the battery stack 1 in cooling down by activating various systems of the entire vehicle. When the driving strategy coordination module detects that the battery stack temperature is rising continuously, it sends a request to the vehicle controller to limit rapid acceleration and high-speed driving modes in order to reduce the heat load. The air conditioning system coordination module assists in cooling down by delivering cool air from the cabin to the battery stack 1. The cooling compensation module coordinates by adding cooling measures to the battery stack 1. Please see Figure 3 , Figure 4The adaptive operating condition adjustment module includes a battery stack 1 connected to the battery stack sensing module and a radiator body 5 connected to the battery stack power prediction module. The battery stack 1 consists of multiple battery cells, and each battery cell consists of a central membrane electrode and two pulsating bipolar plates. Each pulsating bipolar plate has a lower water inlet and an upper water outlet on its sidewall. The multiple lower water inlets and upper water outlets are connected to a water inlet pipe 2 and a water outlet pipe 3, respectively. The water inlet pipe 2 and the water outlet pipe 3 are also connected to the water supply tank of the radiator body 5. Cooling water flows through the water inlet pipe 2 and the water outlet pipe 3. The water outlet pipe 3 circulates in the pulsating bipolar plate, and the cooling water carries away the heat of the battery stack 1. The fan on the radiator body 5 cools the cooling water. The battery stack sensing module monitors data such as temperature, humidity, air supply flow rate, and air supply pressure of the battery stack 1. The battery stack power prediction module formulates a thermal management strategy for the short term based on the monitoring data. The adaptive operating condition adjustment module cools the coolant in advance by adjusting the fan speed, coolant supply flow rate, and pressure of the radiator body 5, so that the battery stack 1 can prepare in advance to cope with the operating conditions in the short term. Please see Figure 5 The pulsating bipolar plate includes an inner electrode plate 101 in contact with the membrane electrode, an outer electrode plate 102 connected to the inner electrode plate 101, a groove 1011 formed on the inner electrode plate 101 and the outer electrode plate 102, and a serpentine pulsating tube 103 placed between the two grooves 1011. The inner wall of the outer electrode plate 102 away from the inner electrode plate 101 is fixedly embedded with a distributed temperature optical fiber 1021 (the specific model is selected according to actual needs) that is connected to the temperature sensing unit. The serpentine pulsating tube 103 includes multiple straight tubes 1031 and bent tubes 1032. The straight tubes 1031 include multiple fixed sections 6 and pulsating sections, and the multiple fixed sections 6 and pulsating sections are alternately arranged. The distributed temperature optical fiber 1021 performs global temperature monitoring on each pulsating bipolar plate. When the local temperature is too high, the distributed temperature optical fiber 1021 triggers the pulsating section at this location to increase or decrease the flow channel cross-section, thereby achieving independent and precise flow distribution in high hot spot areas and effectively preventing local overheating. Please see Figure 6The pulsating segment includes an outer pulsating tube 7 and an inner elastic membrane 8. An electromagnetic layer 9 (made of electromagnetic material) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the pulsating tube 7 near its outer side. Multiple equally spaced, circularly distributed magnetic layers 11 are slidably connected to the inner wall of the pulsating tube 7 (the electromagnetic layer 9 generates a repulsive force against the magnetic layer 11 when energized). An elastic layer 10 is fixedly connected between each magnetic layer 11 and the electromagnetic layer 9. Multiple sliding layers 12 are slidably connected to the inner wall of the pulsating tube 7 near the elastic membrane 8, each fixedly connected to one of the magnetic layers 11. Multiple equally spaced electrostrictive filaments 13 (made of electrostrictive material) are fixedly connected between the sliding layers 12 and the elastic membrane 8. A distributed temperature optical fiber 1021 is connected to the electromagnetic layer 9 and the electrostrictive filaments 13 via a microprocessor. When the temperature at a certain point on the pulsating bipolar plate is higher than that at other points, the distributed temperature fiber 1021 triggers the electrostrictive wire 13 on the pulsating section through the microcontroller. After being energized, the electrostrictive wire 13 deforms and contracts, thereby increasing the cross-section of the flow channel. At the same time, the distributed temperature fiber 1021 triggers the electromagnetic layer 9 on the left and right pulsating sections. After being energized, the electromagnetic layer 9 generates a repulsive force on the magnetic layer 11. The magnetic layer 11 contracts inward under the force, thereby reducing the flow channel interface. This achieves dynamic fine-tuning of the flow channel shape. Compared with the existing liquid cooling method that relies on forced convection of fluid, the flow channel shape changes in real time, allowing the coolant distribution to be dynamically reconstructed, thereby achieving precise fine-tuning of the cooling intensity of the overheated area and enhancing the local heat dissipation effect. Compared to traditional fixed flow channels, the pulsating bipolar plate of this invention can achieve dynamic adjustment of the flow channel cross-section within milliseconds through the synergistic effect of electrostrictive wires and electromagnetic layers, thereby achieving real-time and precise cooling of hot spots and avoiding the response lag and energy waste of traditional liquid cooling systems.

[0021] Second implementation method: The first implementation method reconstructs the coolant distribution on a single bipolar plate to achieve precise adjustment in the micro-region, while this implementation method distributes the coolant flow rate across the entire battery stack to achieve macro-adjustment, thus combining with the first implementation method for global adjustment. Please see Figure 7The inlet pipe 2 and outlet pipe 3 are connected to the lower inlet and upper outlet respectively by a flow regulating pipe 4. The flow regulating pipe 4 includes an outer fixed pipe 401, an inner flexible pipe 402, and a telescopic mesh 403 (made of shape memory alloy material) filled between the outer fixed pipe 401 and the inner flexible pipe 402. The battery stack sensing module also includes an abnormal temperature identification unit that is signal-connected to multiple distributed temperature optical fibers 1021. The abnormal temperature identification unit is signal-connected to the telescopic mesh 403 through a microcontroller, and the distributed temperature optical fibers 1021 monitor the temperature of each bipolar plate. While monitoring, the abnormal temperature identification unit first calculates the temperature difference of each distributed temperature fiber 1021. The temperature difference is obtained by subtracting the minimum temperature value from the maximum temperature value monitored by the distributed temperature fiber 1021. Then, the abnormal temperature identification unit identifies the bipolar plate whose temperature difference value is greater than the set threshold. Then, the microcontroller triggers the telescopic mesh 403 on this bipolar plate. After being heated by electricity, the telescopic mesh 403 deforms, thereby increasing the flow channel cross-section inside the flow regulating pipe 4, and thus increasing the coolant inlet and outlet flow of this bipolar plate, thereby effectively improving the cooling effect on bipolar plates with large temperature differences. Please see Figure 3 , Figure 8 The cooling compensation module includes a cooling compensation box 14 connected between the water inlet pipe 2 and the radiator body 5. The cooling compensation box 14 includes an outer box 1401, an inner box 1402 connected to the water inlet pipe 2, and multiple arrayed semiconductor cooling chips 1403 (specific models are selected according to actual needs) installed on the side wall of the inner box 1402. Considering that when vehicles are driving on urban roads, due to the large traffic volume, slow driving speed, and low air convection speed, the cooling effect of the fan of the radiator body 5 alone is not good. Therefore, the cooling compensation box 14 is added to compensate for the cooling of the coolant. Before entering the bipolar plate from the water inlet pipe 2, the coolant flows through the inner box 1402. The cooling generated by the semiconductor cooling chips 1403 further cools the coolant, thereby effectively improving the cooling effect on the battery stack 1. The heat dissipation surface of the semiconductor cooling chip 1403 is located in the cavity between the outer casing 1401 and the inner casing 1402, and the cavity is connected to the air conditioning system through a pipe. The semiconductor cooling chip 1403 dissipates heat while cooling. If this heat is directly discharged, it will be wasted. Therefore, in winter, the heat is introduced into the air conditioning system to provide heating for the cabin, effectively saving energy consumption.

[0022] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention; it encompasses all the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solutions and improved concepts of the present invention, should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel cell adaptive thermal management system for hybrid vehicles, comprising a perception layer, an intelligent decision-making layer, an execution layer, and a coordination layer, characterized in that: The perception layer includes a vehicle condition perception module, a road condition perception module, a battery stack perception module, and an environment perception module. The vehicle condition perception module includes a vehicle speed perception unit, a vehicle load perception unit, an accelerator pedal perception unit, and a driving mode perception unit. The road condition perception module is connected to the vehicle navigation system signal. The battery stack perception module includes an output power perception unit, a temperature perception unit, and a humidity perception unit. The environment perception module includes an air temperature and humidity perception unit, an altitude perception unit, and a weather perception unit connected to the weather system signal. The intelligent decision-making layer includes a multi-source information fusion module, a battery stack power prediction module, a battery stack thermal management module, and a power distribution module. The multi-source information fusion module is signal-connected to the perception layer, and the battery stack power prediction module is signal-connected to the multi-source information fusion module. The battery stack power prediction module adopts a heat load prediction model based on neural networks or time series analysis, combines historical operating data and real-time multi-source information, and outputs a heat load change curve for a short period of time in the future. The battery stack thermal management module includes a low-temperature start-up preheating unit and a cooling unit. The power distribution module includes a power output control unit that is signal-connected to the fuel cell and the power battery. The execution layer includes an adaptive operating condition adjustment module and a thermal limit protection module that are signal-connected to the battery stack thermal management module. The coordination layer includes a driving strategy coordination module, an air conditioning system coordination module, and a cooling compensation module that is signal-connected to the thermal limit protection module. The adaptive operating condition adjustment module includes a battery stack (1) connected to the battery stack sensing module and a radiator body (5) connected to the battery stack power prediction module. The battery stack (1) is composed of multiple battery cells, and each battery cell is composed of a membrane electrode in the middle and pulsating bipolar plates on both sides. Each pulsating bipolar plate has a lower water inlet and an upper water outlet on its side wall. The multiple lower water inlets and upper water outlets are connected to a water inlet pipe (2) and a water outlet pipe (3) respectively. The water inlet pipe (2) and the water outlet pipe (3) are simultaneously connected to the water supply tank of the radiator body (5).

2. The adaptive thermal management system for fuel cells in hybrid vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulsating bipolar plate includes an inner electrode plate (101) in contact with the membrane electrode, an outer electrode plate (102) that is joined and assembled with the inner electrode plate (101), a groove (1011) formed on the inner electrode plate (101) and the outer electrode plate (102), and a serpentine pulsating tube (103) placed between the two grooves (1011). The inner wall of the outer electrode plate (102) away from the inner electrode plate (101) is fixedly embedded with a distributed temperature optical fiber (1021) that is connected to the temperature sensing unit signal.

3. The adaptive thermal management system for fuel cells in hybrid vehicles according to claim 2, characterized in that: The serpentine pulsating tube (103) includes multiple straight tubes (1031) and bent tubes (1032). The straight tube (1031) includes multiple fixed sections (6) and pulsating sections, and the multiple fixed sections (6) and pulsating sections are alternately arranged.

4. The adaptive thermal management system for fuel cells in hybrid vehicles according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pulsating segment includes a pulsating tube (7) on the outer side and an elastic membrane (8) on the inner side. An electromagnetic layer (9) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the pulsating tube (7) near the outer side. Multiple magnetic layers (11) are slidably connected to the inner wall of the pulsating tube (7) and are distributed around it at equal intervals. An elastic layer (10) is fixedly connected between each magnetic layer (11) and the electromagnetic layer (9). Multiple sliding layers (12) are slidably connected to the inner wall of the pulsating tube (7) near the elastic membrane (8) and are fixedly connected to each of the multiple magnetic layers (11). Multiple electrostrictive wires (13) are fixedly connected between the sliding layers (12) and the elastic membrane (8). The distributed temperature optical fiber (1021) is signal-connected to the electromagnetic layer (9) and the electrostrictive wires (13) through a microcontroller.

5. The adaptive thermal management system for fuel cells in hybrid vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inlet pipe (2) and outlet pipe (3) are connected to the lower inlet and upper outlet respectively by a flow regulating pipe (4). The flow regulating pipe (4) includes an outer fixed pipe (401), an inner flexible pipe (402), and a telescopic net (403) filled between the outer fixed pipe (401) and the inner flexible pipe (402).

6. The adaptive thermal management system for fuel cells in hybrid vehicles according to claim 5, characterized in that: The battery stack sensing module also includes an abnormal temperature identification unit that is connected to multiple distributed temperature optical fibers (1021) via signals, and the abnormal temperature identification unit is connected to the telescopic mesh (403) via a microcontroller.

7. The adaptive thermal management system for fuel cells in hybrid vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling compensation module includes a cooling compensation box (14) connected between the water inlet pipe (2) and the radiator body (5). The cooling compensation box (14) includes an outer box (1401), an inner box (1402) connected to the water inlet pipe (2), and multiple arrayed semiconductor cooling chips (1403) installed on the side wall of the inner box (1402).

8. The adaptive thermal management system for fuel cells in hybrid vehicles according to claim 7, characterized in that: The heat dissipation surface of the semiconductor cooling chip (1403) is located in the cavity between the outer casing (1401) and the inner casing (1402), and the cavity is connected to the air conditioning system through a pipe.

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