Battery pack

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery pack, which comprises a battery box body, battery packs and a liquid cooling assembly, the battery box body comprises at least two mutually independently sealed sub-battery cabins, and each battery pack is bonded to the sub-battery cabins and is configured to be capable of switching between series connection and parallel connection; the liquid cooling assembly comprises heat exchange elbows arranged in the sub-battery cabins; projections of the single batteries on the bottom plate are battery projections, projections of the heat exchange bent pipes on the bottom plate are bent pipe projections, the maximum overlapping area of the battery projections and the bent pipe projections is S1cm < 2 >, the minimum overlapping area of the battery projections and the bent pipe projections is S2cm < 2 >, the shortest distance between the two heat exchange bent pipes is Acm, the distance between the bottom surface of the battery pack and the bottom plate is Hcm, and A * H * (S1-S2) is larger than or equal to 6 and smaller than or equal to 625. According to the application, A * H * (S1-S2) is selected in a range of 6-625, so that the problem that the service life of the battery is influenced due to non-uniform charging and discharging working conditions of the single battery can be avoided; and a thermal runaway chain reaction can be avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and more specifically, to a battery pack. Background Technology

[0002] Battery packs are widely used in electric vehicles, power tools, energy storage systems, and other fields. A battery pack typically consists of a battery housing and battery cells housed within the housing. To ensure the output power of the battery pack, it usually contains at least two battery cells.

[0003] The battery pack contains multiple independently sealed sub-compartments, with each battery pack installed within its corresponding compartment. Because each sub-compartment is independently sealed, if a battery pack in one sub-compartment experiences thermal runaway, the high-temperature gases will not seep into other sub-compartments, preventing a chain reaction of thermal runaway and ensuring the continued operation of the remaining battery packs. Taking a vehicle application as an example, if the battery pack does not experience complete thermal runaway, the battery packs that have not yet experienced runaway can still provide power to the vehicle, allowing it to be driven to a safe location and improving vehicle safety.

[0004] Each sub-cell requires a heat exchange component to dissipate heat and cool the battery packs inside. Although adjacent battery packs are located in different sub-cells, their temperatures can still affect each other. When the heat influence between adjacent sub-cells is significant, it can easily trigger a chain reaction of thermal runaway; when the heat influence between adjacent sub-cells is small, it can lead to poor heat dissipation of the battery packs, poor temperature uniformity of the individual battery cells within the sub-cells, and affect battery life.

[0005] Therefore, how to prevent a chain reaction of thermal runaway while ensuring the heat dissipation effect of each individual battery cell is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to provide a battery pack that prevents a chain of thermal runaway while ensuring uniform charging and discharging conditions of each battery cell.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution:

[0008] The first aspect of this application provides a battery pack including a battery housing, a battery pack, and a liquid cooling assembly. The battery housing includes a housing body, the housing body includes a battery compartment, the battery compartment is divided into at least two independent and sealed sub-battery compartments by a first partition, each of the sub-battery compartments is provided with the battery pack, and each of the battery packs is bonded to the bottom plate of the housing body and configured to switch between series and parallel connections.

[0009] The liquid cooling assembly includes heat exchange bends disposed in each of the sub-battery compartments and connected in parallel, the heat exchange bends being disposed between the battery pack and the base plate;

[0010] The projection of each battery cell in the battery pack onto the base plate is the battery projection, and the projection of the heat exchange bend onto the base plate is the bend projection. Each battery projection and each bend projection in a single sub-battery compartment at least partially overlap, and the maximum overlap area between each battery projection and the bend projection is S1cm. 2 The minimum is S2cm 2 The shortest distance between two adjacent heat exchange bends is Acm, and the distance between the bottom surface of the battery pack and the base plate is Hcm, satisfying 6≤A×H×(S1-S2)≤625.

[0011] The battery pack provided in this application has a heat exchange bend in each sub-cell. Each battery pack is bonded to the bottom plate of the main body of the casing to exchange heat with the heat exchange bend located between the battery pack and the bottom plate, thereby reducing the temperature of the battery pack. Furthermore, the heat exchange bends are connected in parallel to ensure that each bend has a similar heat exchange effect. The heat exchange bends enable independent heat dissipation for each sub-cell. Even if adjacent sub-cells experience thermal runaway, abnormal temperature, or heat exchange bend rupture, it is still possible to ensure that one sub-cell can continue to operate normally.

[0012] The battery packs can switch between series and parallel connections. When connected in series, they can output higher power. When connected in parallel, if some battery packs experience thermal runaway or other malfunctions and become unusable, it will not affect the operation of the other battery packs, allowing them to continue supplying power to the electrical equipment. This is especially important when the electrical equipment is an electric vehicle, ensuring a certain amount of operating time and providing more options for drivers and passengers.

[0013] This application selects A×H×(S1-S2) within the range of 6~625, which can make the heat influence between the sub-cells more balanced. This can avoid the problem of excessive temperature difference between the battery cells in the sub-cells due to the above formula being too large, resulting in uneven charging and discharging conditions of the battery cells and affecting battery life. It can also avoid the problem of excessive heat influence between the sub-cells due to the above formula being too small, resulting in thermal runaway chain reaction. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the battery pack disclosed in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the battery pack disclosed in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the battery pack disclosed in the embodiments of this application. Figure 3 ;

[0018] Figure 4 This is a top view of the battery pack disclosed in the embodiments of this application;

[0019] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Sectional view along AA;

[0020] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A magnified view of part B in the image;

[0021] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the battery pack disclosed in an embodiment of this application;

[0022] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the heat exchanger bend and the battery cell disclosed in an embodiment of this application.

[0023] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the heat exchanger bend disclosed in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0024] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the heat exchanger bend disclosed in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ;

[0025] Figure 11 This is a diagram showing the positional relationship of the heat exchange bend within the housing body as disclosed in the embodiments of this application;

[0026] Figure 12 The positional relationship of the battery cells on the base plate as disclosed in the embodiments of this application Figure 1 ;

[0027] Figure 13 This is a cross-sectional view of the heat exchange bend disclosed in an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 14 This is a diagram showing the positional relationship between the heat exchange bend and the battery cell as disclosed in the embodiments of this application;

[0029] Figure 15 This is a diagram showing the positional relationship between the straight section of the heat exchange bend and the battery cell in an embodiment of this application.

[0030] Figure 16 The positional relationship of the battery cells on the base plate as disclosed in the embodiments of this application Figure 2 ;

[0031] Figure 17 This is a diagram showing the positional relationship between the bottom of the battery cell and the heat exchange bend in the embodiments of this application.

[0032] Figure 18 This is a diagram showing the positional relationship of individual battery cells inside the battery casing as disclosed in the embodiments of this application;

[0033] Figure 19 This is a diagram showing the fit between the heat exchanger bend and the base plate as disclosed in an embodiment of this application.

[0034] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid inlet and liquid outlet within the housing body as disclosed in the embodiments of this application;

[0035] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid inlet and liquid outlet outside the housing body as disclosed in the embodiments of this application.

[0036] The meanings of the various reference numerals in the figure are as follows:

[0037] 100 - Container body; 110 - First partition; 120 - Second partition; 130 - Partition compartment; 140 - Sub-battery compartment; 150 - Bottom plate; 151 - Groove;

[0038] 200 - Battery pack; 210 - Individual battery cell; 211 - Window section;

[0039] 300 - Liquid cooling assembly; 310 - Heat exchanger bend; 3101 - Straight edge; 3102 - Bent edge; 3103 - Flow channel area; 311 - Liquid inlet; 312 - Liquid outlet; 313 - Straight section; 314 - Bent section; 320 - Manifold assembly; 321 - Liquid inlet manifold; 3211 - Main liquid inlet; 322 - Liquid outlet manifold; 3221 - Main liquid outlet;

[0040] 400-Battery box cover;

[0041] 500 - Fasteners;

[0042] 600 - Seals;

[0043] 700 - Adhesive layer. Detailed Implementation

[0044] This application discloses a battery pack that prevents cascading thermal runaway while ensuring uniform charging and discharging conditions for each individual battery cell.

[0045] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0046] like Figures 1-7 As shown, current battery packs generally include a battery housing and battery packs 200 housed within the housing. The battery housing includes a housing body 100 and a battery cover 400 mounted on the housing body. With increasing demands for electrical safety in battery packs, the battery housing typically includes at least two independently sealed sub-battery compartments 140, each housing a corresponding battery pack 200. When a battery pack 200 in one sub-battery compartment 140 experiences thermal runaway, because each sub-battery compartment 140 is independently sealed, high-temperature gases will not seep into other sub-battery compartments 140 and affect the battery packs 200 within those compartments.

[0047] The battery pack 200 generates a significant amount of heat during charging and discharging. If the temperature is too high, the chemical reaction rate within the battery accelerates, leading to an increased self-discharge rate, faster capacity decay, and a shortened battery lifespan. Furthermore, excessively high battery temperatures can trigger thermal runaway. Thermal runaway causes a rapid acceleration of internal chemical reactions, generating large amounts of heat and gas, potentially causing the battery to bulge or even explode.

[0048] To control battery temperature, heat exchange components are typically installed. These components effectively remove heat generated by the battery, preventing overheating and thus mitigating the risk of thermal runaway, ensuring battery safety. Furthermore, heat exchange components can regulate temperature, ensuring the battery operates within a suitable range and reducing the negative impact of high temperatures during charging and discharging on battery performance.

[0049] Each sub-cell 140 requires a heat exchange component, which can be connected in parallel to maintain a consistent cooling effect across all sub-cells 140. Although the heat exchange components are located in different sub-cells 140, their cooling capacity will inevitably diffuse to the surrounding areas, affecting the battery packs 200 in adjacent cells. Conversely, the heat from the battery packs 200 within a sub-cell 140 will also be conducted outwards, affecting the battery packs 200 in adjacent cells. When the heat impact between adjacent sub-cells 140 is significant, it can easily trigger a chain reaction of thermal runaway. That is, when a battery pack 200 in one cell experiences thermal runaway, it will rapidly conduct heat to the surrounding sub-cells 140, causing thermal runaway in the battery packs 200 of those surrounding cells. When the heat impact between adjacent sub-cells 140 is small, it can easily lead to poor heat dissipation of the battery packs 200, resulting in poor temperature uniformity of the individual cells within the sub-cells 140 and affecting battery life.

[0050] Based on this, embodiments of this application disclose a battery pack, such as... Figures 2-7 As shown, the battery pack includes a battery housing, a battery pack 200, and a liquid cooling assembly 300. The battery housing includes a housing body 100, which includes a battery compartment. The battery compartment is divided into at least two independently sealed sub-battery compartments 140 by a first partition 110, and each sub-battery compartment 140 contains a battery pack 200. The first partition 110 is fixed to the battery housing cover 400 by fasteners 500, and a sealing element 600 can be provided between the battery housing cover 400 and the first partition 110 to seal the gap between them.

[0051] In this embodiment, the number of sub-battery compartments 140 is determined based on the number of battery packs 200 configured in the battery pack. For example, if there are two sub-battery compartments 140, a first partition 110 can be provided within the battery compartment to divide it into two parts, i.e., two sub-battery compartments 140. For instance, if the number of sub-battery compartments 140 exceeds two, such as n sub-battery compartments 140, n-1 first partitions 110 can be provided within the battery compartment to divide it into n parts, i.e., n sub-battery compartments 140. This embodiment does not limit the number of sub-battery compartments 140. It should be noted that the position of the first partitions 110 and the angular relationship between each first partition 110 are not limited in this embodiment. Those skilled in the art can select the arrangement position and size of each first partition 110 based on design requirements.

[0052] The volume of each sub-battery compartment 140 can be designed to be the same or different according to requirements. Specifically, it can be designed according to the number of battery cells contained in each battery pack 200. The more battery cells contained in the battery pack 200, the larger the battery pack 200, and the larger the volume of the sub-battery compartment 140 that accommodates it should also be.

[0053] The battery box is usually a closed or semi-closed structure made of materials such as metal and plastic. It is the physical carrier of the battery pack 200. Its design and manufacturing must meet the safety, reliability and functionality requirements of the battery pack in different usage scenarios.

[0054] The battery enclosure provides installation space for the battery pack 200, BMS (Battery Management System), liquid cooling components 300, electrical connection components, etc., and fixes these components inside the enclosure body 100 through reasonable structural design, ensuring that they maintain a relatively stable position during battery pack operation and avoiding damage to components or loosening of connections due to vibration, impact or other factors.

[0055] The enclosure body 100 can be cast from materials such as steel plate and aluminum alloy, or it can be made of lightweight materials such as glass fiber reinforced composite material and carbon fiber reinforced composite material. The shape of the enclosure body 100 can be cylindrical, cuboid, cube, etc.

[0056] Preferably, each battery pack 200 is bonded to the base plate 150 of the housing body 100 and is configured to switch between series and parallel connections. Of course, the battery packs 200 can also be fixed to the base plate 150 of the housing body 100 by other fixing methods, such as cable ties or other fasteners. This embodiment does not limit the fixing method of the battery packs 200 on the base plate 150.

[0057] The base plate 150 is the main load-bearing component of the battery pack, usually referring to the structural component located at the bottom of the housing body 100, used to support and fix the battery pack 200, battery management system, liquid cooling component 300 and other components inside the battery pack.

[0058] The base plate 150 is located at the bottom of the frame of the housing body 100. For example, the base plate 150 can be fixed to the bottom of the housing frame by welding, riveting, screwing, etc., or the base plate 150 can be designed as an integral structure with the housing frame. The base plate 150 can be made of high-strength materials such as aluminum alloy, steel, and stainless steel. The base plate 150 can be rectangular, circular, polygonal, or plate-shaped, and its specific shape is not limited. Its size is determined by the number of battery cells contained in the battery pack and the size of the battery cells.

[0059] The liquid cooling assembly 300 includes heat exchange bends 310 disposed in parallel within each sub-battery compartment 140, with the heat exchange bends 310 positioned between the battery pack 200 and the base plate 150. Each heat exchange bend 310 has a liquid cooling flow channel; specifically, the coiled shape of the heat exchange bend 310 can be U-shaped, loop-shaped, serpentine, or S-shaped, etc.

[0060] like Figures 9-11As shown, optionally, the heat exchanger bend 310 also includes a liquid inlet 311 and a liquid outlet 312, both of which are connected to the collector for the inlet and outlet of the heat exchange medium.

[0061] For ease of understanding, the projection of the battery cell 210 of the battery pack 200 onto the base plate 150 is defined as the battery projection, and the projection of the heat exchange bend 310 onto the base plate 150 is defined as the bend projection. Figure 8 As shown, the projections of each battery and the projection of the bend tube overlap at least partially, so that the heat exchange bend tube 310 can exchange heat with the battery cell 210.

[0062] The maximum overlap area between the projection of each battery in a single sub-battery compartment 140 (i.e., the projection of each individual battery cell 210 on the base plate 150) and the projection of the bent tube is S1cm. 2 (It should be noted that cm here and in the following text) 2 (cm is a unit of area, and sq.m. is a unit of length), with the smallest unit being S²cm. 2 .like Figure 8 As shown in the figure, at the angle illustrated, the overlapping area of ​​the battery projection of the upper battery cell 210 and the projection of the bent tube is the minimum area S2cm. 2 The overlapping area of ​​the battery projection of the middle battery cell 210 and the curved tube projection is the maximum area S1cm. 2 The overlapping area of ​​the battery projection of the lower battery cell 210 and the curved tube projection is within the minimum area S2cm. 2 and the maximum area S1cm 2 As will be understood by those skilled in the art, due to the coiled layout of the heat exchanger bend 310, the heat exchange area between the battery cell 210 and the heat exchanger bend 310 at different positions is different, which results in different cooling effects of the heat exchanger bend 310 on different battery cells 210.

[0063] The overlapping area between the battery projection and the bent tube projection reflects the heat exchange effect between the battery cell 210 and the heat exchange bent tube 310. A larger overlapping area indicates a better cooling effect of the heat exchange bent tube 310 on the battery cell 210; conversely, a smaller overlapping area indicates a worse cooling effect of the heat exchange bent tube 310 on the battery cell 210. Within the same battery pack 200, the maximum overlapping area S1cm between the battery projection and the bent tube projection of each battery cell 210 is [not specified]. 2 The smallest overlapping area S2cm 2 The greater the difference (i.e., the value of S1-S2), the worse the temperature uniformity of the individual battery cells 210 within the sub-battery compartment 140; conversely, the smaller the difference, the better the temperature uniformity of the individual battery cells 210 within the sub-battery compartment 140. 2 The smallest overlapping area S2cm 2The smaller the difference between the values ​​of S1 and S2, the better the temperature uniformity of each battery cell 210 within the sub-battery compartment 140.

[0064] like Figure 7 As shown, the shortest distance between two adjacent heat exchanger bends 310 (i.e., heat exchanger bends 310 within two connected sub-battery compartments 140) is Acm. For ease of understanding, two adjacent heat exchanger bends 310 are defined as the first heat exchanger bend and the second heat exchanger bend, respectively. The shortest distance between the first heat exchanger bend and the second heat exchanger bend refers to the distance between the surface of the first heat exchanger bend closest to the second heat exchanger bend and the surface of the second heat exchanger bend closest to the first heat exchanger bend.

[0065] The shortest distance Acm between two adjacent heat exchanger bends 310 reflects the size of the area covered by the heat exchanger bends 310 within the sub-battery compartment 140, thus reflecting the heat dissipation effect of the sub-battery compartment 140. When the shortest distance Acm between two adjacent heat exchanger bends 310 is large, the area covered by the heat exchanger bends 310 within the sub-battery compartment 140 is small, and the heat dissipation effect of the sub-battery compartment 140 is poor; conversely, when the shortest distance Acm between two adjacent heat exchanger bends 310 is small, the area covered by the heat exchanger bends 310 within the sub-battery compartment 140 is large, and the heat dissipation effect of the sub-battery compartment 140 is good.

[0066] The shortest distance Acm between two adjacent heat exchanger bends 310 can also reflect the thermal impact between adjacent sub-battery compartments 140. When the shortest distance Acm between two adjacent heat exchanger bends 310 is large, the heat from the battery pack 200 in the sub-battery compartment 140 will not be quickly transferred to the heat exchanger bend 310 and then conducted to the battery pack 200 in the adjacent sub-battery compartment 140, resulting in a smaller thermal impact between the sub-battery compartments 140. Conversely, when the shortest distance Acm between two adjacent heat exchanger bends 310 is small, the heat from the battery pack 200 in the sub-battery compartment 140 can be quickly transferred to the heat exchanger bend 310 and then conducted to the battery pack 200 in the adjacent sub-battery compartment 140, resulting in a larger thermal impact between the sub-battery compartments 140.

[0067] The shortest distance Acm between two adjacent heat exchanger bends 310 can also reflect the uniformity of the battery cells 210 within the sub-battery compartment 140. When the shortest distance Acm between two adjacent heat exchanger bends 310 is large, the heat exchanger bend 310 closest to the first partition 110 is arranged away from the first partition 110 due to the expansion of Acm. The row of battery cells 210 closest to the first partition 110 cannot be sufficiently cooled, resulting in poor temperature uniformity of the battery cells 210 within the sub-battery compartment 140. Conversely, when the shortest distance Acm between two adjacent heat exchanger bends 310 is small, the heat exchanger bend 310 closest to the first partition 110 is closer to the first partition 110 due to the reduction of Acm. The row of battery cells 210 closest to the first partition 110 can also be sufficiently cooled, resulting in good temperature uniformity of the battery cells 210 within the sub-battery compartment 140.

[0068] The distance between the bottom surface of the battery pack 200 and the base plate 150 is H cm. This distance H cm reflects the heat conduction speed from the battery pack 200 to the base plate 150. When the distance H cm between the bottom surface of the battery pack 200 and the base plate 150 is large, the bottom surface of the battery pack 200 is far from the base plate 150, and the heat from the battery pack 200 is conducted to the base plate 150 slowly, making it difficult to dissipate the heat quickly. Conversely, when the distance H cm between the bottom surface of the battery pack 200 and the base plate 150 is small, the bottom surface of the battery pack 200 is close to the base plate 150, and the heat from the battery pack 200 is conducted to the base plate 150 quickly, allowing the heat from the battery pack 200 to dissipate quickly.

[0069] The distance Hcm between the bottom surface of the battery pack 200 and the base plate 150 can also reflect the thermal impact between adjacent sub-battery compartments 140. When the distance Hcm between the bottom surface of the battery pack 200 and the base plate 150 is large, the temperature of the battery pack 200 is not easily conducted to the base plate 150, and therefore it is not easy to affect the battery pack 200 in the adjacent sub-battery compartment 140 through the base plate 150, so the thermal impact between the sub-battery compartments 140 is small; conversely, when the distance Hcm between the bottom surface of the battery pack 200 and the base plate 150 is small, the temperature of the battery pack 200 is more easily conducted to the base plate 150, and therefore it is more likely to affect the battery pack 200 in the adjacent sub-battery compartment 140 through the base plate 150, so the thermal impact between the sub-battery compartments 140 is large.

[0070] The distance Hcm between the bottom surface of the battery pack 200 and the base plate 150 also reflects the uniformity of the battery cells 210 within the sub-battery compartment 140. When the distance Hcm between the bottom surface of the battery pack 200 and the base plate 150 is large, when a certain battery cell 210 is hot, the heat is difficult to be carried away quickly by the heat exchange bend 310, resulting in a large temperature difference between the battery cells 210 in areas with good heat exchange and areas with poor heat exchange, thus leading to poor temperature uniformity of the battery cells 210 within the sub-battery compartment 140. Conversely, when the distance Hcm between the bottom surface of the battery pack 200 and the base plate 150 is small, the heat of the battery cells 210 is more easily carried away by the heat exchange bend 310, resulting in a smaller temperature difference between the battery cells 210 in areas with good heat exchange and areas with poor heat exchange, thus leading to better temperature uniformity of the battery cells 210 within the sub-battery compartment 140.

[0071] In this embodiment, A×H×(S1-S2) satisfies 6≤A×H×(S1-S2)≤625. For example, A×H×(S1-S2) can be 6, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 175, 225, 275, 300, 325, 355, 395, 425, 475, 525, 575, 605, 625, etc. It should be noted that the above values ​​are merely specific examples, and those skilled in the art can choose any value within the range of 6 to 625 according to their needs.

[0072] In this embodiment, taking the value of A×H×(S1-S2) within the range of 6~625 can make the heat influence between the sub-battery compartments 140 more balanced. This can avoid the problem of thermal runaway chain reaction caused by excessive heat influence between the sub-battery compartments 140 due to the above formula being too large, and also avoid the problem of uneven charging and discharging conditions of the battery cells 210 in the sub-battery compartments 140 due to excessive temperature difference caused by the above formula being too small, which would affect the battery life.

[0073] like Figure 9 and Figure 11 As shown, in a specific embodiment of this application, the inlet 311 and outlet 312 of at least one heat exchanger bend 310 are located on the same side of the battery pack 200. Taking two sub-battery compartments 140 as an example, the inlet 311 and outlet 312 of the heat exchanger bend 310 in one sub-battery compartment 140 are located on the same side of the battery pack 200, while the inlet 311 and outlet 312 of the heat exchanger bend 310 in the other sub-battery compartment 140 are located on different sides of the battery pack 200; of course, the inlet 311 and outlet 312 of the heat exchanger bend 310 in both sub-battery compartments 140 can both be located on the same side of the battery pack 200.

[0074] For the design where the heat exchange bends 310 of a single sub-battery compartment 140 have heat exchange media entering and exiting on the same side, this arrangement improves the temperature uniformity of the battery cells 210 within the sub-battery compartment 140 and reduces the temperature difference between the battery cells 210 at opposite diagonal ends. Figure 3 Taking the illustrated scheme as an example, when multiple (two in the scheme shown in the figure) battery cells 210 are arranged horizontally in the sub-battery compartment 140, the battery cell 210 corresponding to the upstream of the heat exchange medium and the battery cell 210 corresponding to the downstream of the heat medium are arranged adjacent to each other (i.e., in the same row). Even if the two battery cells 210 have a temperature difference due to different heat exchange efficiencies, they can still transfer heat to each other and maintain a relatively uniform temperature because they are arranged adjacent to each other.

[0075] If the inlet 311 and outlet 312 of the heat exchanger bend 310 are located on opposite sides of the battery pack 200, it can also be Figure 3 Taking the illustrated scheme as an example, when multiple (two in the scheme shown in the figure) battery cells 210 are arranged horizontally in the sub-battery compartment 140, the battery cell 210 corresponding to the upstream of the heat exchange medium and the battery cell 210 corresponding to the downstream of the heat exchange medium are located diagonally opposite each other in the sub-battery compartment 140. The heat exchange efficiency of these two battery cells 210 is different (the battery cell 210 corresponding to the upstream of the heat exchange medium has a lower temperature, and the battery cell 210 corresponding to the downstream of the heat exchange medium has a higher temperature), there is a temperature difference, and the two are far apart, so they cannot transfer heat to each other, and the temperature difference between them is large.

[0076] It should be noted that the liquid inlet 311 and liquid outlet 312 of the heat exchanger bend 310 are located on the same side of the battery pack 200, which also facilitates the connection of the manifold. Of course, this embodiment does not limit the specific location of the liquid inlet 311 and liquid outlet 312 of the heat exchanger bend 310. Those skilled in the art can also, based on space installation or other requirements, place the liquid inlet 311 and liquid outlet 312 of the heat exchanger bend 310 on different sides of the battery pack 200 (e.g., ...). Figure 10 (As shown).

[0077] Furthermore, the inlet 311 and outlet 312 of the heat exchange bends 310 of two adjacent sub-battery compartments 140 are both located on the same side of the main body 100. This arrangement not only ensures better temperature uniformity of the battery cells 210 in the sub-battery compartments 140, but also makes it easier to set the overall inlet and outlet path of the heat exchange medium, shortens the path of the manifold, saves space, and allows the heat exchange medium to reach the battery cells 210 more quickly when heat dissipation is required.

[0078] It should be noted that the inlet 311 and outlet 312 of the heat exchange bends 310 of two adjacent sub-battery compartments 140 can also be located on different sides of the housing body 100. For example, the inlet 311 and outlet 312 of the heat exchange bend 310 of one sub-battery compartment 140 can be located on the first side of the housing body 100, and the inlet 311 and outlet 312 of the heat exchange bend 310 of the adjacent sub-battery compartment 140 can be located on the second side of the housing body 100. The first side and the second side of the housing body 100 can be opposite sides or adjacent sides.

[0079] like Figure 11 As shown, the heat exchange bend 310 includes at least two straight sections 313, the extension direction of which is parallel to the first partition 110. The main body of the heat exchange bend 310 is the straight section 313, and the straight sections 313 are connected by a transition section. This transition section can be a curved structure or a broken line structure, as long as it can ensure that the heat exchange medium can flow from one straight section 313 to the next.

[0080] The straight section 313 extends in a direction parallel to the first partition 110, that is, the straight section 313 extends in a direction parallel to the surface of the first partition 110 facing the sub-battery compartment 140. In other words, the projections of the straight section 313 and the first partition 110 onto the base plate 150 are parallel. The first partition 110 can be a plate structure or a profile structure; this embodiment does not limit the specific structure of the first partition 110.

[0081] Since the first partition 110 not only serves to divide the battery compartment into two sub-battery compartments 140, but also strengthens the main body 100 of the housing, in this embodiment, the extension direction of the straight section 313 is parallel to the first partition 110, which is more conducive to the effective utilization of the space in the sub-battery compartment 140, increases the arrangement area of ​​the heat exchange bend 310, and improves the heat dissipation effect.

[0082] like Figure 12 As shown, the heat exchanger bend 310 can be a circular tube with a diameter of Rcm. In this embodiment, Rcm is 0.2cm to 0.5cm. For example, Rcm can be 0.2cm, 0.25cm, 0.3cm, 0.35cm, 0.4cm, 0.45cm, 0.5cm, etc. It should be noted that the above values ​​are only specific examples, and those skilled in the art can choose any value within the range of 0.2cm to 0.5cm according to their needs.

[0083] With the same flow area and wall thickness, a circular tube has higher strength, simpler manufacturing process, higher yield, and therefore lower cost. However, due to its shape, the contact area of ​​a circular tube is smaller (since the heat exchanger bend 310 does not directly contact the battery pack, this means that even if the heat exchanger bend 310 does contact the battery pack, the contact area is small due to the structural characteristics of the circular tube), its heat dissipation effect is worse than that of a flat tube. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the heat exchanger bend 310 has a sufficient diameter to meet the heat dissipation requirements. In addition, the minimum distance h1cm between the battery pack 200 and the heat exchanger bend 310 can be designed to be less than or equal to 0.3cm, that is, to reduce the distance between the battery pack 200 and the heat exchanger bend 310, so that the heat exchanger bend 310 is close enough to the bottom surface of the battery pack 200 to compensate for its insufficient heat dissipation effect.

[0084] The tube body of the heat exchanger bend 310 can also be a flat tube. It should be noted that a flat tube refers to the cross-sectional shape of the straight section 313 of the heat exchanger bend 310, where the dimension in the direction parallel to the base plate 150 is greater than the dimension in the direction perpendicular to the base plate 150. The cross-sectional shape of the flat tube can be rectangular, oval (a shape composed of a rectangle and two semicircles, resembling a running track), elliptical, etc.

[0085] Flat tubes can fit the battery pack 200 and the base plate 150 better, making them easier to fix. Moreover, with the same flow area, the heat exchange effect of flat tubes is greater than that of round tubes. Furthermore, flat tubes do not take up height space in the battery pack, but their strength is relatively poor and they are more difficult to process.

[0086] Flat tubes have weaker structural strength than round tubes, therefore a certain wall thickness is required. In this embodiment, in the arrangement direction of the battery pack 200 and the base plate 150, the wall thickness of the heat exchange bend 310 facing the battery pack 200 is h2cm, which is 0.06cm to 0.18cm. For example, h2cm can be 0.06cm, 0.08cm, 0.10cm, 0.12cm, 0.14cm, 0.16cm, 0.18cm, etc. It should be noted that the above values ​​are only specific examples, and those skilled in the art can choose any value within the range of 0.06cm to 0.18cm according to their needs.

[0087] In this embodiment, the wall thickness of the heat exchange bend 310 facing the battery pack 200 is controlled within the range of 0.06cm to 0.18cm, which can ensure that it will not be bent or deformed by the battery pack 200 when supporting the battery pack 200.

[0088] Furthermore, such as Figure 13As shown, the cross-section of the heat exchanger bend 310 facing the battery pack 200 and the base plate 150 consists of straight edges 3101. That is, the side of the heat exchanger bend 310 facing the battery pack 200 is a flat plate structure, and the side facing the base plate 150 is also a flat plate structure. The other two parts can be curved edges 3102 (oval structure). The two curved edges 3102 are used to connect the two straight edges 3101 to form the flow channel area 3103.

[0089] When the other two parts are curved edges 3102, at least a portion of the curved edge 3102 is an arc with a diameter in the range of 0.1cm to 0.3cm. For example, the diameter of this arc can be 0.1cm, 0.13cm, 0.16cm, 0.19cm, 0.22cm, 0.25cm, 0.28cm, 0.3cm, etc. It should be noted that the above values ​​are only specific examples, and those skilled in the art can choose any value within the range of 0.1cm to 0.3cm according to their needs.

[0090] In this embodiment, the diameter of the bent edge 3102 is controlled between 0.1cm and 0.3cm, which ensures that the heat exchange bend 310 has a flow channel cross-sectional area that meets the heat dissipation requirements, while also ensuring that the heat exchange bend 310 has the corresponding strength.

[0091] Furthermore, the cavity of the heat exchanger bend 310 is a flow channel region 3103, and the cross-sectional shape of the flow channel region 3103 is rectangular. The rectangular cross-section of the flow channel region 3103 allows the bent edge 3102 to be thicker, which has higher strength and better support for the battery pack 200, making the flow channel of the heat exchanger bend 310 less prone to breakage.

[0092] like Figure 11 As shown, in a specific embodiment of this application, the heat exchanger bend 310 includes at least one bent section 314, the diameter of which is 1cm to 3cm. For example, the diameter of the bent section 314 can be 1cm, 1.3cm, 1.6cm, 1.9cm, 2.2cm, 2.5cm, 2.8cm, 3cm, etc. It should be noted that the above values ​​are only specific examples, and those skilled in the art can choose any value within the range of 1cm to 3cm according to their needs.

[0093] The bent section 314 can connect two straight sections 313, enabling a transition from one straight section 313 to another, ensuring that all straight sections 313 remain parallel. In this embodiment, the diameter of the bent section 314 is selected within the range of 1cm to 3cm. This avoids the problem of the heat exchanger bends 310 being too sparsely arranged due to an excessively large diameter, which would affect the heat exchange effect; it also avoids the problem of excessive stress concentration at the bend of the heat exchanger bends 314 due to an excessively small diameter, which would compromise sufficient strength. This embodiment ensures that the heat exchanger bends 310 have sufficient strength without resulting in an excessively small heat exchange area due to an overly sparse arrangement.

[0094] Since the heat exchange medium flow rate is relatively slow in the bend section 314, it will inevitably affect the cooling efficiency of the battery cell 210 in this area. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the heat exchange area between the battery cell 210 and the heat exchange bend 310 in this area as much as possible to ensure the heat dissipation effect.

[0095] like Figure 14 As shown, the battery projection of the battery cell 210 corresponding to the curved section 314 overlaps with at least two curved section regions of the curved tube projection simultaneously. The curved section regions are the projections of the curved section 314 onto the base plate 150. That is, in this embodiment, the battery cell 210 can cover at least two curved sections 314, thereby expanding the heat exchange area of ​​the battery cell 210 corresponding to the curved section 314 and ensuring the corresponding heat dissipation efficiency.

[0096] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the overlap area between the battery projection of the battery cell 210 corresponding to the curved section 314 and the projection of the curved tube is S3cm. 2 Then S3cm 2 It is 5.6cm 2 ~111.5cm 2 For example, S3 can be 5.6 cm. 2 15cm 2 30cm 2 45cm 2 60cm 2 75cm 2 90cm 2 105cm 2 111.5cm 2 It should be noted that the above value is only a specific example, and those skilled in the art can adjust it according to their needs, using values ​​such as 5.6cm. 2 ~111.5cm 2 Choose any option within the range.

[0097] The aforementioned overlapping area determines the heat dissipation performance of the battery cell 210. It is not necessarily the area with the smallest overlapping area; therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the aforementioned overlapping area S3cm 2 It fell in S1cm 2 and S2cm 2 Within the range.

[0098] In a specific embodiment of this application, the heat exchange bend 310 includes at least two straight sections 313, and the distance between two adjacent straight sections 313 is L1cm, where L1cm is 1cm to 3cm. For example, L1cm can be 1cm, 1.2cm, 1.4cm, 1.6cm, 1.8cm, 2cm, 2.2cm, 2.4cm, 2.6cm, 2.8cm, 3cm, etc. It should be noted that the above values ​​are only specific examples, and those skilled in the art can choose any value within the range of 1cm to 3cm according to their needs.

[0099] In this embodiment, the spacing between the two straight sections 313 is selected within the range of 1cm to 3cm. This can avoid the problem of insufficient heat dissipation area due to excessive spacing L1, and also avoid the problem of stress concentration due to excessively small diameter of the curved section 314 caused by excessively small spacing L1cm.

[0100] Furthermore, the tube width of the heat exchanger bend 310 is L2cm. The tube width of the heat exchanger bend 310 is the projected width of the cross-section of the tube body (i.e., the cross-section perpendicular to the extension direction of the tube body) on the base plate 150. Then, L2cm can be 0.4cm to 1.5cm. For example, L2cm can be 0.4cm, 0.5cm, 0.6cm, 0.7cm, 0.8cm, 0.9cm, 1cm, 1.1cm, 1.2cm, 1.3cm, 1.4cm, 1.5cm, etc. It should be noted that the above values ​​are only specific examples, and those skilled in the art can choose arbitrarily within the range of 0.4cm to 1.5cm according to their needs.

[0101] In this embodiment, L2 / L1 is 0.13 to 1.5. For example, L2 / L1 can be 0.13, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.15, 1.3, 1.5, etc. It should be noted that the above values ​​are only specific examples, and those skilled in the art can choose any value in the range of 0.13 to 1.5 according to their needs.

[0102] The range of L2 / L1 reflects the size of the heat exchange area of ​​the heat exchange bend 310, thus indicating the quality of heat dissipation. A larger L2 / L1 results in better heat exchange but higher manufacturing costs, while a smaller L2 / L1 results in worse heat exchange but lower manufacturing costs. In this embodiment, L2 / L1 is selected within the range of 0.13 to 1.5, achieving a balance between manufacturing cost and heat exchange performance for the heat exchange bend 310.

[0103] like Figure 15 As shown in a specific embodiment of this application, the heat exchange bend 310 includes a straight section 313 extending along a first direction. For ease of understanding, the side of the battery cell 210 facing the heat exchange bend 310 is defined as the heat exchange side. When the battery cell 210 is a prismatic battery, the shape of the heat exchange side is generally rectangular, with the long side extending along a second direction and the short side extending along the first direction, and the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction.

[0104] The length of the long side of the heat exchanger is L4cm, and the total width of the heat exchanger bend 310 opposite to the heat exchanger is L3cm. The total width of the heat exchanger bend 310 is the sum of the projected widths of the cross-section of the heat exchanger bend 310 on the heat exchanger side. Therefore, the range of L3 / L4 is 0.012~0.1. For example, L3 / L4 can be 0.012, 0.015, 0.025, 0.035, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, etc. It should be noted that the above values ​​are only specific examples, and those skilled in the art can choose any value within the range of 0.012~0.1 according to their needs.

[0105] For the portion of the battery cells 210 opposite the straight section 313 of the heat exchange bend 310, the L3 / L4 ratio (the proportion of the heat exchange bend 310 along its long side on the heat exchange side) determines the heat dissipation performance of this portion of the battery cells 210. Selecting an L3 / L4 ratio within the range of 0.012 to 0.1 avoids the problem of high manufacturing costs for the heat exchange bend 310 due to an excessively large L3 / L4 ratio, and also avoids insufficient heat exchange performance due to an excessively small L3 / L4 ratio.

[0106] In this embodiment, L4cm can be selected within the range of 15cm to 33cm. For example, L4cm can be 15cm, 18cm, 20cm, 22cm, 25cm, 28cm, 30cm, 33cm, etc. This embodiment does not limit the range of L4cm.

[0107] In this embodiment, L3cm can be selected within the range of 0.4cm to 1.5cm. For example, L3cm can be 0.4cm, 0.5cm, 0.6cm, 0.7cm, 0.8cm, 0.9cm, 1.0cm, 1.1cm, 1.2cm, 1.3cm, 1.4cm, 1.5cm, etc. This embodiment does not limit the range of L3cm.

[0108] Furthermore, along the second direction, the minimum distance between the straight section 313 of the heat exchange bend 310 and the short side of the heat exchange side of the battery cell 210 is L5cm, where L5cm ranges from 0cm to 6cm. For example, L5cm can be 0cm, 0.5cm, 1.0cm, 1.5cm, 2.0cm, 2.5cm, 3.0cm, 3.5cm, 4.0cm, 4.5cm, 5.0cm, 5.5cm, 6.0cm, etc. This embodiment does not limit the range of L5cm.

[0109] The minimum distance L5cm between the straight section 313 of the heat exchange bend 310 and the short side of the heat exchange side of the battery cell 210 reflects the minimum amount of space on the heat exchange side of the battery cell 210 that is not covered by the heat exchange bend 310. In this embodiment, L5cm is selected within the range of 0cm to 6cm. This avoids both the problem of poor heat exchange effect caused by an excessively large L5cm and the problem of high manufacturing cost of the heat exchange bend 310 caused by an excessively small L5cm.

[0110] like Figure 16 As shown, the side of the battery pack 200 facing the heat exchange bend 310 is defined as the heat exchange side. The heat exchange side of the battery pack 200 is bonded to the bottom plate 150 of the housing body 100 by an adhesive layer 700. The heat exchange bend 310 is located within the adhesive layer 700 and is bonded to both the heat exchange side of the battery pack 200 and the bottom plate 150 by the adhesive layer 700. The thickness of the adhesive layer 700 between the heat exchange side of the battery pack 200 and the heat exchange bend 310 is h3cm, which is 0.04cm to 0.3cm. For example, h3cm can be 0.04cm, 0.07cm, 0.1cm, 0.13cm, 0.16cm, 0.19cm, 0.22cm, 0.25cm, 0.3cm, etc. This embodiment does not limit the range of h3cm.

[0111] The larger the h3cm, the slower the heat transfer from the battery pack 200 to the heat exchange bend 310; the smaller the h3cm, the faster the heat transfer from the battery pack 200 to the heat exchange bend 310. Furthermore, the effect of h3cm on the battery pack 200 is the same as the effect of Hcm, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0112] like Figure 17As shown, in order to achieve insulation between battery cells 210 and between battery cells 210 and battery housing, the surface of battery cells 210 is covered with an insulating film. However, covering with an insulating film will reduce heat dissipation efficiency. Therefore, the insulating film on the heat exchange side of battery cells 210 is provided with a window 211 to ensure that the heat exchange side of battery cells 210 can exchange heat efficiently with the heat exchange bend 310.

[0113] In this embodiment, the area of ​​the window portion 211 is S4cm. 2 The overlapping area of ​​the battery projection and the curved tube projection is S5cm. 2 S4×S5 is 78.4~18104.6. For example, S4×S5 can be 78.4, 500, 1000, 3000, 5000, 8000, 10000, 12000, 14000, 16000, 18104.6, etc. It should be noted that the above values ​​are only specific examples, and those skilled in the art can choose any value in the range of 78.4~18104.6 according to their needs.

[0114] This setting avoids the problem of poor heat dissipation caused by an excessively small value of S4×S5, and also avoids the problem of insulation failure between the battery cell 210 and the heat exchange bend 310 caused by an excessively large value of S4×S5.

[0115] The area of ​​the window portion 211 is 50% to 95% of the area of ​​the heat exchange side of the battery cell 210 (usually the bottom surface of the battery cell 210), i.e., 4 cm. 2 The value should be 50% to 95% of the heat exchange side area of ​​the battery cell 210. Correspondingly, the overlapping area of ​​the battery projection and the bent tube projection is 20% to 70% of the heat exchange side area of ​​the battery cell 210, i.e., S5cm. 2 The value should be 20% to 70% of the heat exchange side area of ​​the battery cell 210.

[0116] Furthermore, for ease of understanding, the projection of the window portion 211 onto the base plate 150 is defined as the window projection, which at least partially overlaps with the bent tube projection. Since the window portion 211 has no insulating film obstruction, it can more easily and quickly complete heat exchange with the heat exchange bent tube 310. Therefore, the overlap between the window projection and the bent tube projection can improve the heat dissipation effect. The insulation between the battery cell 210 and the heat exchange bent tube 310 in the window portion 211 area is achieved by the adhesive layer between the two.

[0117] Furthermore, the area of ​​the window opening 211 is S4cm. 2 Then S4cm 2 It is 14cm 2 ~156.75cm 2 For example, S4cm2 It can be 14cm 2 20cm 2 40cm 2 60cm 2 80cm 2 100cm 2 120cm 2 140cm 2 156.75cm 2 It should be noted that the above values ​​are merely specific examples, and those skilled in the art can adjust the values ​​according to their needs, such as 14cm. 2 ~156.75cm 2 Choose any option within the range.

[0118] In this embodiment, where the window projection and the curved tube projection overlap, S4cm 2 Designed at 14cm 2 ~156.75cm 2 Within the range, to prevent S4cm 2 Excessive size can lead to insulation failure.

[0119] In a specific embodiment of this application, the minimum distance from the window portion 211 to the heat exchange side edge of the battery cell 210 is L6cm, where L6cm is 0.3~7cm. Exemplarily, L6cm can be 0.3cm, 0.9cm, 1.5cm, 2cm, 2.5cm, 3cm, 3.5cm, 4cm, 4.5cm, 5cm, 5.5cm, 6cm, 6.5cm, 7cm, etc. It should be noted that the above values ​​are merely specific examples, and those skilled in the art can arbitrarily choose within the range of 0.3cm~7cm according to their needs.

[0120] The size of L6cm determines the size of the heat dissipation area, i.e., the effectiveness of heat dissipation. In this embodiment, L6cm is selected within the range of 0.3cm to 7cm. This avoids the problem of poor heat dissipation due to an excessively large L6cm, and also avoids the problem of insulation failure due to an excessively small L6cm.

[0121] like Figure 18 As shown in a specific embodiment of this application, the spacing between two adjacent battery packs 200 is L7cm. Therefore, L7cm ranges from 3.4cm to 6.4cm. For example, L7cm can be 3.4cm, 3.8cm, 4.2cm, 4.6cm, 5cm, 5.2cm, 5.4cm, 5.6cm, 6cm, 6.4cm, etc. It should be noted that the above values ​​are merely specific examples, and those skilled in the art can choose any value within the range of 3.4cm to 6.4cm according to their needs.

[0122] The value range of L7cm can affect the thermal impact effect between two adjacent battery packs 200. In this embodiment, L7cm is selected within the range of 3.4cm to 6.4cm. This avoids the problem of poor space utilization in the sub-battery compartment 140 due to an excessively large value of L7cm, and also avoids the problem of thermal runaway chain reaction caused by an excessively small value of L7cm, which would allow heat to be easily transferred between two adjacent battery packs 200 through structures such as the first separator 110 and the base plate 150.

[0123] Furthermore, when L7 > A, L7 - A ≤ 3.4. This setting avoids the problem that the heat exchange bend 310 closest to the first separator 110 will not be fully utilized due to an excessively large difference between L7 and A, which would affect the heat dissipation of the battery cell 210 and improve the utilization efficiency of the heat exchange bend 310.

[0124] When L7 < A, the minimum distance between the heat exchange bend 310 and the battery pack 200 within the same sub-battery compartment 140 in the arrangement direction of the two sub-battery compartments 140 is L8cm, which is 1.2cm. The size of the distance in the arrangement direction of the two sub-battery compartments 140 can reflect the heat dissipation of the battery cell 210 most easily affected by its adjacent sub-battery compartment 140. In this embodiment, L8cm is 1.2cm, that is, the distance in the arrangement direction of the two sub-battery compartments 140 is selected within the range of 1.2cm or more, which can avoid affecting the heat dissipation of the battery cell 210 near the first separator 110 due to the above-mentioned excessive distance.

[0125] In one specific embodiment of this application, the heat exchange bend 310 is fixed to the base plate 150 by an adhesive layer 700. That is, the adhesive layer 700 fixes the heat exchange bend 310 to the base plate 150, maintaining a smooth surface in contact with the battery cell 210 and improving the stability of the battery cell 210 installation. Furthermore, the adhesive layer 700 also has a certain thermal conductivity, which can help improve the heat exchange efficiency between the heat exchange bend 310 and the battery cell 210.

[0126] like Figure 19As shown in a specific embodiment of this application, a groove 151 with a depth of h4cm is provided on the base plate 150, and the heat exchange bend 310 is at least partially disposed within the groove 151. That is, the heat exchange bend 310 can be completely located within the groove 151, or it can be partially exposed at the top opening of the groove 151. In this embodiment, by providing the groove 151 on the base plate 150, the groove 151 not only accommodates the heat exchange bend 310, but also acts as a reinforcing rib, improving the strength of the base plate 150. In addition, placing the heat exchange bend 310 within the groove 151 can reduce the height space occupied by the heat exchange bend 310 in the battery pack (i.e., reduce the size of the heat exchange bend 310 exposed on the base plate 150), and also facilitates the fixing and positioning of the heat exchange bend 310.

[0127] The distance from the bottom of the groove 151 to the first side of the heat exchange bend 310 is h5cm. The first side of the heat exchange bend 310 is the side facing the battery pack 200. The ratio of h4 / h5 is 0.9 to 1.5. For example, h4 / h5 can be 0.9, 0.95, 1.0, 1.05, 1.1, 1.15, 1.2, 1.25, 1.3, 1.35, 1.4, 1.45, 1.5, etc. It should be noted that the above values ​​are only specific examples, and those skilled in the art can choose any value within the range of 0.9 to 1.5 according to their needs. In this embodiment, the ratio of h4 / h5 is designed to be within the range of 0.9 to 1.5 to avoid the heat exchange bend 310 being difficult to fix due to a ratio that is too small, and also to avoid the groove 151 being too deep due to a ratio that is too large, resulting in the base plate 150 occupying a large amount of space. h4cm can be 0.3cm to 0.6cm. For example, h4cm can be 0.3cm, 0.33cm, 0.36cm, 0.4cm, 0.43cm, 0.46cm, 0.5cm, 0.53cm, 0.56cm, 0.6cm, etc. It should be noted that the above values ​​are only specific examples, and those skilled in the art can choose any value within the range of 0.3cm to 0.6cm according to their needs.

[0128] Furthermore, the distance from the bottom of the groove 151 to the second side of the heat exchange bend 310 is h6cm. The second side of the heat exchange bend 310 is the side of the heat exchange bend 310 that is away from the battery pack 200, that is, the first side and the second side of the heat exchange bend 310 are opposite sides.

[0129] The minimum distance between the two closest grooves 151 spanning the first separator 110 is L9cm, and h6+L9 is 3~6.8. For example, h6+L9 can be 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 6.8, etc. It should be noted that the above values ​​are only specific examples, and those skilled in the art can choose any value within the range of 3~6.8 according to their needs.

[0130] h6+L9 can be essentially considered as the heat transfer path from the heat exchange bend 310 in one sub-battery compartment 140 to the heat exchange bend 310 in the adjacent sub-battery compartment 140 on the other side of the first partition 110. In this embodiment, h6+L9 is designed to be in the range of 3 to 6.8, which can avoid the heat from one heat exchange bend 310 being easily conducted to another heat exchange bend 310 through the base plate 150 due to the aforementioned heat transfer path being too short.

[0131] like Figure 20 As shown in a specific embodiment of this application, the liquid inlet 311 and liquid outlet 312 of each heat exchange bend 310 are all located inside the housing body 100, and the liquid inlet 311 and liquid outlet 312 of each heat exchange bend 310 are connected by a manifold assembly 320. Specifically, the liquid inlet 311 of each heat exchange bend 310 is connected by an inlet manifold 321, and the liquid outlet 312 of each heat exchange bend 310 is connected by an outlet manifold 322. In this embodiment, the inlet manifold 321 and the outlet manifold 322 are set to realize the total inlet and outlet of the heat exchange medium in the battery pack, which can facilitate the connection of pipelines. The fact that the liquid inlet 311 and liquid outlet 312 of each heat exchange bend 310 are located inside the battery pack helps to reduce the pipeline path and enables faster transfer of the heat exchange medium when heat dissipation is required.

[0132] Furthermore, the main body 100 of the enclosure also includes a partition compartment 130. The battery compartment and the partition compartment 130 are separated by a second partition 120, and the partition compartment 130 is independently sealed. The second partition 120 can be designed to be perpendicular to the first partition 110, or it can be designed to be at other angles based on design requirements.

[0133] The inlet 311 and outlet 312 of each heat exchanger bend 310 are located in the partition compartment 130. The partition compartment 130 is used to isolate the inlet 311 and outlet 312 of the heat exchanger bend 310 from the battery compartment, electrical compartment, etc. Even if there is a heat exchange medium leak at the joint of the inlet 311 and outlet 312 of the heat exchanger bend 310, it will not affect the normal operation of other compartments (such as the battery compartment and electrical compartment), thus improving the safety of the battery pack.

[0134] like Figure 21As shown, in another embodiment of this application, the liquid inlet 311 and liquid outlet 312 of each heat exchange bend 310 can also be located outside the housing body 100. The liquid inlet 311 of each heat exchange bend 310 is connected through the liquid inlet manifold 321, and the liquid outlet 312 of each heat exchange bend 310 is connected through the liquid outlet manifold 322. In this embodiment, the liquid inlet manifold 321 and liquid outlet manifold 322 are set to realize the total inlet and outlet of the heat exchange medium in the battery pack, which can facilitate the connection of pipelines.

[0135] In this embodiment, the inlet 311 and outlet 312 of the heat exchanger bend 310 are located outside the battery pack. This ensures that leakage of the heat exchange medium will not affect the normal operation of the battery pack. However, this location outside the battery pack lengthens the paths of the inlet manifold 321 and outlet manifold 322, hindering rapid heat dissipation. In this embodiment, the cross-sectional area of ​​both the inlet manifold 321 and outlet manifold 322 is greater than or equal to 1.5 cm². 2 In this embodiment, the cross-sectional area of ​​the inlet manifold 321 and the outlet manifold 322 is limited to not less than 1.5 cm². 2 This ensures that the heat exchange medium has sufficient flow to guarantee rapid heat dissipation of the battery pack.

[0136] In one specific embodiment of this application, there are at least two battery packs 200. For ease of understanding, the two battery packs 200 are defined as the first battery pack and the second battery pack, respectively. The first battery pack and the second battery pack can use cells made of different materials. For example, the first battery pack can use lithium iron phosphate batteries, and the second battery pack can use sodium-ion batteries. Sodium-ion batteries have a wide temperature range, with relatively relaxed upper and lower limits of their operating temperature, which compensates for the shortcomings of lithium iron phosphate batteries in terms of temperature range.

[0137] When there are only two battery packs 200, the two battery packs 200 can use cells made of different materials; when there are more than two battery packs 200, at least two of the battery packs 200 can use cells made of different materials. In this embodiment, battery packs 200 with different systems are used to form a battery pack. Specifically, different battery systems can be selected according to the actual working conditions, such as ternary lithium, lithium iron phosphate, sodium hydroxide, etc.

[0138] In a specific embodiment of this application, the liquid inlets 311 of each heat exchange bend 310 are connected through a liquid inlet manifold 321, and the liquid outlets 312 of each heat exchange bend 310 are connected through a liquid outlet manifold 322. A total liquid inlet 3211 is provided on the liquid inlet manifold 321, and a total liquid outlet 3221 is provided on the liquid outlet manifold 322. The ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the total liquid inlet 3211 to the total liquid outlet 3221 is between 0.8 and 1.2. For example, the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the total liquid inlet 3211 to the total liquid outlet 3221 can be 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95, 1.0, 1.05, 1.1, 1.15, or 1.2.

[0139] The cross-sectional area of ​​the flow channel of the main liquid outlet 3221 can be slightly larger than that of the flow channel of the main liquid inlet 3211 to ensure smooth liquid discharge and prevent excessive back pressure from affecting the flow of the heat exchange medium.

[0140] In one specific embodiment of this application, the overlapping area of ​​the battery projection and the curved tube projection is Scm. 2 Then Scm 2 It can be 5.6cm 2 ~115.5cm 2 For example, Scm 2 It can be 5.6cm. 2 15cm 2 25cm 2 35cm 2 45cm 2 55cm 2 65cm 2 75cm 2 85cm 2 95cm 2 105cm 2 115.5cm 2 It should be noted that the above value is only a specific example, and those skilled in the art can adjust it according to their needs, using values ​​such as 5.6cm. 2 ~115.5cm 2 Choose any option within the range.

[0141] The area of ​​the bottom surface of the battery (i.e., the side of the battery cell 210 facing the base plate 150) is 28 cm². 2 ~165cm 2 This can be understood as the area of ​​the battery projection being 28cm². 2 ~165cm 2 The maximum overlapping area S1cm between the projections of each battery and the projection of the curved tube. 2 It can be Scm 2 70%, i.e., S1 = 0.7S; the maximum overlapping area between the projection of each battery and the projection of the curved tube is S2cm.2 It can be Scm 2 20%, that is, S2 = 0.7S.

[0142] The minimum distance Acm between two adjacent heat exchange bends 310 can be 3cm to 10cm; the distance Hcm between the bottom surface of the battery pack 200 and the base plate 150 can be 0.4cm to 1cm. For example, Acm can be 3cm, 3.5cm, 4cm, 4.5cm, 5cm, 5.5cm, 6cm, 6.5cm, 7cm, 7.5cm, 8cm, 8.5cm, 9cm, 9.5cm, 10cm, etc. It should be noted that the above values ​​are only specific examples, and those skilled in the art can choose any value within the range of 3cm to 10cm according to their needs. For example, Hcm can be 0.4cm, 0.45cm, 0.5cm, 0.55cm, 0.6cm, 0.65cm, 0.7cm, 0.75cm, 0.8cm, 0.85cm, 0.9cm, 0.95cm, 1cm, etc. It should be noted that the above values ​​are only specific examples, and those skilled in the art can choose any value in the range of 0.4cm to 1cm according to their needs.

[0143] To verify the technical effectiveness of the battery pack disclosed in the embodiments of this application, the following tests were conducted.

[0144] The test subject was a battery pack with two independently sealed sub-battery compartments. For each embodiment and comparative example, a liquid cooling assembly was fabricated and fixed to the base plate of the battery pack. Eighty prismatic batteries were taken from each compartment and discharged at a rate of 0.33C to the lower limit voltage. These batteries were then placed in the two sub-battery compartments, with a reinforcing plate installed on the top of each battery and conductive busbars welded to their terminals. One sub-battery compartment was selected as the measurement compartment. NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) thermistors were attached to the same position on the top surface of each battery in this compartment. The temperature measured on the NTC thermistors was collected in real time via a data acquisition line. After installation, the cover was closed and secured.

[0145] Different types of prismatic batteries require corresponding adjustments to their upper and lower voltage limits: LFP (LiFePO4, lithium iron phosphate) - upper limit 3.65V, lower limit 2.5V; NCM (lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide) - upper limit 4.25V, lower limit 2.5V; LFMP (lithium manganese iron phosphate) - upper limit 4.25V, lower limit 2.5V; lithium nickel manganese oxide - upper limit 4.8V, lower limit 3.5V.

[0146] Test 1: Temperature difference test of batteries in the same sub-battery compartment

[0147] The ambient temperature was set to 25℃±2℃. The square-shell batteries in the battery pack were charged at a rate of 1C to the upper limit voltage. The battery temperature measured by each NTC thermistor was measured at this time. The temperature difference between the square-shell batteries with the highest and lowest temperatures was recorded. The temperature difference between the two was taken as the maximum temperature difference of the square-shell batteries in the sub-battery compartment. A maximum temperature difference of 3℃ or less is considered qualified. For detailed test results, please refer to Performance 1 in Table 1.

[0148] Test 2: Thermal Impact Test Between Sub-Battery Compartments

[0149] After Test 1, the battery pack was placed in an environment of 25℃±2℃ for 24 hours. Then, thermal runaway was actively induced in the square battery closest to the first separator in the sub-battery compartment with NTC thermistors. The temperature rise rate of each battery in the compartment was then measured in real time. The square battery with the highest temperature rise rate was selected as the parameter to measure the thermal influence between the sub-battery compartments. A temperature rise rate of less than or equal to 0.5℃ / minute was considered qualified. For detailed test results, please refer to Performance 2 in Table 1.

[0150] Table 1

[0151]

[0152] In Examples 1-6, the shortest distance Acm between two adjacent heat exchange bends, the distance Hcm between the bottom surface of the battery pack and the base plate, and the three parameters A×H×(S1-S2) all meet the specified ranges (the value range of A is 3~10; the value range of H is 0.4~1; the value range of A×H×(S1-S2) is 6~625). The temperature difference between the square battery with the highest temperature and the square battery with the lowest temperature is less than 3℃, and the highest is 2.9℃. The temperature rise rate of each square battery is not higher than 0.5℃ / minute, and the highest is 0.48℃ / minute.

[0153] In Examples 7 and 8, A×H×(S1-S2) satisfies the defined range (the value range of A×H×(S1-S2) is 6~625), but at least one of the following does not satisfy the defined range (the value range of A is 3~10; the value range of H is 0.4~1). The temperature difference between the square-shell battery with the highest temperature and the square-shell battery with the lowest temperature is also below 3℃, and the temperature rise rate of each square-shell battery is not higher than 0.5℃ / minute.

[0154] Comparative Examples 1 and 2 show that A×H×(S1-S2) does not meet the specified range (the value range of A×H×(S1-S2) is 6~625), and at least one of the following does not meet the specified range (the value range of A is 3~10; the value range of H is 0.4~1).

[0155] In Comparative Example 1, A exceeds the upper limit, H is within the range, and A×H×(S1-S2) exceeds the upper limit. The temperature difference between the square-shell battery with the highest temperature and the square-shell battery with the lowest temperature exceeds 3℃.

[0156] In Comparative Example 2, A is within the range, H is below the lower limit, and A×H×(S1-S2) is below the lower limit. The square-shell battery with the highest temperature rise rate has a temperature rise rate exceeding 0.5℃ / minute.

[0157] Unless the context explicitly indicates an exception, words such as "a," "an," "a kind," and / or "the" do not specifically refer to the singular and may also include the plural. Generally speaking, the terms "comprising" and "including" only indicate the inclusion of explicitly identified steps and elements, which do not constitute an exclusive list; a method or apparatus may also include other steps or elements. An element defined by the phrase "comprising a..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, product, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0158] In the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly defined, terms such as "setup," "installation," and "connection" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this application in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0159] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0160] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the embodiments above are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications to this application without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A battery pack, characterized in that, The battery includes a battery housing, a battery pack (200), and a liquid cooling assembly (300). The battery housing includes a housing body (100), which includes a battery compartment. The battery compartment is divided into at least two independent and sealed sub-battery compartments (140) by a first partition (110). Each sub-battery compartment (140) is provided with the battery pack (200), and each battery pack (200) is bonded to the bottom plate (150) of the housing body (100) and configured to switch between series and parallel connections. The liquid cooling assembly (300) includes heat exchange bends (310) disposed in each of the sub-battery compartments (140) and connected in parallel, the heat exchange bends (310) being disposed between the battery pack (200) and the base plate (150); The projection of the individual battery cells (210) of the battery pack (200) onto the base plate (150) is the battery projection, and the projection of the heat exchange bend (310) onto the base plate (150) is the bend projection. Each battery projection and the bend projection at least partially overlap. The maximum overlap area between the battery projection and the bend projection in a single sub-battery compartment (140) is S1cm. 2 The minimum is S2cm 2 The shortest distance between two adjacent heat exchange bends (310) is Acm, and the distance between the bottom surface of the battery pack (200) and the base plate (150) is Hcm, satisfying 6≤A×H×(S1-S2)≤625.

2. The battery pack as described in claim 1, characterized in that, At least one of the heat exchange bends (310) has an inlet (311) and an outlet (312) located on the same side of the battery pack (200).

3. The battery pack as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The inlet (311) and outlet (312) of the heat exchange bends (310) of two adjacent sub-battery compartments (140) are both located on the same side of the main body (100).

4. The battery pack as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchange bend (310) includes at least two straight sections (313), the extension direction of which is parallel to the first separator (110).

5. The battery pack as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchange bend (310) has a circular tube with a diameter of Rcm, where Rcm is 0.2cm to 0.5cm. And / or, The minimum distance between the battery pack (200) and the heat exchange bend (310) is h1cm, then h1≤0.

3.

6. The battery pack as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchange bend (310) has a flat tube body, and in the arrangement direction of the battery pack (200) and the base plate (150), the wall thickness of the heat exchange bend (310) facing the battery pack (200) is h2cm, which is 0.06cm~0.18cm.

7. The battery pack as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The portion of the heat exchange bend (310) facing the battery pack (200) and the base plate (150) is a straight edge (3101), and the other two portions are curved edges (3102). At least a portion of the curved edge (3102) is an arc with a diameter in the range of 0.1cm to 0.3cm.

8. The battery pack as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The cavity of the heat exchange bend (310) is a flow channel region (3103), and the cross-sectional shape of the flow channel region (3103) is rectangular.

9. The battery pack as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchange bend (310) includes at least one bend (314), the diameter of which is 1cm to 3cm.

10. The battery pack as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that, The battery projection of the battery cell (210) corresponding to the curved section (314) has a curved section overlap area with at least two curved section areas of the curved tube projection, and the curved section area is the projection of the curved section (314) on the base plate (150).

11. The battery pack as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that, The overlap area between the battery projection of the battery cell (210) corresponding to the curved section (314) and the projection of the curved tube is S3cm. 2 Then S3cm 2 It is 5.6cm 2 ~111.5cm 2 .

12. The battery pack as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchange bend (310) includes at least two straight sections (313), and the distance between two adjacent straight sections (313) is L1cm, where L1cm is 1cm to 3cm.

13. The battery pack as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that, The tube width of the heat exchange bend (310) is L2cm. The tube width of the heat exchange bend (310) is the projected width of the tube cross-section of the heat exchange bend (310) on the base plate (150). L2 / L1 is 0.13~1.

5.

14. The battery pack as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that, L2cm is 0.4cm~1.5cm.

15. The battery pack as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchange bend (310) includes a straight section (313) extending along a first direction. The side of the battery cell (210) facing the heat exchange bend (310) is the heat exchange side. The long side of the heat exchange side extends along a second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction. The length of the long side of the heat exchange side is L4cm. The total width of the heat exchange bend (310) opposite to the heat exchange side is L3cm. The total width of the heat exchange bend (310) is the sum of the projected widths of the tube cross-section of the heat exchange bend (310) on the heat exchange side. The range of L3 / L4 is 0.012~0.

1.

16. The battery pack as claimed in claim 15, characterized in that, L3cm is 0.4cm~1.5cm; And / or, L4cm is 15cm~33cm.

17. The battery pack as claimed in claim 15, characterized in that, Along the second direction, the minimum distance between the straight section (313) of the heat exchange bend (310) and the short side of the heat exchange side of the battery cell (210) is L5cm, and L5cm is 0cm~6cm.

18. The battery pack as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The side of the battery pack (200) facing the heat exchange bend (310) is the heat exchange side. The heat exchange side of the battery pack (200) is bonded to the bottom plate (150) of the housing body (100) through an adhesive layer (700). The heat exchange bend (310) is located inside the adhesive layer (700) and is bonded to the heat exchange side of the battery pack (200) and the bottom plate (150) through the adhesive layer (700) respectively. The thickness of the adhesive layer between the heat exchange side of the battery pack (200) and the heat exchange bend (310) is h3cm, then h3cm is 0.04cm~0.3cm.

19. The battery pack as claimed in claim 18, characterized in that, The surface of the battery cell (210) is covered with an insulating film, and the insulating film on the heat exchange side of the battery cell (210) is provided with a window (211), the area of ​​which is S4cm. 2 The overlapping area of ​​the battery projection and the curved tube projection is S5cm. 2 The value of S4×S5 is 78.4~18104.

6.

20. The battery pack as claimed in claim 19, characterized in that, The area of ​​the window opening (211) is S4cm. 2 It is 50% to 95% of the heat exchange side area of ​​the battery cell (210); And / or, The overlapping area S5cm between the battery projection and the bent tube projection 2 It is 20% to 70% of the heat exchange side area of ​​the battery cell (210).

21. The battery pack as claimed in claim 19, characterized in that, The projection of the window portion (211) onto the base plate (150) is the window projection, and the window projection and the curved tube projection at least partially overlap.

22. The battery pack as claimed in claim 21, characterized in that, S4cm 2 It is 14cm 2 ~156.75cm 2 .

23. The battery pack as claimed in claim 21, characterized in that, The minimum distance from the window (211) to the heat exchange side edge of the battery cell (210) is L6cm, and L6cm is 0.3cm ~ 7cm.

24. The battery pack as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between two adjacent battery packs (200) is L7cm, then L7cm is 3.4cm~6.4cm.

25. The battery pack as claimed in claim 24, characterized in that, When L7 > A, L7 - A ≤ 3.

4.

26. The battery pack as claimed in claim 24, characterized in that, When L7 < A, the minimum distance between the heat exchange bend (310) and the battery pack (200) in the same sub-battery compartment (140) in the arrangement direction of the two sub-battery compartments (140) is L8cm, and L8cm is 1.2cm.

27. The battery pack as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchange bend (310) is fixed to the base plate (150) by an adhesive layer (700).

28. The battery pack as claimed in claim 27, characterized in that, The base plate (150) is provided with a groove (151) with a depth of h4cm. The heat exchange bend (310) is at least partially disposed in the groove (151). The distance from the bottom of the groove (151) to the first side of the heat exchange bend (310) is h5cm. The first side of the heat exchange bend (310) is the side of the heat exchange bend (310) facing the battery pack (200). The ratio of h4 / h5 is 0.9~1.

5.

29. The battery pack as claimed in claim 28, characterized in that, h4cm is 0.3cm~0.6cm.

30. The battery pack as claimed in claim 28, characterized in that, The distance from the bottom of the groove (151) to the second side of the heat exchange bend (310) is h6cm. The second side of the heat exchange bend (310) is the side of the heat exchange bend (310) away from the battery pack (200). The minimum distance between the two closest grooves (151) spanning the first separator (110) is L9cm. h6+L9 is 3~6.

8.

31. The battery pack as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The inlet (311) and outlet (312) of each heat exchange bend (310) are located inside the main body (100). The inlet (311) of each heat exchange bend (310) is connected through the inlet manifold (321), and the outlet (312) of each heat exchange bend (310) is connected through the outlet manifold (322).

32. The battery pack as claimed in claim 31, characterized in that, The main body of the enclosure (100) also includes a partition compartment (130). The battery compartment and the partition compartment (130) are separated by a second partition (120), and the partition compartment (130) is independently sealed. The liquid inlet (311) and liquid outlet (312) of each heat exchange bend (310) are all located in the partition compartment (130).

33. The battery pack as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The inlet (311) and outlet (312) of each heat exchange bend (310) are located outside the main body (100). The inlet (311) of each heat exchange bend (310) is connected through an inlet manifold (321), and the outlet (312) of each heat exchange bend (310) is connected through an outlet manifold (322). The cross-sectional area of ​​the flow channels of the inlet manifold (321) and the outlet manifold (322) is greater than or equal to 1.5 cm². 2 .

34. The battery pack as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The battery pack (200) is at least two, wherein the two battery packs (200) are a first battery pack and a second battery pack, and the first battery pack and the second battery pack use cells made of different materials.

35. The battery pack as claimed in claim 34, characterized in that, The first battery pack uses lithium iron phosphate batteries, and the second battery pack uses sodium-ion batteries.

36. The battery pack as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid inlet (311) of each heat exchange bend (310) is connected through the liquid inlet manifold (321), and the liquid outlet (312) of each heat exchange bend (310) is connected through the liquid outlet manifold (322). The inlet manifold (321) is provided with a main inlet (3211), and the outlet manifold (322) is provided with a main outlet (3221). The ratio of the flow channel cross-sectional area of ​​the main inlet (3211) and the main outlet (3221) is between 0.8 and 1.

2.

37. The battery pack as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The overlapping area of ​​the battery projection and the curved tube projection is Scm. 2， Then Scm 2 It is 5.6cm 2 ~115.5cm 2 ; And / or, Acm ranges from 3cm to 10cm; And / or, Hcm is 0.4cm to 1cm.

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