Electric equipment, perovskite battery and preparation method thereof
By introducing scribe lines and etched recesses into perovskite solar cells, the problems of thermal loss and photoelectric conversion efficiency in perovskite solar cells have been solved, resulting in more efficient cell performance and packaging reliability.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511748284.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-06
AI Technical Summary
Existing perovskite solar cells suffer from thermal losses and limited improvements in photoelectric conversion efficiency in tandem sub-cells.
By introducing spaced scribe lines into perovskite solar cells to separate the electrode layer and the cell functional layer, laser etching is used to form etched depressions and scribe lines. By controlling the etching depth and direction, the abnormal morphology of the electrode layer is ensured to not affect the encapsulation, thus achieving effective cell segmentation and series connection.
It effectively reduces thermal loss, improves photoelectric conversion efficiency, avoids micro-short circuits, and enhances the packaging reliability and performance consistency of the battery.
Smart Images
Figure CN121487428A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic device technology, and in particular to an electrical device, a perovskite cell, and a method for preparing the same. Background Technology
[0002] Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) possess excellent carrier mobility, high absorption coefficient, and low-cost solution processing capabilities, making their large-area module fabrication a focus of widespread attention in the industry. In practical applications, perovskite solar cells are typically divided into multiple sub-cells connected in series to reduce thermal losses and improve photoelectric conversion efficiency.
[0003] However, existing perovskite solar cells still need further improvement. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide an electrical device, a perovskite battery, and a method for preparing the same.
[0005] This application discloses a perovskite solar cell, comprising: Base; A first electrode layer is disposed on the substrate and has a plurality of first scribing grooves spaced apart in a first direction to divide the first electrode layer into a plurality of first electrodes. The battery functional layer includes a first carrier transport layer, a perovskite absorption layer, and a second carrier transport layer arranged sequentially along a direction away from the first electrode layer. The second electrode layer is disposed on the side of the battery functional layer away from the substrate; the perovskite battery further includes a plurality of third scribe lines spaced apart in the first direction, the third scribe lines penetrating the second electrode layer to divide the second electrode layer into a plurality of second electrodes; In the first direction, the third scribed groove includes an adjacent first sub-region and a second sub-region. The side of the first sub-region away from the second sub-region is the sidewall of the third scribed groove. At least a portion of the second sub-region has a depth greater than the depth of the first sub-region. The depth of the second sub-region is less than or equal to the thickness of the battery functional layer.
[0006] Optionally, in the first direction, the third scribed groove includes two first sub-regions disposed opposite to each other, with the second sub-region located between the two first sub-regions.
[0007] Optionally, the distance between the surface of the perovskite absorber layer near the substrate and the surface of the second electrode layer away from the substrate is a first distance, the first sub-region penetrates the second carrier transport layer, and the depth of the first sub-region is less than or equal to the first distance.
[0008] Optionally, the distance between the surface of the second carrier transport layer near the substrate and the surface of the second electrode layer away from the substrate is a second distance, and the depth of the first sub-region is less than or equal to the second distance.
[0009] Optionally, the distance between the surface of the first carrier transport layer near the substrate and the surface of the second electrode layer away from the substrate is a third distance, the depth of the first sub-region is less than the third distance, and the first sub-region penetrates the perovskite absorption layer.
[0010] Optionally, the perovskite solar cell further includes battery regions and interconnect regions arranged alternately along the first direction. Each interconnect region includes a first scribe line groove and a third scribe line groove. Each interconnect region also includes a second scribe line groove located between the first scribe line groove and the third scribe line groove in the first direction. The second scribe line groove penetrates the battery functional layer.
[0011] This application discloses a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell, comprising: Provide a base; A first electrode layer, a battery functional layer, and a second electrode layer are sequentially formed along a direction away from the substrate. The battery functional layer includes a first carrier transport layer, a perovskite absorption layer, and a second carrier transport layer sequentially arranged along a direction away from the first electrode layer. The perovskite battery includes multiple etchable regions and multiple non-etchable regions alternately distributed along a first direction. Etching recesses are formed on opposite sides of the area to be etched in the first direction; the etching recesses extend along a second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction; the two etching recesses are adjacent to the non-etched areas on both sides of the area to be etched; the two etching recesses are spaced apart. The area to be etched is etched to remove the portion located between the two etched recesses.
[0012] Optionally, forming the etched recesses includes: The center of the laser spot is moved along a first trajectory located in the area to be etched on the second electrode layer to form an etching depression; the first trajectory is parallel to the second direction; The center of the laser spot is moved along a second trajectory located in the area to be etched on the second electrode layer to form another etching depression, the second trajectory being parallel to the second direction; the distance between the first trajectory and the second trajectory is greater than the size of the laser spot in the first direction.
[0013] Optionally, the etched recess includes a secondary etched area and a retained area in the first direction, the retained area being located between the secondary etched area and the non-etched area, the retained area forming a first sub-region, and the etching of the area to be etched includes: The secondary etched area and the portion between the two etched depressions are etched to form a second sub-region.
[0014] Optionally, etching the secondary etching area and the portion between the two etching recesses includes: The center of the laser spot is moved on the second electrode layer along a third trajectory located in the area to be etched. The third trajectory is parallel to the second direction and is located between the two etched recesses. The center of the laser spot is moved on the second electrode layer along a fourth trajectory located in the area to be etched. The fourth trajectory is parallel to the second direction and is located between the etched recess and the third trajectory. The distance between the first trajectory and the third trajectory is less than the size of the laser spot in the first direction. The distance between the second trajectory and the fourth trajectory is less than the size of the laser spot in the first direction.
[0015] Optionally, the distance between the third trajectory and the fourth trajectory is less than the size of the laser spot in the first direction.
[0016] Optionally, the etched recess forms a first sub-region, and the removal of the portion located between two etched recesses includes: A second sub-region is formed between the two first sub-regions, and at least part of the depth of the second sub-region is greater than the depth of the first sub-region.
[0017] Optionally, forming a second sub-region between the two first sub-regions includes: The center of the laser spot is moved on the second electrode layer along a fifth trajectory located in the area to be etched. The fifth trajectory is parallel to the second direction and is located between the two etched recesses. The distances between the first trajectory and the second trajectory and the fifth trajectory are both equal to the size of the laser spot in the first direction.
[0018] This application discloses an electrical device, including the aforementioned perovskite battery.
[0019] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this specification. Attached Figure Description
[0020] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this specification and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this specification.
[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the perovskite solar cell of this application.
[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The diagram shows an enlarged view of the third scribe line groove of the perovskite solar cell in one embodiment.
[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 1 An enlarged schematic diagram of the third scribe line groove of the perovskite solar cell shown in another embodiment.
[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 1 An enlarged schematic diagram of the third scribe line groove of the perovskite solar cell shown in yet another embodiment.
[0025] Figure 5 for Figure 1 The enlarged schematic diagram of the third scribe line groove of the perovskite solar cell shown in another embodiment.
[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the perovskite solar cell according to an embodiment of this application before etching.
[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of an etched depression formed in the area to be etched in the embodiment of this application.
[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the formation of two etched depressions in the area to be etched in the embodiment of this application.
[0029] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the third scribe groove formed in the embodiment of this application.
[0030] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of sequential etching in another embodiment of this application.
[0031] Figure 11 This is another schematic diagram showing the formation of two etching depressions in the area to be etched in the embodiment of this application.
[0032] Figure 12 This is another schematic diagram after the third scribe groove is formed in the embodiment of this application.
[0033] Reference numerals: 1. Substrate; 2. First electrode layer; 3. Cell functional layer; 301. First carrier transport layer; 302. Perovskite absorber layer; 303. Second carrier transport layer; 4. Second electrode layer; 5. Conductive connector; 6. Area to be etched; 7. Non-etched area; 8. Etched recess; 801. Retained area; 802. Secondary etched area; 9. Laser spot; P1. First scribing groove; P2. Second scribing groove; P3. Third scribing groove; P31. First sub-region; P32. Second sub-region; ar1. Interconnection area; ar2. Cell area; L1. First trajectory; L2. Second trajectory; L3. Third trajectory; L4. Fourth trajectory; L5. Fifth trajectory. Detailed Implementation
[0034] The technical solutions in the embodiments (or "implementations") of this application will be clearly and completely described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements.
[0035] If the embodiments of this application contain terms relating to directional indications or positional relationships (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, inside, outside, top, bottom, center, vertical, horizontal, longitudinal, transverse, length, width, counterclockwise, clockwise, axial, radial, circumferential, etc.), such terms are only used to explain the relative positional relationships and movement of the components in a specific posture (as shown in the attached figures); if the specific posture changes, the directional indications or positional relationships will also change accordingly. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" used in the embodiments of this application are only for descriptive convenience and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0036] This application provides a perovskite solar cell. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the perovskite solar cell may include: a substrate 1; a first electrode layer 2 disposed on the substrate 1; a battery functional layer 3 disposed on the side of the first electrode layer 2 away from the substrate 1; along the direction away from the first electrode layer 2, the battery functional layer 3 includes a first carrier transport layer 301, a perovskite absorption layer 302 and a second carrier transport layer 303 disposed sequentially; and a second electrode layer 4 disposed on the side of the battery functional layer 3 away from the substrate 1.
[0037] In another embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the perovskite solar cell of this application may include: Base 1; The first electrode layer 2 is disposed on the substrate 1 and has a plurality of first scribing grooves P1 spaced apart in a first direction to divide the first electrode layer 2 into a plurality of first electrodes. The battery functional layer 3 includes a first carrier transport layer 301, a perovskite absorption layer 302 and a second carrier transport layer 303 arranged sequentially along a direction away from the first electrode layer 2. The second electrode layer 4 is disposed on the side of the battery functional layer 3 away from the substrate 1; the perovskite battery also includes a plurality of third scribing grooves P3 spaced apart in the first direction, the third scribing grooves P3 penetrating the second electrode layer 4 to divide the second electrode layer 4 into a plurality of second electrodes. In the first direction, such as Figures 2 to 5 As shown, the third scribe groove P3 includes an adjacent first sub-region P31 and a second sub-region P32. The side of the first sub-region P31 away from the second sub-region P32 is the sidewall of the third scribe groove P3. At least part of the depth of the second sub-region P32 is greater than the depth of the first sub-region P31. The depth of the second sub-region P32 is less than or equal to the thickness of the battery functional layer 3.
[0038] For the perovskite solar cell of this application, the third scribe line groove P3 includes an adjacent first sub-region P31 and a second sub-region P32. The side of the first sub-region P31 away from the second sub-region P32 is the sidewall of the third scribe line groove P3. At least part of the depth of the second sub-region P32 is greater than the depth of the first sub-region P31. The depth of the second sub-region P32 is less than or equal to the thickness of the cell functional layer 3. With this configuration, when the edge of the first electrode layer 2 forms an abnormal morphology (metal melting and curling at the edge) during the laser etching process to form the third scribe line groove P3, the first sub-region P31 can prevent these abnormal morphologies from adhering downward to the first electrode layer 2 during the encapsulation lamination process, thus avoiding micro-short circuits.
[0039] The following is a detailed description of each part of the perovskite solar cell.
[0040] The substrate 1 provides mechanical support for all functional layers. The substrate 1 can be a transparent, rigid substrate, and its material can include borosilicate glass, soda-lime glass (visible light transmittance >90%), etc. In another embodiment, the substrate 1 can also be a flexible substrate, and its material can be polyimide (PI), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), etc. The substrate 1 can be rectangular sheet, etc. The substrate 1 allows sunlight to penetrate to the perovskite absorption layer 302, ensuring photoelectric conversion efficiency.
[0041] The first electrode layer 2 is disposed on the substrate 1, for example, the first electrode layer 2 is directly deposited on the upper surface of the substrate 1. The material of the first electrode layer 2 may include a transparent conductive material to balance light transmittance and conductivity. The transparent conductive material may be a transparent conductive oxide (TCO), such as indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), etc., which can be used on a rigid substrate 1. In another embodiment, the transparent conductive material may be a metal nanowire, such as silver nanowires (AgNW, diameter 20nm-50nm), etc., which can be used on a flexible substrate 1.
[0042] The second electrode layer 4 can be disposed opposite to the first electrode layer 2. The material of the second electrode layer 4 can be a material with high conductivity and low work function, such as copper (Cu), gold (Au), molybdenum (Au), silver (Ag), etc., to ensure rapid electron collection. Furthermore, the material of the second electrode layer 4 can also include graphene, carbon paste (graphite + carbon nanotubes), etc. In one embodiment, the first electrode layer 2 can be an anode layer, and the second electrode layer 4 can be a cathode layer. In another embodiment, the first electrode layer 2 can be a cathode layer, and the second electrode layer 4 can be an anode layer.
[0043] The battery functional layer 3 is located between the first electrode layer 2 and the second electrode layer 4. The battery functional layer 3 may include a perovskite absorber layer 302. This perovskite absorber layer 302 can absorb sunlight (e.g., visible light in the 400nm-800nm range) and generate electron-hole pairs through photodissociation. The material of the perovskite absorber layer 302 can be a perovskite material with bandgap matching and high carrier lifetime. This perovskite material may include organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites, such as methylamine lead iodide (MAPbI3) and formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3), or it may include all-inorganic perovskites, such as cesium lead iodide (CsPbI3) and cesium lead bromine iodide.
[0044] The color of the perovskite absorbing layer is related to its thickness. For example, a thicker perovskite absorbing layer results in a darker color, while a thinner layer produces a lighter color. Generally, a darker color indicates higher light absorption efficiency, leading to higher photoelectric conversion efficiency in the perovskite solar cell. However, a darker color makes achieving transparency more difficult.
[0045] The battery functional layer 3 further includes a first carrier transport layer 301 and a second carrier transport layer 303. The first carrier transport layer 301 is located between the first electrode layer 2 and the battery functional layer 3. The second carrier transport layer 303 is located between the second electrode layer 4 and the battery functional layer 3. Taking the first electrode layer 2 as the anode layer and the second electrode layer 4 as the cathode layer as an example, the first carrier transport layer 301 can be a hole transport layer, and the second carrier transport layer 303 can be an electron transport layer. Taking the first electrode layer 2 as the cathode layer and the second electrode layer 4 as the anode layer as an example, the first carrier transport layer 301 can be an electron transport layer, and the second carrier transport layer 303 can be a hole transport layer.
[0046] The hole transport layer described above can be made of materials with high hole mobility and low electron affinity to ensure rapid hole transport and prevent electron back diffusion. Specifically, the hole transport layer can include organic materials, such as polytriarylamine (PTAA), or inorganic materials, such as nickel oxide (NiOx) and cuprous iodide (CuI). This hole transport layer can collect holes generated by the perovskite absorber layer 302.
[0047] The electron transport layer described above can be made of materials with high electron mobility and high conduction band energy levels to ensure rapid electron transport and prevent hole back diffusion. Specifically, the electron transport layer can include inorganic semiconductors, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2) and tin dioxide (SnO2). Of course, the electron transport layer can also include organic semiconductors, such as fullerene derivatives (e.g., ICBA).
[0048] When light shines on the perovskite light-absorbing layer, photons are absorbed and electron-hole pairs are formed. These electrons and holes rapidly separate within the perovskite light-absorbing layer; electrons are transported to the cathode layer through the electron transport layer, and holes are transported to the anode layer through the hole transport layer. As electrons and holes accumulate in the anode and cathode layers, an electromotive force is generated. When the perovskite solar cell is connected to an external electrical device, a photocurrent is generated, enabling the perovskite solar cell to power the device.
[0049] The perovskite solar cell may include multiple cell regions ar2 and interconnection regions ar1. In a first direction parallel to the substrate 1, the cell regions ar2 and interconnection regions ar1 are arranged alternately. Each cell region ar2 constitutes a cell unit. In each interconnection region ar1, the perovskite solar cell may include a first scribed groove P1, a second scribed groove P2, and a third scribed groove P3 arranged sequentially along the first direction.
[0050] The first scribing groove P1 is disposed on the first electrode layer 2. The orthographic projection of the first scribing groove P1 onto the substrate 1 is strip-shaped and extends along a second direction. The second direction is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the first direction. The first scribing groove P1 penetrates the first electrode layer 2 to divide the first electrode layer 2 into a plurality of spaced-apart first electrodes, such as the first to the nth first electrodes.
[0051] The opening of the third scribing groove P3 is located on the surface of the second electrode layer 4 facing away from the substrate 1. The orthographic projection of the third scribing groove P3 on the substrate 1 is strip-shaped and extends along the second direction, and the orthographic projection of the third scribing groove P3 on the substrate 1 is spaced apart from the orthographic projection of the first scribing groove P1 on the substrate 1. The third scribing groove P3 penetrates at least through the second electrode layer 4 to divide the second electrode layer 4 into a plurality of spaced second electrodes, such as the first to the nth second electrodes. The plurality of second electrodes correspond one-to-one with the plurality of first electrodes.
[0052] In the first direction, such as Figures 2 to 5 As shown, the third scribed groove P3 includes adjacent first sub-regions P31 and P32. The side of the first sub-region P31 away from the second sub-region P32 forms the sidewall of the third scribed groove P3. At least a portion of the depth of the second sub-region P32 is greater than the depth of the first sub-region P31, and the depth of the second sub-region P32 is less than or equal to the thickness of the battery functional layer 3. Both the first sub-region P31 and the second sub-region P32 penetrate the first electrode layer 2. Both the first sub-region P31 and the second sub-region P32 are strip-shaped and extend along a second direction. In the first direction, the size (width) of the first sub-region P31 is smaller than the size (width) of the second sub-region P32. Further, in the first direction, the third scribed groove P3 includes two opposing first sub-regions P31, with the second sub-region P32 located between the two first sub-regions P31.
[0053] In one implementation, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the distance between the surface of the perovskite absorber layer 302 near the substrate 1 and the surface of the second electrode layer 4 away from the substrate 1 is the first distance. The first sub-region P31 penetrates the second carrier transport layer 303, and the depth of the first sub-region P31 is less than or equal to the first distance.
[0054] In another embodiment, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the distance between the surface of the second carrier transport layer 303 near the substrate 1 and the surface of the second electrode layer 4 away from the substrate 1 is the second distance, and the depth of the first sub-region P31 is less than or equal to the second distance.
[0055] In yet another implementation, such as Figure 5As shown, the distance between the surface of the first carrier transport layer 301 near the substrate 1 and the surface of the second electrode layer 4 away from the substrate 1 is the third distance. The depth of the first sub-region P31 is less than the third distance, and the first sub-region P31 penetrates the perovskite absorption layer 302.
[0056] The second scribe line P2 penetrates the battery functional layer 3. The orthographic projection of the third scribe line P3 onto the substrate 1 is strip-shaped and extends along the second direction. The orthographic projection of the second scribe line P2 onto the substrate 1 lies between the orthographic projections of the first scribe line P1 and the third scribe line P3 onto the substrate 1. The perovskite battery of this application also includes a conductive connector 5 disposed in the second scribe line P2. For two adjacent battery cells (battery region ar2), the second electrode of one battery cell is electrically connected to the first electrode of the other battery cell through the conductive connector 5, so that the two adjacent battery cells are connected in series. The conductive connector 5 can be integrally formed with the first electrode layer 2 mentioned above.
[0057] This application also provides a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell, used to prepare the perovskite solar cell of any of the above embodiments. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the preparation method may include steps S10-S40: Step S10: Provide substrate 1; Step S20: A first electrode layer 2, a battery functional layer 3, and a second electrode layer 4 are sequentially formed along a direction away from the substrate 1. The battery functional layer 3 includes a first carrier transport layer 301, a perovskite absorption layer 302, and a second carrier transport layer 303 sequentially arranged along a direction away from the first electrode layer 2. The perovskite battery includes multiple etchable regions 6 and multiple non-etchable regions 7 alternately distributed along the first direction (see...). Figure 6 ); Step S30: Form etching depressions 8 on opposite sides of the area to be etched 6 in the first direction (see...) Figure 8 The etching recess 8 extends along the second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction; the two etching recesses 8 are adjacent to the non-etched areas 7 on both sides of the area to be etched 6; the two etching recesses 8 are spaced apart. Step S40: Etch the area to be etched 6 to remove the portion located between the two etched recesses 8.
[0058] The preparation method of this application involves first etching to form etched depressions 8, and then removing the portion located between two etched depressions 8. With this arrangement, the heat generated during the etching process can be transferred to the surroundings during the etching process to form each etched depression 8. This allows the morphology of the non-etched area 7 sidewalls on both sides of the area to be etched to be more uniform due to the heat transfer effect, thus making the morphology of the non-etched area 7 sidewalls on both sides of the area to be etched to be more uniform, thereby making the performance on both sides more uniform.
[0059] The preparation method of this application is described in detail below: In step S20 above, each area to be etched 6 corresponds to a third scribing groove P3.
[0060] In step S30 above, such as Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the etched recesses 8 extend along the second direction, meaning they are strip-shaped. Two etched recesses 8 are adjacent to the non-etched areas 7 on either side of the area to be etched 6 in a one-to-one correspondence. Specifically, one etched recess 8 is adjacent to a non-etched area 7 on one side of the area to be etched 6, and the other etched recess 8 is adjacent to a non-etched area 7 on the other side of the area to be etched 6. The widths of the two etched recesses 8 can be the same. The two etched recesses 8 are spaced apart; the distance between the two etched recesses 8 can be greater than the dimension of a single etched recess 8 in the first direction (the width of the etched recess 8), or it can be equal to the dimension of a single etched recess 8 in the first direction.
[0061] Specifically, step S30 may include steps S301-S302: Step S301, as follows Figure 7 As shown, the center of the laser spot 9 is moved along the first trajectory L1 located in the area to be etched 6 on the second electrode layer 4 to form an etching recess 8; the first trajectory L1 is parallel to the second direction.
[0062] This application can employ laser etching technology for etching. The laser spot 9 can be circular, elliptical, or similar in shape. The center of the laser spot 9 can be the center of the circle of the laser spot 9. The width of the laser spot 9 in the first direction (the diameter of the laser spot 9) can be 12 μm, 15 μm, or similar. The width of the first etched recess 8 can be equal to the width of the laser spot 9 in the first direction. The first trajectory L1 is a straight line or a roughly straight line.
[0063] Step S302, as follows Figure 8 As shown, the center of the laser spot 9 is moved along the second trajectory L2 located in the area to be etched 6 on the second electrode layer 4 to form another etched depression 8. The second trajectory L2 is parallel to the second direction. The distance between the first trajectory L1 and the second trajectory L2 is greater than the size of the laser spot 9 in the first direction.
[0064] The second trajectory L2 is a straight line or a roughly straight line. The moving speed of the laser spot 9 on the second trajectory L2 can be the same as the moving speed of the laser spot 9 on the first trajectory L1.
[0065] In step S40 above, after the etched area 6 is etched again, the third scribing groove P3 is formed.
[0066] In one implementation, such as Figure 8 As shown, the etched recess 8 includes a secondary etched area 802 and a retention area 801 in the first direction. The retention area 801 is located between the secondary etched area 802 and the non-etched area 7. The retention area 801 forms the first sub-region P31 mentioned above. The step S40 mentioned above may include: etching the secondary etched area 802 and the portion between the two etched recesses 8 to form the second sub-region P32 mentioned above.
[0067] Specifically, etching the secondary etching area 802 and the portion between the two etching recesses 8 may include steps S401A-S401B: Step S401A, as follows Figure 9 As shown, the center of the laser spot 9 is moved along the third trajectory L3 located in the area to be etched 6 on the second electrode layer 4. The third trajectory L3 is parallel to the second direction and is located between the two etched depressions 8. Step S401B, as follows Figure 9 As shown, the center of the laser spot 9 is moved along the fourth trajectory L4 located in the area to be etched 6 on the second electrode layer 4. The fourth trajectory L4 is parallel to the second direction and is located between the etching recess 8 and the third trajectory L3. The distance between the first trajectory L1 and the third trajectory L3 is less than the size of the laser spot 9 in the first direction. The distance between the second trajectory L2 and the fourth trajectory L4 is less than the size of the laser spot 9 in the first direction. The distance between the third trajectory L3 and the fourth trajectory L4 is less than the size of the laser spot 9 in the first direction.
[0068] Since the distance between the first trajectory L1 and the third trajectory L3 is less than the size of the laser spot 9 in the first direction, the paths of the laser spot 9 moving along the first trajectory L1 and the laser spot 9 moving along the third trajectory L3 overlap. This overlapping area is the secondary etching region 802 of the aforementioned etching recess 8. The paths of the laser spot 9 moving along the second trajectory L2 and the laser spot 9 moving along the fourth trajectory L4 overlap. This overlapping region is the secondary etching region 802 of the aforementioned etching recess 8. In the aforementioned overlapping region, the laser spot 9 is etched twice, making the depth of this region greater than the depth of the retention region 801, thereby making at least part of the depth of the second sub-region P32 greater than the depth of the first sub-region P31. Furthermore, in the above four trajectories, the distance between any two adjacent trajectories is equal, and the distance between any two adjacent trajectories can be greater than or equal to 1 / 2 of the size of the laser spot 9 in the first direction. For example, the distance between any two adjacent trajectories can be equal to 0.6 times the size of the laser spot 9 in the first direction. In yet another implementation, such as Figure 10As shown, the first trajectory L1, the second trajectory L2, the third trajectory L3, and the fourth trajectory L4 are arranged sequentially in the first direction. That is, the center of the laser spot 9 is first moved along the first trajectory L1, then the center of the laser spot 9 is moved along the second trajectory L2, then the center of the laser spot 9 is moved along the third trajectory L3, and then the center of the laser spot 9 is moved along the fourth trajectory L4.
[0069] In another embodiment, such as Figure 11 As shown ( Figure 11 In the above-mentioned step S40, the distance between the first trajectory L1 and the second trajectory L2 is equal to twice the size of the laser spot 9 in the first direction. The aforementioned etched recess 8 forms a first sub-region P31. Step S40 may include forming a second sub-region P32 between the two first sub-regions P31, where at least a portion of the second sub-region P32 has a depth greater than the depth of the first sub-region P31. Specifically, as... Figure 12 As shown, this application allows the center of the laser spot 9 to move along the fifth trajectory L5 located in the area to be etched 6 on the second electrode layer 4. The fifth trajectory L5 is parallel to the second direction and is located between the two etching recesses 8. The distances between the first trajectory L1 and the second trajectory L2 and the fifth trajectory L5 are both equal to the size of the laser spot 9 in the first direction. This application can control the moving speed of the laser spot 9 on the fifth trajectory L5 to be less than the moving speed of the laser spot 9 on the first trajectory L1 or the second trajectory L2, thereby making the etching depth of the second sub-region P32 greater than the etching depth of the first sub-region P31.
[0070] This application also provides an electrical device, which may include an electrical appliance and a perovskite battery as described in the above embodiments. The perovskite battery is connected to the electrical appliance to supply power to it. The electrical device can be a common device that includes a perovskite battery, such as devices in the fields of communication, transportation, industry and agriculture, and lighting. Examples of electrical devices include satellites, communication equipment, traffic lights, lighthouses, wireless telephone booths, monitoring equipment in the oil drilling field, power systems, camping lights, electric vehicles, electronic device chargers, and building facades.
[0071] It should be noted that the technical solutions or features described in the above embodiments can be combined or supplemented with each other without conflict. The scope of protection of this application is not limited to the precise structures described in the above embodiments and shown in the accompanying drawings; all modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.
Claims
1. A perovskite solar cell, characterized in that, include: Base; A first electrode layer is disposed on the substrate and has a plurality of first scribing grooves spaced apart in a first direction to divide the first electrode layer into a plurality of first electrodes. The battery functional layer includes a first carrier transport layer, a perovskite absorption layer, and a second carrier transport layer arranged sequentially along a direction away from the first electrode layer. The second electrode layer is disposed on the side of the battery functional layer away from the substrate; the perovskite battery further includes a plurality of third scribe lines spaced apart in the first direction, the third scribe lines penetrating the second electrode layer to divide the second electrode layer into a plurality of second electrodes; In the first direction, the third scribed groove includes an adjacent first sub-region and a second sub-region. The side of the first sub-region away from the second sub-region is the sidewall of the third scribed groove. At least a portion of the second sub-region has a depth greater than the depth of the first sub-region. The depth of the second sub-region is less than or equal to the thickness of the battery functional layer.
2. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the first direction, the third scribed groove includes two first sub-regions disposed opposite to each other, and the second sub-region is located between the two first sub-regions.
3. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the surface of the perovskite absorber layer near the substrate and the surface of the second electrode layer away from the substrate is a first distance. The first sub-region penetrates the second carrier transport layer, and the depth of the first sub-region is less than or equal to the first distance.
4. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the surface of the second carrier transport layer near the substrate and the surface of the second electrode layer away from the substrate is the second distance, and the depth of the first sub-region is less than or equal to the second distance.
5. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the surface of the first carrier transport layer near the substrate and the surface of the second electrode layer away from the substrate is a third distance. The depth of the first sub-region is less than the third distance, and the first sub-region penetrates the perovskite absorption layer.
6. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The perovskite solar cell further includes cell regions and interconnect regions arranged alternately along the first direction. Each interconnect region includes a first scribe line groove and a third scribe line groove. Each interconnect region also includes a second scribe line groove located between the first scribe line groove and the third scribe line groove in the first direction. The second scribe line groove penetrates the cell functional layer.
7. A method for preparing a perovskite solar cell, characterized in that, include: Provide a base; A first electrode layer, a battery functional layer, and a second electrode layer are sequentially formed along a direction away from the substrate. The battery functional layer includes a first carrier transport layer, a perovskite absorption layer, and a second carrier transport layer sequentially arranged along a direction away from the first electrode layer. The perovskite battery includes multiple etchable regions and multiple non-etchable regions alternately distributed along a first direction. Etching recesses are formed on opposite sides of the area to be etched in the first direction; the etching recesses extend along a second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction; the two etching recesses are adjacent to the non-etched areas on both sides of the area to be etched; the two etching recesses are spaced apart. The area to be etched is etched to remove the portion located between the two etched recesses.
8. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 7, characterized in that, The formation of etched depressions includes: The center of the laser spot is moved along a first trajectory located in the area to be etched on the second electrode layer to form an etching depression; the first trajectory is parallel to the second direction; The center of the laser spot is moved along a second trajectory located in the area to be etched on the second electrode layer to form another etching depression, the second trajectory being parallel to the second direction; the distance between the first trajectory and the second trajectory is greater than the size of the laser spot in the first direction.
9. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The etched recess includes a secondary etched area and a retention area in the first direction. The retention area is located between the secondary etched area and the non-etched area, and the retention area forms a first sub-region. Etching the area to be etched includes: The secondary etched area and the portion between the two etched depressions are etched to form a second sub-region.
10. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 9, characterized in that, The etching of the secondary etching area and the portion between the two etching recesses includes: The center of the laser spot is moved on the second electrode layer along a third trajectory located in the area to be etched. The third trajectory is parallel to the second direction and is located between the two etched recesses. The center of the laser spot is moved on the second electrode layer along a fourth trajectory located in the area to be etched. The fourth trajectory is parallel to the second direction and is located between the etched recess and the third trajectory. The distance between the first trajectory and the third trajectory is less than the size of the laser spot in the first direction. The distance between the second trajectory and the fourth trajectory is less than the size of the laser spot in the first direction.
11. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 10, characterized in that, The distance between the third trajectory and the fourth trajectory is less than the size of the laser spot in the first direction.
12. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The etched recesses form a first sub-region, and the removal of the portion located between the two etched recesses includes: A second sub-region is formed between the two first sub-regions, and at least part of the depth of the second sub-region is greater than the depth of the first sub-region.
13. The method for preparing a perovskite solar cell according to claim 12, characterized in that, The formation of a second sub-region between the two first sub-regions includes: The center of the laser spot is moved on the second electrode layer along a fifth trajectory located in the area to be etched. The fifth trajectory is parallel to the second direction and is located between the two etched recesses. The distances between the first trajectory and the second trajectory and the fifth trajectory are both equal to the size of the laser spot in the first direction.
14. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, Includes the perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1-6.