Preparation for promoting growth of plants at low temperature and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation for promoting growth of plants at low temperature and application of the preparation, and relates to the technical field of plant growth regulators. The preparation takes MXene as a main component, and the unique material structure and function of MXene can be utilized, so that the preparation has the effects of improving the cold resistance of seeds, relieving active oxygen accumulation in the seed germination process caused by low temperature, promoting germination, improving the antioxidant enzyme activity and promoting full seedling after one-time sowing, and is particularly suitable for the spring planting process of corn; in order to solve the problem that low-temperature seed germination is difficult in spring corn production, so that the corn seedling emergence is poor, and the corn yield is reduced, an effective solution is provided, and the method has a positive promoting effect on promoting high and stable yield of corn.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of plant growth regulators, and more particularly to a formulation that promotes plant growth at low temperatures and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Maize (Zea mays L.) is my country's largest crop, accounting for approximately 23% of global production annually. Maize is an important multi-purpose crop in my country, serving as both food and feed, and plays a vital role in ensuring national food security and promoting economic and social development.

[0003] Low-temperature chilling injury is a frequent and serious agro-meteorological disaster in spring maize production. Although global temperatures are generally rising, sudden and drastic changes in temperature are increasing the risk of low-temperature disasters, exacerbating the threat to spring maize production. Low-temperature chilling injury not only affects the physiological metabolic processes of maize but also inhibits the accumulation of organic matter. In northern regions, the most prominent damage caused by low temperatures in spring maize production is the impact on seed germination and normal seedling growth. The combined effects of low temperatures on these two stages lead to reduced emergence rate and decreased uniformity of emergence, causing significant losses to maize production. Therefore, conducting research on maize cold resistance, especially on cold resistance during the germination stage, is of great significance for improving maize seedling quality, preventing and mitigating disaster losses, ensuring food security, and ensuring sustainable agricultural production.

[0004] In view of this, it is necessary to design an improved formulation for promoting plant growth at low temperatures and its application in order to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a formulation for promoting plant growth under low temperature conditions and its application.

[0006] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides an formulation for promoting plant growth under low temperatures, comprising the active ingredient MXene at a concentration of 5-25 mg / L. Preferably, the concentration of MXene is 15 mg / L.

[0007] Preferably, MXene is Ti3C2.

[0008] Preferably, the formulation further includes a synergist, which includes a solubilizer and a spreader.

[0009] Preferably, the concentration of the co-solvent in the synergist is 100-200 mL / L, and it is one or more of methanol, ethanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide.

[0010] Preferably, the concentration of the adhesive in the synergist is 1-5 mL / L, and it is one or more of Tween 20, Tween 60, and Triton 100.

[0011] Secondly, the formulation for promoting plant growth under low temperature provided by the present invention can be applied to at least one aspect of Q1-Q5:

[0012] Q1. Applications in improving seed germination rate;

[0013] Q2. Application in accelerating the growth of seed radicles and plumules;

[0014] Q3. Application in enhancing the activity of plant antioxidant enzymes;

[0015] Q4. Applications to reduce the content of reactive oxygen species in plants;

[0016] Q5. Application in improving the low-temperature resistance of seeds.

[0017] Specifically, the application method of the preparation for promoting plant growth at low temperatures is as follows: the preparation for promoting plant growth at low temperatures is used as a seed soaking solution for plant seeds, sprayed on the surface of plant seeds, or used as a seed coating.

[0018] Furthermore, the plant seeds are selected from any one or more of (1)-(6):

[0019] (1) Dicotyledons;

[0020] (2) Monocotyledonous plants.

[0021] Thirdly, the present invention provides a specific application method, which is carried out in the following manner: the plant seeds are soaked in the preparation that promotes plant growth at low temperature, and 200 mL of the compound preparation is used for every 1 kg of plant seeds during the treatment.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0023] 1. The formulation for promoting plant growth under low temperature provided by this invention includes MXene as its active ingredient. Utilizing the unique material structure and function of MXene, the formulation can improve seed cold resistance, reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species during seed germination caused by low temperature and promote germination, increase antioxidant enzyme activity, and promote full seedling emergence. It is particularly suitable for spring planting of maize and provides an effective solution to the problem of poor seedling emergence and reduced maize yield caused by low temperature in spring maize production. It has a positive role in promoting high and stable maize yields.

[0024] 2. The formulation for promoting plant growth under low temperature provided by this invention can be used for seed initiation to ensure uniform and strong seedlings. At the same time, the regulator is safe and environmentally friendly, leaves little residue in the field, has little impact on subsequent crops, and its main active ingredients are easy to obtain, low in cost, and have significant effects. It is easy to operate and promote its application.

[0025] 3. The formulation for promoting plant growth at low temperatures provided by this invention can effectively solve the problem that existing regulators cannot effectively improve seed germination rate at low temperatures, and has the advantages of being environmentally friendly and cost-effective. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a graph showing the change in seed germination rate with MXene solution concentration in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the growth of seed radicles and plumules after treatment with different concentrations of MXene solution in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 This is the result of the growth of maize radicle and plumule after germination at 15℃ for 7 days in Example 2 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is an example of the germination and uniformity of maize seeds under different sowing periods in Example 4 of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a characterization diagram of the expression level analysis of genes ZmDREB1, ZmHSF1, ZmbZIP86 and ZmEREB133 in Example 5 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0032] It should also be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention with unnecessary details, only the structures and / or processing steps closely related to the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, while other details that are not closely related to the present invention are omitted.

[0033] Additionally, it should be noted that the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0034] As one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a formulation for promoting plant growth under low temperature conditions, comprising the active ingredient MXene, wherein the concentration of MXene in the formulation is 5-25 mg / L, preferably 15 mg / L; MXene can be Ti3C2 or other similar two-dimensional materials, and the specific type of substance can be selected according to the actual application requirements.

[0035] In some embodiments, the formulation for promoting plant growth under low temperatures further includes a synergist, which comprises a solubilizer and a spreading agent. Specifically, the concentration of the solubilizer in the synergist is 100-200 mL / L, and it is one or more of methanol, ethanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide; the concentration of the spreading agent in the synergist is 1-5 mL / L, and it is one or more of Tween 20, Tween 60, and Triton-100. It should be noted that, in addition to the above-mentioned components, other components may be introduced into the synergist according to actual needs.

[0036] In some embodiments, the dosage form of the formulation may be a liquid, emulsion, suspension, powder, granule, wettable powder, or water-dispersible granule, etc.

[0037] In some embodiments, MXene is prepared as follows: 3.2 g of lithium fluoride is mixed with 40 mL of 9 M hydrochloric acid solution and magnetically stirred at 40 °C for 15-20 min at a stirring speed of 550-750 rpm. During stirring, 2 g of titanium aluminum carbide is added to the mixture in 10 portions. After each addition, the bubbles are allowed to completely disappear before adding more to ensure complete reaction. After all the titanium aluminum carbide has been added, the reaction continues for 48 h. After the reaction is complete, Ti3C2 MXene is obtained by centrifugation, washing, and filtration. The Ti3C2 MXene is then ultrasonically dispersed to obtain a monolayer MXene dispersion. In other embodiments, other methods can also be used to prepare MXene. The specific preparation method can be selected according to the type of MXene and is not limited thereto.

[0038] In particular, the formulation for promoting plant growth under low temperature proposed in this invention has the following functions:

[0039] P1. Improve seed germination rate;

[0040] P2. Accelerates the growth of seed radicle and plumule;

[0041] P3. Enhances the activity of plant antioxidant enzymes;

[0042] P4. Reduces the content of reactive oxygen species in plants;

[0043] P5. Improve the seed's resistance to low temperatures.

[0044] The formulation for promoting plant growth under low temperature proposed in this invention can be applied to at least one aspect of Q1-Q5:

[0045] Q1. Applications in improving seed germination rate;

[0046] Q2. Application in accelerating the growth of seed radicles and plumules;

[0047] Q3. Application in enhancing the activity of plant antioxidant enzymes;

[0048] Q4. Applications to reduce the content of reactive oxygen species in plants;

[0049] Q5. Application in improving the low-temperature resistance of seeds.

[0050] As another aspect of the present invention, the present invention also provides a method for applying the above-mentioned preparation for promoting plant growth at low temperatures, which involves using the preparation for seed soaking, spraying, or as a seed coating. Applicable plants are dicotyledonous or monocotyledonous plants; preferably, plants of the order Poales; more preferably, plants of the family Poaceae; even more preferably, plants of the genus *Zea*; and most preferably, maize.

[0051] Specifically, the above-mentioned compound preparation is used to soak corn seeds. During the treatment, 200 mL of the compound preparation is used per 1 kg of corn seeds. The compound preparation is diluted with water and then directly mixed with the corn seeds. The specific dilution ratio can be selected according to the soaking time, and is not limited to this here; or the compound preparation can be used as a coating agent, in which case 40 mL of the solution is used per kg of seeds.

[0052] The following specific embodiments further illustrate the formulation for promoting plant growth under low temperatures proposed in this invention and its applications:

[0053] Example 1

[0054] This embodiment proposes a formulation for promoting plant growth under low temperature conditions, the active ingredient of which is MXene, and the specific preparation method is as follows:

[0055] Mix 3.2g of lithium fluoride with 40mL of 9M hydrochloric acid solution and stir magnetically at 40℃ for 15-20min at a stirring speed of 550-750rpm. During the stirring process, add 2g of titanium aluminum carbide to the above mixed solution in 10 portions. After each addition, wait until the bubbles have completely disappeared before adding more to ensure complete reaction. After all the titanium aluminum carbide has been added, continue the reaction for 48h.

[0056] After the reaction was completed, the reaction solution was centrifuged at 3500 rpm at room temperature for 1 min, the supernatant was discarded, 20-40 mL of 2M dilute hydrochloric acid was added for acid washing, the mixture was shaken well, and centrifuged at 3500 rpm at room temperature for 1 min, the supernatant was discarded, and the operation was repeated 3 times. The above steps were repeated with ultrapure water until the pH of the supernatant was >6.5. A 0.22 mm aqueous filter membrane was placed in the Buchner funnel, the solid precipitate from the previous step was poured in, and the mixture was washed with a small amount of ultrapure water, filtered, and the water was removed to obtain Ti3C2 MXene.

[0057] Add an appropriate amount of ultrapure water to the above product, mix thoroughly, and centrifuge at 3500 rpm at room temperature for 5 min. After centrifugation, obtain the upper black supernatant. If the supernatant is not black, reduce the speed and centrifuge again until enough black supernatant is obtained.

[0058] Pour all the black supernatant from the previous step into a gas washing bottle. Connect the long end of the tube to argon gas and the short end to atmospheric gas, and bubble and ventilate thoroughly for 1 minute. After ventilation, clamp both ends of the tube and place the bottle in an ultrasonic instrument containing an ice-water mixture for ultrasonication at a power of 150W, a frequency of 40kHz, and a duration of 1 hour. During this period, shake the gas washing bottle every 10 minutes and add ice to prevent oxidation.

[0059] After sonication, the supernatant was transferred to a 50 mL centrifuge tube, shaken well, and centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 30 min. The supernatant was then poured into a sealed bottle to obtain a monolayer Ti3C2 MXene dispersion.

[0060] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the reagents in this embodiment can all be obtained through commercial purchase.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] This embodiment investigated the effects of MXene solution on low-temperature germination and seedling growth of maize. Specifically, MXene solution was used as the maize seed soaking solution, with concentrations of 0 mg / L, 5 mg / L, 15 mg / L, 25 mg / L, and 100 mg / L. A water group was used as the control group. The specific method is as follows:

[0063] 1. Formulation of the preparation

[0064] Different volumes of MXene stock solution were taken and diluted with deionized water to prepare MXene solutions with concentrations of 0 mg / L, 5 mg / L, 15 mg / L, 25 mg / L, and 100 mg / L.

[0065] 2. Material pretreatment

[0066] 2.1 Select healthy, uniform corn seeds;

[0067] 2.2 Place 120 corn seeds into a beaker and sterilize with 3% hydrogen peroxide solution for 1 hour, then discard the solution;

[0068] 2.3 Pour MXene solutions of different concentrations into corresponding beakers and soak for 12 hours;

[0069] 3. Material cultivation

[0070] The seeds were evenly placed in the germination box and placed in incubators at different temperatures of 4℃, 8℃, 15℃ and 25℃ for low-temperature culture. The germination status of the seeds was observed every day, and the germination rate was counted on the 7th day.

[0071] 4. Data processing and analysis

[0072] All data were statistically analyzed using R language. The Duncan method was used for multiple comparisons, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

[0073] Table 1 shows the seed germination rates after treatment with different concentrations of MXene solutions at different temperatures on day 7. The results indicate that seed germination accelerates with increasing temperature, while seeds at 4℃ and 8℃ show virtually no germination. At the same temperature, germination initially increases with increasing MXene concentration and then remains constant, with 15 mg / L showing the best effect. Concentrations exceeding 50 mg / L tend to inhibit germination. Different letters in the table represent significant differences in seed germination rates among different MXene concentrations at the same temperature (Duncan's, P < 0.05).

[0074] Table 1. Seed germination rate after treatment with different concentrations of MXene solution at different temperatures.

[0075]

[0076] Seed germination rate varies with MXene solution concentration at different treatment temperatures, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, applying different concentrations of MXene at different temperatures has a significant effect on the time when seeds begin to germinate. Corn treated with MXene at 4℃ and 8℃ began to germinate on the 3rd day, while at 15℃ and 25℃, it began to germinate on the 2nd day, both significantly earlier than the 0 mg / L control treatment. In terms of germination rate, the 15 mg / L solution was greater than the 25 mg / L solution, which was greater than the 5 mg / L solution, which was greater than the 100 mg / L solution.

[0077] The growth of seed radicles and plumules after treatment with different concentrations of MXene solution at 15℃ is shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the results indicate that the lengths of the radicle and plumule first increase and then decrease with increasing concentration. The longest plumule and radicle lengths were observed at 15 mg / L, followed by 25 mg / L, but the difference between the two concentrations was not significant. In particular, MXene at 15 mg / L significantly promoted the growth of secondary seed roots, showing a significant difference compared to 25 mg / L.

[0078] After germination at 15℃ for 7 days, the growth of the maize radicle and plumule is as follows: Figure 3As shown, the effects of different concentrations of MXene on seed germination rate decreased, but in terms of radicle and plumule growth, the length of both plumule and radicle showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with increasing concentration. 15 mg / L and 25 mg / L MXene showed the best promoting effect on plumule length with no significant difference. While the 15 mg / L treatment was superior to the 25 mg / L treatment in terms of radicle length, the difference was not significant.

[0079] Example 3

[0080] This embodiment investigated the effects of MXene solution on the antioxidant physiological characteristics of maize seeds at low temperatures. Specifically, MXene solution was used as the maize seed soaking solution, with concentrations of 0 mg / L, 5 mg / L, 15 mg / L, and 25 mg / L. A water group served as the control group. The specific method is as follows:

[0081] 1. Formulation of the preparation

[0082] Different volumes of MXene stock solution were taken and diluted with deionized water to prepare MXene solutions with concentrations of 0 mg / L, 5 mg / L, 15 mg / L, and 25 mg / L.

[0083] 2. Material pretreatment

[0084] 2.1 Select healthy, uniform corn seeds;

[0085] 2.2 Place 120 corn seeds into a beaker and sterilize with 3% hydrogen peroxide solution for 1 hour, then discard the solution;

[0086] 2.3 Pour MXene solutions of different concentrations into corresponding beakers and soak for 12 hours;

[0087] 3. Material cultivation

[0088] The seeds were evenly placed in germination boxes and placed in incubators at 8℃ and 15℃ respectively for low-temperature culture. The antioxidant physiological characteristics of the seed embryos were tested on the 5th day.

[0089] 4. Data processing and analysis

[0090] The kinetic methods of spectrophotometry were used to determine CAT activity after low-temperature treatment of seeds by measuring changes in hydrogen peroxide concentration, POD activity by the guaiacol colorimetric method, SOD activity by the NBT photoreaction inhibition method, and ROS content by the 1-naphthylamine colorimetric method. All data were analyzed using ANOVA in SAS 9.2, and multiple comparisons were performed using the LSD method protected by Student's t-test. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

[0091] The specific test results are shown in Table 2. The experimental results indicate that, compared with the control, the inhibitory effect on ROS accumulation in maize seeds significantly increased with increasing MXene concentration. The strongest effects were observed at 8℃ and 15℃ at concentrations of 15 mg / L and 25 mg / L, respectively, with no significant difference between the two concentrations. Simultaneously, MXene treatment promoted the activities of CAT, POD, and SOD in maize embryos to varying degrees, with the strongest effect on CAT. Compared with the control group, 5-25 mg / L MXene treatment increased CAT activity by 3.6-5.6 times, POD activity by 2.3-4.3 times, and SOD activity by 1.3-1.9 times. Furthermore, the effects of MXene varied under different temperature conditions. The promoting effect on POD was stronger at 8℃ than at 15℃, while the promoting effect on SOD was stronger at 15℃ than at 8℃. CAT showed similar patterns across different temperatures. This difference in effect may be related to the different response patterns of different enzymes to low temperatures.

[0092] In summary, treating maize seeds with MXene solutions at concentrations of 5-25 mg / L significantly enhances the activity of antioxidant enzymes in immature embryos under low-temperature treatment and reduces ROS content, thereby protecting the embryos and promoting seed germination. This approach is suitable for regulating cold resistance during maize germination. In the table, different letters representing different MXene concentrations at the same temperature show significant differences in the antioxidant physiological characteristics of seed embryos (Duncan's, P<0.05).

[0093] Table 2. Effects of different concentrations of MXene on antioxidant physiological characteristics of seed embryos 5 days after low-temperature treatment.

[0094]

[0095] Example 4

[0096] This embodiment investigated the effects of MXene solution on the antioxidant physiological characteristics of maize seeds at low temperatures. Specifically, MXene solution was used as the maize seed soaking solution, with concentrations of 0 mg / L, 5 mg / L, 15 mg / L, and 25 mg / L. A water group served as the control group. The specific method is as follows:

[0097] 1. Formulation of the preparation

[0098] Different volumes of MXene stock solution were taken and diluted with deionized water to prepare MXene solutions with concentrations of 0 mg / L, 5 mg / L, 15 mg / L, and 25 mg / L.

[0099] 2. Material pretreatment

[0100] 2.1 Select healthy, uniform corn seeds;

[0101] 2.2 Place 120 corn seeds into a beaker and sterilize with 3% hydrogen peroxide solution for 1 hour, then discard the solution;

[0102] 2.3 Pour MXene solutions of different concentrations into corresponding beakers and soak for 12 hours;

[0103] 3. Experimental Design

[0104] In 2023, a field trial was conducted in Sitaizi Donggou, Mengjialing Town, Lishu City, Jilin Province. The experimental seeds used were Xianyu 335, Jingke 968, and Zhengdan 958. Before sowing, the seeds were treated with 5 mg / L, 15 mg / L, and 25 mg / L MXene solutions, using 50 mL of solution per kg of seeds. After treatment, the seeds were air-dried and sown the following day at a density of 6000 plants / mu. Direct sowing was carried out mechanically at a depth of 4 cm. Based on local weather conditions, two sowing dates were set: April 15th (average daily temperature 15-20℃, 5cm soil temperature 10-15℃) and May 5th (average daily temperature 20-23℃, 5cm soil temperature 15-20℃, local standard). Seedlings were dug up 7 days after sowing to observe seed germination, and the emergence rate was investigated at 10 and 15 days.

[0105] The germination and uniformity of maize seeds under different sowing dates are as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the results indicated that the uniformity of seed germination in early-sown (April 15th) maize was significantly lower than that in maize sown at the conventional sowing date. Under early sowing conditions, treatment with 15 mg / L MXene significantly improved the uniformity of seed germination compared to the control. While the germination-promoting effect under the normal sowing date (May 5th) was not as significant as under low temperature, it still showed effects on promoting seed root elongation and root development. The effects of different concentrations of MXene solution on maize emergence rate and the number of secondary roots at different sowing dates are shown in Table 3.

[0106] The results of the field experiment are shown in Table 3, where ae represents the statistical significance of differences between different treatment groups. Compared with the local conventional sowing period, early sowing significantly reduced seed emergence rate and emergence time, with a 16.8% decrease in emergence rate 10 days after sowing and a 5.5% decrease 15 days after sowing. However, seed treatment with 5-25 mg / L MXene solution significantly improved seed emergence rate. Under the normal sowing period, the emergence rate increased by 2.4-5.5% 10 days after sowing and reached over 98% 15 days after sowing. Under the early sowing conditions, seed treatment with 5-25 mg / L MXene solution significantly increased the seed emergence rate by 13.1-14.6% 10 days after sowing and by 11.4-11.8% 15 days after sowing, ultimately reaching over 98% 15 days after sowing, with no significant difference compared to the normal sowing period. Meanwhile, the seed dressing treatment promoted the development and growth of secondary roots. Under the conventional sowing period, the number of secondary roots increased by an average of 2.1 10 days after sowing and 2.3 15 days after sowing. However, under the low temperature and early sowing conditions, the number of secondary roots increased by 1.1-2.5 10 days after sowing and 3-3.4 15 days after sowing.

[0107] Table 3. Effects of different concentrations of MXene solution on emergence rate and number of secondary roots in maize in the field.

[0108]

[0109] In conclusion, the application of MXene seed treatment in the field can significantly improve the germination rate and uniformity of maize, promote the growth and development of secondary roots, and facilitate early sowing of maize to form strong seedlings, thus providing a foundation for extending the maize growing season and creating strong and healthy plants.

[0110] Example 5

[0111] This embodiment investigated the effect of MXene solution on the expression of genes related to low-temperature response in maize seeds. Specifically, MXene solution was used as the maize seed soaking solution at a concentration of 15 mg / L, with a water group serving as the control group. The specific method is as follows:

[0112] 1. Formulation of the preparation

[0113] A certain volume of MXene mother liquor was taken and diluted with deionized water to prepare an MXene solution with a concentration of 15 mg / L.

[0114] 2. Material pretreatment

[0115] 2.1 Select healthy, uniform corn seeds;

[0116] 2.2 Place 120 corn seeds into a beaker and sterilize with 3% hydrogen peroxide solution for 1 hour, then discard the solution;

[0117] 2.3 Pour the MXene solution into a beaker and soak the seeds for 12 hours;

[0118] 3. Material cultivation

[0119] Seeds were evenly placed in germination boxes and placed in incubators at 8℃, 15℃ and room temperature (RT, 25℃) for low-temperature culture. On the 5th day, the expression characteristics of low-temperature response genes in seed embryos were tested.

[0120] 4. Data processing and analysis

[0121] The expression levels of key genes ZmDREB1, ZmHSF1, ZmbZIP86, and ZmEREB133 in maize under different treatments were analyzed using qRT-PCR. All data were analyzed using ANOVA with SAS 9.2, and multiple comparisons were performed using the LSD method protected by Student's t-test. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

[0122] The expression level analysis and characterization diagrams of genes ZmDREB1, ZmHSF1, ZmbZIP86, and ZmEREB133 are shown below. Figure 5 As shown, the results indicated that, compared with the control group, the expression level of the maize low-temperature response gene ZmDREB1 gradually increased with decreasing low-temperature treatment temperature. MXene treatment significantly increased the gene expression level of ZmDREB1, by 0.33, 0.89, and 1.45 times at room temperature, 8℃, and 15℃, respectively. Although low temperature induced the expression of low-temperature response genes ZmHSF1 and ZmEREB133, the expression levels were higher at 15℃ than at 8℃. MXene treatment significantly increased the expression level of ZmH... The expression levels of SF1 and ZmEREB133 increased by 1.71 and 1.13 times, respectively, at 8℃, and by 1.01 and 0.93 times, respectively, at 15℃, indicating that the regulatory effect of MXene is more pronounced at lower temperatures. ZmbZIP68 negatively regulates the cold tolerance of maize, but low-temperature treatment did not significantly regulate the expression level of the ZmbZIP68 gene. MXene, however, significantly reduced the expression level of ZmbZIP68, decreasing it by 65.0%, 66.3%, and 65.6% at room temperature, 8℃, and 15℃, respectively. In conclusion, treating maize seeds with a 15 mg / L MXene solution can significantly increase the expression levels of cold-tolerant genes in immature embryos under low-temperature treatment, while decreasing the expression levels of cold-sensitive genes in maize, thereby improving the cold tolerance of maize seeds.

[0123] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A formulation for promoting plant growth under low temperature conditions, characterized in that, It includes the active ingredient MXene, with a concentration of 5-25 mg / L.

2. The formulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The concentration of MXene was 15 mg / L.

3. The formulation according to claim 2, characterized in that, MXene is Ti3C2.

4. The formulation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The formulation also includes synergists, which include solubilizers and spreaders.

5. The formulation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The concentration of the co-solvent in the synergist is 100-200 mL / L, and it is one or more of methanol, ethanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide.

6. The formulation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The concentration of the adhesive in the synergist is 1-5 mL / L, and it is one or more of Tween 20, Tween 60, and Triton 100.

7. The use of the formulation according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The formulation can be applied to at least one aspect of Q1-Q5: Q1. Applications in improving seed germination rate; Q2. Application in accelerating the growth of seed radicles and plumules; Q3. Application in enhancing the activity of plant antioxidant enzymes; Q4. Applications to reduce the content of reactive oxygen species in plants; Q5. Application in improving the low-temperature resistance of seeds.

8. A method of applying the formulation according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The preparation may be used as a seed soaking solution for plant seeds, sprayed onto the surface of plant seeds, or used as a seed coating.

9. The application method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Plant seeds are selected from any one or more of (1)-(6): (1) Dicotyledons; (2) Monocotyledonous plants.

10. The application method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The process is as follows: the plant seeds are soaked in the preparation described above, with 200 mL of the compound preparation used for every 1 kg of plant seeds.

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