Straw peat treatment method

Abstract

The invention provides a straw peat treatment method, and relates to the field of agricultural waste resource utilization. According to the method, on the basis of the basic principle of natural peat formation, agricultural straw such as corn, rice and wheat straw is subjected to straw soft filament cutting treatment, soft filament straw short-term oxygen consumption fermentation, auxiliary material adding for anaerobic fermentation, water adding for circular washing treatment and straw material dehydration acidification treatment, and then the peat substitute is formed. The peat can replace natural peat to meet the application requirements of agricultural planting, soil fertilization and carbon sequestration, gardening planting and edible fungus cultivation. Meanwhile, natural peat resource exploitation can be effectively reduced, and the peat resource ground carbon library function is protected. A new carbon sequestration and emission reduction technology is provided for treatment of agricultural wastes such as straws, and the resource utilization approach of the agricultural wastes such as straws is expanded.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural waste resource utilization and peat resource utilization, specifically relating to a method for straw peatification treatment. Background Technology

[0002] Peat is an organic deposit formed by the long-term accumulation of plant remains in humid, anaerobic marsh wetlands. Rich in organic matter and plant fiber, and possessing a loose, porous structure with strong adsorption and chelation capabilities, it serves as an excellent growth medium for plants and microorganisms. Its applications in soil improvement, plant cultivation, edible fungi cultivation, and ecological environment management are significant, resulting in substantial market demand. Peat resource areas represent ecosystems with the highest carbon storage per unit area, making them crucial global carbon reservoirs and playing a vital role in reducing carbon emissions and mitigating global warming. Currently, my country heavily relies on peat imports, severely impacting the production costs and economic benefits of related application enterprises. Therefore, developing peatification technologies and peat substitutes is key to resolving the peat supply and demand imbalance.

[0003] Currently, agricultural organic waste such as straw and livestock manure is mainly treated through aerobic composting to form organic fertilizer, and sometimes through fermentation. This method of treating agricultural waste generally results in thorough decomposition of plant residues, leading to a high salt content. While suitable for soil fertilization in agriculture, it lacks the rich plant fiber and porous characteristics of natural peat, making it unsuitable for direct use as a cultivation substrate or for edible fungi cultivation. The basic process of natural peat formation involves the continuous accumulation of swamp plant residues in a high-humidity anaerobic environment. Through the combined effects of aerobic decomposition of plant litter and anaerobic processes caused by flooding, the resulting peat is essentially a relatively stable accumulation of organic residues due to inhibited decomposition. Therefore, drawing on the basic formation mechanism of natural peat, developing a peatification method for straw resources to form an innovative "carbon sequestration and emission reduction" technology aligns with national industrial development needs and has broad market prospects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for treating straw peat. It addresses the problems of straw and other agricultural wastes, such as their relatively incomplete decomposition during conventional fermentation, low plant fiber content, high pH and EC values, making them unsuitable as direct peat substitutes for substrate cultivation. Drawing on the natural peat formation mechanism, this invention proposes a straw peat treatment method to meet the needs of resource utilization of straw and other organic wastes, peat application, and peat resource conservation. The main steps are as follows: (1) The straw with a moisture content of 15%-30% is processed by a straw shredder to obtain straw with a length not exceeding 5cm and a diameter not exceeding 1cm; the straw includes one or more of corn straw, rice straw and wheat straw; (2) The soft straw is subjected to short-term aerobic fermentation. The soft straw material is piled up to a height of 1.5m, and the moisture content is maintained at 50%-60%. The temperature of the pile is raised to above 60℃ and then kept until the temperature drops to room temperature. (3) After the aerobic fermentation of straw is mixed evenly with the auxiliary materials according to the specified ratio, it is transferred to an anaerobic fermentation tank with a circulating water device for anaerobic fermentation. The depth of the anaerobic fermentation tank is 1.5 meters, the inlet is at the top of the fermentation tank, and the outlet is at the bottom of the fermentation tank. Water is injected until the moisture content of the material is above 100%, the flow velocity at the outlet is 0.1 m / s, the hydraulic retention time is 10 days, and the tail water can be used for aerobic fermentation treatment of straw. The auxiliary material is cow dung, and the addition ratio is 30%-40% of the weight of the straw material. (4) After anaerobic fermentation, the straw material is squeezed and dehydrated to a moisture content of 20%-30%, and an acidifier is added. The material is then piled up and aged to form a peat substitute. The acidifier consists of citric acid, sodium citrate, oxalic acid, benzoic acid, and salicylic acid. The addition ratio is calculated based on the weight of the straw material, with the following amounts: citric acid 1%-3%, sodium citrate 0.5%-1.5%, oxalic acid 0.5%-1%, benzoic acid 0.5%-1%, and salicylic acid 0.5%-1%.

[0005] Preferably, the shredding process in step (1) involves straw with a moisture content of 15%-30%. Beneficial effects: This invention maintains the moisture content of the raw straw at 15-30%, which can reduce the impact of excessively fine straw crushing on the length of straw peat fibers and reduce dust.

[0006] Preferably, the straw obtained by the shredding process in step (1) has a length not exceeding 5cm and a diameter not exceeding 1cm; Beneficial effects: This invention maintains the size of the crushed straw to no more than 5cm in length and no more than 1cm in diameter, which is beneficial for aeration during the aerobic fermentation process and for the preservation of straw fibers.

[0007] Preferably, in step (2), the soft straw is subjected to short-term aerobic fermentation, piled up and heated to above 60°C, and kept at the temperature until it drops to room temperature; Beneficial effects: This invention enables short-term aerobic fermentation of soft straw, which helps to remove easily decomposable substances and crush residual fine straw particles while maintaining the straw fiber, and kills pest eggs.

[0008] Preferably, in step (3), the aerobic fermented straw is mixed with auxiliary materials in proportion and then transferred to an anaerobic fermentation tank with a circulating water device for anaerobic fermentation. The material moisture content is above 100%, the outlet flow velocity is 0.1 m / s, and the hydraulic retention time is 10 days. Beneficial effects: The present invention conducts anaerobic fermentation in the anaerobic fermentation tank of a circulating water device. The slow water flow is conducive to the removal of ash and active, easily decomposable substances; at the same time, it improves the humification and stability of the material and reduces the odor of anaerobic fermentation.

[0009] Preferably, in step (3), 30%-40% of the weight of straw material is added as auxiliary material cow manure; Beneficial effects: The present invention adds cow manure in proportion, which utilizes cow manure as a product of the rumination and digestion process of cattle. It contains a variety of anaerobic microorganisms, which helps the anaerobic fermentation of straw materials and reduces the need for microbial agents.

[0010] Preferably, in step (4), the straw material after anaerobic fermentation is squeezed and dehydrated to a moisture content of 20%-30%, and an acidifier is added in proportion, and the material is piled up and aged to form a peat substitute; Beneficial effects: This invention adds an acidifier in proportion to appropriately buffer and modify the pH value of the material, ensuring the stability of the material.

[0011] In summary, compared with previous technologies, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) The present invention adopts a short-term aerobic fermentation of straw, which can kill certain pathogens and insect eggs and decompose unstable organic matter; then, it adopts an anaerobic fermentation method by adding cow manure, which can increase the fiber and humus content of straw and help the joint resource utilization of straw and other agricultural and livestock waste such as cow manure. (2) The present invention reduces the ash content of the material and lowers the EC value through washing and dehydration processes, and improves the stability of the material by adding an acidifier to regulate the pH range of the straw material. (3) Based on the basic principle of peat formation, this invention combines the technical characteristics of conventional aerobic fermentation and anaerobic fermentation to form a stable and low-cost fermentation process, which ensures the technical feasibility of peat substitutes. Detailed Implementation

[0012] To fully understand the purpose, features, and process of this invention, the invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments, but the invention is not limited thereto. This specification describes the invention according to embodiments, but not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art. Example

[0013] Corn stalks with a moisture content of 15%-30% are shredded using a stalk shredder, resulting in stalks no longer than 5cm and no more than 1cm in diameter. The shredded stalks are then subjected to short-term aerobic fermentation. The shredded stalks are piled to a height of 1.5m, maintaining a moisture content of 50%-60%, and heated to above 60℃. The temperature is maintained until it returns to room temperature. 30% cow manure is added and mixed thoroughly with the aerobic fermentation stalks. The mixture is then transferred to an anaerobic fermentation tank equipped with a circulating water system. The anaerobic fermentation tank is 1.5 meters deep, with the inlet at the top and the outlet at the bottom. Water is injected until the material moisture content is above 100%, with an outlet flow rate of 0.1m / s and a hydraulic retention time of 10 days. The effluent can be used for aerobic fermentation treatment of the stalks. After anaerobic fermentation, the straw material is squeezed and dehydrated to a moisture content of 20%-30%. An acid-adjusting and stabilizing agent is added, with the addition ratio calculated based on the weight of the straw material. The amounts added are 1% citric acid, 0.5% sodium citrate, 0.5% oxalic acid, 0.5% benzoic acid, and 0.5% salicylic acid. The mixture is then piled up and aged to form a peat substitute. Example

[0014] Wheat straw with a moisture content of 15%-30% is shredded using a straw shredder, resulting in straw with a length not exceeding 5cm and a diameter not exceeding 1cm. The shredded straw undergoes short-term aerobic fermentation, with the material piled to a height of 1.5m, maintaining a moisture content of 50%-60%. The pile is heated to above 60℃ and maintained until the temperature drops to room temperature. 35% cow manure is added in a specific ratio and mixed thoroughly with the aerobic fermentation straw. The mixture is then transferred to an anaerobic fermentation tank equipped with a circulating water system. The anaerobic fermentation tank is 1.5 meters deep, with the inlet at the top and the outlet at the bottom. Water is injected until the material moisture content is above 100%, the outlet flow rate is 0.1m / s, and the hydraulic retention time is 10 days. The effluent can be used for aerobic fermentation treatment of straw. After anaerobic fermentation, the straw material is squeezed and dehydrated to a moisture content of 20%-30%. An acid-adjusting and stabilizing agent is added, with the addition ratio calculated based on the weight of the straw material. The amounts added are 1.5% citric acid, 0.1% sodium citrate, 0.75% oxalic acid, 0.75% benzoic acid, and 0.75% salicylic acid. The material is then piled up and aged to form a peat substitute. Example

[0015] Corn and rice straw with a moisture content of 15%-30% are shredded using a straw shredder, resulting in straw with a length not exceeding 5cm and a diameter not exceeding 1cm. The shredded straw undergoes short-term aerobic fermentation, with the material piled to a height of 1.5m, maintaining a moisture content of 50%-60%. The pile is heated to above 60℃ and maintained until the temperature drops to room temperature. 40% cow manure is added in a specific ratio and mixed thoroughly with the aerobic fermented straw. The mixture is then transferred to an anaerobic fermentation tank equipped with a circulating water system. The anaerobic fermentation tank is 1.5 meters deep, with the inlet at the top and the outlet at the bottom. Water is injected until the material moisture content is above 100%, the outlet flow rate is 0.1m / s, and the hydraulic retention time is 10 days. The effluent can be used for aerobic fermentation treatment of the straw. After anaerobic fermentation, the straw material is squeezed and dehydrated to a moisture content of 20%-30%. An acid-adjusting and stabilizing agent is then added, with the proportions calculated based on the weight of the straw material: 3% citric acid, 1.5% sodium citrate, 1% oxalic acid, 1% benzoic acid, and 1% salicylic acid.

[0016] Finally, it should be noted that the above-listed embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. Of course, those skilled in the art can make modifications and variations to the present invention. If such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, they should be considered as being within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for treating straw peat carbonization, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: (1) The straw with a moisture content of 15%-30% is processed by a straw shredder to obtain straw with a length not exceeding 5cm and a diameter not exceeding 1cm; (2) The soft straw is subjected to short-term aerobic fermentation. The soft straw material is piled up to a height of 1.5m, and the moisture content is kept at 50%-60%. The temperature is raised to above 60℃ by natural piling and then kept until the temperature drops to room temperature. (3) After mixing the short-term aerobic fermented straw with auxiliary materials in a certain proportion, it is transferred to an anaerobic fermentation tank with a circulating water device for anaerobic fermentation. The depth of the anaerobic fermentation tank is 1.5 meters, the inlet is at the top of the fermentation tank, and the outlet is at the bottom of the fermentation tank. Water is injected until the moisture content of the material is more than 100%, the flow velocity at the outlet is 0.1 m / s, the hydraulic retention time is 10 days, and the tail water can be used for aerobic fermentation treatment of straw. (4) After anaerobic fermentation, the straw material is squeezed and dehydrated to a moisture content of 20%-30%, and an acidifier is added in proportion. The material is then piled up and aged to form a peat substitute.

2. The method for treating straw peat carbonization according to claim 1, characterized in that: Straw includes one or more types of corn straw, rice straw, and wheat straw.

3. The method for treating straw peat carbonization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary material is cow dung, and the addition ratio is 30%-40% of the weight of the straw material.

4. The method for treating straw peat carbonization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acidifiers are citric acid, sodium citrate, oxalic acid, benzoic acid, and salicylic acid. The addition ratio is calculated based on the weight of the straw material, with citric acid at 1%-3%, sodium citrate at 0.5%-1.5%, oxalic acid at 0.5%-1%, benzoic acid at 0.5%-1%, and salicylic acid at 0.5%-1%.