Rock slope ecological slope protection method based on FRP anchor rods and biological base materials

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of slope supporting, provides a rock slope ecological slope protection method based on FRP anchor rods and a biological base material, and aims to solve the problems that when a high and steep rock slope is supported by steel bar anchor rods and anchor cables, the high and steep rock slope is prone to rusting and fails, and vegetation is difficult to survive. The high and steep rock slope is supported on the basis of the FRP anchor rods, the problem of corrosion of steel bar anchor rods and anchor cables is fundamentally solved, and therefore the stability of the slope is guaranteed for a long time. Meanwhile, an ecological active base material is provided, a microbial agent is arranged in the ecological active base material, biological strains are introduced, surrounding rock masses are weathered slowly, nutritional ingredients needed by plants are provided for a long time, and therefore regreening of the high and steep rock slope is completed; and finally, the double-function slope protection method of engineering structure treatment and vegetation ecological slope protection is constructed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of slope support, and particularly relates to a rock slope ecological protection method based on FRP anchor rods and biological substrates. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the construction of super projects such as high-speed railway networks, large hydropower stations and open-pit mines, a large number of exposed high and steep rock slopes are formed during the construction process, and the long-term weathering of the high and steep rock slopes can easily induce geological disasters.

[0003] The support of high and steep rock slopes belongs to a system engineering of multi-disciplinary intersection, mainly involving the problems of slope reinforcement and ecological greening. At present, steel anchor rods and anchor cables are mainly used for the support of high and steep rock slopes, but the steel anchor rods and anchor cables are prone to rust and expansion, especially the anchor cables are prone to relaxation, and the steel consumption is large and the price is high. In addition, for high and steep rock slopes, the steep slope surface, high rock strength and difficult construction result in poor survival conditions of vegetation, leading to high construction cost and unsatisfactory vegetation restoration effect. SUMMARY

[0004] The application provides a rock slope ecological protection method based on FRP anchor rods and biological substrates to solve the problems of rusting and poor survival of vegetation when steel anchor rods and anchor cables are used for the support of high and steep rock slopes, and fundamentally solves the problem that the support is weakened or even fails due to rusting and relaxation of the steel anchor rods and anchor cables, and improves the survival rate of vegetation.

[0005] To solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows: A rock slope ecological protection method based on FRP anchor rods and biological substrates, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: (1) pretreatment of the slope surface of the high and steep rock slope; (2) measurement and line laying: the anchor hole position is determined according to the design; (3) drilling: the anchor hole is formed by drilling with a down-the-hole drill or a rock drill; (4) installation of the FRP anchor rod, 1:1 cement-epoxy resin slurry is injected into the anchor hole, then the FRP anchor rod is inserted and kept undisturbed for a period of time, and the FRP anchor rod should not be loaded within 24 hours; (5) after the installation of the FRP anchor rod is completed, the ecological net is hung, the ecological net is pulled flat and bound on the base plate of the FRP anchor rod; (6) interface glue spraying: after the ecological net is laid, the interface glue is uniformly sprayed to a thickness of 2 mm, and the surface drying time is 30 minutes; (7) biological active substrate spraying to form two layers of biological active substrate layers; (8) The slope is maintained and covered with non-woven fabric, and the surface is kept wet for the first 7 days.

[0006] In some embodiments, after step (8) is completed, the slope is also subjected to acceptance inspection, wherein 3‰ of the anchor rod uplift forces are sampled and checked, and ≥3 roots are required; and the bioactive substrate-rock surface on-site direct shear meets the requirements.

[0007] In some embodiments, the bioactive substrate is composed of the following raw materials by weight: Porous volcanic ash 30-35 parts; Loam or sandy loam 25-30 parts; Peat 10-15 parts; Bentonite 5-10 parts; Superabsorbent resin 0.3-0.5 parts; Slow-release compound fertilizer 1.5-2 parts; Microbial agent 0.1-0.5 parts; Lignocellulose or plant fiber 10-20 parts; Biochar 5-10 parts.

[0008] In some embodiments, the microbial agent includes rock weathering agent and growth-promoting agent.

[0009] In some embodiments, the rock weathering agent is silicate bacteria, and the growth-promoting agent is arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

[0010] In some embodiments, when the rock mass of the high and steep rock slope is soft rock, the weight of the porous volcanic ash is 33-35 parts, and the weight of the lignocellulose or plant fiber is 15-20 parts.

[0011] In the specific implementation process, when the rock mass of the high and steep rock slope is soft rock, the weight of the microbial agent in the microbial agent can also be appropriately increased, and the weight of the microbial agent is 0.4-0.5 parts.

[0012] In some embodiments, when the rock mass of the high and steep rock slope is soft rock, since the soft rock is basically silty clay and clay after weathering, the weight of the loam or sandy loam in the bioactive substrate can also be appropriately reduced, and the weight of the loam or sandy loam is 25-27 parts.

[0013] In some embodiments, when the rock mass of the high and steep rock slope is hard rock, the weight of the peat in the bioactive substrate is 14-15 parts, the weight of the biochar is 8-10 parts, the weight of the bentonite is 8-10 parts, and the weight of the superabsorbent resin is 0.4-0.5 parts.

[0014] In some embodiments, when the high and steep rock slope is a high and cold high-altitude rock slope, the weight parts of the lignocellulose or plant fiber in the bioactive substrate are 15-20 parts, the weight parts of the biochar are 8-10 parts, and the weight parts of the slow-release compound fertilizer are 1.8-2 parts.

[0015] In some embodiments, the bioactive substrate layer is implanted with vegetation seeds.

[0016] In the specific implementation process, the seeds implanted in the bioactive substrate layer are preferentially selected from native and suitable species, and generally a mixed formula of multiple grass seeds and a combination of grass and shrub is adopted, but the number of herbs is not more than 3 and the number of shrubs is not more than 2, so as to ensure the dominance of the leading species and the ratio of herbs to shrubs is not less than 3:7, for example, (bermuda grass, centipede grass, alfalfa, with a mass ratio of 4:3:3) + (black locust, purple wisteria, and oleaster, with a mass ratio of 5:3:2), so as to ensure long-term stability.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects: The rock slope ecological revetment method based on the FRP anchor rod and the biological substrate of the present application fundamentally solves the problem of corrosion of the steel anchor rod and cable by supporting the high and steep rock slope based on the FRP anchor rod, thereby long-term ensuring the stability of the slope. Meanwhile, an ecological active substrate is provided, the biological strain is introduced by embedding microbial agents, the surrounding rock mass is slowly weathered, and the required nutrient components for plants are long-term provided, thereby completing the greening of the high and steep rock slope; and finally, a double-function revetment method of "engineering structure management-vegetation ecological revetment" is constructed.

[0018] The porous volcanic ash in the bioactive substrate of the present application forms a stable physical skeleton to ensure porosity. The porous volcanic ash has the advantages of small specific gravity, fine particle size and large specific surface area, and can improve the water retention and cation exchange of the soil, so that the soil can better retain water and nutrients. The soil or sandy loam is used to provide soil organic matter and mineral nutrients. The bentonite has a unique crystal structure, and there are exchangeable cations between the crystal layers, which makes it have strong water absorption and swelling property, so it can enhance the water retention and cohesiveness of the bioactive substrate and prevent nutrient loss. The superabsorbent resin is a polymer material with good water absorption performance, which maintains the humidity around the plant root system, thereby reducing the transpiration of the plant and reducing water loss; it can make the bioactive substrate have the functions of rapid absorption and slow release of water. The slow-release compound fertilizer is used to provide essential elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and to slowly release effective nutrients to maintain fertilizer efficiency. The microbial inoculant is used to inoculate functional flora (such as rock weathering bacteria and growth promoting bacteria), which is used to regulate the balance of microbial community, improve air and water permeability, and improve the soil environment, enhance the ecological function and promote vegetation restoration. The biochar has a porous structure, provides a "home" for microorganisms, adsorbs nutrients and water, and permanently sequesters carbon. The lignocellulose or plant fiber forms a fiber network structure, which is entangled with soil particles, greatly enhancing the anti-erosion, anti-erosion and elasticity of the substrate. The grass charcoal provides organic matter, water and fertilizer retention.

[0019] In summary, the bioactive substrate of the present application can provide the required nutrients for vegetation growth and has good anti-erosion capacity, solving the problem of easy loss of substrate for vegetation growth on high and steep rock slopes; at the same time, the use of bentonite and superabsorbent resin can effectively reduce the flow speed of water on high and steep rock slopes, thereby increasing the residence time of water in each region of the high and steep rock slope, and thus enabling the vegetation in each region of the slope to more evenly obtain the required water for growth; thereby enabling the vegetation in each region of the high and steep rock slope to grow more evenly, thereby solving the problem of poor uniformity of vegetation distribution on high and steep rock slopes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the FRP anchor rod anchored in the rock mass.

[0021] Markings in the figure: 1, high and steep rock slope, 2, FRP anchor rod, 3, ecological net, 4, bioactive substrate layer, 5, non-woven fabric. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] For the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application to be clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. The described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The following embodiments are only used to specifically illustrate the implementation methods of the present application, and do not limit the protection scope of the present application.

[0023] In combination with the drawings, the method for ecological protection of rock slope based on FRP anchor and biological substrate of the present application comprises: (1) Pretreatment of the slope surface of the high and steep rock slope 1; wherein the pretreatment of the slope surface mainly includes removing floating stones, dangerous rocks and using local chiseling or shotcreting to flatten the places with a concave-convex degree greater than 20 cm, so as to facilitate the subsequent construction of the high and steep rock slope surface.

[0024] (2) Measurement and setting out: the anchor hole positions are determined according to the design, and in the specific implementation process, the deviation of the anchor hole positions is ≤20 mm.

[0025] (3) Drilling: the anchor holes are formed by using a down-the-hole drill or a rock drill; in the specific implementation process, the inclination angle of the anchor holes is between 15-20°, and the depth error of the anchor holes is controlled between 0-+50 mm, wherein during drilling, it should be ensured that the FRP anchor can be inserted into the stable rock mass with a length of not less than 3 m, and the anchor holes are arranged in a quincunx pattern.

[0026] In the specific implementation process, the horizontal and vertical spacing of the anchor holes is 2.0-4.0 m, which can not only play a good supporting role for the high and steep rock slope, but also has good economic value.

[0027] (4) Installation of the FRP anchor 2: first, the 1:1 cement-epoxy resin slurry is injected into the anchor hole, then the FRP anchor 2 is inserted and kept undisturbed for a period of time, and no load is applied within 24 hours. In the specific implementation process, the FRP anchor should be kept undisturbed for at least 5 minutes after insertion, and no load should be applied within 24 hours, so that the FRP anchor can be firmly fixed in the anchor hole through the cement-epoxy resin slurry.

[0028] (5) After the installation of the FRP anchor 2 is completed, the ecological net 3 is hung, the ecological net is pulled flat and bound on the base plate of the FRP anchor. In order to prevent damage to the natural environment due to the laying of the ecological net, the ecological net is made of degradable ecological net. In the specific implementation process, the ecological net is mainly a net-like structure material made of coconut shell, coconut fiber and coconut fiber as main raw materials, the ecological net hole is 15 mm x 15 mm, the tensile strength is ≥20 kN / m, and the degradation rate is ≥70% in 6-12 months. The coconut shell fiber is made by rough processing, does not contain chemical additives and can be naturally degraded, and has excellent heat preservation, windproof and corrosion resistance effects.

[0029] (6) Interface glue spraying: After the ecological net is laid, evenly spray 2mm of interface glue, and the surface drying time is 30 minutes. In the specific implementation process, the interface glue can be two-component interface glue to improve the stability of the ecological net.

[0030] (7) Bioactive substrate spraying to form 2 layers of bioactive substrate layer 4. The dry spraying method is used to spray the bioactive substrate to form 2 layers of bioactive substrate layer, and the pH of the bioactive substrate is 6.5-7.5. In the specific implementation process, when spraying the bioactive substrate, the water-cement ratio of the bioactive substrate is 0.35, the spraying angle is 45°, and the thickness of the single layer of bioactive substrate layer is ≤50mm.

[0031] (8) Slope maintenance and non-woven fabric 5 covering, keeping the surface wet for the first 7 days. In the specific implementation process, the non-woven fabric is polyurethane non-woven fabric. The high molecular characteristics of the polyurethane material form a protective layer with high strength, weather resistance and ecology by coating a layer of thin polyurethane material on the slope surface. Its mechanical properties are outstanding, the compressive strength of the cured polyurethane can reach 15-20MPa, it can resist water flow with a speed of more than 5m / s, its service life can reach 20-30 years, and the porosity is about 25%-35%, allowing plant roots to penetrate and fix soil.

[0032] The rock slope ecological protection method based on the FRP anchor and the bioactive substrate of the present application supports the high and steep rock slope based on the FRP anchor, fundamentally solves the corrosion problem of the steel anchor rod and anchor cable, and thus long-term guarantees the stability of the slope. At the same time, an ecological active substrate is provided, the biological bacteria agent is introduced into the biological bacteria, the surrounding rock mass is slowly weathered, and the required nutrient ingredients for plants are long-term provided, so as to complete the greening of the high and steep rock slope; and finally a double-function slope protection method of "engineering structure management-vegetation ecological slope protection" is constructed.

[0033] However, in the prior art, the high and steep rock slope is generally supported by steel anchor rods and anchor cables, which leads to weakening of the supporting capacity and even failure due to corrosion and relaxation of the anchor rods and anchor cables. In order to guarantee the stability of the slope, re-supporting or reinforcing support must be carried out, which leads to high cost of later inspection and maintenance, and in the process of inspection and maintenance, part of the recovered vegetation and substrate layer is inevitably damaged. For the re-supplied substrate layer, it is also difficult to obtain well-growing vegetation due to the shielding and influence of the surrounding vegetation.

[0034] The present application uses FRP anchor to support the high and steep rock slope, which fundamentally solves the corrosion and relaxation problems, reduces the damage to the recovered vegetation during later maintenance, and thus improves the greening effect. Finally, the purpose of reducing the cost and improving the vegetation recovery effect is achieved.

[0035] In some embodiments, after step (8) is completed, the slope is also subjected to acceptance inspection, wherein 3‰ of the anchor rod uplift forces are inspected, and ≥3 roots; the on-site direct shear of the bioactive substrate-rock surface meets the requirements.

[0036] In some embodiments, the bioactive substrate is composed of the following raw materials by weight: Porous volcanic ash 30-35 parts; Loamy soil or sandy loam 25-30 parts; Peat 10-15 parts; Bentonite 5-10 parts; Superabsorbent resin 0.3-0.5 parts; Slow-release compound fertilizer 1.5-2 parts; Microbial agent 0.1-0.5 parts; Lignocellulose or plant fiber 10-20 parts; Biochar 5-10 parts.

[0037] In some embodiments, the microbial agent includes rock weathering agents (such as silicate bacteria that can secrete organic acid to dissolve rock debris) and growth-promoting agents (such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi that help root systems absorb nutrients).

[0038] The porous volcanic ash serves to form a stable physical skeleton and ensure porosity. The porous volcanic ash has the advantages of small specific gravity, fine particle size, and large specific surface area, and can improve the water retention and cation exchange of the soil, allowing the soil to better retain water and nutrients. The loamy soil or sandy loam is used to provide soil organic matter and mineral nutrients.

[0039] The bentonite has a unique crystal structure, and exchangeable cations exist between the crystal layers, which makes it have strong water absorption and swelling properties, thereby enhancing the water retention and cohesiveness of the bioactive substrate and preventing nutrient loss. The superabsorbent resin is a polymer material with good water absorption performance, which maintains the humidity around the plant root system, thereby reducing the transpiration of the plant and reducing water loss; it allows the bioactive substrate to quickly absorb and slowly release water. The slow-release compound fertilizer is used to provide essential elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and to slowly release effective nutrients to maintain fertilizer efficiency. The microbial agent is used to inoculate functional microbial flora (such as rock weathering agents and growth-promoting agents) to regulate the balance of the microbial community, improve air and water permeability, and retain water and nutrients, thereby improving the soil environment, enhancing ecological functions, and promoting vegetation restoration. The biochar has a porous structure, provides a "home" for microorganisms, adsorbs nutrients and water, and permanently sequesters carbon. The lignocellulose or plant fiber forms a fibrous network structure that entangles with soil particles, greatly enhancing the substrate's resistance to erosion, erosion resistance, and elasticity. The peat provides organic matter, water retention, and nutrient retention.

[0040] In summary, the bioactive substrate of this invention can provide the necessary nutrients for vegetation growth and has good erosion resistance, solving the problem of easy loss of substrate for vegetation growth on steep rock slopes. At the same time, the use of bentonite and superabsorbent polymer can effectively reduce the speed of water flow on steep rock slopes, thereby increasing the time that water stays in different areas of the slope. This allows the vegetation in different areas of the slope to obtain the water required for growth more evenly, resulting in more uniform vegetation growth in different areas of the steep rock slope and solving the problem of poor vegetation distribution uniformity on steep rock slopes.

[0041] In some embodiments, when the rock mass of a steep rock slope is soft rock, the porous volcanic ash comprises 33-35 parts by weight, and the lignocellulose or plant fiber comprises 15-20 parts by weight. Soft rock slopes mainly include mudstone and shale slopes, which have limited relative height, gentle slopes, and strong surface weathering, making small-scale landslides and rockfalls common. Soft rock slopes are prone to shallow damage; therefore, appropriately increasing the weight of lignocellulose or plant fiber in the bioactive substrate enhances its tensile strength and integrity, effectively resisting rainwater erosion and its own plastic flow. Appropriately increasing the proportion of porous volcanic ash can quickly drain rainwater, reducing the softening effect of water infiltration on the underlying soft rock.

[0042] In practical implementation, when the rock mass of a steep rock slope is soft rock, the weight percentage of the microbial agent can be appropriately increased to 0.4-0.5 parts per unit weight. This increases the content of rock weathering agents, thereby actively accelerating the soil formation process and organically combining engineering protection with ecological improvement.

[0043] Since the weathering of soft rock is basically transformed into silty clay and clay, it can also appropriately reduce the weight of loam or sandy loam in the bioactive substrate, with the weight of loam or sandy loam being 25-27 parts.

[0044] In some embodiments, when the rock mass of a steep rock slope is hard rock, the bioactive substrate contains 14-15 parts by weight of peat, 8-10 parts by weight of biochar, 8-10 parts by weight of bentonite, and 0.4-0.5 parts by weight of superabsorbent polymer (SAP). The hard rock is mainly limestone, granite, and quartzite, which are relatively steep, often tens or even thousands of meters high. This places stringent requirements on the bioactive substrate layer, making ecological restoration extremely difficult, and water and fertilizer retention crucial. Therefore, increasing the weight percentages of peat, biochar, and bentonite is important. Peat and biochar primarily function to retain water and fertilizer, while increasing the weight percentages of bentonite and SAP facilitates the adsorption of gaseous water and its slow release during drying, enhancing water absorption capacity and thus improving vegetation survival rates.

[0045] In some embodiments, when the steep rock slope is a high-altitude, cold-climate rock slope, the bioactive substrate contains 15-20 parts by weight of lignocellulose or plant fiber, 8-10 parts by weight of biochar, and 1.8-2 parts by weight of slow-release compound fertilizer. High-altitude, cold-climate rock slopes have harsh climatic conditions, large diurnal temperature variations, and require survival and growth under freeze-thaw cycles and cold climate conditions. Appropriately increasing the lignocellulose or plant fiber content allows its elastic fibers to effectively buffer expansion and contraction caused by freeze-thaw cycles, preventing cracking and peeling of the bioactive substrate. Appropriately increasing the biochar content utilizes its dark color to effectively absorb solar radiation and increase the temperature of the bioactive substrate. Increasing the slow-release compound fertilizer content allows for slow fertilizer release even in low-temperature environments.

[0046] In the specific implementation process, when using slow-release compound fertilizers on high-altitude and cold rocky slopes, slow-release compound fertilizers that can be slowly released at low temperatures should be selected.

[0047] In some embodiments, plant seeds are implanted in the bioactive substrate layer.

[0048] In the specific implementation process, the seeds implanted in the bioactive substrate layer are preferably selected from native and suitable varieties. Generally, a mixture of multiple grass seeds and a combination of grass and shrubs are used, but no more than 3 kinds of herbs and no more than 2 kinds of shrubs are used to ensure the dominance of the dominant varieties. The ratio of herbs to shrubs is not less than 3:7, for example (Bermudagrass, Bahiagrass, and Alfalfa in a mass ratio of 4:3:3) + (Robinia pseudoacacia, Amorpha fruticosa, and Caragana korshinskii in a mass ratio of 5:3:2) to ensure long-term stability. Example

[0049] This embodiment relates to the bioactive substrate of the present invention, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-35 parts porous volcanic ash; 25-30 parts loam or sandy loam; 10-15 parts peat moss; 5-10 parts bentonite; 0.3-0.5 parts superabsorbent polymer; 1.5-2 parts slow-release compound fertilizer; 0.1-0.5 parts microbial inoculant; 10-20 parts lignocellulose or plant fiber; and 5-10 parts biochar. Example

[0050] This embodiment relates to the bioactive substrate of the present invention. The bioactive substrate of this embodiment is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts porous volcanic ash; 25 parts loam or sandy loam; 10 parts peat moss; 5 parts bentonite; 0.3-1 parts superabsorbent resin; 1.5 parts slow-release compound fertilizer; 0.1 parts microbial inoculant; 10 parts lignocellulose or plant fiber; and 5 parts biochar. The microbial inoculant includes silicate bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Example

[0051] This embodiment relates to the bioactive substrate of the present invention, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts porous volcanic ash; 30 parts loam or sandy loam; 15 parts peat moss; 10 parts bentonite; 0.5 parts superabsorbent resin; 2 parts slow-release compound fertilizer; 0.5 parts microbial inoculant; 20 parts lignocellulose or plant fiber; and 10 parts biochar; wherein the microbial inoculant includes silicate bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Example

[0052] This embodiment relates to the bioactive substrate of the present invention. The bioactive substrate of this embodiment is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32 parts porous volcanic ash; 27 parts loam or sandy loam; 12 parts peat moss; 8 parts bentonite; 0.4 parts superabsorbent resin; 1.7 parts slow-release compound fertilizer; 0.3 parts microbial inoculant; 15 parts lignocellulose or plant fiber; and 7.5 parts biochar. Example

[0053] The bioactive substrate of this embodiment is used for soft rock slopes. The bioactive substrate of this embodiment is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 33-35 parts porous volcanic ash; 25-30 parts loam or sandy loam; 10-15 parts peat moss; 5-10 parts bentonite; 0.3-0.5 parts superabsorbent polymer; 1.5-2 parts slow-release compound fertilizer; 0.1-0.5 parts microbial inoculant; 15-20 parts lignocellulose or plant fiber; 5-10 parts biochar; wherein the microbial inoculant includes silicate bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Example

[0054] The bioactive substrate of this embodiment is used for soft rock slopes. The bioactive substrate of this embodiment is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 33-35 parts porous volcanic ash; 25-30 parts loam or sandy loam; 10-15 parts peat moss; 5-10 parts bentonite; 0.3-0.5 parts superabsorbent polymer; 1.5-2 parts slow-release compound fertilizer; 0.4-0.5 parts microbial inoculant; 15-20 parts lignocellulose or plant fiber; and 5-10 parts biochar. The microbial inoculant includes silicate bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Example

[0055] The bioactive substrate of this embodiment is used for soft rock slopes. The bioactive substrate of this embodiment is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 33-35 parts porous volcanic ash; 25-27 parts loam or sandy loam; 10-15 parts peat moss; 5-10 parts bentonite; 0.3-0.5 parts superabsorbent polymer; 1.5-2 parts slow-release compound fertilizer; 0.4-0.5 parts microbial inoculant; 15-20 parts lignocellulose or plant fiber; and 5-10 parts biochar. The microbial inoculant includes silicate bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Example

[0056] The bioactive substrate of this embodiment is used for hard rock slopes. The bioactive substrate of this embodiment is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-35 parts porous volcanic ash; 25-30 parts loam or sandy loam; 14-15 parts peat moss; 8-10 parts bentonite; 0.4-0.5 parts superabsorbent polymer; 1.5-2 parts slow-release compound fertilizer; 0.1-0.5 parts microbial inoculant; 10-20 parts lignocellulose or plant fiber; 8-10 parts biochar; wherein the microbial inoculant includes silicate bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Example

[0057] When the bioactive substrate of this embodiment is used on high-altitude and cold rocky slopes, the bioactive substrate of this embodiment is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-35 parts porous volcanic ash; 25-30 parts loam or sandy loam; 10-15 parts peat moss; 5-10 parts bentonite; 0.3-0.5 parts superabsorbent polymer; 1.5-2 parts slow-release compound fertilizer; 0.1-0.5 parts microbial inoculant; 15-20 parts lignocellulose or plant fiber; 5-10 parts biochar; wherein the microbial inoculant includes silicate bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Example

[0058] When the bioactive substrate of this embodiment is used on high-altitude and cold rocky slopes, the bioactive substrate of this embodiment is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-35 parts porous volcanic ash; 25-30 parts loam or sandy loam; 10-15 parts peat moss; 5-10 parts bentonite; 0.3-0.5 parts superabsorbent polymer; 1.5-2 parts slow-release compound fertilizer; 0.1-0.5 parts microbial inoculant; 15-20 parts lignocellulose or plant fiber; 8-10 parts biochar; wherein the microbial inoculant includes silicate bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Example

[0059] When the bioactive substrate of this embodiment is used on high-altitude and cold rocky slopes, the bioactive substrate of this embodiment is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-35 parts porous volcanic ash; 25-30 parts loam or sandy loam; 10-15 parts peat moss; 5-10 parts bentonite; 0.3-0.5 parts superabsorbent polymer; 1.8-2 parts slow-release compound fertilizer; 0.1-0.5 parts microbial inoculant; 15-20 parts lignocellulose or plant fiber; 8-10 parts biochar; wherein the microbial inoculant includes silicate bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

[0060] It should be understood that the above description of the preferred embodiments is quite detailed, but it should not be considered as a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art, under the guidance of this invention, can make substitutions or modifications without departing from the scope of protection of the claims of this invention, and all such substitutions or modifications fall within the scope of protection of this invention. The scope of protection of this invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for ecological slope protection of rock slopes based on FRP anchors and bio-based materials, characterized in that, include: (1) Pre-treatment of steep rock slopes; (2) Measurement and layout: Determine the anchor hole positions according to the design; (3) Drilling: Anchor holes are formed by drilling using a down-the-hole drill or a rock drill; (4) To install FRP anchors, first inject 1:1 cement-epoxy resin grout into the anchor hole, then insert the FRP anchor and keep it undisturbed for a period of time, and do not load it within 24 hours; (5) After the FRP anchor bolts are installed, hang the ecological netting, pull the ecological netting flat and tie it to the pad of the FRP anchor bolts; (6) Interface adhesive spraying: After the ecological net is laid, the interface adhesive with a thickness of 2mm is sprayed evenly, and the surface drying time is 30min; (7) Two bioactive substrate layers are formed by spraying bioactive substrate; (8) Slope maintenance and covering with non-woven fabric, keep the surface moist for the first 7 days.

2. The ecological slope protection method for rock slopes based on FRP anchors and biomaterials according to claim 1, characterized in that, After completing step (8), the slope is inspected, and the pull-out resistance of the anchor bolts is randomly checked at 3‰, and ≥3 bolts are tested; the bioactive substrate-rock surface direct shear meets the requirements.

3. The ecological slope protection method for rock slopes based on FRP anchors and biomaterials according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The bioactive substrate is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-35 parts of porous volcanic ash; 25-30 parts loam or sandy loam; 10-15 parts peat moss; 5-10 parts bentonite; 0.3-0.5 parts of superabsorbent polymer; 1.5-2 parts of slow-release compound fertilizer; 0.1-0.5 parts of microbial inoculant; 10-20 parts of lignocellulose or plant fiber; 5-10 parts of biochar.

4. The ecological slope protection method for rock slopes based on FRP anchors and biomaterials according to claim 3, characterized in that, The microbial agents include rock weathering agents and growth-promoting agents.

5. The ecological slope protection method for rock slopes based on FRP anchors and biomaterials according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rock weathering agent is silicate bacteria, and the growth-promoting agent is arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

6. The ecological slope protection method for rock slopes based on FRP anchors and biomaterials according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the rock mass of a steep rock slope is soft rock, the weight of porous volcanic ash is 33-35 parts, and the weight of lignocellulose or plant fiber is 15-20 parts.

7. The ecological slope protection method for rock slopes based on FRP anchors and biomaterials according to claim 6, characterized in that, When the rock mass of a steep rock slope is soft rock, the weight percentage of the microbial agent can be appropriately increased to 0.4-0.5 parts.

8. The ecological slope protection method for rock slopes based on FRP anchors and biomaterials according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the rock mass of a steep rock slope is soft rock, since soft rock weathers into silty clay and clay, the weight of loam or sandy loam in the bioactive substrate can be appropriately reduced to 25-27 parts.

9. The ecological slope protection method for rock slopes based on FRP anchors and biomaterials according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the rock mass of a steep rock slope is hard rock, the bioactive substrate contains 14-15 parts by weight of peat moss, 8-10 parts by weight of biochar, 8-10 parts by weight of bentonite, and 0.4-0.5 parts by weight of superabsorbent polymer.

10. The ecological slope protection method for rock slopes based on FRP anchors and biomaterials according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the steep rock slope is a high-altitude, cold-weather rock slope, the weight of lignocellulose or plant fiber in the bioactive substrate is 15-20 parts, the weight of biochar is 8-10 parts, and the weight of slow-release compound fertilizer is 1.8-2 parts.

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