Axial-flow compressor test bench and axial force adjusting method
By coordinating the pressure of the balance chamber and the bearing chamber, and using the air supply pipeline and throttle valve, the problem of unstable axial force adjustment in the existing technology was solved, and precise control of rotor axial force was achieved under space-constrained conditions, ensuring the safety and reliability of the test.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511882012.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-10
AI Technical Summary
The existing technology lacks a systematic method for adjusting axial force, especially in how to coordinate the adjustment of the pressure in the balance chamber and the bearing chamber. This results in unstable axial force adjustment, making it difficult to meet the real-time requirements of the test. Furthermore, it requires significant modifications and is costly when space is limited and the structure is compact.
By coordinating the pressure of the balance chamber and the bearing chamber, and using the air supply line and throttle valve, precise control of the rotor's axial force is achieved. A grate structure is adopted to reduce gas leakage. Combined with an automated control process, the pressure difference between the balance chamber and the bearing chamber is adjusted to achieve stable axial force.
It achieves precise control of rotor axial force under space-constrained conditions, reduces modification costs, ensures the safety and reliability of the test, and has a fast response, meeting the real-time requirements of the test.
Smart Images
Figure CN121497666A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of aero-engine technology, and in particular to an axial-flow compressor test bench and an axial force adjustment method. Background Technology
[0002] With the continuous development of aero-engine technology, the requirements for compressor aerodynamic performance are becoming increasingly stringent. This has made the problem of excessive rotor axial force more prominent during compressor component testing. The rotor axial force is mainly generated when the compressor blades rotate at high speed to compress gas. If this axial force exceeds the load limits of the front and rear bearings, it will lead to a significant reduction in bearing life, or even cause bearing overload damage, test interruption, and other failures, seriously threatening the safety and reliability of the test.
[0003] Currently, conventional methods for addressing axial force overload include increasing the diameter of the balance disc, increasing the pressure in the balance chamber, or replacing the bearing with one that has a stronger load-bearing capacity. However, given the compact structure and limited space of existing test benches, increasing the balance disc diameter or replacing the bearing often requires significant modifications to the test specimen, which is difficult, costly, and may affect the original structural integrity of the specimen. In contrast, balancing axial force by adjusting the pressure in the balance chamber is a less demanding, less space-constrained approach. However, existing technologies lack a systematic method for adjusting axial force, especially regarding the coordinated adjustment of the balance chamber pressure and the bearing chamber pressure. An efficient and precise control process has not yet been established, leading to unstable adjustment results and difficulty in meeting the real-time requirements of testing. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an axial flow compressor test bench and an axial force adjustment method. By coordinating the adjustment of the balance chamber pressure and the bearing chamber pressure, the precise control of the rotor axial force can be achieved under the conditions of limited space and small structural modifications.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution created by this invention is implemented as follows: An axial-flow compressor test bench, comprising: Stator casing; The rotor is supported on the stator casing (1) by the front bearing (12) and the rear bearing (10). The rotor consists of a compressor blade disk (2), a shaft (13) and a balance disk (8). The balance disk (8) is fixedly connected to the compressor blade disk (2) by the shaft (13). The balance disk (8) and the stator casing (1) form a balance chamber (9). The pressure in the balance chamber (9) is P5. The compressor blade disk (2) includes blades. The inlet pressure of the blade flow channel is P1, the outlet pressure of the blade flow channel is P2, the pressure in the rear chamber of the compressor blade disk (2) is P3, and the axial force generated when the compressor blade disk (2) rotates is F1. There is a pressure difference between the pressure P5 in the balance chamber (9) and the external pressure. The axial force generated by the balance disk (8) under the action of this pressure difference is F2. The resultant axial force of the rotor is F = F1 - F2. The gas supply line is connected to the balance chamber and is used to supply high-pressure gas at a pressure of P4 to the balance chamber. The oil supply line is connected to the bearing cavity and is used to supply lubricating oil to the front and rear bearings. The oil return line is connected to the bearing cavity and is used to recover the lubricating oil from the front and rear bearings. The ventilation duct is connected to the bearing cavity, and a throttle valve is installed on the ventilation duct to regulate the pressure P6 in the bearing cavity; A seal is installed between the stator casing and the rotor to seal the bearing cavity and the balance cavity.
[0006] Furthermore, a toothed structure is formed on the balance disc to reduce gas leakage from the balance chamber.
[0007] Furthermore, the gas supply pipeline is connected to a ground gas source, and the pressure of the ground gas source P4 is adjustable.
[0008] Furthermore, the throttle valve is an adjustable throttle valve, used to continuously adjust the pressure P6 in the bearing cavity.
[0009] A method for adjusting the axial force of an axial-flow compressor test piece, implemented using the axial-flow compressor test bench described above, includes the following steps: S1: Monitor the axial force F of the rotor. If F exceeds the preset threshold, start the ground air source and adjust the pressure P4 of the ground air source. Supply air to the balance chamber through the air supply pipeline to increase the pressure P5 of the balance chamber, thereby increasing the axial force F2 generated by the balance disc. S2: Adjust the opening of the throttle valve to change the pressure P6 in the bearing cavity. The pressure P5 in the balance cavity will also change accordingly, further increasing the axial force F2 generated by the balance disc. S3: Monitor whether the pressure difference ΔP = P5 - P6 between the balance chamber pressure P5 and the bearing chamber pressure P6 reaches the predetermined range. If not, return to step S2 to continue adjusting the throttle valve until ΔP reaches the predetermined range. S4: Monitor the axial force F of the rotor again. If it still exceeds the preset threshold, return to step S1 and continue to adjust the pressure P4 of the ground air source until the axial force F of the rotor does not exceed the preset threshold. S5: Determine whether the test has ended. If not, return to step S4 to continue monitoring and adjusting the axial resultant force F of the rotor.
[0010] A computer program product includes a computer storage medium storing a computer program, the computer program including instructions executable by at least one processor, which, when executed by at least one processor, implement the axial force adjustment method for an axial flow compressor test piece as described above.
[0011] A chip, comprising: A processor is used to retrieve and run computer programs from memory; Memory, used to store computer programs; The computer program, when executed, implements the aforementioned method for adjusting the axial force of the axial flow compressor test piece.
[0012] A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for adjusting the axial force of an axial-flow compressor test piece.
[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: This invention achieves precise bidirectional control of rotor axial force by coordinating the adjustment of the balance chamber pressure and the bearing chamber pressure; it only requires the addition of an air supply line and a throttle valve, with minimal structural modifications, low cost, and is not limited by test bench space; the adjustment process can be automated, with rapid response, effectively ensuring the safety and reliability of compressor component testing. Attached Figure Description
[0014] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the invention are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the axial flow compressor test bench described in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the axial force of the rotor as described in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the airflow path of the axial compressor test bench described in the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 A schematic flowchart illustrating the axial force adjustment method for an axial compressor test piece as described in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0015] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Stator casing; 2. Compressor impeller; 3. Seal; 4. Ventilation pipe; 5. Throttling valve; 6. Oil supply pipe; 7. Air supply pipe; 8. Balance disc; 9. Balance chamber; 10. Rear bearing; 11. Bearing cavity; 12. Front bearing; 13. Shaft; 14. Oil return line. Detailed Implementation
[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.
[0017] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other.
[0018] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.
[0019] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.
[0020] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0021] like Figures 1-3As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides an axial compressor test bench, including a stator casing 1, a rotor, an air supply line 7, a ventilation line 4, a lubrication system, and a seal 3. The stator casing 1 is the main load-bearing structure of the test specimen, and a front bearing 12 and a rear bearing 10 are installed inside the stator casing 1. The rotor is supported on the stator casing 1 by the front bearing 12 and the rear bearing 10. The rotor consists of a compressor bladed disk 2, a shaft 13, and a balance disk 8. The balance disk 8 is located behind the compressor bladed disk 2, and the balance disk 8 is fixedly connected to the compressor bladed disk 2 by the shaft 13. An annular balance chamber 9 is formed between the balance disk 8 and the stator casing 1, and the pressure in the balance chamber 9 is P5. The compressor bladed disk 2 includes blades, the inlet pressure of the blade flow channel is P1, the outlet pressure of the blade flow channel is P2, and the pressure in the rear chamber of the compressor bladed disk 2 is P3.
[0022] When the compressor disk 2 rotates, it compresses the gas, causing the gas pressure to rise from the inlet pressure P1 to the outlet pressure P2, and at the same time, it forms the pressure P3 in the rear chamber. Since the inlet pressure P1 of the blade channel, the outlet pressure P2 of the blade channel, the pressure P7 in front of the disk, and the pressure P3 in the rear chamber are different, the pressure difference between the four causes the compressor disk 2 to generate a forward axial force F1.
[0023] The gas supply line 7 is arranged on the stator casing 1. The two ends of the gas supply line 7 are connected to the external ground gas source and the balance chamber 9, respectively, and are used to supply high-pressure gas with a pressure of P4 to the balance chamber 9.
[0024] The oil supply line 6 is connected to the bearing cavity 11 and is used to supply lubricating oil to the front bearing 12 and the rear bearing 10.
[0025] The oil return line 14 is connected to the bearing cavity 11 and is used to recover the lubricating oil of the front bearing 12 and the rear bearing 10.
[0026] One end of the ventilation duct 4 is connected to the bearing cavity 11, and the other end is connected to the atmosphere or an air extraction system through a throttle valve 5. The throttle valve 5 is an adjustable throttle valve, and the pressure P6 in the bearing cavity 11 can be controlled by adjusting the opening of the throttle valve 5. The seal 3 is placed between the stator casing 1 and the rotor to seal the bearing cavity 11 and the balance cavity 9, isolate the bearing cavity 11 and the balance cavity 9, and prevent gas from crossing.
[0027] The balance disc 8 adopts a toothed structure, which can effectively reduce the amount of gas leakage from the balance chamber 9. Due to the pressure difference between the balance chamber pressure P5 and the external pressure P7, the balance disc 8 generates a rearward axial force F2, which is used to offset part of the forward axial force F1, thereby reducing the axial resultant force F of the rotor, F=F1-F2.
[0028] The airflow path for adjusting the axial force of the axial compressor test bench provided by this invention is as follows: ground air source (pressure P4) → air supply pipeline 7 → balance chamber 9 (pressure P5) is divided into two paths. One path leaks out through the gap between the upper teeth of the balance disc 8, and the other path leaks out through the gap between the lower teeth of the balance disc 8 → bearing chamber 11 (pressure P6) → ventilation pipeline 4 → throttle valve 5. This airflow path design achieves pressure controllability and gas sealing.
[0029] like Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a method for adjusting the axial force of an axial compressor test piece, implemented using the axial compressor test bench described above, including the following steps: S1: Monitor the axial force F of the rotor. When F exceeds the preset threshold, start the ground air source and adjust the pressure P4 of the ground air source. Supply air to the balance chamber through the air supply pipeline to increase the pressure P5 of the balance chamber, thereby increasing the backward axial force F2 generated by the balance disc.
[0030] When supplying air to the balance chamber through the air supply line, monitor the changing trend of the axial force F.
[0031] S2: Adjusting the opening of the throttle valve changes the pressure P6 in the bearing cavity, and the pressure P5 in the balance cavity also changes accordingly, further increasing the axial force F2 generated by the balance disc.
[0032] F = F1 - F2. When F2 increases, F decreases.
[0033] The adjustment of P6 must match that of P5 to avoid abnormal leakage of the seal due to excessive pressure difference between P5 and P6, which would affect the oil supply and lubrication of the bearing cavity and cause the bearing 10 to malfunction.
[0034] S3: Monitor whether the pressure difference ΔP = P5 - P6 between the pressure P5 in the balance chamber and the pressure P6 in the bearing chamber reaches the predetermined range. If not, return to step S2 to continue adjusting the throttle valve until ΔP reaches the predetermined range.
[0035] The preset range of pressure difference ΔP is determined based on the environment required for oil supply and lubrication of the bearing cavity and the design value of the rearward axial force F2.
[0036] S4: Monitor the axial force F of the rotor again. If it still exceeds the preset threshold, return to step S1 and continue to adjust the pressure P4 of the ground air source until the axial force F of the rotor does not exceed the preset threshold.
[0037] Monitor the axial force F of the rotor again; if F still exceeds the safety threshold, return to step S1 to readjust the air source pressure P4. At this time, the adjustment range of P4 needs to be corrected based on the real-time value of F until F drops to the safe range.
[0038] S5: Determine whether the experiment has ended. If not, return to step S4 to continue monitoring and adjustment.
[0039] If the experiment is not completed, return to step S4 to continuously monitor F and ΔP = P5-P6, and dynamically repeat steps S1-S4 to ensure that F remains within a safe range throughout the experiment.
[0040] This invention provides a computer program product, which includes a computer storage medium storing a computer program. The computer program includes instructions executable by at least one processor. When the instructions are executed by at least one processor, the axial force adjustment method for an axial flow compressor test piece as described above is implemented.
[0041] This invention provides a chip, comprising: A processor is used to retrieve and run computer programs from memory; Memory, used to store computer programs; The computer program, when executed, implements the aforementioned method for adjusting the axial force of the axial flow compressor test piece.
[0042] This invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method for adjusting the axial force of an axial-flow compressor test piece.
[0043] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used to reorder, add, or delete steps. For example, the steps described in this invention disclosure can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution disclosed in this invention can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.
[0044] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.
Claims
1. A test bench for an axial-flow compressor, characterized in that, include: Stator casing (1); The rotor is supported on the stator casing (1) by the front bearing (12) and the rear bearing (10). The rotor consists of a compressor blade disk (2), a shaft (13) and a balance disk (8). The balance disk (8) is fixedly connected to the compressor blade disk (2) by the shaft (13). The balance disk (8) and the stator casing (1) form a balance chamber (9). The pressure in the balance chamber (9) is P5. The compressor blade disk (2) includes blades. The inlet pressure of the blade flow channel is P1, the outlet pressure of the blade flow channel is P2, the pressure in the rear chamber of the compressor blade disk (2) is P3, and the axial force generated when the compressor blade disk (2) rotates is F1. There is a pressure difference between the pressure P5 in the balance chamber (9) and the external pressure. The axial force generated by the balance disk (8) under the action of this pressure difference is F2. The resultant axial force of the rotor is F = F1 - F2. The gas supply line (7) is connected to the balance chamber (9) and is used to supply high-pressure gas with a pressure of P4 to the balance chamber (9); The oil supply line (6) is connected to the bearing cavity (11) and is used to supply lubricating oil to the front bearing (12) and the rear bearing (10); The oil return line (14) is connected to the bearing cavity (11) and is used to recover the lubricating oil of the front bearing (12) and the rear bearing (10); Ventilation duct (4) is connected to bearing cavity (11). A throttle valve (5) is installed on ventilation duct (4) to adjust the pressure P6 of bearing cavity (11). A seal (3) is provided between the stator casing (1) and the rotor to seal the bearing cavity (11) and the balance cavity (9).
2. The axial flow compressor test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that, A toothed structure is formed on the balance disc (8) to reduce gas leakage from the balance chamber (9).
3. The axial-flow compressor test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas supply pipeline (7) is connected to the ground gas source, and the pressure P4 of the ground gas source is adjustable.
4. The axial-flow compressor test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that, The throttle valve (5) is an adjustable throttle valve used to continuously adjust the pressure P6 of the bearing cavity (11).
5. A method for adjusting the axial force of an axial-flow compressor test piece, implemented using an axial-flow compressor test bench as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Monitor the axial force F of the rotor. If F exceeds the preset threshold, start the ground air source and adjust the pressure P4 of the ground air source. Supply air to the balance chamber (9) through the air supply pipeline (7) to increase the pressure P5 of the balance chamber (9), thereby increasing the axial force F2 generated by the balance disc (8). S2: Adjust the opening of the throttle valve (5) to change the pressure P6 in the bearing cavity (11) and further increase the axial force F2 generated by the balance disc (8); S3: Monitor whether the pressure difference ΔP = P5 - P6 between pressure P5 and pressure P6 reaches the predetermined range. If not, return to step S2 to continue adjusting the throttle valve (5) until ΔP reaches the predetermined range. S4: Monitor the axial force F of the rotor again. If it still exceeds the preset threshold, return to step S1 and continue to adjust the pressure P4 of the ground air source until the axial force F of the rotor does not exceed the preset threshold. S5: Determine whether the test has ended. If not, return to step S4 to continue monitoring and adjusting the axial resultant force F of the rotor.
6. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product includes a computer storage medium storing a computer program, the computer program including instructions executable by at least one processor, which, when executed by at least one processor, implement the axial force adjustment method for the axial flow compressor test piece as described in claim 5.
7. A chip, characterized in that, include: A processor is used to retrieve and run computer programs from memory; Memory, used to store computer programs; When the computer program is executed, it implements the axial force adjustment method for the axial flow compressor test piece as described in claim 5.
8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the axial force adjustment method for the axial flow compressor test piece as described in claim 5.