Low-heating-value combustor

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of combustors, and discloses a low-heating-value combustor which comprises a combustor shell. A partition piece is installed in the combustor shell and divides the interior of the combustor shell into a combustion-supporting cavity and an air cavity, a flame nozzle communicated with the combustion-supporting cavity is installed at one end of the combustor shell, and an ignition gun located in the combustion-supporting cavity and arranged towards the flame nozzle is installed in the combustor shell. A burner core assembly arranged around the burning torch is installed in the combustion-supporting cavity, and a fuel gas flow dividing piece for introducing low-heating-value fuel gas into the burner core assembly is installed at the other end of the burner shell. By means of the design of fuel gas shunting, air premixing, air cyclone accelerated mixing, a Venturi injection structure and the like, the stability of ignition flames of low-heating-value fuel gas is effectively enhanced, generation of nitric oxide is reduced, and the combustion performance and the environmental protection performance are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of burner technology, and more particularly to a low-calorific-value burner. Background Technology

[0002] In modern industrial production, kilns, as important thermal equipment, are widely used in ceramics, glass, metallurgy, chemicals and other fields for heating, sintering, melting and other processes on various materials. A kiln typically consists of a furnace body, heating system, combustion system, ventilation system and control system. In the process of burning materials in the kiln, the burner plays a crucial role. The burner is a key component of the combustion system and is usually equipped with an ignition gun. The function of the ignition gun is to provide the necessary energy for the low-calorific-value gas through the high-temperature spark or flame it generates when the equipment is started, thereby igniting the low-calorific-value gas. Once the low-calorific-value gas is ignited, a stable flame is formed inside the burner. This flame is discharged through the burner's outlet end to continuously heat the target area inside the kiln, ensuring that the material can undergo chemical reactions or physical changes according to the preset process requirements in a high-temperature environment.

[0003] Low-calorific-value gas typically contains a high amount of inert gases due to its composition, resulting in a relatively low calorific value. This high inert gas content leads to increased ignition temperature, making ignition difficult, combustion instability, and difficulty in maintaining a stable flame. Secondly, improper combustion organization can cause localized high-temperature zones within the burner. When excessive combustion air remains in these high-temperature zones for too long, it can lead to excessive nitrogen oxide formation. Furthermore, direct combustion is a common combustion method used in low-calorific-value gas burners. However, due to the special characteristics of low-calorific-value gas, direct combustion results in insufficient mixing of the gas and combustion air, easily leading to flameout during combustion. Flameout refers to the flame detaching from the burner outlet, resulting in unstable combustion. This not only causes inconvenience in burner use but also poses safety hazards such as gas leaks and explosions, seriously affecting the reliability and safety of the burner.

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this application proposes a low-calorific-value burner. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention proposes a low-calorific-value burner, which solves the problems in related technologies where low-calorific-value fuel gas has a high inert gas content, low calorific value, difficulty in ignition, poor combustion stability, insufficient mixing of fuel gas and air due to direct combustion, easy flameout, and local high temperature that can easily lead to excessive nitrogen oxides, posing safety hazards and affecting the reliability and safety of the burner.

[0006] The present invention provides a low-calorific-value burner, comprising a burner housing;

[0007] The burner housing is equipped with a partition, which divides the burner housing into a combustion chamber and an air chamber. One end of the burner housing is equipped with a nozzle that communicates with the combustion chamber. An ignition gun is installed inside the burner housing, located inside the combustion chamber and facing the nozzle.

[0008] The combustion chamber is equipped with a burner core assembly arranged around the ignition gun, and the other end of the burner housing is equipped with a gas diversion device that introduces low-calorific-value gas into the burner core assembly.

[0009] As a further optimization of the present invention, the separator includes an inner cover, which is installed inside the burner housing, and the combustion chamber and the air chamber are separated by the inner cover. The outer periphery of the inner cover has openings that communicate with the air chamber and the combustion chamber respectively, and the openings are used for air from the air chamber to enter the combustion chamber.

[0010] As a further optimization of the present invention, an air inlet pipe communicating with the air chamber is connected to the outer periphery of the burner housing.

[0011] As a further optimization of the present invention, the burner core assembly includes a core tube, and multiple core tubes arranged circumferentially around the ignition gun are installed in the combustion chamber, and multiple core tubes are connected to the gas splitter.

[0012] As a further optimization of the present invention, the burner core assembly further includes an air cyclone separator, which is installed at the end of the multiple core tubes and the ignition gun near the nozzle to accelerate the discharge of ignition gas and air toward the nozzle.

[0013] As a further optimization of the present invention, the gas diversion component includes a diversion shroud and a gas inlet pipe. The other end of the burner housing is equipped with a diversion shroud that communicates with multiple core tubes, and the outer periphery of the diversion shroud is connected to the gas inlet pipe.

[0014] As a further optimization of the present invention, the end of the ignition gun near the diffuser has a constriction section to narrow the internal channel of the ignition gun, forming a Venturi ejector structure.

[0015] As a further optimization of the present invention, the nozzle is tapered outward from the burner housing end to form a horn structure.

[0016] As a further optimization of the present invention, a fixing ring is installed inside the combustion chamber of the burner housing, and the outer periphery of the fixing ring is connected to the inner wall of the inner cover, and multiple core tubes are fixed on the fixing ring.

[0017] As a further optimization of the present invention, a flange is fixed to the outer periphery of the burner shell, and the flange is provided with mounting holes.

[0018] The above-described technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0019] 1. In operation, the gas is delivered through a gas distributor to multiple core tubes distributed around the ignition gun. The gas is then ignited by the ignition gun and discharged through the nozzle. During this process, external air enters the air chamber inside the burner housing through the air inlet pipe and then enters the combustion chamber to mix with the ignition gas, thus premixing the air and ignition gas. This effectively enhances the stability of the ignition flame and reduces the generation of nitrogen oxides. The above-mentioned staged air supply from gas combustion to air mixing results in a low excess air coefficient, effectively reducing NOx generation. This design not only effectively enhances the stability of the ignition flame, enabling low-calorific-value gas to burn quickly and stably in the early stages of ignition, avoiding problems such as incomplete combustion due to low calorific value and difficulty in ignition, but also makes the combustion process more uniform by controlling the premixing ratio of air and gas, further reducing the amount of nitrogen oxides generated.

[0020] 2. In this invention, an air cyclone separator is installed at the end of multiple core tubes and the ignition gun near the nozzle. The air cyclone separator can accelerate the discharge of gas in the core tubes, so that the ignition gas and air form a rotating external vortex, which improves the mixing effect between the two. The above makes the ignition gas and air more fully and evenly mixed, thereby improving the combustion conditions, making the flame more stable, and avoiding combustion instability such as flameout. At the same time, the full mixing can further reduce the occurrence of local high temperature areas during combustion, reduce the generation of nitrogen oxides, and improve the overall combustion performance and reliability of the burner.

[0021] 3. The ignition gun of the present invention adopts a Venturi ejector structure, which can effectively improve the mixing efficiency of ignition gas and air, providing good initial conditions for combustion. Furthermore, the gas used is pure oxygen, which can further reduce NOx generation. The above design not only helps to solve the problems of poor combustion stability and difficulty in ignition of low-calorific-value gas, but also greatly reduces the emission of harmful gases during combustion, improving the environmental performance and combustion efficiency of the burner. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a low-calorific-value burner proposed in this invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ignition gun of the present invention.

[0024] Reference numerals: 1. Burner housing; 101. Air inlet pipe; 102. Flange; 103. Retaining ring; 2. Separator; 21. Inner cover; 22. Opening; 3. Ignition gun; 4. Burner core assembly; 41. Core tube; 42. Air cyclone separator; 5. Gas flow divider; 51. Flow divider shroud; 52. Gas inlet pipe; 6. Nozzle. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these descriptions are merely exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the invention.

[0026] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a low calorific value burner, which includes a burner housing 1;

[0027] A partition 2 is installed inside the burner housing 1, and the partition 2 divides the burner housing 1 into a combustion chamber and an air chamber. A nozzle 6 communicating with the combustion chamber is installed at one end of the burner housing 1. An ignition gun 3 is installed inside the burner housing 1, located inside the combustion chamber and facing the nozzle 6.

[0028] A burner core assembly 4 is installed in the combustion chamber and arranged around the ignition gun 3. A gas diversion component 5 is installed at the other end of the burner housing 1 to introduce low-calorific-value gas into the burner core assembly 4.

[0029] The separation element 2 divides the combustion chamber and air chamber into independent combustion chambers, achieving spatial separation and mutual coordination between gas combustion and air supply. The burner core assembly 4 is arranged around the ignition gun 3, allowing the gas to be evenly distributed from multiple directions, avoiding local gas concentrations that are too high or too low.

[0030] During operation, the gas distributor 5 delivers low-calorific-value gas to the burner core assembly 4. The gas is discharged to the nozzle 6, and the ignition gun 3 ignites the gas, enabling the low-calorific-value gas to be concentrated and ignited in a preset area. The distribution of multiple burner core assemblies 4 increases the contact area between the gas and the air that subsequently enters, laying the foundation for stable combustion in the initial stage. At the same time, external air enters the combustion chamber, forming a staged air supply, which allows the flame to be stably ejected from the nozzle 6, while avoiding uneven combustion caused by local gas accumulation and effectively reducing the risk of flameout.

[0031] In this embodiment, the separator 2 includes an inner cover 21, which is installed inside the burner housing 1. The combustion chamber and the air chamber are separated by the inner cover 21. The outer periphery of the inner cover 21 has openings 22 that communicate with the air chamber and the combustion chamber respectively. The openings 22 are used for air to enter the combustion chamber from the air chamber. When the air enters the combustion chamber through the openings 22, it can initially contact and mix with the ignition gas discharged from the burner core assembly 4, avoiding local excess or deficiency of air. This provides sufficient oxygen for gas combustion and prevents local high temperatures caused by uneven air distribution. This design can improve the uniformity of combustion, reduce the generation of nitrogen oxides, enhance flame stability, and alleviate the problem of difficulty in igniting low-calorific-value gas.

[0032] In this embodiment, an air inlet pipe 101 communicating with the air chamber is connected to the outer periphery of the burner housing 1. The air inlet pipe 101 provides a continuous and stable air source for the burner, ensuring that the air chamber always maintains a sufficient amount of air. Air is continuously supplied to the combustion chamber through the opening 22. The stable air supply keeps the mixing ratio of ignition gas and air within a reasonable range, which not only meets the oxygen required for combustion, but also prevents local high temperature caused by excessive air, further reducing nitrogen oxide emissions. At the same time, it ensures the continuity of the combustion process and avoids flame extinguishing or incomplete combustion due to insufficient air.

[0033] In this embodiment, the burner core assembly 4 includes a core tube 41. Multiple core tubes 41 are installed in the combustion chamber and arranged circumferentially around the ignition gun 3. All core tubes 41 are connected to the gas distribution component 5. The circumferential distribution of multiple core tubes 41 allows the gas to be evenly sprayed from multiple points around the ignition gun 3, increasing the contact area between the ignition gas and the air. Compared with a single gas channel, this design makes the ignition gas diffusion more uniform, avoiding incomplete combustion caused by excessively high local gas concentration or ignition difficulty caused by excessively low concentration. At the same time, the evenly distributed ignition gas can form a more stable mixing field with the air, improving combustion stability, reducing flameout, and providing structural support for subsequent complete combustion and low nitrogen emissions.

[0034] It should be noted that the core tube 41 has an elliptical or near-elliptical cross-section structure, which can reduce the flow resistance of the gas and improve the combustion efficiency, thereby reducing NOx and CO emissions.

[0035] In this embodiment, the burner core assembly 4 also includes an air cyclone separator 42. The air cyclone separator 42 is installed at the end of the multiple core tubes 41 and the ignition gun 3 near the nozzle 6 to accelerate the discharge of ignition gas and air towards the nozzle 6. The air cyclone separator 42 is located on the discharge path after the ignition gas and air are mixed. Its function is to guide the airflow to rotate through its own structure, accelerate the discharge speed of the gas in the core tube 41, and at the same time drive the surrounding air to form a rotating airflow. The rotating airflow can generate centrifugal force, causing the ignition gas and air to collide and mix violently during the rotation, so that the two are mixed more fully and evenly, solving the problem of insufficient mixing in direct combustion, improving flame stability, and effectively avoiding flameout. At the same time, rotating combustion can disperse heat, reduce the formation of local high-temperature areas, and inhibit the generation of nitrogen oxides from the source.

[0036] In this embodiment, the gas diversion component 5 includes a diversion shroud 51 and a gas inlet pipe 52. The other end of the burner housing 1 is equipped with a diversion shroud 51 that communicates with multiple core tubes 41. The outer periphery of the diversion shroud 51 is connected to the gas inlet pipe 52. After the gas enters the diversion shroud 51 through the gas inlet pipe 52, the diversion shroud 51 distributes the concentrated gas evenly to each core tube 41, ensuring that the gas supply to each core tube 41 is consistent. The uniform gas distribution keeps the amount of gas sprayed from multiple core tubes 41 balanced, avoiding the situation where there is too much gas in some areas and too little gas in some areas. This ensures the consistency of the ignition gas-air mixing ratio. The stable gas supply not only improves the combustion stability but also makes the combustion process more controllable, further reducing nitrogen oxide emissions.

[0037] It should be noted that pure oxygen is used in the combustion gas to reduce NOx generation during ignition.

[0038] In this embodiment, the end of the ignition gun 3 near the flow divider 51 has a constriction section to narrow the internal channel of the ignition gun 3, forming a Venturi ejector structure. This structure utilizes the principle that the fluid velocity increases and the pressure decreases in the constriction channel, which can actively eject the surrounding air into the ignition gun 3. The Venturi ejector structure improves the mixing efficiency of the ignition gas and air, allowing a uniform gas-air mixture to be formed instantly upon ignition. This solves the problem of high ignition temperature and difficulty in ignition of low-calorific-value gas. The uniformly mixed mixture can be quickly ignited to form a stable initial flame, providing a reliable ignition source for the combustion of the gas ejected from the core tube 41. At the same time, the thorough mixing and combustion during the ignition stage can reduce the generation of nitrogen oxides in the initial stage, and the stable initial flame can promote the overall combustion stability, avoiding ignition failure or unstable flame.

[0039] In this embodiment, the burner nozzle 6 is tapered outward from the burner housing 1 to form a horn structure. The tapered structure can concentrate the flame after combustion, improve the rigidity and stability of the flame, and avoid heat loss and combustion instability caused by flame dispersion. The horn-shaped outlet design allows the flame to form a stable flow field when it is discharged, ensuring that the heat is concentrated and transferred to the target heating area, improving heating efficiency. At the same time, the concentrated flame can reduce excessive mixing with the outside cold air, preventing the flame from being extinguished by the cold air, and further ensuring the continuity and stability of combustion.

[0040] In this embodiment, a fixing ring 103 located in the combustion chamber is installed inside the burner housing 1, and the outer periphery of the fixing ring 103 is connected to the inner wall of the inner cover 21. Multiple core tubes 41 are fixed on the fixing ring 103. The fixing ring 103 ensures that the multiple core tubes 41 always maintain a circumferential distribution structure around the ignition gun 3, and mainly plays the role of installation and fixation.

[0041] In this embodiment, a flange 102 is fixed to the outer periphery of the burner housing 1, and mounting holes are provided on the flange 102; the design of the flange 102 allows the burner housing 1 to be installed on the target equipment, avoiding displacement or detachment of the burner housing 1 due to vibration during operation.

[0042] The specific working principle of this invention is as follows:

[0043] The burner is mounted on the target equipment via the flange 102 on the outer periphery of the burner housing 1. Low-calorific-value gas enters the distribution shroud 51 through the gas inlet pipe 52. The distribution shroud 51 evenly distributes the gas into multiple core tubes 41. External air enters the air chamber through the air inlet pipe 101 and enters the combustion chamber through the opening 22 on the outer periphery of the inner casing 21 to provide oxygen for combustion. The ignition gun 3 has a converging section at one end near the distribution shroud 51, forming a Venturi ejector structure that actively ejects surrounding air into the ignition gun 3. After being fully mixed with the ignition gas, the ignition gun 3 ignites to produce an initial flame. At the same time, the ignition gas ejected from the core tubes 41 is initially mixed with the air in the combustion chamber. Under the action of the air vortex 42, the gas and air form a rotating outer vortex, further improving the mixing uniformity. The fully mixed gas and air mixture burns in the combustion chamber. The flame after combustion is guided by the converging horn structure of the nozzle 6, converged, and stably discharged to the target heating area to achieve heating.

[0044] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but the embodiments are not limited to the specific implementation methods described above. The specific implementation methods described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of the embodiments described above, all of which are within the protection scope of the embodiments described above.

Claims

1. A low-calorific-value burner, characterized in that, Including the burner housing (1); A partition (2) is installed inside the burner housing (1), and the partition (2) divides the burner housing (1) into a combustion chamber and an air chamber. A nozzle (6) communicating with the combustion chamber is installed at one end of the burner housing (1). An ignition gun (3) is installed inside the burner housing (1) and is located inside the combustion chamber and facing the nozzle (6). The combustion chamber is equipped with a burner core assembly (4) arranged around the ignition gun (3), and the other end of the burner housing (1) is equipped with a gas diversion device (5) that introduces low-calorific-value gas into the burner core assembly (4).

2. A low-calorific-value burner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The separator (2) includes an inner cover (21), which is installed inside the burner housing (1) and the combustion chamber and the air chamber are separated by the inner cover (21). The outer periphery of the inner cover (21) has openings (22) that communicate with the air chamber and the combustion chamber respectively, and the openings (22) are used for air in the air chamber to enter the combustion chamber.

3. A low-calorific-value burner according to claim 2, characterized in that, An air inlet pipe (101) communicating with the air chamber is connected to the outer periphery of the burner housing (1).

4. A low-calorific-value burner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The burner core assembly (4) includes a core tube (41), and multiple core tubes (41) arranged circumferentially around the ignition gun (3) are installed in the combustion chamber, and multiple core tubes (41) are connected to the gas diversion component (5).

5. A low-calorific-value burner according to claim 4, characterized in that, The burner core assembly (4) also includes an air cyclone separator (42), which is installed at one end of the multiple core tubes (41) and the ignition gun (3) near the nozzle (6) to accelerate the discharge of ignition gas and air toward the nozzle (6).

6. A low-calorific-value burner according to claim 4, characterized in that, The gas diversion component (5) includes a diversion shroud (51) and a gas inlet pipe (52). The other end of the burner housing (1) is equipped with a diversion shroud (51) that communicates with multiple core tubes (41). The outer periphery of the diversion shroud (51) is connected to the gas inlet pipe (52).

7. A low-calorific-value burner according to claim 6, characterized in that, The ignition gun (3) has a constricted section at one end near the diffuser (51) to narrow the channel inside the ignition gun (3) and form a Venturi ejector structure.

8. A low-calorific-value burner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nozzle (6) is tapered outward from the end of the burner housing (1) to form a horn structure.

9. A low-calorific-value burner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The burner housing (1) is equipped with a fixing ring (103) located in the combustion chamber, and the outer periphery of the fixing ring (103) is connected to the inner wall of the inner cover (21). Multiple core tubes (41) are fixed on the fixing ring (103).

10. A low-calorific-value burner according to claim 1, characterized in that, A flange (102) is fixed to the outer periphery of the burner housing (1), and mounting holes are provided on the flange (102).

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