Thermoelectric product marketable pricing method based on aviation income management theory

Abstract

The invention discloses a thermoelectric product marketable pricing method based on an aviation income management theory. The method comprises the following steps: S1, constructing a power supply income index and a heat supply income index, and calculating an electric energy income and a heat energy income of the previous period; s2, calculating an equivalent power supply income index and a heat supply income index of unit steam according to the power supply energy income and the heat supply energy income of the previous period, and comparing the equivalent power supply income index and the heat supply income index; and S3, if the difference value between the calculated power supply income index and the calculated heat supply income index is greater than a set threshold value, anchoring the electric energy price, and performing dynamic pricing of the heat price again. According to the invention, by innovatively introducing an aviation income management theory, a dynamic pricing system of going on the market is constructed, and the problems that a pricing mechanism is rigid and the thermoelectric income is unbalanced in marketization reform of a combined heat and power supply enterprise are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of thermoelectric product pricing technology, and in particular to a market-based pricing method for thermoelectric products based on aviation revenue management theory. Background Technology

[0002] Faced with increasingly fierce market competition, pricing for thermal power companies, especially combined heat and power (CHP) companies, has become a crucial factor in their future profitability. However, the pricing methods of the vast majority of companies are quite outdated.

[0003] Existing technologies generally use cost-based pricing to price products. Initially, pricing considers covering the costs known in the electric heating industry as the "four expenses," namely fixed asset depreciation, labor costs, power supply costs, and heating costs. Specifically, these are accounted for as depreciation of generating units, employee salaries, coal and natural gas prices, and maintenance and repair costs. Based on this, the final specific price is determined with reference to the previous period's fuel prices and the expected profit for the current year.

[0004] However, while cost-based pricing was reasonable in the era of planned electricity and the pre-electricity market era, it is completely unable to reflect market signals and deviates from market demand in an increasingly competitive market environment.

[0005] Specifically, a comparison of coal, natural gas, electricity, and heat prices in recent years, especially in 2021, reveals that fluctuations in upstream prices are largely ineffective in transmitting to downstream prices. Coal prices rose by nearly 300%, but electricity prices only saw a capped increase of 20%. Although fuel futures prices were taken into account, the fluctuations in electricity and heat prices are inherently limited compared to coal prices, rendering them practically meaningless. Furthermore, multi-process pricing methods are overly complex and inflexible, and anchoring profit targets implicitly restricts already limited profit margins. For companies that have suffered losses for years, this not only fails to restore profitability but also amplifies management deficiencies. From a thermodynamic perspective, many scholars have pointed out that combined heat and power (CHP) is essentially a process of cascading energy utilization: the commonly used heating steam is the exhaust steam from the low-pressure cylinders of steam turbines, and its low-grade heat energy can be used for both heating and power generation. This physical coupling determines the strong correlation between electricity and heat production. The root cause of this efficiency loss lies in the fact that the traditional operating model has failed to solve the problem of "thermal-electric coupling," exposing the structural contradictions of the comprehensive energy utilization system. The essence of this multi-objective conflict is the unreachability of Pareto optimality. The suboptimal equilibrium theory points out that when there are multiple market distortions, pursuing a single optimal solution will reduce the overall efficiency of the system.

[0006] Therefore, the cost-based pricing method used in existing technologies cannot meet the current pricing needs of combined heat and power (CHP) companies. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention provides a market-based pricing method for cogeneration products based on aviation revenue management theory. By innovatively introducing aviation revenue management theory, it constructs a dynamic pricing system based on market conditions, solving the problems of rigid pricing mechanisms and imbalanced cogeneration revenue for cogeneration enterprises during market-oriented reforms.

[0008] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a market-based pricing method for thermoelectric products based on aviation revenue management theory, including:

[0009] Construct power supply revenue indicators and heating revenue indicators, and calculate the electricity and heat revenue of the previous period.

[0010] Calculate and compare the equivalent power generation revenue and heating revenue per unit of steam based on the power generation energy revenue and heating energy revenue of the previous period;

[0011] If the difference between the calculated electricity revenue index and the heating revenue index is greater than the set threshold, the price of electricity will be anchored, and the heating price will be dynamically re-priced.

[0012] Optionally, the dynamic pricing of heat prices, anchored to electricity prices, includes:

[0013] The heating revenue corresponding to the heating price in this period shall not be lower than the electricity revenue corresponding to the electricity product price in the same period last year.

[0014] Optionally, the power supply revenue indicator is:

[0015]

[0016] Among them, R E Revenue generated from electricity price; R C For capacity electricity price revenue; Q E d0 represents the amount of electricity sold; d0 represents the power generation steam consumption rate.

[0017] Optionally, the heating revenue indicator is:

[0018]

[0019] R H Revenue generated from heat sales, Q H This refers to the number of heat units sold.

[0020] Optional, R E The calculation formula is:

[0021]

[0022] in, These are the three market price indicators for the medium- and long-term electricity market: the annual market price, the pre-month market price, and the intra-month market price.

[0023] These are the annual quota, the electricity price before the month, and the electricity consumption within the month, respectively.

[0024] To generate revenue from spot trading in a single month, Revenue is generated from ancillary services in a single month.

[0025] Optional, R C The calculation formula is:

[0026]

[0027] Where, d FLT The percentage deducted for violations. E represents the capacity-based electricity price per unit for coal-fired power units. coal This refers to the nameplate capacity of the coal-fired power unit.

[0028] Optional, d FLT The calculation formula is:

[0029]

[0030] Where, n FLT This represents the number of violations.

[0031] Optional, R H The calculation formula is:

[0032]

[0033] Among them, P H This refers to the monthly selling price per unit; Q H This represents the monthly heat sales volume.

[0034] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0035] 1. To address the problem that existing cost-plus pricing methods cannot transmit market signals, a dynamic pricing method based on demand elasticity is proposed. By converting the revenue of thermal power products into a unified dimensional index (eRBMCR / hRBMCR), real-time linkage between prices and market supply and demand is achieved, resolving the core contradiction of traditional pricing being "anchored to cost and deviating from the market," breaking through the limitations of cost-oriented pricing, and establishing a market-responsive pricing mechanism.

[0036] 2. Innovate the heat and power revenue balance model and propose the pricing logic of "heat determined by electricity": Based on the steam revenue of the power supply business unit (eRBMCR), the heating revenue index (hRBMCR) is kept no lower than the power supply benchmark level by dynamically adjusting the heat price, thereby quantifying and balancing the implicit costs of cogeneration (environmental protection, carbon emissions, market opportunity costs, etc.) and improving the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency.

[0037] 3. Introduce the RBMCR (Revenue Per Unit Capacity) indicator from aviation revenue management theory, integrate diversified revenues from the electricity market (annual contracts, pre-month bidding, intra-month spot market, capacity pricing, and ancillary services) with heat sales revenue, establish a comprehensive revenue assessment model, solve the problem of the lack of unified quantitative standards in traditional pricing, and achieve scientific pricing.

[0038] 4. To address the issues of complex pricing approval processes and long adjustment cycles (quarterly) in the existing pricing system, a closed-loop dynamic pricing process of "monitoring-evaluation-adjustment" is designed. This process monitors the deviation between eRBMCR and hRBMCR in real time, and automatically triggers price adjustments when the deviation exceeds a threshold, thereby optimizing the price adjustment mechanism and improving market responsiveness. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a market-based pricing method for thermoelectric products based on aviation revenue management theory, provided as an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a flowchart for setting a dynamic heat price, provided as an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, and not all of the structures.

[0042] Example

[0043] This invention addresses the problems of rigid pricing mechanisms and imbalanced revenue between heat and power in cogeneration enterprises during market-oriented reforms. It innovatively introduces aviation revenue management theory to construct a dynamic pricing system that "follows market trends".

[0044] In aviation revenue management, relevant indicators are widely used in the industry to evaluate business profitability. Therefore, this invention proposes some revenue indicators corresponding to aviation revenue management. Based on the production and operation principles of thermal power plants, corresponding concepts are constructed and tabulated as shown in the table below, serving as indicators for considering the revenue of thermoelectric coupling systems. See the table below for details:

[0045] Comparison of Revenue Management Indicators between Aviation and Thermal Power Industries

[0046]

[0047] It is evident that the revenue indicators of a thermal power plant are necessarily a function of both electricity supply revenue and heating revenue. Specifically:

[0048] RBMCR = f(eRBMCR, hRBMCR)

[0049] Wherein, eRBMCR is the hourly steam revenue per unit of power supply (yuan / ton of steam), which serves as the power supply revenue indicator in this embodiment;

[0050] hRBMCR is the hourly steam revenue per unit of heating (yuan / ton of steam), which serves as the heating revenue indicator in this embodiment.

[0051] See further Figure 1 , Figure 1 A flowchart of a market-based pricing method for thermoelectric products based on aviation revenue management theory, provided for embodiments of the present invention, specifically includes the following steps:

[0052] S1. Construct power supply revenue indicators and heating revenue indicators, and calculate the power energy revenue and heating energy revenue of the previous period.

[0053] In this embodiment, the prices and sales volumes of all electric heaters should use the actual data from the previous period's transaction data.

[0054] Since the heating service itself uses steam as the carrier, the heating revenue index hRBMCR can be directly reflected in the average heat price, and its calculation method can be expressed as follows:

[0055]

[0056] Electricity revenue is complex, therefore the eRBMCR (Electric Revenue Beneficiary Ratio) needs to be calculated comprehensively for comparison. Revenue from electricity supply services should include revenue from the electricity market and revenue from generator capacity. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0057]

[0058] With these indicators, the company can analyze the revenue situation over a certain period of time. The main method is to calculate the revenue indicators for power supply and heating, and then directly compare the values. This will intuitively show the difference in revenue between the two.

[0059] The calculation process for each revenue indicator is listed below: All revenue indicators are set as the revenue obtained by a combined heat and power (CHP) enterprise in the electricity and heat markets within a natural year. Considering the nature of the revenue, there are three types: electricity price revenue, capacity price revenue, and heat revenue. The total revenue function can be expressed as:

[0060] R = R E +R C +R H

[0061] In the formula: R (Revenue) – the total revenue (in ten thousand yuan) that the enterprise earns in a specified market within one year.

[0062] R E (Electric) — Revenue generated from electricity price (in ten thousand yuan);

[0063] R C (Capacity) – Revenue from electricity pricing based on capacity (in ten thousand yuan);

[0064] R H (Heat) – Revenue generated from heat sales (in ten thousand yuan);

[0065] Electricity and electricity price revenue function: Revenue generated through electricity and electricity prices is the sum of the products of electricity prices and electricity volumes for each generating unit over 12 months. According to policy interpretation, electricity and electricity prices do not differentiate between generating unit types except for numerical differences; their sum is the sum of all generating unit prices. Therefore, the core formula is:

[0066]

[0067] In the formula: P E (Price) is the unit price of electricity (yuan / (MW·h));

[0068] Q E (Quantity) represents the amount of electricity sold (104 kWh).

[0069] From a market segmentation perspective, the revenue from electricity and electricity prices must be the sum of the revenue from all three markets:

[0070]

[0071] In the formula: (Wholesale) refers to the revenue (in ten thousand yuan) generated from medium- and long-term transactions in a single month;

[0072] (Spot) represents the monthly revenue (in ten thousand yuan) generated from spot trading.

[0073] (Service) is the revenue (in ten thousand yuan) generated from auxiliary services in a single month;

[0074] This embodiment focuses on medium- and long-term market revenue. According to the spirit of documents issued by the National Energy Administration and a certain province regarding medium- and long-term transactions, these transactions include multiple categories over (multiple) years. Based on the actual situation of the combined heat and power company, the transaction categories that should be considered for medium- and long-term revenue in this model are annual transactions, pre-monthly transactions, and intra-monthly transactions. The number of intra-monthly transactions is not fixed and will be treated as an average value in practice. Therefore, with a time scale of one year, the total revenue of this model for all transaction types in the medium- and long-term market should be:

[0075]

[0076] In the formula: These are the annual, pre-month, and intra-month electricity prices (yuan / (MW·h));

[0077] These are the annual volume, the volume before the month, and the volume within the month (10). 4 kW·h).

[0078] Since this invention discusses trading behavior in the medium to long term market, spot market and auxiliary market transactions will not be discussed in detail. In summary, the electricity price revenue function is:

[0079]

[0080] The capacity-based electricity price revenue function is as follows: the revenue obtained through capacity-based electricity prices is the sum of the product of the capacity of each unit and the capacity-based electricity price over 12 months. The core formula is...

[0081]

[0082] In the formula: P C —Capacity-based electricity price per unit (RMB / (kW·year));

[0083] E – Maximum output of the unit (MW).

[0084] The policy stipulates that if a coal-fired power unit fails to provide the maximum output as requested by the dispatching authority, its capacity charge will be reduced accordingly. If this occurs twice in a month, 10% of the monthly capacity charge will be reduced; three times, 50%; and four or more times, 100%. Coal-fired power units that have all their monthly capacity charges reduced three times within a calendar year will have their eligibility revoked. However, in reality, the probability of a coal-fired power unit violating this rule more than four times in a single month is very low.

[0085]

[0086] In the formula: The revenue from capacity electricity pricing for coal-fired power units (in ten thousand yuan);

[0087] The unit price of electricity per unit capacity for coal-fired power units (RMB / (kW·year));

[0088] E coal Nameplate capacity (MW) of coal-fired power units;

[0089] d FLT The percentage of penalties for violations (%);

[0090] n FLT This represents the number of violations (times).

[0091] The summation represents the capacity charge revenue. Since the number of violations significantly impacts capacity charge revenue, which in turn affects the setting of heat prices, a sensitivity analysis is necessary. Therefore, the number of violations will be included as a parameter in the subsequent model operation. Whether the full capacity charge is obtained is related to the maintenance status.

[0092]

[0093] The revenue function for the heat market is as follows: Heat sales are conducted regardless of unit type; the total revenue is the sum of all heating supply lines. The core pricing formula is:

[0094]

[0095] In the formula: P H The monthly sales price per unit (RMB / GJ);

[0096] Q H This represents the monthly heat sales volume (GJ).

[0097] S2. Calculate and compare the equivalent power generation revenue and heating revenue per unit of steam based on the power generation energy revenue and heating energy revenue of the previous period.

[0098] S3. If the difference between the calculated power supply revenue index and the heating revenue index is greater than the set threshold, the price of electricity will be anchored, and the heating price will be dynamically re-priced.

[0099] For example, if the threshold is set to ±10%, the current pricing can be largely continued when the difference between the electricity revenue index and the heating revenue index does not exceed 2%. If the difference is too large, the heating price will be dynamically re-priced based on the electricity price.

[0100] This embodiment proposes a "going-rate pricing" method based on electricity demand and market conditions: The company's revenue from electricity and heat products in a given period is converted into a dimensional index related to steam under typical unit operating conditions, which competes with the company's electricity products. This ensures that the corresponding index for heat prices in the current period is not lower than the corresponding index for electricity prices in the same period last year, thus achieving dynamic pricing.

[0101]

[0102] See further Figure 2 The dynamic pricing in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0103] Step 1: Calculate the electrical and thermal energy gains from the previous period.

[0104] Step 2: Calculate and compare the revenue management metric RMBCR. When comparing revenue from electric heating energy, it's important to note that revenue from electric heating energy should include not only the wholesale market but also the retail market, ancillary markets, and capacity revenue.

[0105] Step 3: Dynamic pricing. The price of heat is dynamically re-priced, anchored to the price of electricity.

[0106] The dynamic pricing method provided in this embodiment has at least three advantages over the existing pricing methods: First, it shifts from anchoring to cost to anchoring to competing products, which is more in line with the peak and off-peak seasons of electric heating products and can increase revenue during peak seasons; second, the pricing strategy has a theoretical basis and will not lead to the inefficient management situation of chaotic pricing again; third, the pricing strategy is supported by facts, and even if prices are raised, it can largely avoid downstream users from accusing the cogeneration company of monopolistic behavior.

[0107] Note that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include many other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, the scope of which is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A market-based pricing method for thermoelectric products based on aviation revenue management theory, characterized in that, include: S1. Construct power supply revenue indicators and heating revenue indicators, and calculate the electricity and heat revenue of the previous period. S2. Calculate and compare the equivalent power generation revenue and heating revenue per unit of steam based on the power generation energy revenue and heating energy revenue of the previous period. S3. If the difference between the calculated power supply revenue index and the heating revenue index is greater than the set threshold, then the price of electricity will be anchored and the heating price will be dynamically re-priced.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The anchoring of electricity prices and the dynamic repricing of heat prices include: The heating revenue corresponding to the heating price in this period shall not be lower than the electricity revenue corresponding to the electricity product price in the same period last year.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply revenue indicator is: Among them, R E Revenue generated from electricity price; R C For capacity electricity price revenue; Q E d0 represents the amount of electricity sold; d0 represents the power generation steam consumption rate.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating revenue indicator is: Among them, R H Revenue generated from heat sales, Q H This refers to the quantity of heat sold.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, R E The calculation formula is: in, These are the three market price indicators for the medium- and long-term electricity market: the annual market price, the pre-month market price, and the intra-month market price. These are the annual quota, the electricity price before the month, and the electricity consumption within the month, respectively. To generate revenue from spot trading in a single month, Revenue is generated from ancillary services in a single month.

6. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, R C The calculation formula is: Where, d FLT The percentage deducted for violations. E represents the capacity-based electricity price per unit for coal-fired power units. coal This refers to the nameplate capacity of the coal-fired power unit.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, R H The calculation formula is: Among them, P H This refers to the monthly selling price per unit; Q H This represents the monthly heat sales volume.

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