Thin film capacitor structure for nuclear fusion device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of capacitors, in particular to a film capacitor structure for a nuclear fusion device, which comprises a composite shell mechanism, an elliptic cylinder core mechanism is packaged in the composite shell mechanism, terminal shielding mechanisms are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the composite shell mechanism, and a safety protection mechanism is arranged outside the composite shell mechanism. The composite shell mechanism comprises an ellipsoid shell, and the ellipsoid shell is composed of two hemispherical shells which are symmetrical to each other. The composite shell mechanism is arranged, two titanium alloy hemispherical shells are welded to form a long ellipsoid shell, firm packaging with excellent pressure-bearing and vibration-resistant characteristics can be provided for the internal elliptic cylinder core mechanism, in addition, the lead-boron glass composite shielding layer on the inner wall of the mounting cavity can efficiently absorb high-flux neutron radiation, and the shielding effect is good. And an organic dielectric film in the elliptic cylinder core mechanism can be effectively prevented from being degraded, so that the long-term structural integrity and performance stability of the capacitor are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of capacitor technology, and more particularly to a thin-film capacitor structure for nuclear fusion devices. Background Technology

[0002] Nuclear fusion, as an ideal clean energy source for the future, relies on high-performance pulsed power systems for its operation. Thin-film capacitors, due to their high energy density, low equivalent series resistance, and excellent fast charging and discharging capabilities, have become the core components of capacitor energy storage units in such pulsed power systems. However, the internal working environment of nuclear fusion devices is extremely harsh. Not only is there an extremely strong neutron radiation field, which can easily cause ionization and displacement damage to organic dielectric materials, leading to dielectric degradation, increased leakage current, and capacity decay, but the internal temperature also exceeds 100 degrees Celsius for extended periods.

[0003] To address these challenges, existing thin-film capacitors typically employ a simple stacked dielectric and continuous metallized electrode structure. First, their mechanical structure is mostly a cylindrical shell and a simple stacked core, resulting in limited space utilization and generally low energy density, making it difficult to meet the compact and high-energy storage requirements of fusion devices. Second, they lack a dedicated integrated shielding structure for neutron radiation, making the dielectric susceptible to radiation-induced degradation. Furthermore, heat dissipation designs often rely on single air cooling or simple shell conduction, resulting in insufficient thermal management efficiency and a tendency for heat accumulation failure. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a thin-film capacitor structure for nuclear fusion devices. It solves the technical problems of existing thin-film capacitors lacking shielding structures against neutron radiation and failing to meet the requirements of fusion devices for compactness and high energy storage. It has the advantages of effectively preventing degradation of organic dielectric films and achieving efficient thermal management in a compact space.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a thin-film capacitor structure for a nuclear fusion device, comprising a composite shell mechanism, wherein an elliptical cylindrical core mechanism is encapsulated inside the composite shell mechanism, terminal shielding mechanisms are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the composite shell mechanism, and a safety protection mechanism is arranged outside the composite shell mechanism. The composite shell mechanism can provide a reliable mounting and sealing base point for the terminal shielding mechanism, and can also reserve a structural interface for the integration of the safety protection mechanism. The composite shell mechanism includes an ellipsoidal shell, which is composed of two mutually symmetrical hemispherical shells. The two hemispherical shells form a mounting cavity. The elliptical cylindrical core mechanism is located inside the mounting cavity. The space between the elliptical cylindrical core mechanism and the inner wall of the mounting cavity is filled with an insulating liquid. The insulating liquid is a fluorinated carbon liquid, which can fill gaps and eliminate air, so that the inside of the mounting cavity is in a liquid medium with high insulation strength, which can greatly improve the overall withstand voltage rating of the capacitor.

[0006] Preferably, a composite shielding layer is provided on the inner wall of the mounting cavity, and several annular reinforcing ribs are provided on the outside of the ellipsoidal shell. The composite shielding layer is made of lead-boron glass composite layer and is integrally formed with the ellipsoidal shell to enhance the overall mechanical strength and radiation protection capability of the capacitor. The annular reinforcing ribs are used to enhance the vibration resistance performance, thereby adapting to the strong vibration environment of the fusion device.

[0007] Preferably, the ellipsoidal shell is provided with heat dissipation fins on its exterior. The heat dissipation fins are spiral-shaped to improve the efficiency of convective heat dissipation, thereby cooperating with the internal fluorocarbon liquid for heat dissipation.

[0008] Preferably, the elliptical cylindrical core mechanism includes a composite dielectric film, which is wound to form a core. The core is elliptical cylindrical with an elliptical cross-section and is formed by winding multiple layers of composite dielectric film. Compared with the traditional cylindrical shape, it can make more efficient use of installation space and improve the overall energy density.

[0009] Preferably, the composite dielectric film is fabricated with metal electrodes, which are distributed in a spiral shape on the surface of the composite dielectric film. The metal electrodes are made of tungsten-aluminum alloy, and the spiral is divided into multiple segments with gaps between them. The gaps between the segments change in a gradient along the core axis, with smaller gaps in the central region and larger gaps in the edge region.

[0010] Preferably, the terminal shielding mechanism includes fixed ceramic sleeves, two of which are fixedly installed at both ends of the ellipsoidal shell. A metal conductor rod is provided through the interior of the fixed ceramic sleeve. One end of the metal conductor rod is connected to the core inside the mounting cavity, and the other end of the metal conductor rod is located outside the ellipsoidal shell. A sealing structure is provided at the connection between the fixed ceramic sleeve and the ellipsoidal shell. The sealing structure is located at the contact surface between the fixed ceramic sleeve and the ellipsoidal shell and is usually sealed by a metallization layer and solder, thereby ensuring that the mounting cavity is in a completely sealed state.

[0011] Preferably, the outer cover of the fixed ceramic sleeve is provided with a shielding sleeve, and the inside of the shielding sleeve is provided with an insulating skeleton parallel to the metal conductor rod. An inductor coil is spirally wound on the outside of the insulating skeleton. One end of the inductor coil is connected to the metal conductor rod, and the other end of the inductor coil is connected to the inner wall of the shielding sleeve.

[0012] Preferably, the safety protection mechanism includes a mounting groove formed on the ellipsoidal shell, a circular rupture disc fixedly installed inside the mounting groove, a short pipe valve seat fixedly installed on the mounting groove by threads, a splash shield connected to the upper end of the short pipe valve seat, a columnar valve cavity formed inside the short pipe valve seat, a circular valve flap movably installed inside the columnar valve cavity, and the circular rupture disc is a notched rupture diaphragm. When the pressure inside the capacitor exceeds the threshold due to gas generation caused by a fault, the circular rupture disc will automatically rupture.

[0013] Preferably, the columnar valve cavity is composed of an upper valve cavity and a lower valve cavity. The cross-sectional diameter of the upper valve cavity is larger than that of the lower valve cavity. Initially, the circular valve disc is located inside the lower valve cavity and is slidably connected to the lower valve cavity.

[0014] Preferably, a movable protrusion is hinged to the inner wall of the upper valve cavity, and a limit spring is fixedly connected to the movable protrusion. The lower end of the limit spring is fixedly connected to the circular valve disc. A coil spring is provided on the hinge shaft of the movable protrusion. When the circular valve disc is located inside the lower valve cavity, the limit spring is in a vertical state. When the circular valve disc moves into the upper valve cavity, the movable protrusion will rotate under the action of the coil spring, thereby completely releasing the circular valve disc from blocking the columnar valve cavity.

[0015] By employing the above technical solution, the present invention provides a thin-film capacitor structure for nuclear fusion devices, which has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention, by setting up a composite shell mechanism, utilizes two titanium alloy hemispherical shells welded together to form an elongated ellipsoidal shell, which can provide a robust enclosure for the internal elliptical cylindrical core mechanism with both superior pressure resistance and vibration resistance. In addition, the lead-boron glass composite shielding layer on the inner wall of the mounting cavity can efficiently absorb high-flux neutron radiation, which can effectively prevent the degradation of the organic dielectric film inside the elliptical cylindrical core mechanism, thereby ensuring the long-term structural integrity and performance stability of the capacitor.

[0016] 2. This invention utilizes a composite shell structure and the interaction between fluorinated carbon insulating liquid and heat dissipation fins. The insulating liquid, as a heat conduction medium, can uniformly absorb and transfer the heat generated by the elliptical cylindrical core structure. At the same time, the external spiral heat dissipation fins can significantly increase the heat dissipation area. Through forced convection with the cooling medium, the heat is quickly dissipated. The two work together to achieve efficient thermal management in a compact space, which can effectively improve the power density and operational reliability of the capacitor.

[0017] 3. By setting up an elliptical cylindrical core mechanism and utilizing a unique spatial configuration and electrode pattern design, this invention effectively improves the energy storage performance and reliability of the capacitor. First, the elliptical cylindrical winding can maximize the use of the packaging space and significantly improve the energy density. Second, the helical segmented and gradient-distributed metal electrodes can actively optimize the electric field distribution and effectively isolate local faults to prevent catastrophic failures, thus ensuring the long-term stable operation of the capacitor.

[0018] 4. By setting up a terminal shielding mechanism and utilizing the cooperation between the fixed porcelain sleeve and the sealing structure, this invention can ensure the absolute airtightness of the internal mounting cavity of the capacitor while achieving reliable high-voltage and high-current output. This not only effectively prevents leakage of internal insulating liquid, but also maintains the integrity of the vacuum environment of the fusion device, thus providing physical and environmental protection for the long-term stable operation of the capacitor under extreme conditions.

[0019] 5. This invention integrates a metal shielding sleeve and a built-in filter inductor coil by setting a terminal shielding mechanism. The shielding sleeve acts as a passive barrier, which can effectively isolate electromagnetic interference from the internal and external spaces, while the built-in inductor actively filters out high-frequency noise and voltage spikes in the circuit. The two work together to significantly improve the capacitor's anti-interference capability in a strong electromagnetic pulse environment.

[0020] 6. This invention, by setting up a safety protection mechanism, utilizes an automatic pressure relief structure composed of a circular rupture disc and a bistable self-locking circular valve to achieve precise sensing and reliable action on overpressure faults inside the capacitor. When the pressure exceeds the limit, the circular rupture disc will precisely rupture, thereby driving the circular valve to move to the permanently open position, thus ensuring that the pressure relief channel is irreversibly unobstructed. This can effectively prevent secondary closure or pressure fluctuations from causing system risks, thereby providing reliable overpressure protection for the capacitor.

[0021] 7. By setting up a safety protection mechanism, the present invention utilizes the cooperation between the short pipe valve seat and the splash-proof guide shroud to guide the high-temperature gas and debris released during a fault to a safe area. This can effectively prevent the disorderly diffusion of harmful substances in the vacuum chamber, protect the main vacuum environment of the fusion device and surrounding precision equipment, and comply with the safety regulations for the strict control of high-risk leaks in nuclear facilities, thereby improving the operational safety of the entire system. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments and are used to explain this application, but do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings: Figure 1 The three-dimensional structure of the present invention Figure 1 ; Figure 2 The three-dimensional structure of the present invention Figure 2 ; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the composite shell mechanism in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the elliptical cylindrical core mechanism in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the terminal shielding mechanism in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure for fixing the ceramic sleeve in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the shielding sleeve in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the inductor coil in this invention; Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of the safety protection mechanism in this invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the columnar valve cavity in this invention.

[0023] In the diagram: 1. Composite shell mechanism; 101. Elliptical shell; 102. Mounting cavity; 103. Composite shielding layer; 104. Insulating liquid; 105. Annular reinforcing rib; 106. Heat dissipation fins; 2. Elliptical cylindrical core mechanism; 201. Composite dielectric film; 202. Metal electrode; 3. Terminal shielding mechanism; 301. Fixed ceramic sleeve; 302. Metal conductor rod; 303. Sealing structure; 304. Shielding sleeve; 305. Insulating frame; 306. Inductor coil; 4. Safety protection mechanism; 401. Mounting groove; 402. Circular rupture disc; 403. Short pipe valve seat; 404. Columnar valve cavity; 405. Circular valve disc; 406. Limiting spring; 407. Movable protrusion; 408. Splash shield. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1 Existing thin-film capacitors typically employ a simple structure of stacked dielectrics and continuous metallized electrodes. Firstly, their mechanical structure is mostly a cylindrical shell and a simple stacked core, resulting in limited space utilization and generally low energy density, making it difficult to meet the compact, high-energy storage requirements of fusion devices. Secondly, they lack dedicated integrated shielding structures for neutron radiation, making the dielectric susceptible to radiation-induced degradation. Furthermore, heat dissipation designs often rely on single-channel air cooling or simple shell conduction, leading to insufficient thermal management efficiency and a tendency for heat accumulation failure. To address these technical shortcomings in existing technologies, such as… Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment proposes a thin-film capacitor structure for nuclear fusion devices, which can effectively prevent the degradation of organic dielectric films and achieve efficient thermal management in a compact space. Specifically, the capacitor structure includes a composite shell mechanism 1, an elliptical cylindrical core mechanism 2 encapsulated inside the composite shell mechanism 1, terminal shielding mechanisms 3 symmetrically arranged at both ends of the composite shell mechanism 1, and a safety protection mechanism 4 arranged outside the composite shell mechanism 1. The composite shell mechanism 1 can provide a reliable mounting and sealing base point for the terminal shielding mechanism 3, and also reserve a structural interface for the integration of the safety protection mechanism 4.

[0026] Specifically, the composite housing mechanism 1 includes an ellipsoidal shell 101, which is composed of two symmetrical hemispherical shells. The two hemispherical shells form a mounting cavity 102. An elliptical cylindrical core mechanism 2 is located inside the mounting cavity 102. An insulating liquid 104, made of fluorinated carbon, is filled between the elliptical cylindrical core mechanism 2 and the inner wall of the mounting cavity 102. This insulating liquid fills gaps and eliminates air, placing the interior of the mounting cavity 102 in a high-insulation-strength liquid medium, which greatly improves the overall withstand voltage rating of the capacitor. The inner wall of the mounting cavity 102... The ellipsoidal shell 101 is provided with a composite shielding layer 103 and several annular reinforcing ribs 105 on its exterior. The composite shielding layer 103 is made of lead-boron glass composite layer and is integrally formed with the ellipsoidal shell 101 to enhance the overall mechanical strength and radiation protection capability of the capacitor. The annular reinforcing ribs 105 are used to enhance the vibration resistance performance to adapt to the strong vibration environment of the fusion device. The ellipsoidal shell 101 is provided with heat dissipation fins 106 on its exterior. The heat dissipation fins 106 are spiral-shaped to improve the convective heat dissipation efficiency, thereby cooperating with the internal fluorinated carbon liquid for heat dissipation.

[0027] As can be seen from the above, the ellipsoidal shell 101 is a long ellipsoid formed by welding two symmetrical titanium alloy hemispherical shells. The interior of the long ellipsoid forms a sealed installation cavity 102. This structure can utilize the superior pressure-bearing and vibration-resistant mechanical properties of the long ellipsoid to provide a strong and stable physical barrier for the fragile internal elliptical cylinder core mechanism 2, which can effectively resist external mechanical impacts, vibrations and external pressure in a vacuum environment.

[0028] Moreover, the lead-boron glass composite shielding layer 103 installed on the inner wall of the mounting cavity 102 can effectively absorb and weaken the high-flux neutron radiation generated by the fusion device, thereby protecting the internal elliptical cylindrical core mechanism 2 and preventing the organic dielectric film inside from degrading due to radiation, thus maintaining the long-term electrical performance stability of the capacitor.

[0029] In addition, the fluorinated carbon insulating liquid 104 filled inside the ellipsoidal shell 101 acts as a heat conduction medium, absorbing the heat generated when the elliptical cylinder core mechanism 2 is working, and uniformly transferring the heat to the entire outer wall of the ellipsoidal shell 101 through natural convection. At the same time, the heat dissipation fins 106 can significantly increase the contact area with the external cooling medium, thereby efficiently dissipating the heat transferred from the inner wall to the environment, which can effectively control the operating temperature of the capacitor.

[0030] This embodiment, by setting up a composite outer shell mechanism 1, utilizes two titanium alloy hemispherical shells welded together to form an elongated ellipsoidal shell, which provides a robust enclosure for the internal elliptical cylindrical core mechanism 2 with superior pressure resistance and vibration resistance. In addition, the lead-boron glass composite shielding layer 103 on the inner wall of the mounting cavity 102 can efficiently absorb high-flux neutron radiation, effectively preventing the degradation of the organic dielectric film inside the elliptical cylindrical core mechanism 2, thereby ensuring the long-term structural integrity and performance stability of the capacitor. Moreover, by setting up the composite outer shell mechanism 1, this embodiment utilizes the cooperation between the fluorinated carbon insulating liquid 104 and the heat dissipation fins 106. The insulating liquid 104, as a heat conduction medium, can uniformly absorb and transfer the heat generated by the elliptical cylindrical core mechanism 2. At the same time, the external spiral heat dissipation fins 106 can significantly increase the heat dissipation area, and the heat is quickly dissipated through forced convection with the cooling medium. The two work together to achieve efficient thermal management in a compact space, which can effectively improve the power density and operational reliability of the capacitor.

[0031] Example 2 To maximize the use of the packaging space, increase energy density, and thus improve the energy storage performance and reliability of the capacitor, based on Example 1, as follows: Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment provides an elliptical cylindrical core mechanism 2. Specifically, the elliptical cylindrical core mechanism 2 includes a composite dielectric film 201. The composite dielectric film 201 is wound to form a core. The core is elliptical cylindrical with an elliptical cross-section and is formed by winding multiple layers of composite dielectric film 201. Compared with the traditional cylindrical shape, it can make more efficient use of installation space and improve the overall energy density. Metal electrodes 202 are processed on the composite dielectric film 201. The metal electrodes 202 are distributed in a spiral shape on the surface of the composite dielectric film 201. The metal electrodes 202 are made of tungsten-aluminum alloy. The spiral is divided into multiple segments with gaps between the segments. The gaps between the segments change in a gradient along the core axis, with smaller gaps in the central area and larger gaps in the edge area.

[0032] As can be seen from the above, the elliptical cylindrical core mechanism 2, as the core energy storage unit of the capacitor, is an elliptical cylindrical core formed by precision winding of the composite dielectric film 201. Compared with the traditional cylinder, this shape can fill the mounting cavity 102 more efficiently, and can achieve a larger effective dielectric area in the same package volume, effectively improving the energy density of the capacitor.

[0033] Furthermore, the metal electrode 202 processed on the surface of the composite dielectric film 201 is in a spiral segmented manner. The spiral design helps to form a uniform electric field distribution and reduce local field concentration. The segmented design and the gradient distribution with denser center and sparser edge achieve the dual optimization of electric field homogenization and self-healing.

[0034] Specifically, the gradient distribution matches the inherent electric field and thermal stress distribution when the elliptical cylinder is wound, thereby further smoothing the electric field and effectively reducing the risk of breakdown.

[0035] When the composite dielectric film 201 experiences local breakdown due to defects or overvoltage, the arc energy generated at the breakdown point will rapidly evaporate the extremely thin metal at the gap between adjacent electrodes, thereby electrically isolating the fault point, preventing catastrophic short circuits, and ensuring that the capacitor capacitance only experiences a small and controllable decrease, maintaining its ability to continue working.

[0036] This embodiment improves the energy storage performance and reliability of the capacitor by setting an elliptical cylindrical core mechanism 2 and utilizing a unique spatial configuration and electrode pattern design. First, the elliptical cylindrical winding can maximize the use of the packaging space and significantly improve the energy density. Second, the spiral segmented and gradient distributed metal electrodes 202 can actively optimize the electric field distribution and effectively isolate local faults to prevent catastrophic failures, thus ensuring the long-term stable operation of the capacitor.

[0037] Example 3 To ensure the absolute airtightness of the capacitor's internal mounting cavity 102 while achieving reliable high-voltage, high-current output, based on the above embodiments, as follows: Figure 1 , Figure 2 ,as well as Figures 5-8 As shown, this embodiment includes a terminal shielding mechanism 3. Specifically, the terminal shielding mechanism 3 includes a fixed ceramic sleeve 301. Two fixed ceramic sleeves 301 are respectively fixedly installed at both ends of the ellipsoidal shell 101. A metal conductor rod 302 is disposed through the interior of the fixed ceramic sleeve 301. One end of the metal conductor rod 302 is connected to the core inside the mounting cavity 102, and the other end of the metal conductor rod 302 is located outside the ellipsoidal shell 101. A sealing structure 303 is provided at the connection between the fixed ceramic sleeve 301 and the ellipsoidal shell 101. 3. The contact surface between the fixed ceramic sleeve 301 and the ellipsoidal shell 101 is usually sealed by a metallization layer and solder, thereby ensuring that the installation cavity 102 is in a completely sealed state. The fixed ceramic sleeve 301 is covered by a shielding sleeve 304. The shielding sleeve 304 has an insulating frame 305 parallel to the metal conductor rod 302 inside. An inductor coil 306 is spirally wound on the outside of the insulating frame 305. One end of the inductor coil 306 is connected to the metal conductor rod 302, and the other end of the inductor coil 306 is connected to the inner wall of the shielding sleeve 304.

[0038] As can be seen from the above, the terminal shielding mechanism 3 serves as the only electrical channel between the internal and external circuits of the capacitor. The fixed ceramic sleeve 301 is made of high-purity alumina ceramic, which can provide extremely high electrical insulation strength, thereby ensuring the safe lead-out of high voltage. The sealing structure 303 ensures the absolute airtightness of the mounting cavity 102 while ensuring electrical continuity, preventing leakage of the internal insulating liquid 104.

[0039] Moreover, the shielding sleeve 304 outside the fixed ceramic sleeve 301 is made of a metallic material with high magnetic permeability, forming a Faraday cage that can effectively absorb and guide high-frequency electromagnetic interference from the external space, preventing it from coupling into the internal circuit of the capacitor through the terminals, and also suppressing the electromagnetic noise generated by the internal pulse discharge from radiating outward.

[0040] In addition, the inductor coil 306 integrated inside the shielding sleeve 304 is connected in series with the metal conductor rod 302, thereby forming a low-pass filter network that can effectively attenuate and filter out high-frequency interference and voltage spikes accompanying the pulse power system, thereby protecting the capacitor itself and the downstream load.

[0041] This embodiment, by setting up a terminal shielding mechanism 3, utilizes the cooperation between the fixed ceramic sleeve 301 and the sealing structure 303 to ensure the absolute airtightness of the internal mounting cavity 102 of the capacitor while achieving reliable high-voltage and high-current output. This not only effectively prevents leakage of the internal insulating liquid 104, but also maintains the integrity of the vacuum environment of the fusion device, thus providing physical and environmental protection for the long-term stable operation of the capacitor under extreme conditions. Moreover, this embodiment, by setting up a terminal shielding mechanism 3, integrates a mullite shielding sleeve 304 and a built-in filter inductor coil 306. The shielding sleeve 304 acts as a passive barrier, which can efficiently isolate electromagnetic interference from the internal and external spaces, while the built-in inductor actively filters out high-frequency noise and voltage spikes in the circuit. The two work together to significantly improve the capacitor's anti-interference capability in a strong electromagnetic pulse environment.

[0042] Example 4 In order to automatically open the pressure relief channel when the internal pressure of the capacitor exceeds the limit, and to guide the released high-temperature gas and debris in a directional manner, based on the above embodiments, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 9 as well as Figure 10As shown, this embodiment includes a safety protection mechanism 4. Specifically, the safety protection mechanism 4 includes a mounting groove 401 formed on the ellipsoidal shell 101. A circular rupture disc 402 is fixedly installed inside the mounting groove 401. A short pipe valve seat 403 is fixedly installed on the mounting groove 401 by threads. The upper end of the short pipe valve seat 403 is connected to a splash shield 408. A columnar valve cavity 404 is formed inside the short pipe valve seat 403. A circular valve disc 405 is movably installed inside the columnar valve cavity 404. The circular rupture disc 402 is a notched rupture diaphragm. When the pressure inside the capacitor exceeds the threshold due to gas generation caused by a fault, the circular rupture disc 402 will automatically rupture. The columnar valve cavity 404 consists of an upper valve cavity and a lower valve cavity. The cross-sectional diameter of the upper valve chamber is larger than that of the lower valve chamber. Initially, the circular valve disc 405 is located inside the lower valve chamber and is slidably connected to the lower valve chamber. A movable protrusion 407 is hinged to the inner wall of the upper valve chamber. A limit spring 406 is fixedly connected to the movable protrusion 407. The lower end of the limit spring 406 is fixedly connected to the circular valve disc 405. A coil spring is provided on the hinge axis of the movable protrusion 407. When the circular valve disc 405 is located inside the lower valve chamber, the limit spring 406 is in a vertical state. When the circular valve disc 405 moves into the upper valve chamber, the movable protrusion 407 will rotate under the action of the coil spring, thereby completely releasing the circular valve disc 405 from blocking the cylindrical valve chamber 404.

[0043] As can be seen from the above, initially, the circular valve disc 405 will come into contact with the circular rupture disc 402 under the combined action of its own weight and the elastic force of the limiting spring 406. When a large amount of gas is generated inside the capacitor due to a serious fault, causing the pressure to exceed the preset safety threshold, the circular rupture disc 402 will precisely break along the etched line to form an initial pressure relief port and release the internal high-pressure gas.

[0044] Subsequently, high-pressure gas enters the cylindrical valve chamber 404 and pushes the circular valve disc 405 upward. When the circular valve disc 405 moves from the lower valve chamber with a smaller cross-section to the upper valve chamber with a larger cross-section, the limiting spring 406, which was originally in a vertical position, loses the constraint of the lower valve chamber wall. At the same time, the movable protrusion 407 rotates at a certain angle under the torque drive of the hinge shaft coil spring, thereby completely releasing the circular valve disc 405 from the short pipe valve seat 403 and realizing the irreversible switching of the circular valve disc 405 from the closed sealing position to the permanently open position.

[0045] Next, the high-temperature gas and any trace amounts of liquid and debris it may carry will be directed to a preset safe discharge path through the short pipe valve seat 403 and the splash guard 408 above, to prevent it from splashing out disorderly, contaminating the vacuum chamber environment or damaging nearby equipment.

[0046] This embodiment, by setting up a safety protection mechanism 4, utilizes an automatic pressure relief structure composed of a circular rupture disc 402 and a bistable self-locking circular valve disc 405 to achieve precise detection and reliable action of overpressure faults inside the capacitor. When the pressure exceeds the limit, the circular rupture disc 402 will precisely rupture, thereby driving the circular valve disc 405 to move to the permanently open position, thus ensuring the irreversible unobstructed pressure relief channel. This effectively prevents secondary closure or pressure fluctuations from causing system risks, thereby providing reliable overpressure protection for the capacitor. Moreover, by setting up a safety protection mechanism 4, this embodiment utilizes the cooperation between the short pipe valve seat 403 and the splash shield 408 to guide the high-temperature gas and debris released during the fault to a safe area. This effectively prevents the disorderly diffusion of harmful substances in the vacuum chamber, protecting the main vacuum environment of the fusion device and surrounding precision equipment, and also complying with the safety regulations for the strict control of high-risk leaks in nuclear facilities, thus improving the operational safety of the entire system.

[0047] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0048] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A thin-film capacitor structure for a nuclear fusion device, comprising a composite housing mechanism (1), characterized in that: The composite shell mechanism (1) is internally encapsulated with an elliptical cylindrical core mechanism (2), and terminal shielding mechanisms (3) are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the composite shell mechanism (1). A safety protection mechanism (4) is arranged on the outside of the composite shell mechanism (1). The composite shell mechanism (1) includes an ellipsoidal shell (101), which is composed of two symmetrical hemispherical shells. The two hemispherical shells form an installation cavity (102). An elliptical cylinder core mechanism (2) is located inside the installation cavity (102). An insulating liquid (104) is filled between the elliptical cylinder core mechanism (2) and the inner wall of the installation cavity (102).

2. The thin-film capacitor structure for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the mounting cavity (102) is provided with a composite shielding layer (103), and the outer side of the ellipsoidal shell (101) is provided with several annular reinforcing ribs (105).

3. The thin-film capacitor structure for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ellipsoidal shell (101) is provided with heat dissipation fins (106) on its exterior.

4. A thin-film capacitor structure for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elliptical cylindrical core mechanism (2) includes a composite dielectric film (201), which is formed into a core by winding. The core is elliptical cylindrical.

5. A thin-film capacitor structure for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Metal electrodes (202) are processed on the composite dielectric film (201), and the metal electrodes (202) are distributed in a spiral shape on the surface of the composite dielectric film (201).

6. A thin-film capacitor structure for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The terminal shielding mechanism (3) includes a fixed ceramic sleeve (301). Two fixed ceramic sleeves (301) are respectively fixedly installed at both ends of the ellipsoidal shell (101). A metal conductor rod (302) is provided through the inside of the fixed ceramic sleeve (301). One end of the metal conductor rod (302) is connected to the core inside the mounting cavity (102), and the other end of the metal conductor rod (302) is located outside the ellipsoidal shell (101). A sealing structure (303) is provided at the connection between the fixed ceramic sleeve (301) and the ellipsoidal shell (101).

7. A thin-film capacitor structure for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fixed ceramic sleeve (301) is covered with a shielding sleeve (304), and the shielding sleeve (304) is provided with an insulating frame (305) parallel to the metal conductor rod (302) inside. An inductor coil (306) is spirally wound on the outside of the insulating frame (305).

8. A thin-film capacitor structure for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The safety protection mechanism (4) includes an installation groove (401) opened on the ellipsoidal shell (101), a circular rupture disc (402) is fixedly installed inside the installation groove (401), a short pipe valve seat (403) is fixedly installed on the installation groove (401) by threads, the upper end of the short pipe valve seat (403) is connected to a splash shield (408), a columnar valve cavity (404) is opened inside the short pipe valve seat (403), and a circular valve disc (405) is movably installed inside the columnar valve cavity (404).

9. A thin-film capacitor structure for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The columnar valve cavity (404) consists of an upper valve cavity and a lower valve cavity, with the cross-sectional diameter of the upper valve cavity being larger than that of the lower valve cavity.

10. A thin-film capacitor structure for a nuclear fusion device according to claim 9, characterized in that: A movable protrusion (407) is hinged to the inner wall of the upper valve chamber. A limit spring (406) is fixedly connected to the movable protrusion (407). The lower end of the limit spring (406) is fixedly connected to the circular valve disc (405). A coil spring is provided on the hinge shaft of the movable protrusion (407).

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