Energy storage station heat management system and method based on refrigerant direct cooling and intelligent spraying

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage heat management, and discloses an energy storage station heat management system and method based on refrigerant direct cooling and intelligent spraying. According to the technical scheme, the system is characterized in that the system is matched with a double-circulation cooling loop of a plurality of energy storage containers arranged side by side, an intelligent spraying device and a staged control module; through a double-loop design of refrigerant circulation and cooling liquid circulation, an intelligent spraying device with an innovative structure and a graded early warning type control strategy, normal operation and extreme working conditions are adapted by dynamically adjusting a cooling mode and spraying intensity, so that cooperation of efficient energy-saving heat dissipation and active safety intervention in a thermal runaway germination stage is realized; and the intrinsic safety level and the operation economy of the energy storage station are fundamentally improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage thermal management technology, and more specifically, to an energy storage station thermal management system and method based on refrigerant direct cooling and intelligent spraying. Background Technology

[0002] As energy storage power stations develop towards large-scale and high-energy-density applications, the reliability and safety of thermal management systems have become core concerns in the industry. Temperature directly affects battery performance, lifespan, and safety baseline, making efficient and reliable thermal management systems a key component of large-scale energy storage power stations.

[0003] While existing liquid cooling technologies offer high cooling efficiency, they suffer from secondary heat exchange losses and high pumping energy consumption. Refrigerant direct cooling technology, while reducing secondary heat exchange stages, improving heat transfer efficiency and temperature uniformity, and reducing energy consumption, faces safety risks such as single-loop failure under extreme conditions, battery overheating leading to thermal runaway. Furthermore, existing systems lack proactive safety intervention capabilities in the early stages of thermal runaway, only activating fire suppression after an accident occurs, missing the critical window for preventing incidents. Simultaneously, the thermal management requirements for energy storage stations have evolved from simple temperature control to comprehensive thermal safety assurance encompassing "efficient heat dissipation + safety early warning," making it difficult for a single technological approach to simultaneously meet the dual demands of efficient operation and proactive safety protection.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention provides a thermal management system and method for energy storage stations based on refrigerant direct cooling and intelligent spraying, which improves the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This disclosure aims to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a thermal management system and method for energy storage stations based on refrigerant direct cooling and intelligent spraying. The invention adopts a dual-loop design of "refrigerant circulation + coolant circulation", combined with an innovative intelligent spraying device and a graded early warning control strategy. By dynamically adjusting the cooling mode and spraying intensity to adapt to normal operation and extreme conditions, it achieves synergy between efficient energy-saving heat dissipation and proactive safety intervention in the early stage of thermal runaway, fundamentally improving the intrinsic safety level and operational economy of energy storage stations.

[0006] The above-mentioned technical objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: a thermal management system for energy storage stations based on refrigerant direct cooling and intelligent spraying, comprising: a dual-circulation cooling loop adapted to multiple parallel-arranged energy storage containers, an intelligent spraying device, and a graded control module; The dual-circulation cooling circuit includes: a refrigerant circulation circuit for efficient heat dissipation under normal conditions and a coolant circulation circuit for active safety intervention. The intelligent spraying device is connected to the coolant circulation loop and is installed corresponding to the battery pack inside the energy storage container. The hierarchical control module dynamically adjusts the operating status of the dual-cycle cooling circuit and the spray intensity and mode of the intelligent spray device based on the battery operating parameters, so as to achieve coordinated control of heat dissipation during normal operation of the energy storage station and proactive safety intervention in the early stage of thermal runaway.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the refrigerant circulation loop includes a compressor, a condenser, a gas-liquid separator, an electronic expansion valve, a battery pack evaporator, an in-cabin evaporator, an electric fan, and an electric blower. The compressor's suction port is connected to the outlet of the gas-liquid separator, and the compressor's discharge port is connected to the refrigerant channel inlet of the condenser. The condenser's outlet is branched to two electronic expansion valves inside each energy storage container, and the two electronic expansion valves are respectively connected to the refrigerant channel inlets of the battery pack evaporator and the in-cabin evaporator. The outlets of the battery pack evaporator and the in-cabin evaporator converge into the inlet of the gas-liquid separator, forming a closed-loop circulation. The electric fan is configured to provide air heat exchange flow for the condenser, and the electric blower is configured to provide air heat exchange flow for the in-cabin evaporator.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the coolant circulation loop includes an electric water pump, a water storage tank, and multiple intelligent spray devices, with the intelligent spray devices in each energy storage container connected in series; the outlet of the electric water pump is connected to the intelligent spray device of the first energy storage container, and the inlet of the electric water pump is connected to the outlet of the water storage tank; the inlet of the water storage tank is connected to the outlet of the intelligent spray device of the last energy storage container, forming a closed-loop coolant circulation loop.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the intelligent spraying device is assembled from top to bottom as follows: threaded pipe, solenoid valve, filter, bracket, sealing plate, electronic glass tube, fixture and deflector. The threaded pipe is sleeved on the pipe at the top of the energy storage container. The two arms of the bracket are fixed to the lower part of the threaded pipe by bolt flanges. The sealing plate is located at the middle of the lower end of the threaded pipe. The electronic glass tube is a sealed brittle glass tube with a built-in heating wire. The electronic glass tube is clamped and fixed between the bracket and the sealing plate by a retainer. The bracket has an integrally formed built-in flow channel. A one-way valve is installed in the flow channel. The left and right side channels of the bracket are connected to the side channel of the threaded pipe. The filter is located at the inlet of the side channel of the threaded pipe. The deflector is fixed to the bottom of the bracket to disperse the spray water flow. The inner wall of the internal flow channel of the bracket and the lower channel of the threaded pipe is made of hydrophilic porous material.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the control logic of the hierarchical control module includes the following steps: S1. Data Acquisition and Analysis: The temperature and voltage data of each battery pack are collected in real time through the BMS and uploaded to the cloud platform. The cloud platform combines historical data and real-time data to identify early signs of thermal runaway, optimize control parameters, and send them to the thermal management controller. S2, Normal Cooling Mode: When the battery temperature... <First temperature threshold At this time, the thermal management controller controls the electronic expansion valve to open, regulates the refrigerant flow of the compressor, and controls the air flow of the electric fan and electric blower to achieve heat dissipation through the refrigerant circulation loop; S3, Preventative Spray Mode: When the first temperature threshold is reached... ≤ Battery temperature <Second temperature threshold At this time, the thermal management controller controls the solenoid valve to dynamically adjust the opening, starts the electric water pump to run at low load, sends an electrical signal to the electronic glass tube to make its built-in heating wire heat up and break, the sealing plate falls to open the spray channel, and the mixed condensate and backup water are sprayed out through the atomizing nozzle. S4, Emergency Spray Mode: When the battery temperature... ≥Second temperature threshold At this time, the thermal management controller controls the solenoid valve to be fully open, the electric water pump to run at full load, and the cooling water is dispersed by the deflector and sprayed all around the battery pack; S5. Cyclic Monitoring and Shutdown: The BMS continuously collects temperature data and feeds it back to the controller. When the temperature drops back to the safe range, the corresponding mode is switched. When the system completes emergency cooling or the energy storage station shuts down, the compressor, electric water pump, electric fan and electric blower are shut down in sequence.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the compressor is a scroll electric compressor, and the electronic expansion valve is an electromagnetic electronic expansion valve or an electric electronic expansion valve; the two electronic expansion valves in each energy storage container are respectively adapted to the battery pack evaporator and the in-cabin evaporator to ensure accurate refrigerant distribution.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hydrophilic porous material is a sintered metal powder or a surface-modified polymer, possessing a micron-level continuous pore network; the one-way valve is used to ensure that water flows into the flow channel in one direction to avoid backflow; the filter is used to filter dust and impurities in the condensate water to ensure that the spray channel is unobstructed.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the opening degree of the solenoid valve increases linearly with the increase of battery temperature, and the first temperature threshold... Second temperature threshold The system can be dynamically adjusted based on the operating conditions of the energy storage station via a cloud platform.

[0014] A thermal management method for energy storage stations based on refrigerant direct cooling and intelligent spraying includes the following steps: S1: After the system starts, the BMS works in conjunction with the cloud platform to collect and analyze battery pack temperature and voltage data in real time and initialize control parameters. S2: Determine the operating mode based on the battery temperature, and sequentially execute the normal cooling mode, preventive spray mode, or emergency spray mode, dynamically adjusting the refrigerant circulation flow rate and spray intensity. S3: Continuously monitors battery temperature changes and switches cooling modes in real time to ensure that the battery temperature is maintained within a safe range; S4: When the system stops, the compressor, electric water pump, electric fan, electric blower and other operating components are shut down in a preset sequence to complete the circuit depressurization and coolant recovery.

[0015] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: Firstly, it breaks through the limitations of single cooling technology by initiating preventative spraying at the initial stage of thermal runaway, preventing the accident from escalating. Compared to the traditional "post-accident firefighting" mode, this significantly improves the level of intrinsic safety. At the same time, the emergency spraying mode can provide all-round forced cooling, effectively curbing the spread of thermal runaway and addressing the risk of circuit failure under extreme operating conditions.

[0016] Secondly, direct refrigerant cooling reduces secondary heat exchange losses, and combined with coolant circulation and spray assistance, it balances heat dissipation efficiency and temperature uniformity, thus slowing down battery degradation. Simultaneously, condensate water inside the container is recycled for spraying, reducing the moisture content of the air inside the container, which is beneficial for water atomization during pre-spraying, and also reducing the consumption of reserve water.

[0017] Thirdly, the dual-loop and hierarchical control are adaptable to various scenarios such as normal operation, preventive protection, and emergency cooling, avoiding resource waste caused by excessive cooling or insufficient protection. At the same time, the component selection and loop design of this application are universal, reducing the complexity of system implementation and maintenance costs, and adapting to the parallel deployment requirements of large-scale energy storage containers.

[0018] Fourth, the dynamic adjustment of components such as electronic expansion valves and solenoid valves, combined with real-time data feedback from the BMS, ensures that the battery temperature is maintained within a safe range, extending battery life and the operating cycle of the energy storage system. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 A framework diagram of an energy storage station thermal management system based on refrigerant direct cooling and intelligent spraying provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the spray device structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating the thermal management method for energy storage stations based on refrigerant direct cooling and intelligent spraying, provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the opening degree of the solenoid valve and the battery temperature, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. In the diagram: First container 100, compressor 101, condenser 102, gas-liquid separator 103, electronic expansion valve 1101-N104, battery pack 1102-N102, battery pack evaporator 1103-N103, in-cabin evaporator 1105-N105, electric fan 104, blower 1106-N106; Second container 200, water pump 201, water tank 202, sprinkler system 1107-N107 and connecting pipes; Nth container N00, threaded pipe 1, solenoid valve 2, filter 3, bracket 4, sealing plate 5, electronic glass tube 7, fastener 8, deflector 9. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present application will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present application, but do not limit the present application in any way. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present application. These all fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0022] It should be noted that, unless there is a conflict, the various features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other, all of which are within the protection scope of this application. Furthermore, although functional modules are divided in the device schematic diagram and a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in a different order than the module division in the device or the order in the flowchart. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third" used herein do not limit the data or execution order, but only distinguish identical or similar items with essentially the same function and effect.

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. The term "and / or" as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0024] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of this application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0025] This invention aims to address the problems of insufficient cooling under extreme conditions, lack of proactive safety intervention capabilities, and the inability of a single technical approach to simultaneously meet the dual requirements of efficient operation and proactive safety protection in existing energy storage station thermal management systems. In view of this, this invention proposes a thermal management system and method for energy storage stations based on direct refrigerant cooling and intelligent spraying. This system and method employ a collaborative design of "dual circulation loop + innovative spraying device + graded early warning control," and adapts to normal operation and extreme conditions through dynamically adjustable differentiated cooling strategies, thereby improving the intrinsic safety level and operational economy of energy storage stations while reducing system implementation complexity.

[0026] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This diagram illustrates a framework of a thermal management system for an energy storage station based on direct refrigerant cooling and intelligent spraying, as described in an embodiment of this disclosure. The overall system comprises: the thermal management system for the energy storage station of this invention adopts a dual-loop design of "refrigerant circulation + coolant circulation," adaptable to N parallel-arranged energy storage containers (taking the first container 100 as an example; the structures and connections of the remaining containers are completely identical). The selection of components and connection logic for each loop are as follows: Refrigerant circulation components: scroll electric compressor 101, air-side condenser 102, gas-liquid separator 103, electromagnetic / electric electronic expansion valves (first electronic expansion valve 1101 to Nth electronic expansion valve N104), battery pack (first battery pack 1102 to Nth battery pack N102), battery pack evaporator (first battery pack evaporator 1103 to Nth battery pack evaporator N103), in-cabin evaporator (first in-cabin evaporator 1105 to Nth in-cabin evaporator N105), electric fan 104 and electric blower (first blower 1106 to Nth blower N106).

[0027] The connection is as follows: the suction port of compressor 101 is connected to the outlet of gas-liquid separator 103, and the discharge port is connected to the refrigerant passage inlet of condenser 102; the outlet of condenser 102 is branched to two electronic expansion valves in each container, corresponding to the refrigerant passage inlets of the battery pack evaporator and the in-cabin evaporator, respectively; the outlets of the two evaporators converge into the inlet of gas-liquid separator 103, forming a closed loop. Fan 104 provides air heat exchange flow to condenser 102, blower provides air heat exchange flow to in-cabin evaporators, and gas-liquid separator 103 achieves refrigerant gas-liquid separation, ensuring stable operation of compressor 101.

[0028] Coolant circulation components: electric water pump 201, water tank 202, intelligent spray system (first spray system 1107 to Nth spray system N107) and connecting pipes. The spray systems in each container are connected in series. The outlet of water pump 201 is connected to the first spray system 1107 in the first container, the inlet of water pump 201 is connected to the outlet of water tank 202, and the inlet of water tank 202 is connected to the outlet of the spray system in the Nth container, forming a coolant circulation loop to provide a continuous water source for spray cooling.

[0029] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the intelligent sprinkler device according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. The structure, assembly, and working principle of the intelligent sprinkler device are as follows: Structural Assembly: The sprinkler system is assembled from top to bottom as follows: threaded pipe 1, solenoid valve 2, filter 3, bracket 4, sealing plate 5, electronic glass tube 7, fixture 8, and deflector 9. Threaded pipe 1 is fitted onto the fire-fighting pipe on the top of the container. The two arms of bracket 4 are fixed to the lower part of threaded pipe 1 by bolts and flanges. Sealing plate 5 is located at the middle of the lower end of threaded pipe 1. Electronic glass tube 7 (a sealed brittle glass tube with built-in heating wire) is clamped and fixed between bracket 4 and sealing plate 5 by fixture 8. The bracket 4 has an integrally formed internal flow channel, in which a one-way valve 6 is installed. The left and right side channels of bracket 4 are connected to the side channel of threaded pipe 1. Filter 3 is located at the inlet of the side channel of threaded pipe 1. Deflector 9 is fixed to the bottom of bracket 4 to disperse the spray water flow.

[0030] The inner wall of the internal flow channel of the bracket 4 and the lower channel of the threaded tube 1 is made of hydrophilic porous material (such as sintered metal powder or surface-modified polymer). This material has a micron-level continuous pore network, which can adsorb and collect condensate through capillary action. The one-way valve 6 ensures that the water flows into the flow channel in one direction to avoid backflow. The filter 3 is used to filter dust and impurities in the condensate to ensure that the spray channel is unobstructed.

[0031] Condensate collection process: The heat generated by the battery pack raises the temperature of the air inside the container. When the hot air comes into contact with the support 4, it condenses into water droplets. The water droplets are adsorbed by the hydrophilic porous material and, under the action of capillary force, they converge towards the center along the flow channel pores. They then flow into the hollow channel inside the threaded pipe 1 through the single-way valve 6 and the filter 3 for storage, thus completing the efficient collection and purification of condensate.

[0032] Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 A flowchart of the energy storage station thermal management method based on refrigerant direct cooling and intelligent spraying, as described in an embodiment of this disclosure, is shown. Hierarchical control method: This system achieves coordinated normal cooling and active safety protection through a control logic of "data acquisition - threshold judgment - hierarchical response." The specific steps are as follows: Data Acquisition and Analysis: The BMS (Battery Management System) collects data such as temperature and voltage of each battery pack in real time and uploads it to the cloud platform. The cloud platform combines historical and real-time data, identifies early signs of thermal runaway through algorithm models, dynamically optimizes control parameters, and sends them to the thermal management controller.

[0033] Normal cooling mode implementation: After receiving data, the thermal management controller prioritizes determining the battery temperature. Is it below the first threshold? If satisfied The controller controls the opening of the electronic expansion valves in each container, adjusts the refrigerant flow of the compressor 101, and controls the air flow of the fan 104 and the blower. Through the refrigerant direct cooling circuit (the evaporator in the compartment directly exchanges heat with the battery pack), efficient heat dissipation is achieved, the battery temperature is maintained within a safe range, and the energy efficiency and stability of the system in daily operation are guaranteed.

[0034] Preventative spraying mode implementation: When detected When T2 is the second temperature threshold higher than T1, the system triggers preventative spraying. The thermal management controller first sends an electrical signal to control solenoid valve 2 to dynamically adjust its opening (the opening increases linearly with increasing temperature, such as...). Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the water pump 201 is started at low load to mix the condensate stored in the threaded pipe 1 with the spare water in the water tank 202; at the same time, the controller sends an electrical signal to the electronic glass tube 7, and its built-in heating wire heats up instantly, causing the glass tube to break due to thermal stress. The sealing plate 5 loses its support and falls, opening the spray channel, and the mixed water is sprayed out through the atomizing nozzle.

[0035] Collecting condensate is to reduce the moisture content of the air inside the container, which is beneficial for water atomization during pre-spraying. By cooling through atomization, the internal temperature of the container is prevented from rising to T2 as much as possible, providing a buffer time for the regular cooling mode and avoiding emergency spraying mode (full fire spraying), thus minimizing losses.

[0036] Emergency spray mode implemented: If the battery temperature continues to rise to... The system immediately upgraded to emergency spray mode. The thermal management controller controlled the solenoid valve 2 to open fully, the water pump 201 to run at full load, and a large amount of cooling water flowed out through the threaded pipe 1 channel. After being evenly dispersed by the deflector 9, it sprayed the battery pack in all directions, forcibly and rapidly cooling it down and curbing the spread of thermal runaway.

[0037] Cyclic monitoring and shutdown procedure: During operation in each cooling mode, the BMS continuously collects battery temperature data and feeds it back to the controller, which judges the cooling effect in real time. If the temperature drops back to the safe range, the system switches to the corresponding mode based on the actual temperature; if the system completes emergency cooling or the energy storage station stops operating, the controller sequentially shuts down the compressor 101, water pump 201, fan 104, and blower to complete the shutdown procedure.

[0038] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions falling within the scope of the present invention's concept are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, any improvements and modifications made without departing from the principle of the present invention should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal management system for an energy storage station based on refrigerant direct cooling and intelligent spraying, characterized in that, include: It is compatible with dual-circulation cooling loops, intelligent spray devices, and graded control modules for multiple parallel energy storage containers. The dual-circulation cooling circuit includes: a refrigerant circulation circuit for efficient heat dissipation under normal conditions and a coolant circulation circuit for active safety intervention. The intelligent spraying device is connected to the coolant circulation loop and is installed corresponding to the battery pack inside the energy storage container. The hierarchical control module dynamically adjusts the operating status of the dual-cycle cooling circuit and the spray intensity and mode of the intelligent spray device based on the battery operating parameters, so as to achieve coordinated control of heat dissipation during normal operation of the energy storage station and proactive safety intervention in the early stage of thermal runaway.

2. The energy storage station thermal management system based on refrigerant direct cooling and intelligent spraying as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The refrigerant circulation loop includes a compressor (101), a condenser (102), a gas-liquid separator (103), an electronic expansion valve (1101 / N104), a battery pack evaporator (1103 / N103), an in-cabin evaporator (1105 / N105), an electric fan (104), and an electric blower (1106 / N106); the suction port of the compressor (101) is connected to the outlet of the gas-liquid separator (103), and the discharge port of the compressor (101) is connected to the refrigerant passage inlet of the condenser (102); the outlet of the condenser (102) is branched to two electronic expansion valves (1101 / N104) in each energy storage container. Two electronic expansion valves (1101 / N104) are respectively connected to the refrigerant inlet of the battery pack evaporator (1103 / N103) and the in-cabin evaporator (1105 / N105); the outlets of the battery pack evaporator (1103 / N103) and the in-cabin evaporator (1105 / N105) are connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid separator (103) to form a closed loop; the electric fan (104) is set to the condenser (102) to provide air heat exchange flow, and the electric blower (1106 / N106) is set to the in-cabin evaporator (1105 / N105) to provide air heat exchange flow.

3. The energy storage station thermal management system based on refrigerant direct cooling and intelligent spraying as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The coolant circulation loop includes an electric water pump (201), a water storage tank (202), and multiple intelligent spray devices (1107 / N107). The intelligent spray devices (1107 / N107) in each energy storage container are connected in series. The outlet of the electric water pump (201) is connected to the intelligent spray device (1107) of the first energy storage container, and the inlet of the electric water pump (201) is connected to the outlet of the water storage tank (202). The inlet of the water storage tank (202) is connected to the outlet of the intelligent spray device (N107) of the last energy storage container, forming a closed-loop coolant circulation loop.

4. The energy storage station thermal management system based on refrigerant direct cooling and intelligent spraying as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent spraying device is assembled from top to bottom as follows: threaded pipe (1), solenoid valve (2), filter (3), bracket (4), sealing plate (5), electronic glass tube (7), fixture (8) and deflector (9). The threaded pipe (1) is sleeved on the pipe at the top of the energy storage container. The two arms of the bracket (4) are fixed to the lower part of the threaded pipe (1) by bolt flanges. The sealing plate (5) is located at the middle of the lower end of the threaded pipe (1). The electronic glass tube (7) is a sealed brittle glass tube with a built-in heating wire. The electronic glass tube (7) is clamped and fixed between the bracket (4) and the sealing plate (5) by the fixer (8). The bracket (4) has an integrally formed built-in flow channel. A one-way valve (6) is installed in the flow channel. The left and right side channels of the bracket (4) are connected to the side channel of the threaded pipe (1). The filter (3) is located at the inlet of the side channel of the threaded pipe (1). The deflector (9) is fixed to the bottom of the bracket (4) to disperse the spray water flow. The inner wall of the flow channel inside the bracket (4) and the lower channel of the threaded pipe (1) is made of hydrophilic porous material.

5. The energy storage station thermal management system based on refrigerant direct cooling and intelligent spraying as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The control logic of the hierarchical control module includes the following steps: S1. Data Acquisition and Analysis: The temperature and voltage data of each battery pack are collected in real time through the BMS and uploaded to the cloud platform. The cloud platform combines historical data and real-time data to identify early signs of thermal runaway, optimize control parameters, and send them to the thermal management controller. S2, Normal Cooling Mode: When the battery temperature... <First temperature threshold At the same time, the thermal management controller controls the electronic expansion valve (1101 / N104) to open, adjusts the refrigerant flow of the compressor (101), and controls the air flow of the electric fan (104) and the electric blower (1106 / N106) to achieve heat dissipation through the refrigerant circulation loop; S3, Preventative Spray Mode: When the first temperature threshold is reached... ≤ Battery temperature <Second temperature threshold At that time, the thermal management controller controls the solenoid valve (2) to dynamically adjust the opening, starts the electric water pump (201) to run at low load, sends an electrical signal to the electronic glass tube (7) to make its built-in heating wire heat up and break, the sealing plate (5) falls to open the spray channel, and the mixed condensate and spare water are sprayed out through the atomizing nozzle. S4, Emergency Spray Mode: When the battery temperature... ≥Second temperature threshold At that time, the thermal management controller controls the solenoid valve (2) to be fully open, the electric water pump (201) to run at full load, and the cooling water is dispersed by the deflector (9) and sprayed all around the battery pack; S5. Cyclic monitoring and shutdown: The BMS continuously collects temperature data and feeds it back to the controller. When the temperature drops back to the safe range, the corresponding mode is switched. When the system completes emergency cooling or the energy storage station is shut down, the compressor (101), electric water pump (201), electric fan (104) and electric blower (1106 / N106) are shut down in sequence.

6. The energy storage station thermal management system based on refrigerant direct cooling and intelligent spraying according to claim 2, characterized in that, The compressor (101) is a scroll electric compressor, and the electronic expansion valve (1101 / N104) is an electromagnetic electronic expansion valve or an electric electronic expansion valve; the two electronic expansion valves (1101 / N104) in each energy storage container are respectively adapted to the battery pack evaporator (1103 / N103) and the in-cabin evaporator (1105 / N105) to ensure accurate refrigerant distribution.

7. The energy storage station thermal management system based on refrigerant direct cooling and intelligent spraying according to claim 4, characterized in that, The hydrophilic porous material is sintered metal powder or surface-modified polymer, which has a micron-level continuous pore network; the one-way valve (6) is used to ensure that the water flows into the channel in one direction and avoids backflow; the filter (3) is used to filter dust and impurities in the condensate water and ensure that the spray channel is unobstructed.

8. The energy storage station thermal management system based on refrigerant direct cooling and intelligent spraying according to claim 5, characterized in that, The opening degree of the solenoid valve (2) increases linearly with the increase of battery temperature, and the first temperature threshold... Second temperature threshold The system can be dynamically adjusted based on the operating conditions of the energy storage station via a cloud platform.

9. A thermal management method for an energy storage station based on refrigerant direct cooling and intelligent spraying, the method being used to implement the thermal management system for an energy storage station based on refrigerant direct cooling and intelligent spraying as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: After the system starts, the BMS works in conjunction with the cloud platform to collect and analyze battery pack temperature and voltage data in real time and initialize control parameters. S2: Determine the operating mode based on the battery temperature, and sequentially execute the normal cooling mode, preventive spray mode, or emergency spray mode, dynamically adjusting the refrigerant circulation flow rate and spray intensity. S3: Continuously monitors battery temperature changes and switches cooling modes in real time to ensure that the battery temperature is maintained within a safe range; S4: When the system stops, the compressor (101), electric water pump (201), electric fan (104), electric blower (1106 / N106) and other operating components are shut down in the preset sequence to complete the circuit depressurization and coolant recovery.

Images