Fuel cell cogeneration system, method and equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cell heat and power cogeneration, and discloses a fuel cell heat and power cogeneration system, method and equipment and a storage medium, and the system comprises a power generation unit, a power grid, a hydrogen production unit, a hydrogen storage buffer tank, a fuel cell stack and a waste heat recovery unit; the power generation unit is used for supplying power to the hydrogen production unit; the power grid is used for supplementing electric energy to the hydrogen production unit when the power generation unit is insufficient; the hydrogen production unit prepares hydrogen by using the received electric energy; the hydrogen storage buffer tank is used for storing hydrogen; the fuel cell stack generates electric energy through a chemical reaction of hydrogen; and the waste heat recovery unit is used for recovering heat released by the fuel cell stack and carrying out gradient utilization. By arranging the power generation unit, wind energy and solar energy can be converted into electric energy for subsequent hydrogen production, and the cooperative regulation and control capability between renewable energy hydrogen production and a fuel cell is improved; meanwhile, the power generation unit can feed part of electric energy to the power grid, and the power grid provides electric energy needed by hydrogen production when the power generation unit is insufficient in function.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of fuel cell combined heat and power, and particularly relates to a fuel cell combined heat and power system, method, device and storage medium. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a promising development direction in the field of fuel cell technology, fuel cell combined heat and power has attracted widespread attention. In the case of fuel cell only supplying external power, the energy utilization rate of the system is approximately in the range of 40% to 60%, and the remaining considerable part of energy is mostly directly discharged to the surrounding environment in the form of heat energy, which undoubtedly causes serious energy waste. The core of fuel cell combined heat and power technology is to realize the simultaneous supply of electricity and heat to users based on the principle of energy cascade utilization.

[0003] However, the existing technology has many problems in practical application. First, there is instability in fuel supply: the technology excessively relies on external hydrogen supply, and the collaborative regulation capability between renewable energy hydrogen production and fuel cell is seriously insufficient, making it difficult to achieve efficient matching. Second, the thermal management efficiency is low: the traditional heat dissipation structure is difficult to effectively cope with the transient thermal load under high power working conditions, and is prone to cause local overheating, affecting the normal operation and service life of the system. In addition, the low utilization rate of waste heat is also a major shortcoming: the existing waste heat recovery system mostly adopts single-stage or double-stage design, and fails to realize the staged utilization of heat energy grade, which directly leads to the waste of a large amount of medium and low temperature waste heat with a temperature lower than 90℃.

[0004] Patent No. CN207010249U discloses a hydrogen fuel composite battery for wind power hydrogen production and energy storage. According to the wind power, the battery has multiple working modes. When the wind is strong, the wind power is used to generate electricity for the external power grid, and the remaining wind power is converted into hydrogen for storage. When the wind is weak, the whole system runs in the mode of supplying wind power to the external power grid, and the fuel cell power generation system is started to convert the hydrogen energy of the hydrogen storage system into electricity.

[0005] Specifically, the wind and light energy hydrogen production system in the existing technical system mostly adopts fixed power generation units, which cannot dynamically switch the power generation mode according to real-time environmental conditions, and has poor flexibility. The heat dissipation module mainly relies on forced convection cooling, lacks the ability of self-adaptive adjustment according to actual working conditions, and the heat dissipation effect is unstable. At the same time, the waste heat recovery system and the actual demand of the heat user cannot be precisely matched, and the value of waste heat cannot be fully realized. SUMMARY

[0006] In order to solve the problems in the background art, the present application provides a fuel cell combined heat and power system, method, device and storage medium.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present application adopts the following technical solutions: A fuel cell combined heat and power system comprises a power generation unit, a power grid, a hydrogen production unit, a hydrogen storage buffer tank, a fuel cell stack and a waste heat recovery unit; The power generation unit is used to supply electric energy to the hydrogen production unit and exchange electric energy with the power grid; the power generation unit comprises a plurality of photovoltaic panels and an angle adjusting assembly, the photovoltaic panels are connected with the angle adjusting assembly, and the photovoltaic panels are used to generate electricity by using solar energy or generate electricity by using wind energy after the angle adjusting assembly changes the angle; The power grid is used to supplement electric energy to the hydrogen production unit when the power generation unit is insufficient; The hydrogen production unit is used to produce hydrogen by using the received electric energy and store the hydrogen into the hydrogen storage buffer tank; The hydrogen storage buffer tank is used to store hydrogen and supply hydrogen to the fuel cell stack; The fuel cell stack is used to generate electric energy by chemical reaction of hydrogen and release heat at the same time; The waste heat recovery unit is used to recover the heat released by the fuel cell stack and utilize the heat in stages.

[0008] Further, the angle adjusting assembly comprises a support rod and an adapter rod; The adapter rod is rotatably installed on the top of the support rod; The photovoltaic panels are rotatably connected with the adapter rod, and the rotation range of the photovoltaic panels is limited in a vertical plane, and the vertical plane is a plane along the axial direction of the support rod; The rotation direction of the adapter rod is perpendicular to the rotation direction of the photovoltaic panels.

[0009] Further, the waste heat recovery unit comprises: A first unit is used to exchange heat with the tail gas of the fuel cell in a high-temperature section; the tail gas of the fuel cell in the high-temperature section is greater than 120 DEG C; A second unit is connected with the first unit and is used to exchange heat with the tail gas of the fuel cell in a medium-temperature section; the tail gas of the fuel cell in the medium-temperature section is between 60 DEG C and 120 DEG C; A third unit is connected with the second unit and is used to exchange heat with the fuel cell in a low-temperature section; the tail gas of the fuel cell in the low-temperature section is less than 60 DEG C.

[0010] Further, the first unit comprises an outer circulation pipeline and an inner circulation pipeline; Along the circulation path of the outer circulation pipeline, a first-stage flash tank, a turbine, a first heat exchanger and a first circulation pump are sequentially installed; the first-stage flash tank is connected with the tail gas discharge outlet of the fuel cell; A first-stage flash tank, a second-stage flash tank and a re-compression device are sequentially arranged along a circulation path of the inner circulation pipeline. The outer circulation pipeline and the inner circulation pipeline share the first-stage flash tank.

[0011] Further, the second unit includes a second heat exchanger. A hot end of the second heat exchanger is connected to the first unit, for receiving the fuel cell tail gas at the medium temperature stage after heat exchange by the first unit. A cold end of the second heat exchanger is used to receive condensate water to achieve heat exchange with the fuel cell tail gas at the medium temperature stage, and the condensate water after heat exchange is used to supply heat to the user side.

[0012] Further, the third unit includes a ground source heat pump and a heat storage tank. The ground source heat pump is connected to the second unit, for delivering the fuel cell tail gas at the low temperature stage after heat exchange by the second unit to the heat storage tank, or for supplying heat to the user side. The heat storage tank is used to store the fuel cell tail gas at the low temperature stage and supply heat to the user side.

[0013] Further, the bipolar plate of the fuel cell stack is provided with a heat dissipation channel, and the heat dissipation channel is filled with a phase change coating, and the surface of the phase change coating is coated with a temperature-sensitive coating.

[0014] Further, the phase change coating is a mixture of nano-graphene and paraffin.

[0015] A fuel cell combined heat and power method, for the above-mentioned fuel cell combined heat and power system, comprising the following steps: Generating electricity by the power generation unit using wind energy and / or solar energy; Supplying the electricity generated by the power generation unit to the hydrogen production unit, and / or, interacting with the power grid to incorporate the electricity generated by the power generation unit into the power grid; When the power supply of the power generation unit is insufficient, supplying the electricity of the power grid to the hydrogen production unit; Preparing hydrogen by the hydrogen production unit, and storing the hydrogen into the hydrogen storage buffer tank; Using the hydrogen storage buffer tank to store hydrogen, and supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell stack; Using the hydrogen chemical reaction of the fuel cell stack to generate electricity, while releasing heat; Using the waste heat recovery unit to recover the heat released by the fuel cell stack and perform cascade utilization.

[0016] Further, generating electricity by the power generation unit using wind energy and / or solar energy comprises the following steps: Setting an adjustable orientation photovoltaic panel; Adjust the orientation of the photovoltaic panel to the angle facing the sun, absorb solar energy and generate electricity; Adjust the orientation of the photovoltaic panel to the angle facing the wind direction, generate electricity based on the wind force received.

[0017] Further, the waste heat recovery unit is used to recover the heat released by the fuel cell stack and carry out cascade utilization, comprising the following steps: A first unit is arranged to exchange heat with the tail gas of the high-temperature section fuel cell through the first unit; the tail gas of the high-temperature section fuel cell is greater than 120 DEG C; A second unit is arranged to exchange heat with the tail gas of the medium-temperature section fuel cell through the second unit; the tail gas of the medium-temperature section fuel cell is 60 DEG C to 120 DEG C; A third unit is arranged to exchange heat with the low-temperature section fuel cell through the third unit; the tail gas of the low-temperature section fuel cell is less than 60 DEG C.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present application are: 1. The present application can convert wind energy and solar energy into electric energy through the arrangement of the power generation unit, which is used for subsequent hydrogen production, and improves the collaborative regulation and control capability between renewable energy hydrogen production and fuel cells; at the same time, the power generation unit can feed part of the electric energy to the power grid, and the power grid can provide the electric energy required for hydrogen production when the power generation unit is insufficient, and the two play a redundant role; 2. The present application puts the entire power generation device into the grid and sets a hydrogen storage buffer tank at the outlet of the electrolytic hydrogen production device; when the wind and light resources are sufficient, the hydrogen production amount is greater than the consumption amount of the fuel cell, and the excess hydrogen is stored in the buffer tank; when the wind and light resources are insufficient, the buffer tank releases the stored hydrogen to supply the fuel cell, significantly reducing the need for direct power supply from the power grid to maintain hydrogen production, and reducing the impact on the power grid; when the wind and light resources are insufficient and the hydrogen storage amount of the buffer tank is below the set threshold, the system reduces the hydrogen production and fuel cell power, and maintains the system in a hot standby or minimum load operation through the power grid, until the next time the wind and light resources are sufficient or the hydrogen storage amount of the buffer tank recovers to above the set threshold; 3. The present application designs a serpentine microchannel on the surface of the fuel cell bipolar plate, and coats a temperature-sensitive phase change material layer, which makes the flow rate of the high-temperature working medium self-adaptively reduced, prolongs the heat exchange time, and promotes the uniform heat conduction; due to the synergistic effect of dynamic adjustment of the microchannel cross section and phase change latent heat, the temperature gradient in the fuel cell stack is significantly reduced, avoiding local overheating caused by membrane electrode damage, and improving the overall heat dissipation efficiency; 4. The waste heat recovery unit of the present application is designed as a three-stage unit, which can match the power generation, steam supply and heating demand of high, medium and low temperature waste heat respectively, and the system can automatically switch the operation mode according to the heat energy grade, and the waste heat utilization rate is significantly improved; 5、The application replaces fossil fuels with hydrogen produced by renewable energy, and the waste heat recovery unit converts traditional waste heat into electric energy, steam and heating output, so that the system runs with no pollution or low pollution emission due to the improved heat utilization rate and reduced consumption of fossil fuels.

[0019] Other features and advantages of the present application will be set forth in the following description, and in part will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the description, or can be learned by practice of the application. The objects and other advantages of the application will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative effort on the basis of these drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 A frame diagram of a fuel cell combined heat and power system is shown; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of photovoltaic panels laid flat in light energy mode is shown; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of photovoltaic panels laid flat in light energy mode is shown; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the distribution of heat dissipation channels of photovoltaic panels is shown; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of heat dissipation channels and coatings is shown; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the first unit is shown; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of the second unit is shown; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of the third unit is shown; Figure 9 A flow chart of a fuel cell combined heat and power method is shown.

[0022] In the figure: 1, photovoltaic panel; 101, adapter rod; 102, support rod; 2, outer circulation pipeline; 201, primary flash tank; 202, turbine; 203, first heat exchanger; 204, first circulating pump; 3, inner circulation pipeline; 301, secondary flash tank; 302, re-compression device; 4, second heat exchanger; 5, ground source heat pump; 6, heat storage tank; 7, bipolar plate; 701, heat dissipation channel; 702, phase change coating; 703, temperature-sensitive coating. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] To make the purposes, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0024] As Figure 1 A fuel cell combined heat and power system includes a power generation unit, a power grid, a hydrogen production unit, a hydrogen storage buffer tank, a fuel cell stack, and a waste heat recovery unit.

[0025] The power generation unit can absorb solar energy and generate electricity using wind power, and then supply electricity to the hydrogen production unit. At the same time, the power generation unit can exchange electricity with the power grid, so as to integrate part of the electricity into the power grid. The power grid plays a role of electricity supplement and adjustment in the system. When the power generation unit cannot supply enough electricity due to weather changes (such as overcast days, no wind, etc.), the power grid will timely supply electricity to the hydrogen production unit to ensure that the hydrogen production process continues stably.

[0026] After receiving electricity from the power generation unit or the power grid, the hydrogen production unit produces hydrogen by electrolyzing water or the like. The produced hydrogen is transported to the hydrogen storage buffer tank for storage. The hydrogen storage buffer tank has good sealing and pressure stabilizing performance, can safely store hydrogen temporarily, and can stably supply sufficient hydrogen to the fuel cell stack according to real-time demand of the fuel cell stack.

[0027] It should be noted that the hydrogen storage buffer tank is arranged at the outlet of the hydrogen production unit. The volume of the buffer tank is designed to meet the hydrogen consumption demand for at least 2 hours under the rated power of the system. The introduction of the buffer tank effectively suppresses the influence of wind and light power generation fluctuations on the hydrogen production rate, forming a local "small micro-grid" system. When wind and light resources are sufficient, the hydrogen production is greater than the consumption of the fuel cell, and the excess hydrogen is stored in the buffer tank; when the wind and light resources are insufficient, the buffer tank releases the stored hydrogen to supply the fuel cell, significantly reducing the demand for directly taking electricity from the power grid to maintain hydrogen production, and reducing the impact on the power grid.

[0028] After receiving hydrogen supplied by the hydrogen storage buffer tank, the fuel cell stack undergoes a chemical reaction (such as the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell) inside, generates electricity, and releases a large amount of reaction heat at the same time. The electricity can be directly used to meet the demand of external power equipment, and the released heat is captured by the waste heat recovery unit.

[0029] The waste heat recovery unit recovers the heat released by the fuel cell stack through heat exchange devices and other structures, and utilizes it in stages according to a preset temperature gradient. For example, high-temperature heat can be transferred to an organic Rankine cycle system to recover the high-temperature waste heat released by the fuel cell stack and convert it into electrical energy, thereby further improving the system's energy utilization efficiency. Medium-temperature heat can be used for building heating or providing domestic hot water, while low-temperature heat can be used for greenhouse insulation, thus achieving multi-level and efficient energy utilization and significantly improving the system's overall energy efficiency.

[0030] It should be noted that Figure 1 The system also includes a grid-connected inverter, photovoltaic meters, transformers, and bidirectional meters. The electricity generated by the power generation unit needs to pass through the grid-connected inverter and photovoltaic meters before entering the hydrogen production unit; similarly, the power grid needs to be connected to the transformer and bidirectional meters before the electricity is transmitted to the hydrogen production unit.

[0031] like Figure 2 As shown, the power generation unit mainly consists of several photovoltaic panels 1, an angle adjustment assembly composed of a support rod 102 and an adapter rod 101, etc. The angle adjustment assembly can adjust the working angle of the photovoltaic panels 1. The adapter rod 101 is rotatably mounted on the top of the support rod 102. The photovoltaic panels 1 are rotatably connected to the adapter rod 101, and the rotation range of the photovoltaic panels 1 is limited to the vertical plane, which is the plane along the axial direction of the support rod 102. The rotation direction of the adapter rod 101 is perpendicular to the rotation direction of the photovoltaic panels 1.

[0032] Combination Figure 3 As can be seen, the support rod 102 is generally perpendicular to the ground, and a connecting rod 101 is rotatably mounted on its top, allowing the connecting rod 101 to rotate 360° around the axis of the support rod 102. Four photovoltaic panels 1 are rotatably mounted on the circumferential surface of the connecting rod 101, and the axis of this rotatable connection is perpendicular to the length direction of the connecting rod 101. This limits the rotation range of the photovoltaic panels 1 to only the vertical plane, specifically the plane along the axis of the support rod 102 (i.e., the plane passing through the axis of the support rod 102 and perpendicular to the ground).

[0033] It should be noted that since the rotation direction of the adapter rod 101 is perpendicular to the rotation direction of the photovoltaic panel 1, when the adapter rod 101 rotates axially around the support rod 102, it can drive the photovoltaic panel 1 to adjust its orientation in the horizontal direction to adapt to the change of the solar azimuth angle; while the rotation of the photovoltaic panel 1 in the vertical plane can adjust the angle between itself and the horizontal plane, thereby adapting to the change of the solar altitude angle or optimizing the wind angle. Through this dual-axis rotation structure, the photovoltaic panel 1 can flexibly achieve multi-directional adjustment. When it is necessary to utilize solar energy efficiently, the photovoltaic panel 1 can be aligned with the sun by rotating the adapter rod 101 horizontally, and the photovoltaic panel 1 can maintain the best incident angle between the panel surface and the sunlight by rotating itself in the vertical plane. When it is necessary to utilize wind energy for power generation, the photovoltaic panel 1 can be aligned with the wind direction by rotating the adapter rod 101, and the tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel 1 in the vertical plane can be adjusted to maximize the wind-receiving area. When solar and wind energy are used simultaneously, the two rotation directions can be adjusted in a coordinated manner to make the photovoltaic panel 1 meet the optimized posture of both sunlight reception and wind capture, effectively improving the comprehensive energy utilization capacity of the power generation unit.

[0034] Optionally, in Figure 1 In this process, the power generation unit converts wind / solar energy into direct current (DC), and then uses a grid-connected inverter to convert the DC into alternating current (AC) that is in the same frequency, phase, and amplitude as the power grid. By connecting wind / solar energy to the grid, stable hydrogen production is ensured.

[0035] Optionally, in Figure 2 In the solar power mode, photovoltaic panel 1 can be laid flat to receive solar radiation over the largest area, and the tilt angle adaptive adjustment module tracks the azimuth of sunlight. Because the panel surface is covered with an anti-reflective functional layer, the light energy conversion efficiency is significantly improved, especially under strong midday sunlight conditions, where hydrogen production power reaches its peak, avoiding energy loss caused by a fixed tilt angle in traditional systems. This structure ensures that the hydrogen production system automatically switches to the optimal power generation mode when sunlight is insufficient or wind fluctuates, improving the continuity of gas supply and avoiding power fluctuations in fuel cells caused by energy input interruptions.

[0036] Optionally, in Figure 3 In the wind power mode, photovoltaic panel 1 switches to a vertical array to form a blade assembly. When there is insufficient sunlight at night or during cloudy or rainy weather, the vertical array captures wind energy from multiple directions to maintain stable hydrogen production power, avoiding hydrogen supply interruptions caused by reliance on a single energy source.

[0037] Therefore, when wind and solar resources are insufficient and the hydrogen storage in the buffer tank is below a set threshold, the system reduces the power of hydrogen production and fuel cells, maintaining the system in hot standby or minimum load operation through grid power, until wind and solar resources are sufficient again or the hydrogen storage in the buffer tank recovers to above the set threshold. Through intelligent switching between solar and wind power modes and a hydrogen storage buffering mechanism, the hydrogen production system can operate stably under complex weather conditions such as day and night, and sunny and cloudy weather. At the same time, the system avoids the situation of insufficient wind and solar resources through grid connection and hydrogen storage buffering, significantly improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0038] like Figure 4 As shown, a heat dissipation channel 701 is formed on the surface of the bipolar plate 7, and the heat dissipation channel 701 is filled with a phase change coating 702. For example, the heat dissipation channel 701 is a serpentine microchannel, and the channel is filled with a nanocomposite phase change coating 702. The phase change coating 702 can be composed of 5% by mass of nano-graphene and 95% by mass of paraffin. A temperature-sensitive phase change coating 703 (PNIPAM-based hydrogel) is also coated on the surface of the phase change coating 702.

[0039] like Figure 5 As shown, the temperature-sensitive coating 703 maintains a swollen state with the central axis as the symmetry reference, keeping the flow channel cross-section at a minimum width under low-temperature conditions. When the temperature exceeds the critical threshold, the coating material shrinks and deforms, and the flow channel cross-section expands symmetrically on both sides of the central axis. The expansion of the flow channel cross-section enhances the heat transfer effect and achieves a dynamic balance of heat dissipation intensity.

[0040] It should be further explained that the solid-liquid phase change process of the phase change coating 702 works synergistically with the temperature-sensitive coating 703. When the flow channel expands due to the contraction of the temperature-sensitive coating 703, the working fluid flow rate decreases, and the liquid phase change material absorbs latent heat in the high-temperature region and delays the temperature rise; when the flow channel contracts, the working fluid flow rate increases, and the solid phase change material rapidly dissipates heat through sensible heat transfer. Due to the coupling response between the phase change coating 702 and the flow channel structure, the heat dissipation module can maintain a uniform temperature distribution inside the fuel cell stack under different operating conditions.

[0041] The waste heat recovery unit employs a three-stage waste heat recovery system for fuel cell exhaust gas. The high-temperature waste heat recovery section utilizes an organic Rankine cycle system with R245fa (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane) as the working fluid, employing multi-stage flash evaporation technology to fully utilize the high-temperature waste heat. The low-temperature waste heat recovery section utilizes a ground source heat pump 5 to raise the low-temperature waste heat to 50-55℃ for heating, improving thermal energy utilization and achieving comprehensive utilization of high, medium, and low-temperature waste heat. For example... Figure 6-8 Implementation schemes for the first, second, and third units of the waste heat recovery unit are presented.

[0042] like Figure 6As shown, the first unit, serving as a heat exchange device for high-temperature fuel cell exhaust gas, can be directly connected to the exhaust port of the fuel cell stack for heat recovery and energy conversion of fuel cell exhaust gas with temperatures exceeding 120°C. This first unit uses R245fa as the circulating working fluid. Its core structure includes an external circulation pipeline 2 and an internal circulation pipeline 3, with both pipelines sharing a single-stage flash tank 201. The specific configuration and operating process are as follows: Along the circulation path of the external circulation pipeline 2, a primary flash tank 201, a turbine 202, a first heat exchanger 203, and a first circulation pump 204 are installed sequentially. The inlet of the primary flash tank 201 is connected to the exhaust outlet of the fuel cell, and the fuel cell exhaust gas (A2) in the high-temperature range above 120°C... 高温 After entering the primary flash tank 201, the R245fa working fluid, transported by the internal circulation pipeline 3, exchanges heat with the R245fa working fluid, causing the R245fa to absorb heat and evaporate into high-pressure steam at 1.2 MPa. The high-pressure R245fa steam enters the turbine 202, driving the turbine impeller to rotate, which in turn drives the connected generator (not shown in the figure) to generate electricity, thus converting high-temperature waste heat into electrical energy. The low-pressure R245fa steam, after performing work, enters the first heat exchanger 203 along the external circulation pipeline 2, exchanges heat with the external cooling medium (such as cooling water), condenses into liquid R245fa, and is then pressurized by the first circulation pump 204 and sent back to the primary flash tank 201, completing the external circulation.

[0043] Along the circulation path of the internal circulation pipeline 3, a primary flash tank 201, a secondary flash tank 301, and a recompression device 302, such as a steam compressor, are installed sequentially. Partially unevaporated R245fa (0.8 MPa) enters the secondary flash tank 301 from the primary flash tank 201, where it further absorbs residual heat to complete evaporation. It then enters the recompression device 302 for pressurization and finally returns to the primary flash tank 201, where it merges with the working fluid in the external circulation pipeline 2, ensuring the stability and efficiency of the working fluid circulation.

[0044] like Figure 7 As shown, the second unit is connected to the first unit. After heat exchange, the exhaust gas can enter the second unit through a pipeline from the first unit. It is mainly used to treat the fuel cell exhaust gas (A) whose temperature has dropped to 60℃~120℃ after heat exchange in the first unit. 中温 Its core component is the second heat exchanger 4 (corrugated plate type). The hot end of the second heat exchanger 4 is connected to the exhaust gas outlet of the first unit via a pipe to receive the fuel cell exhaust gas in the medium-temperature section; the cold end is connected to the condensate delivery pipe. After the condensate enters the second heat exchanger 4, it exchanges heat with the fuel cell exhaust gas in the medium-temperature section, absorbing heat from the exhaust gas to raise its temperature. The heated hot water can be directly delivered to the user side through the pipeline network for heating (heating, providing domestic hot water, etc.), realizing the direct utilization of medium-temperature waste heat.

[0045] It should be noted that the second unit can also be used to preheat the working fluid R245fa in the high-temperature waste heat section of the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) unit, thereby reducing evaporator energy consumption.

[0046] like Figure 8 As shown, the third unit is connected to the second unit. After heat exchange, the exhaust gas can enter the third unit from the second unit. This is for the low-temperature fuel cell exhaust gas (A) with a temperature <60℃ after heat exchange in the second unit. 低温 Waste heat recovery is achieved through a system comprising a ground source heat pump 5 and a heat storage tank 6. Based on a reverse Carnot cycle, the input of the ground source heat pump 5 is connected to the exhaust outlet of the second unit, allowing it to receive fuel cell exhaust gas from the low-temperature stage. When the ground source heat pump 5 starts, it can extract heat from the low-temperature exhaust gas through a heat pump cycle, directly providing heating or hot water to the user side. Simultaneously, it can temporarily store any unused low-temperature exhaust gas in the heat storage tank 6. The heat storage tank 6 has insulation capabilities, storing the waste heat carried by the low-temperature exhaust gas and releasing the stored heat during peak user demand periods. The heat is then raised to the user side via an auxiliary heating device (such as an electric heater, not shown in the figure) to provide heating (heating, providing domestic hot water, etc.), ensuring full utilization of the low-temperature waste heat.

[0047] It should be noted that the modular design deeply couples wind-solar hybrid hydrogen production (including hydrogen storage buffer), fuel cell power generation, and multi-stage waste heat recovery. The central control strategy achieves global optimization of wind and solar resource scheduling, hydrogen production and storage balance, fuel cell power and heat dissipation coordination, waste heat utilization in stages, and grid connection coordination. Due to the close cooperation of all components of the system and the effective smoothing of fluctuations by the buffer tank, the overall operational stability, energy utilization efficiency, and economy are significantly improved, and the grid friendliness is enhanced.

[0048] like Figure 9 As shown, a fuel cell combined heat and power method is used for... Figure 1 A fuel cell combined heat and power system includes the following steps: S1: Generating electricity using wind and / or solar energy through a power generation unit, including: S101: The power generation unit is equipped with adjustable-orientation photovoltaic panels 1, which adjust according to the real-time environmental conditions, such as solar radiation intensity and wind speed. When sunlight is abundant, the orientation of photovoltaic panel 1 is adjusted to face the sun (e.g., by horizontally rotating the adapter rod 101 to align with the sun, while simultaneously adjusting the tilt angle of photovoltaic panel 1 in the vertical plane to create an incident angle of 30°-60° between the panel surface and the sunlight). The photovoltaic panel 1's photoelectric conversion function absorbs solar energy and converts it into electrical energy; for example, in... Figure 2 In the middle, four photovoltaic panels are joined together to form a single panel, and then the angle is adjusted to align with the sun.

[0049] When the light intensity is below 200W / m 2 When the wind speed exceeds 3 m / s, the rotating shaft is automatically triggered to complete the mode switch within 30 seconds, adjusting the orientation of the photovoltaic panel 1 to face the wind direction (e.g., rotating the adapter rod 101 to make the panel face the wind source, while adjusting the tilt angle in the vertical plane to maximize the wind-receiving area), using wind power to drive the small wind turbine components connected to the photovoltaic panel 1 to generate electricity. For example, in... Figure 3 In the middle, four photovoltaic panels 1 are perpendicular to the ground, which can effectively utilize wind power to generate electricity, and at the same time can also absorb a small amount of solar energy.

[0050] In addition to the two methods mentioned above, when both solar and wind energy have utilization value, the photovoltaic panel 1 can theoretically be adjusted to the target angle: so that the photovoltaic panel 1 can receive sunlight in an inclined posture (maintaining an incident angle that matches the light) and face the wind direction in an inclined posture (maintaining a force angle that matches the wind source), thereby generating electricity by utilizing both solar and wind power and improving the overall output of the power generation unit.

[0051] S2: Supply the electrical energy generated by the power generation unit to the hydrogen production unit, and / or interact with the power grid to integrate the electrical energy generated by the power generation unit into the grid; when the power generation unit's power supply is insufficient, supply the power grid to the hydrogen production unit. Specifically, prioritize supplying electrical energy to the hydrogen production unit to meet its electricity demand for electrolytic hydrogen production; when the power generation of the power generation unit exceeds the real-time demand of the hydrogen production unit, integrate the surplus electrical energy into the grid through the grid interaction module to achieve energy export; if extreme weather such as cloudy days or no wind causes insufficient power supply to the power generation unit (e.g., power generation is lower than the minimum electricity consumption threshold of the hydrogen production unit), the grid supplementation mechanism is automatically triggered, and the power grid is transmitted to the hydrogen production unit through the grid interaction module to ensure that the hydrogen production process is not interrupted.

[0052] S3: Hydrogen is produced through a hydrogen production unit and stored in a hydrogen storage buffer tank.

[0053] S4: Use a hydrogen storage buffer tank to store hydrogen and supply hydrogen to the fuel cell stack.

[0054] S5: Uses the chemical reaction of hydrogen in a fuel cell stack to generate electricity while releasing heat.

[0055] S6: Use a waste heat recovery unit to recover the heat released by the fuel cell stack and utilize it in stages, including: setting up a first unit to exchange heat with the exhaust gas of the fuel cell in the high-temperature section; setting up a second unit to exchange heat with the exhaust gas of the fuel cell in the medium-temperature section; the exhaust gas of the fuel cell in the medium-temperature section is between 60℃ and 120℃; setting up a third unit to exchange heat with the fuel cell in the low-temperature section.

[0056] It should be noted that, Figure 1 The system configuration central controller is used to achieve this. Figure 9 The core control strategy of this method is as follows: Based on real-time light and wind speed data and the hydrogen storage buffer tank level, the wind and solar power generation modes are dynamically switched to optimize hydrogen production power and maintain the hydrogen storage capacity in the buffer tank within a safe range. The fuel cell output power and cooling fluid circulation rate are dynamically adjusted according to load demand and heat dissipation module temperature feedback (especially the state of the temperature-sensitive coating 703). The exhaust gas temperature is monitored in real time, and waste heat is automatically distributed to corresponding recovery levels such as ORC power generation, plate heat exchanger preheating / steam supply, and ground source heat pump heating according to preset grade thresholds (high temperature >120℃, medium temperature 60-120℃, low temperature <60℃). When the primary recovery temperature is insufficient, the waste heat is automatically downgraded to the secondary or tertiary modules. When wind and solar resources are sufficient, renewable energy power is prioritized for hydrogen production and may be fed back to the grid. When wind and solar resources are insufficient, the buffer tank hydrogen storage is prioritized to maintain fuel cell operation, and power is only drawn from the grid when necessary to maintain minimum load or produce hydrogen (when the buffer tank needs replenishment).

[0057] Combination Figures 1-9 The implementation status is as follows: Under clear daytime conditions and a wind speed of 4 m / s, the system detected a light intensity of 800 W / m. 2 The central controller maintains the photovoltaic panel 1 in a flat state and activates the tilt tracking module. Wind and solar power generation reaches 120% of the rated value, the electrolyzer operates at full load producing surplus hydrogen, and the hydrogen storage buffer tank level steadily rises from 50% to 85%. The fuel cell stack operates at a rated power of 100kW. At a stack temperature of 58℃, the microchannel temperature-sensitive coating 703 does not trigger contraction, and the heat dissipation medium primarily relies on sensible heat conduction. After the 135℃ exhaust gas enters the high-temperature waste heat section, the ORC multi-stage flash evaporator drives the turbine to generate 12kW of power under two pressure levels of 1.2MPa / 0.8MPa. The 95℃ medium-temperature waste heat preheats the ORC working fluid through the second heat exchanger 4 and outputs 70℃ hot water. Finally, the 45℃ low-temperature exhaust gas is raised to 52℃ by the ground source heat pump 5 for heating. In this scenario, the wind and solar resource utilization rate is 98%, the waste heat comprehensive utilization rate is 92%, and the redundancy of the hydrogen storage buffer tank significantly enhances system stability.

[0058] 2. In the event of a sudden strong wind of 8 m / s at night, the system switches to wind power mode within 30 seconds. The photovoltaic panels in the vertical array maintain 80% power generation, and the hydrogen storage buffer tank level remains stable at 60%. When the weather turns calm and cloudy with rain, the wind and solar power generation drops sharply to 10%, and the central controller activates the hydrogen storage priority strategy: the hydrogen storage buffer tank operates at 20 Nm³ / s. 3Hydrogen release at a rate of / h maintains 70% power operation of the fuel cell, while the electrolyzer power drops to 15%, requiring only a small amount of grid power. During this process, the local temperature of the stack reaches 63℃, triggering the contraction of the temperature-sensitive coating 703, and the cross-section of the heat dissipation channel 701 expands by 20%, prompting the nano-phase change working fluid 702 to absorb latent heat. When the exhaust gas temperature fluctuates from 105℃ to 40℃, the ORC generates 5kW of electricity at reduced load, and the ground source heat pump 5 continuously outputs 50℃ for heating. During the wind and solar power outage, the buffer tank support system operates for 2.5 hours, grid power consumption is reduced by 80%, and temperature fluctuations are controlled within ±3℃.

[0059] 3. During the peak summer electricity consumption period, the fuel cell suddenly increased to 120% overload operation, while the ORC primary flash tank 201 malfunctioned. Upon detecting that the evaporator inlet temperature exceeded 150°C, the central controller immediately activated redundant piping to switch the exhaust gas to the secondary flash tank 301 for low-pressure flash evaporation at 0.8 MPa. The waste heat from the original high-temperature section was downgraded to the medium-temperature section for treatment, and the second heat exchanger 4 directly produced 85°C industrial steam. At this time, the stack temperature surged to 68°C, causing the temperature-sensitive coating to completely shrink. The heat dissipation channel 701 maximized its cross-section, achieving an 80% liquid ratio in the nano-phase change working fluid, rapidly dissipating heat and triggering the controller to limit power to 110%. The hydrogen storage buffer tank simultaneously increased the hydrogen release rate to compensate for the power generation shortfall caused by the ORC malfunction. The system completed the heat path switching within 30 seconds of the malfunction, with an overall efficiency decrease of only 8% and no downtime.

[0060] An electronic device, comprising: Memory, used to store computer programs; When the processor executes the computer program stored in the memory, it implements the aforementioned fuel cell cogeneration method.

[0061] It should be noted that the memory may include random access memory (RAM) or non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device.

[0062] The processors mentioned above can be general-purpose processors, including central processing units (CPUs), network processors (NPs), etc.; they can also be digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components.

[0063] A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described fuel cell cogeneration method.

[0064] It should be noted that the computer-readable storage medium may be included in the device / apparatus described in the above embodiments; or it may exist independently and not assembled into the device / apparatus. The computer-readable storage medium carries one or more programs, which, when executed, implement a fuel cell cogeneration method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0065] According to embodiments of the present invention, the computer-readable storage medium may be a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, such as: a portable computer disk, a hard disk, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage device, magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. In the present invention, the computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0066] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel cell combined heat and power system, characterized in that, It includes a power generation unit, a power grid, a hydrogen production unit, a hydrogen storage buffer tank, a fuel cell stack, and a waste heat recovery unit; The power generation unit is used to supply electrical energy to the hydrogen production unit and to interact with the power grid; the power generation unit includes several photovoltaic panels (1) and an angle adjustment component, the photovoltaic panels (1) are connected to the angle adjustment component, and are used to generate electricity using solar energy or to generate electricity using wind energy after changing the angle using the angle adjustment component; The angle adjustment assembly includes a support rod (102) and an adapter rod (101); The adapter rod (101) is rotatably mounted on the top of the support rod (102); The photovoltaic panel (1) is rotatably connected to the adapter rod (101), and the rotation range of the photovoltaic panel (1) is limited to the vertical plane, which is the plane along the axial direction of the support rod (102). The rotation direction of the adapter rod (101) is perpendicular to the rotation direction of the photovoltaic panel (1); The power grid is used to supplement the hydrogen production unit with electrical energy when the power generation unit is insufficient. The hydrogen production unit is used to produce hydrogen using received electrical energy and store the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage buffer tank. The hydrogen storage buffer tank is used to store hydrogen and supply hydrogen to the fuel cell stack; The fuel cell stack is used to generate electricity through the chemical reaction of hydrogen, while releasing heat. The waste heat recovery unit is used to recover the heat released by the fuel cell stack and utilize it in stages.

2. The fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waste heat recovery unit includes: The first unit is used for heat exchange with the exhaust gas of the high-temperature fuel cell; the exhaust gas of the high-temperature fuel cell is >120°C. The second unit, connected to the first unit, is used for heat exchange with the fuel cell exhaust gas in the medium-temperature range; the fuel cell exhaust gas in the medium-temperature range is between 60°C and 120°C. The third unit, connected to the second unit, is used for heat exchange with the fuel cell in the low-temperature section; the exhaust gas of the fuel cell in the low-temperature section is <60°C.

3. A fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first unit includes an external circulation pipeline (2) and an internal circulation pipeline (3); Along the circulation path of the external circulation pipeline (2), a first-stage flash tank (201), a turbine (202), a first heat exchanger (203), and a first circulation pump (204) are installed in sequence; the first-stage flash tank (201) is connected to the exhaust gas outlet of the fuel cell; Along the circulation path of the internal circulation pipeline (3), a primary flash tank (201), a secondary flash tank (301), and a recompression device (302) are installed in sequence; The external circulation pipeline (2) and the internal circulation pipeline (3) share the primary flash tank (201).

4. A fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second unit includes a second heat exchanger (4); The hot end of the second heat exchanger (4) is connected to the first unit and is used to receive the fuel cell exhaust gas in the medium temperature range formed after heat exchange by the first unit; The cold end of the second heat exchanger (4) is used to receive condensate to achieve heat exchange with the fuel cell exhaust gas in the medium temperature range. The condensate is then used to supply heat to the user side after heat exchange.

5. A fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The third unit includes a ground source heat pump (5) and a heat storage tank (6); The ground source heat pump (5) is connected to the second unit and is used to transport the low-temperature fuel cell exhaust gas generated after the second unit heats up to the heat storage tank (6), or to supply heat to the user side. The heat storage tank (6) is used to store fuel cell exhaust gas in the low-temperature range and to supply heat to the user side.

6. A fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the bipolar plate (7) of the fuel cell stack is provided with a heat dissipation channel (701), the heat dissipation channel (701) is filled with a phase change coating (702), and the surface of the phase change coating (702) is coated with a temperature-sensitive coating (703).

7. A fuel cell cogeneration system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The phase change coating (702) is a mixture of nano-graphene and paraffin.

8. A fuel cell cogeneration method, used in a fuel cell cogeneration system according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Power generation is achieved through a power generation unit that utilizes wind and / or solar energy. The power generated by the power generation unit is supplied to the hydrogen production unit, and / or, the power generated by the power generation unit is fed into the power grid. When the power generation unit is insufficient, the power from the grid is supplied to the hydrogen production unit; Hydrogen is produced by a hydrogen production unit and stored in the hydrogen storage buffer tank. Hydrogen is stored in a hydrogen storage buffer tank and supplied to the fuel cell stack. The hydrogen chemical reaction in the fuel cell stack generates electricity while releasing heat. Waste heat recovery units are used to recover the heat released by the fuel cell stack and utilize it in stages.

9. A fuel cell cogeneration method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Generating electricity using wind and / or solar energy through a power generation unit includes the following steps: Install photovoltaic panels with adjustable orientation (1); Adjust the orientation of the photovoltaic panel (1) to face the sun to absorb solar energy and generate electricity; or, adjust the orientation of the photovoltaic panel (1) to face the wind direction to generate electricity based on the wind force.

10. A fuel cell cogeneration method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The process of recovering and utilizing the heat released by the fuel cell stack using a waste heat recovery unit includes the following steps: A first unit is set up to exchange heat with the exhaust gas of the fuel cell in the high-temperature section; the exhaust gas of the fuel cell in the high-temperature section is >120°C. A second unit is set up to exchange heat with the fuel cell exhaust gas in the medium-temperature section; the fuel cell exhaust gas in the medium-temperature section is between 60°C and 120°C. A third unit is set up to exchange heat with the fuel cell in the low-temperature section; the exhaust gas of the fuel cell in the low-temperature section is <60°C.

11. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: Memory, used to store computer programs; A processor, when executing a computer program stored in a memory, implements a fuel cell cogeneration method according to any one of claims 8-10.

12. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements a fuel cell cogeneration method according to any one of claims 8-10.

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