Information transmission method and communication device

Abstract

The invention provides an information transmission method and a communication device, and the information transmission method comprises the steps: transmitting D2R information based on the number of times of D2R repetition and / or the D2R repetition mode. By implementing the application, the signal receiving success rate can be improved through repeated transmission, so that coverage enhancement in the A-IoT system is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an information transmission method and communication device. Background Technology

[0002] In communication systems, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) introduced the Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT). Based on cellular network communication infrastructure, A-IoT consists of readers (such as base stations) and A-IoT devices. A-IoT devices are simple in structure, have low hardware costs, low maintenance costs, and low power consumption, and can be accessed in large numbers within the network. Readers can communicate with A-IoT devices via wireless radio frequency signals. However, for A-IoT devices located far from the reader, signal attenuation between the device and the reader may be significant, resulting in low signal reception success rates. Therefore, improving signal reception success rates to enhance coverage has become a pressing issue. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides an information transmission method and communication device, which can improve the signal reception success rate by repeated transmission, thereby achieving coverage enhancement.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides an information transmission method, the method comprising:

[0005] Send D2R information based on the number of D2R repetitions and / or the D2R repetition pattern.

[0006] By implementing the first aspect of the method, since D2R information is repeatedly transmitted, the signal reception success rate of D2R signals transmitted by A-IoT devices to readers can be improved, thereby achieving coverage enhancement.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the method also includes:

[0008] Get the number of repetitions of D2R and / or the repetition pattern of D2R.

[0009] In one possible implementation, obtaining the number of D2R repetitions and / or the D2R repetition pattern includes:

[0010] Get the repeat level;

[0011] Based on the repetition level, determine the number of repetitions for D2R and / or the repetition pattern for D2R.

[0012] Implementing this method provides a way to determine the number of repetitions and / or the repetition pattern of D2R based on the repetition level. In other words, the number of repetitions and / or the repetition pattern of D2R are related to the repetition level, thereby improving the accuracy of the determined number of repetitions and / or repetition pattern.

[0013] In one possible implementation, obtaining the repetition level includes:

[0014] The repetition level is determined based on one or more of the following: the location of the D2R information transmitting device, the device type of the D2R information transmitting device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal.

[0015] Implementing this method can accurately determine the repetition level, thereby improving the accuracy of the determined number of repetitions and / or repetition patterns.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the D2R information indicates one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times D2R is repeated, the repetition method of D2R, and the current number of times the D2R information is repeated.

[0017] Implementing this method, D2R information indicates relevant information for repeated D2R transmissions without requiring additional signaling, thus saving signaling and facilitating the reader's reception of D2R information by indicating the relevant information for repeated transmissions.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the D2R information includes control information, which instructs D2R to employ repeated transmissions, the number of D2R repetitions, the D2R repetition mode, and one or more of the current number of D2R repetitions; or...

[0019] D2R information includes pilot sequences, which indicate one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of D2R repetitions, the D2R repetition mode, and the current number of D2R repetitions.

[0020] By implementing this method, the control information or pilot sequence included in the D2R information can indicate the relevant information for repeated D2R transmissions. Since the receiving device of the D2R information will prioritize parsing the control information or pilot sequence, it can quickly parse the relevant information for repeated transmissions.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the pilot sequence indicates one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of D2R repetitions, the D2R repetition mode, and the current number of repetitions of the D2R information, including:

[0022] The pilot sequence code pattern is associated with one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of D2R repetitions, the D2R repetition mode, and the current number of D2R information repetitions; the pilot sequence is one or more of the following: preamble, introductory code, or postamble.

[0023] By implementing this method, the pilot sequence can be fully utilized by indicating the retransmitted relevant information through the code pattern of the pilot sequence. The pilot sequence can not only be used for synchronization, but also to indicate the retransmitted relevant information, thereby improving the utilization rate of the pilot sequence and saving signaling overhead.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the method also includes:

[0025] Receive R2D information, which indicates one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of D2R repetitions, the D2R repetition method, and the repetition level.

[0026] By implementing this method, R2D information can indicate relevant information for repeated transmission of D2R information, that is, let the reader determine the relevant information for repeated transmission, which can improve the accuracy of the determined relevant information for repeated transmission of D2R information.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the method also includes:

[0028] If no feedback is received after sending D2R information based on the number of D2R repetitions, then D2R transmission is performed based on a new number of D2R repetitions, where the new number of D2R repetitions is greater than the original number of D2R repetitions.

[0029] By implementing this method, the number of D2R repetitions is gradually increased until feedback information on the D2R is received, thereby ensuring the rationality of the determined number of D2R repetitions.

[0030] In one possible implementation, the number of repetitions of D2R and the number of repetitions of the new D2R both correspond to the same repetition level; and / or, the number of repetitions of D2R and the number of repetitions of the new D2R are both no greater than the maximum number of repetitions.

[0031] By implementing this method, the progressively increasing number of D2R repetitions corresponds to the same repetition level. In other words, each repetition level is configured with a progressively increasing number of D2R repetitions, which makes the determined number of repetitions more accurate.

[0032] The number of D2R repetitions is gradually increased and does not exceed the maximum number of repetitions, which can save resources for repeated transmission of D2R information.

[0033] In one possible implementation, the number of D2R repetitions and / or the CRC used for each transmission in the D2R repetition pattern are the same; or,

[0034] The first transmission based on the D2R repetition count and / or D2R repetition method uses CRC, while subsequent transmissions do not use CRC.

[0035] By implementing this method, the same CRC is used in each transmission, which improves transmission reliability. Using CRC in the first transmission but not in subsequent transmissions saves overhead.

[0036] In one possible implementation, D2R information is sent based on the number of D2R repetitions and / or the D2R repetition pattern, including:

[0037] Based on the number of D2R repetitions and / or the D2R repetition method, D2R information is transmitted on N frequency domain resources respectively, where N is less than or equal to the number of D2R repetitions.

[0038] By implementing this method, D2R information can be sent on N frequency domain resources. By sending D2R information on different frequency domain resources, frequency domain gain can be obtained, thereby improving the reliability of transmission.

[0039] Secondly, this application provides an information transmission method, the method comprising:

[0040] Receive D2R information based on the number of D2R repetitions and / or the D2R repetition pattern.

[0041] In one possible implementation, the method further includes obtaining the number of repetitions of D2R and / or the repetition pattern of D2R.

[0042] In one possible implementation, the D2R information indicates one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times D2R is repeated, the repetition method of D2R, and the current number of times the D2R information is repeated.

[0043] In one possible implementation, the D2R information includes D2R control information, which instructs D2R to employ repeated transmissions, the number of D2R repetitions, the D2R repetition mode, and one or more of the current number of D2R repetitions; or...

[0044] D2R information includes pilot sequences, which indicate one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of D2R repetitions, the D2R repetition mode, and the current number of D2R repetitions.

[0045] In one possible implementation, the pilot sequence indicates one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of D2R repetitions, the D2R repetition mode, and the current number of repetitions of the D2R information, including:

[0046] The pilot sequence code pattern is associated with one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of D2R repetitions, the D2R repetition mode, and the current number of D2R repetitions; the pilot sequence is one or more of the following: preamble, introductory code, or postamble.

[0047] In one possible implementation, the method also includes:

[0048] Send R2D information, which indicates one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times D2R is repeated, the repetition method of D2R, and the repetition level.

[0049] In one possible implementation, the method also includes:

[0050] The repetition level is determined based on one or more of the following: the location of the D2R information transmitting device, the device type of the D2R information transmitting device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal.

[0051] In one possible implementation, D2R information is received based on the number of D2R repetitions and / or the D2R repetition pattern, including:

[0052] Based on the number of D2R repetitions and / or the D2R repetition pattern, D2R information is received on N frequency domain resources respectively, where N is less than or equal to the number of D2R repetitions.

[0053] The beneficial effects of the second aspect and its various implementations can be referenced in the beneficial effects of the first aspect and its various implementations.

[0054] Thirdly, this application provides an information transmission method, the method comprising:

[0055] Send R2D information based on the number of times R2D is repeated and / or the repetition pattern of R2D.

[0056] The third approach, since R2D information is repeatedly transmitted, can improve the success rate of R2D information reception, thereby achieving coverage enhancement.

[0057] In one possible implementation, the method further includes obtaining the number of repetitions of R2D and / or the repetition pattern of R2D.

[0058] In one possible implementation, obtaining the number of repetitions of R2D and / or the repetition pattern of R2D includes:

[0059] Get the repeat level;

[0060] Determine the number of repetitions and / or the repetition pattern of R2D based on the repetition level.

[0061] Implementing this method provides a way to determine the number of repetitions and / or the repetition pattern of R2D based on the repetition level. In other words, the number of repetitions and / or the repetition pattern of R2D are associated with the repetition level, thereby improving the accuracy of the determined number of repetitions and / or repetition pattern.

[0062] In one possible implementation, obtaining the repetition level includes:

[0063] The repetition level is determined based on one or more of the following: the location of the receiving device for R2D information, the device type of the receiving device for R2D information, or the measurement results of the D2R signal.

[0064] Implementing this method can accurately determine the repetition level, thereby improving the accuracy of the determined number of repetitions and / or repetition patterns.

[0065] In one possible implementation, the R2D information indicates one or more of the following: R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of times R2D is repeated, the repetition method of R2D, and the current number of times the first R2D information is repeated.

[0066] Implementing this method, R2D information indicates relevant information that is repeatedly transmitted by R2D without the need for additional signaling, thus saving signaling and indicating the relevant information of repeated transmission to A-IoT devices, which also makes it easier for A-IoT devices to receive R2D information.

[0067] In one possible implementation, the R2D information includes control information, which instructs the R2D to use repeated transmission, the number of times the R2D is repeated, the repetition mode of the R2D, and the current number of times the R2D information is repeated; or...

[0068] R2D information includes pilot sequences, which indicate one or more of the following: R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of times R2D is repeated, the repetition mode of R2D, and the current number of times the R2D information is repeated.

[0069] By implementing this method, the control information or pilot sequence included in the R2D information can indicate the relevant information for repeated R2D transmission. Since the receiving device of D2R information will prioritize parsing the control information or pilot sequence, it is convenient for the receiving device of R2D information to quickly parse the relevant information for repeated transmission.

[0070] In one possible implementation, the pilot sequence indicates one or more of the following: R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of times R2D is repeated, the repetition mode of R2D, and the current number of times the R2D information is repeated, including:

[0071] The pilot sequence code pattern is associated with one or more of the following: R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of times R2D is repeated, the repetition mode of R2D, and the current number of times R2D information is repeated; the pilot sequence is one or more of the following: preamble, introductory code, or postamble.

[0072] By implementing this method, the pilot sequence can be used to indicate the information to be repeatedly transmitted, thus making full use of the pilot sequence. The pilot sequence can not only be used for synchronization, but also to indicate the information to be repeatedly transmitted, thereby improving the utilization rate of the pilot sequence and saving signaling overhead.

[0073] In one possible implementation, the method also includes:

[0074] If no feedback is received after sending R2D information based on the number of R2D repetitions, then R2D transmission is performed based on a new number of R2D repetitions, where the new number of R2D repetitions is greater than the original number of R2D repetitions.

[0075] By implementing this method, the number of R2D repetitions is gradually increased until feedback information on the R2D is received, thereby ensuring the rationality of the determined number of R2D repetitions.

[0076] In one possible implementation, the number of repetitions of R2D and the number of repetitions of the new R2D both correspond to the same repetition level; and / or, the number of repetitions of R2D and the number of repetitions of the new R2D are both no greater than the maximum number of repetitions.

[0077] By implementing this method, the progressively increasing number of R2D repetitions corresponds to the same repetition level. In other words, each repetition level is configured with a progressively increasing number of R2D repetitions, which makes the determined number of repetitions more accurate.

[0078] The number of repetitions in the gradually increasing R2D method does not exceed the maximum number of repetitions, which can save resources on the repeated transmission of R2D information.

[0079] In one possible implementation, the number of R2D repetitions and / or the CRC used for each transmission of the R2D repetition pattern are the same; or,

[0080] The first transmission based on the number of R2D repetitions and / or the R2D repetition method uses CRC, while subsequent transmissions do not use CRC.

[0081] By implementing this method, the same CRC is used in each transmission, which improves transmission reliability. Using CRC in the first transmission but not in subsequent transmissions saves overhead.

[0082] Fourthly, this application provides an information transmission method, the method comprising:

[0083] The R2D information is received based on the number of repetitions and / or the repetition pattern of R2D.

[0084] In one possible implementation, the method also includes:

[0085] Obtain the number of times the reader-to-device R2D is repeated and / or the repeating method of the R2D.

[0086] In one possible implementation, the R2D information indicates one or more of the following: R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of times R2D is repeated, the repetition method of R2D, and the current number of times the R2D information is repeated.

[0087] In one possible implementation, the R2D information includes control information, which instructs the R2D to use repeated transmission, the number of times the R2D is repeated, the repetition mode of the R2D, and the current number of times the R2D information is repeated; or...

[0088] R2D information includes pilot sequences, which indicate one or more of the following: R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of times R2D is repeated, the repetition mode of R2D, and the current number of times the R2D information is repeated.

[0089] In one possible implementation, the pilot sequence indicates one or more of the following: R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of times R2D is repeated, the repetition mode of R2D, and the current number of times the R2D information is repeated, including:

[0090] The pilot sequence code pattern is associated with one or more of the following: R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of times R2D is repeated, the repetition mode of R2D, and the current number of times R2D information is repeated; the pilot sequence is one or more of the following: preamble, introductory code, or postamble.

[0091] In one possible implementation, the number of R2D repetitions and / or the CRC used for each transmission of the R2D repetition pattern are the same; or,

[0092] The first transmission based on the number of R2D repetitions and / or the R2D repetition method uses CRC, while subsequent transmissions do not use CRC.

[0093] The beneficial effects of the fourth aspect and its various implementations can be seen in the beneficial effects of the third aspect and its various implementations.

[0094] Fifthly, this application provides an information transmission method, the method comprising:

[0095] Receive reader-to-device R2D information from at least two network nodes, wherein the R2D information from at least two network nodes is identical.

[0096] The fifth aspect involves at least two network nodes sending the same R2D information to the same A-IoT device, thereby enabling repeated transmission of R2D information, improving the success rate of R2D information reception, and achieving coverage enhancement.

[0097] In one possible implementation, R2D information from at least two network nodes occupies the same time-domain resources.

[0098] By implementing this method, at least two network nodes can send R2D information using the same time domain resources, thereby enhancing the signal of the R2D information and improving the quality of signal reception.

[0099] In one possible implementation, R2D information from different network nodes occupies different time-domain resources in the time domain.

[0100] By implementing this method, different network nodes use different time-domain resources to send R2D information, thereby enabling repeated transmission of R2D information in the time domain and avoiding interference between different network nodes.

[0101] Sixthly, this application provides an information transmission method applied to a first network node, the method comprising:

[0102] Send a first command to the second network node, the first command being used to instruct the second network node to send reader-to-device R2D information to the A-IoT device;

[0103] Send R2D information to A-IoT devices.

[0104] In implementing the sixth aspect of the method, the first network node can not only instruct the second network node to send R2D information, but the first network node will also send R2D information, thereby enabling repeated transmission of R2D information and achieving coverage enhancement.

[0105] In one possible implementation, the first command indicates at least one of the following: R2D information, the identifier of the A-IoT device, the time-frequency resources for transmitting R2D information, and the number of times the second network node transmits R2D information.

[0106] By implementing this method, the first network node and the second network node can send the same R2D information to the same A-IoT device through the first command.

[0107] In one possible implementation, the time-domain resources for the first network node to send R2D information are the same as those for the second network node to send R2D information.

[0108] By implementing this method, at least two network nodes can send R2D information using the same time domain resources, thereby enhancing the signal of the R2D information and improving the quality of signal reception.

[0109] In one possible implementation, the time-domain resources for the first network node to send R2D information are different from those for the second network node to send R2D information.

[0110] By implementing this method, different network nodes use different time-domain resources to send R2D information, thereby enabling repeated transmission of R2D information in the time domain and avoiding interference between different network nodes.

[0111] In one possible implementation, the first command is carried in one of the following: RRC signaling, Media Access Control - Control Element (MAC) CE, Configuration Authorization (CG), Downlink Control Information (DCI), and Uplink Control Information (UCI).

[0112] By implementing this method, the first command is carried in the existing signaling, thereby saving signaling transmission overhead.

[0113] In a seventh aspect, embodiments of this application provide a communication device, which includes units for implementing the method in any possible implementation of the first aspect, or units for implementing the method in any possible implementation of the second aspect, or units for implementing the method in any possible implementation of the third aspect, or units for implementing the method in any possible implementation of the fourth aspect, or units for implementing the method in any possible implementation of the fifth aspect, or units for implementing the method in any possible implementation of the sixth aspect.

[0114] Eighthly, embodiments of this application provide a communication device including a processor and a memory interconnected thereto. The memory stores a computer program, which includes program instructions. The processor is configured to invoke the program instructions to perform the method described in the first aspect or any optional embodiment of the first aspect, or to perform the method described in the second aspect or any optional embodiment of the second aspect, or to perform the method described in the third aspect or any optional embodiment of the third aspect, or to perform the method described in the fourth aspect or any optional embodiment of the fourth aspect, or to perform the method described in the fifth aspect or any optional embodiment of the fifth aspect, or to perform the method described in the sixth aspect or any optional embodiment of the sixth aspect.

[0115] Ninthly, embodiments of this application provide a chip including a processor and an interface, the processor and the interface being coupled; the interface is used to receive and / or output signals, and the processor is used to execute code instructions to perform the method as described in the first aspect or any optional embodiment of the first aspect, or to perform the method as described in the second aspect or any optional embodiment of the second aspect, or to perform the method as described in the third aspect or any optional embodiment of the third aspect, or to perform the method as described in the fourth aspect or any optional embodiment of the fourth aspect, or to perform the method as described in the fifth aspect or any optional embodiment of the fifth aspect, or to perform the method as described in the sixth aspect or any optional embodiment of the sixth aspect.

[0116] In a tenth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a module device, which includes a communication module, a power module, a storage module, and a chip module, wherein: the power module is used to provide power to the module device; the storage module is used to store data and / or instructions; the communication module communicates with external devices; and the chip module is used to call the data and / or instructions stored in the storage module, and in conjunction with the communication module, execute the method as described in the first aspect or any optional embodiment of the first aspect, or execute the method as described in the second aspect or any optional embodiment of the second aspect, or execute the method as described in the third aspect or any optional embodiment of the third aspect, or execute the method as described in the fourth aspect or any optional embodiment of the fourth aspect, or execute the method as described in the fifth aspect or any optional embodiment of the fifth aspect, or execute the method as described in the sixth aspect or any optional embodiment of the sixth aspect.

[0117] Eleventhly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, the computer program including program instructions that, when executed by a computer, implement the method as described in the first aspect or any optional embodiment of the first aspect, or implement the method as described in the second aspect or any optional embodiment of the second aspect, or implement the method as described in the third aspect or any optional embodiment of the third aspect, or implement the method as described in the fourth aspect or any optional embodiment of the fourth aspect, or implement the method as described in the fifth aspect or any optional embodiment of the fifth aspect, or implement the method as described in the sixth aspect or any optional embodiment of the sixth aspect.

[0118] In a twelfth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product comprising a computer program or computer code that, when run on a computer, implements the method described in the first aspect or any optional implementation thereof, or implements the method described in the second aspect or any optional implementation thereof, or implements the method described in the third aspect or any optional implementation thereof, or implements the method described in the fourth aspect or any optional implementation thereof, or implements the method described in the fifth aspect or any optional implementation thereof, or implements the method described in the sixth aspect or any optional implementation thereof.

[0119] In a thirteenth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a communication system comprising a network node and an A-IoT device. The A-IoT device is configured to perform the method described in the first aspect or any optional embodiment of the first aspect, and the network node is configured to perform the method described in the second aspect or any optional embodiment of the second aspect; or...

[0120] The network node is used to perform the method described in the third aspect or any optional implementation of the third aspect, and the A-IoT device is used to perform the method described in the fourth aspect or any optional implementation of the fourth aspect.

[0121] In a fourteenth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a communication system comprising a first network node, a second network node, and an A-IoT device. The A-IoT device is configured to perform the method described in the fifth aspect or any optional embodiment of the fifth aspect, and the first network node is configured to instruct the method described in the sixth aspect or any optional embodiment of the sixth aspect. Attached Figure Description

[0122] Figure 1a This is a schematic diagram of a network topology 1 provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0123] Figure 1b This is a schematic diagram of a network topology 2 provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0124] Figure 1c This is a schematic diagram of a network topology 3 provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0125] Figure 1d This is a schematic diagram of another network topology 3 provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0126] Figure 1e This is a schematic diagram of a network topology 4 provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0127] Figure 2aThis is a flowchart of the code block-level repetition processing provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0128] Figure 2b This is a flowchart of the bit-level type 1 repetition processing provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0129] Figure 2c This is a flowchart of the bit-level type 2 repetition processing provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0130] Figure 2d This is a flowchart of the code-level repetition processing provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0131] Figure 2e This is a schematic diagram of symbol-level repetition provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0132] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the inventory process provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0133] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the access process provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0134] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating an information transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0135] Figure 6a This is a schematic diagram of time-frequency resources occupied by D2R information provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0136] Figure 6b This is a schematic diagram of another time-frequency resource occupied by D2R information provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0137] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating another information transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0138] Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating another information transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0139] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the first network node and the second network node provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0140] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the time-frequency resources occupied by the R2D information sent by the first network node and the second network node according to the embodiments of this application;

[0141] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0142] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of another communication device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0143] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another communication device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0144] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a module device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0145] In this embodiment of the application, unless otherwise stated, the character " / " indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an OR relationship. For example, A / B can represent A or B. "AND / OR" describes the relationship between the associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A AND / OR B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone.

[0146] It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" used in the embodiments of this application are used only for distinguishing descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated, nor should they be construed as indicating or implying order.

[0147] In the embodiments of this application, "at least one" refers to one or more items, and "more than one" refers to two or more items. Furthermore, "at least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, which may include any combination of a single item or a plurality of items. For example, at least one of A, B, or C can represent: A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A, B, and C. Each of A, B, and C can be an element itself or a set containing one or more elements.

[0148] In this application, terms such as "exemplary," "in some embodiments," and "in another embodiment" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" in this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the term "exemplary" is intended to present the concept in a concrete manner.

[0149] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "of," "corresponding (relevant)," and "corresponding" may sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, without emphasizing the distinction, their meanings are consistent. Similarly, in the embodiments of this application, "communication" and "transmission" may sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, without emphasizing the distinction, their meanings are consistent. For example, transmission can include sending and / or receiving, and can be a noun or a verb.

[0150] In the embodiments of this application, the term "equal to" can be used in conjunction with "greater than" to apply to technical solutions employing the condition of "greater than", and can also be used in conjunction with "less than" to apply to technical solutions employing the condition of "less than". It should be noted that when "equal to" is used with "greater than", it cannot be used with "less than"; and when "equal to" is used with "less than", it cannot be used with "greater than".

[0151] The following is a description of some relevant terms used in the embodiments of this application:

[0152] I. Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT)

[0153] A-IoT, also known as passive IoT, offers lower power consumption and lower cost compared to NB-IoT within the 3GPP standard framework. In non-3GPP frameworks, A-IoT targets the market demand for radio frequency identification (RFID), providing comparable and more advantageous technical solutions.

[0154] The demand for A-IoT stems from addressing scenarios not covered by current 3GPP technologies, such as the following three scenarios:

[0155] 1) Under extreme environmental conditions, such as high pressure, extremely high / low temperature, and humid environments.

[0156] 2) Scenarios such as ultra-low complexity, very small device size / shape factor (e.g., thickness in millimeters), maintenance-free (e.g., traditional batteries that do not require device replacement) and longer life cycle.

[0157] 3) Device scenarios where traditional battery-powered devices are not applicable.

[0158] A-IoT can provide Internet of Things (IoT) services and features characteristics such as battery-free operation, low power consumption, low complexity, low cost, small size, and long lifespan. Compared to traditional IoT technologies, an A-IoT system includes A-IoT devices and readers. For example, a reader can also be called a reader-writer, interrogator, etc. For example, an A-IoT device can also be called an A-IoT terminal, A-IoT user equipment (UE), or a device with A-IoT functionality represented by a tag.

[0159] A-IoT devices are powered by energy harvesting and can operate without batteries or with limited energy storage (i.e., using capacitors). They can communicate with other devices without a traditional power source or avoid human intervention for charging or replacement. The devices themselves can harvest energy from radio waves or, in specific use cases, from any other form of energy. For example, in some scenarios, A-IoT devices can harvest energy from radio waves, which may originate from 5G New Radio (NR) network entities or User Equipment (UE). In other scenarios, A-IoT devices can harvest energy from solar energy, light, motion / vibration, heat, pressure, or any other source.

[0160] II. Device Types of A-IoT Devices

[0161] In one possible example, an A-IoT device can have the following two characteristics:

[0162] A-IoT device 1 has a peak power consumption of around 1 microwatt, energy storage capabilities, and a sampling clock frequency offset (SFO) of up to 10. X ppm, no signal amplification capability. Device-to-reader (D2R) transmission of A-IoT device 1 is based on backscatter transmission using a carrier frequency provided externally. D2R refers to the transmission process from the A-IoT device to the reader (such as a network device or terminal device), which is described in detail below.

[0163] A-IoT device 2, with peak power consumption in the hundreds of microwatts, has energy storage capabilities and an SFO of up to 10. X ppm indicates signal amplification capability. Furthermore, based on the source of the carrier frequency used for transmission, A-IoT device 2 can be divided into A-IoT device 2a and A-IoT device 2b. Specifically, A-IoT device 2a's D2R transmission is based on backscatter transmission using an externally provided carrier frequency, while A-IoT device 2b's D2R transmission is based on a carrier frequency generated internally within the device.

[0164] III. Network Topology of A-IoT

[0165] The following example illustrates the topology of an A-IoT system:

[0166] Network Topology 1:

[0167] Please refer to Figure 1a This is a schematic diagram of a topology provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1a In this system, A-IoT devices and network devices communicate bidirectionally. The network device can send R2D (reader-to-device) signals to the A-IoT device; the A-IoT device receives the R2D signals sent by the network device; optionally, the A-IoT device sends a corresponding response signal to the network device (this response signal can be a backscattered signal). Similarly, the A-IoT device can send D2R signals to the network device; the network device receives the D2R signals from the A-IoT device; optionally, the network device sends a corresponding response signal to the A-IoT device.

[0168] It should be noted that, in Figure 1a In this context, transmission from network devices to A-IoT devices can be called "R2D" transmission, while transmission from A-IoT devices to network devices can be called "D2R" transmission. Figure 1a Optionally, the reader can be a network device.

[0169] In some possible implementations, a network device is a device with wireless transceiver capabilities. In some implementations, the network device may be responsible for air interface-side radio resource management (RRM), quality of service (QoS) management, data compression and encryption, and data transmission and reception.

[0170] In some possible implementations, network devices may include base stations (BS) in a communication system or devices deployed in a radio access network (RAN) to provide wireless communication functions; that is, network devices may include devices in the RAN. For example, devices in the RAN may include evolved node B (eNB or eNodeB) in an LTE communication system, next-generation evolved node B (ng-eNB) in an NR communication system, next-generation node B (gNB) in an NR communication system, master node (MN) in a dual-connectivity architecture, and secondary node (SN) in a dual-connectivity architecture, etc., without specific limitations.

[0171] In some possible implementations, network devices may include devices in the core network (CN). For example, devices in the CN may include access and mobility management functions (AMF), user plane functions (UPF), session management functions (SMF), etc.

[0172] In some possible implementations, network devices can also be access points (APs) in Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), relay stations, communication devices in future evolved PLMN networks, and communication devices in Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs).

[0173] In some possible implementations, the network device may include means for providing wireless communication capabilities to terminal devices, such as a chip system, a chip, or a chip module. For example, the chip system may include a chip, or it may include other discrete devices.

[0174] In some possible implementations, network devices can communicate with Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet, private IP networks, or other data networks.

[0175] In some possible implementations, the network device may include a single node to perform the functions of the aforementioned base station, or it may include two or more independent nodes to perform the functions of the aforementioned base station. For example, the network device includes centralized units (CUs) and distributed units (DUs), such as gNB-CU and gNB-DU.

[0176] In some possible implementations, the network device can be any of the multiple sites that perform coherent joint transmission (CJT) with the terminal device, or other sites outside of the multiple sites, or other network devices that communicate with the terminal device, without any specific restrictions.

[0177] In some possible implementations, the network device can have mobility characteristics; for example, the network device can be a mobile device. Optionally, the network device can be a satellite or a balloon station. For example, the satellite can be a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite, a medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellite, a geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellite, a high elliptical orbit (HEO) satellite, etc. Optionally, the network device can also be a base station located on land, water, or other similar locations.

[0178] In some possible implementations, network devices can provide services to a cell, and terminal devices within that cell can communicate with the network devices via transmission resources (such as spectrum resources). This cell can be a macrocell, small cell, metro cell, microcell, pico cell, or femto cell, etc.

[0179] In some possible implementations, the network device described in the embodiments of this application may be a chip, chip module, device, unit, etc., and there are no specific limitations on it.

[0180] Network Topology 2:

[0181] Please refer to Figure 1b This is a schematic diagram of another topology provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1b In this context, since network devices and A-IoT devices cannot communicate directly, intermediate nodes can relay communication between them. Figure 1b In this context, the transmission from the intermediate node to the A-IoT device can be called "R2D" transmission, and the transmission from the A-IoT device to the intermediate node can be called "D2R" transmission. Figure 1b In this context, optionally, the reader can refer to an intermediate node.

[0182] Specifically, the network device sends R2D data to the intermediate node. The intermediate node then assembles the R2D data into an R2D signal and sends it directly to the A-IoT device, or processes the R2D data to assemble an R2D signal before sending it to the A-IoT device. The R2D data can be the data portion of the R2D signal. Correspondingly, the A-IoT device receives the R2D signal. Optionally, the A-IoT device sends a corresponding response signal to the intermediate node (this response signal can be a backscattered signal). Optionally, the intermediate node forwards the response signal to the network device, or processes the response signal before sending it to the network device. The network device and the intermediate node can communicate via the Uu interface. The A-IoT device sends a D2R signal to the intermediate node. The intermediate node then forwards the D2R data from the signal to the network device, or processes the D2R data before sending it to the network device. Correspondingly, the network device receives the D2R data, which can be the data portion of the D2R signal. Optionally, the network device sends a corresponding response signal to the intermediate node. Alternatively, the intermediate node forwards the response signal to the A-IoT device, or processes the response signal before sending it to the A-IoT device. The network device and the intermediate node can communicate via a Uu interface.

[0183] In some possible implementations, an intermediate node is a device with wireless transceiver capabilities. For example, an intermediate node could be a terminal device. For example, intermediate nodes can be eNBs, eNodeBs, gNodeBs, gNBs, multi-transmission receiving points (M-TRPs), base stations in subsequent evolution systems, access nodes in WLAN systems, mobile phones, terminals, remote UEs, relay UEs, cellular phones, cordless phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, wireless local loop (WLL) stations, personal digital assistants (PDAs), tablets, computers with wireless transceiver capabilities, virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, wireless devices in industrial control, wireless devices in autonomous driving, wireless devices in remote medical care, wireless devices in smart grids, wireless devices in transportation safety, wireless devices in smart cities, and wireless devices in smart homes. Wireless devices in the home, in-vehicle devices, wearable devices, or terminal devices in future public land mobile networks (PLMNs), etc.

[0184] For a detailed description of the network equipment, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1a The description will not be repeated here.

[0185] Network Topology 3:

[0186] “Network Topology 3” is divided into R2D-assisted network topology and D2R-assisted network topology.

[0187] Please refer to Figure 1c , Figure 1cThe topology described herein can be referred to as an R2D-assisted network topology, and is another topology diagram provided in this application embodiment. In an R2D-assisted network topology, network devices cannot directly send R2D signals to A-IoT devices, while A-IoT devices can directly send D2R signals to network devices and receive R2D signals from the auxiliary node. Optionally, for R2D, the reader can be an auxiliary node; for D2R, the reader can be a network device.

[0188] Specifically, the network device sends R2D data to the auxiliary node; then, the auxiliary node can either assemble the R2D data into an R2D signal and directly forward it to the A-IoT device, or process the R2D data to assemble an R2D signal before sending it to the A-IoT device. The R2D data can be the data portion of the R2D signal. Correspondingly, the A-IoT device receives the R2D signal from the auxiliary node. The A-IoT device can also directly send D2R signals to the network device. The network device and the auxiliary node can communicate via the Uu interface.

[0189] exist Figure 1c In this context, the transmission from auxiliary nodes to A-IoT devices can be called "R2D" transmission, and the transmission from A-IoT devices to network devices can be called "D2R" transmission.

[0190] Please refer to Figure 1d , Figure 1d The topology described herein can be referred to as a D2R-assisted network topology, and is another topology diagram provided in this application embodiment. In a D2R-assisted network topology, A-IoT devices cannot directly send D2R signals to network devices, but A-IoT devices can receive R2D signals from network devices and then send D2R signals to the auxiliary node. Optionally, for R2D, the reader can be a network device; for D2R, the reader can be an auxiliary node.

[0191] Specifically, network devices can send R2D signals to A-IoT devices. Correspondingly, after receiving the R2D signal from the network device, the A-IoT device can optionally send a D2R signal to the auxiliary node. The auxiliary node then forwards the D2R data from the D2R signal to the network device, or processes the D2R data in the D2R signal before sending it to the network device. The D2R data can be the data portion of the D2R signal. The network device and the auxiliary node can communicate via the Uu interface.

[0192] exist Figure 1d In this context, the transmission from network devices to A-IoT devices can be called "R2D" transmission, and the transmission from A-IoT devices to auxiliary nodes can be called "D2R" transmission.

[0193] In some possible implementations, an auxiliary node is a device with wireless transceiver capabilities. For example, an auxiliary node can be an eNB, eNodeB, gNodeB, gNB, M-TRP, a base station in a subsequent evolution system, an access node in a WLAN system, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a computer with wireless transceiver capabilities, a VR terminal, an AR terminal, a wireless terminal in industrial control, a vehicle terminal, a wireless terminal in autonomous driving, a wireless terminal in telemedicine, a wireless terminal in a smart grid, a wireless terminal in transportation safety, a wireless terminal in a smart city, a wireless terminal in a smart home, a wearable terminal, etc.

[0194] Network Topology 4:

[0195] Please refer to Figure 1e This is a schematic diagram of another topological structure provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1e In this context, A-IoT devices communicate directly and bidirectionally with terminal devices. A reader can refer to a terminal device.

[0196] Specifically, the terminal device sends an R2D signal to the A-IoT device, and the A-IoT device receives the R2D signal sent by the terminal device. Optionally, the A-IoT device sends a corresponding response signal to the terminal device. Correspondingly, the A-IoT device sends a D2R signal to the terminal device; the terminal device receives the D2R signal sent by the A-IoT device, and optionally, the terminal device sends a corresponding response signal to the A-IoT device (this response signal can be a backscattered signal).

[0197] In this application embodiment, the terminal device is a device with wireless transceiver capabilities, which may be referred to as a terminal, user equipment (UE), mobile station (MS), mobile terminal (MT), access terminal, vehicle-mounted terminal, industrial control terminal, UE unit, UE station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, wireless communication device, UE agent, or UE device, etc. The terminal device can be fixed or mobile. It should be noted that the terminal device can support at least one wireless communication technology, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) or New Radio (NR). For example, terminal devices can be mobile phones, tablets, desktop computers, laptops, all-in-one computers, in-vehicle terminals, virtual reality (VR) terminals, augmented reality (AR) terminals, wireless terminals in industrial control, wireless terminals in self-driving, wireless terminals in remote medical surgery, wireless terminals in smart grids, wireless terminals in transportation safety, wireless terminals in smart cities, wireless terminals in smart homes, cellular phones, cordless phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, wireless local loop (WLL) stations, personal digital assistants (PDAs), handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, computing devices or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem, wearable devices, terminal devices in future mobile communication networks, or terminal devices in future evolved public land mobile networks (PLMNs), etc. In some embodiments of this application, the terminal device may also be a device with transceiver functions, such as a chip system. The chip system may include a chip, and may also include other discrete components.

[0198] In the above description, "direct" means that the signal transmission does not pass through auxiliary nodes or intermediate nodes. However, in actual transmission, it may need to pass through other devices, such as routers in the communication link.

[0199] In summary, in this embodiment of the application, the A-IoT system may include network nodes and A-IoT devices, and the network node may be... Figures 1a to 1e It is one of the following: network device, intermediate node, or auxiliary node. Among them, the intermediate node or auxiliary node plays a relay role in the transmission process between the network device and the A-IoT device.

[0200] IV. D2R / R2D Transmission

[0201] In this embodiment, the communication between the reader and the A-IoT device is referred to as R2D, which can also be called R2D transmission, R2D communication, R2D signal, or R2D information. Optionally, the R2D signal can also be called the A-IoT R2D signal, and the data portion therein can be called R2D data or A-IoT R2D data. This embodiment does not impose any limitations on this.

[0202] Communication between an A-IoT device and a reader is referred to as D2R, or D2R transmission, D2R communication, D2R signal, or D2R information. Optionally, the D2R signal can be called an A-IoT D2R signal, and the data portion can be called D2R data or A-IoT D2R data; this application does not limit the specific terminology used in the embodiments.

[0203] Optionally, the signal transmission between the reader and the A-IoT device can be D2R signal transmission and / or R2D signal transmission for any of the above network topologies, and this application does not impose any restrictions.

[0204] against Figure 1a In the network topology shown, R2D signal transmission refers to network devices directly sending R2D signals to A-IoT devices, and A-IoT devices directly receiving R2D signals from network devices. D2R signal transmission refers to A-IoT devices directly sending D2R signals to network devices, and network devices directly receiving D2R signals from A-IoT devices.

[0205] against Figure 1b In the network topology shown, R2D signal transmission refers to network devices sending R2D data to intermediate nodes, which then assemble the R2D data into R2D signals and send them to A-IoT devices. The A-IoT devices then receive the R2D signals from the intermediate nodes. D2R signal transmission refers to A-IoT devices sending D2R signals to intermediate nodes, which then forward the D2R data from the D2R signals to network devices. The network devices then receive the D2R data from the intermediate nodes.

[0206] against Figure 1cIn the network topology shown, R2D signal transmission refers to the network device sending R2D data to the auxiliary node, the auxiliary node assembling the R2D data into an R2D signal and sending it to the A-IoT device, and the A-IoT device receiving the R2D signal from the auxiliary node. D2R signal transmission refers to the A-IoT device sending a D2R signal to the network device, and the network device receiving the D2R signal from the A-IoT device.

[0207] against Figure 1d In the network topology shown, R2D signal transmission refers to network devices directly sending R2D signals to A-IoT devices, and A-IoT devices directly receiving R2D signals from network devices. D2R signal transmission refers to A-IoT devices sending D2R signals to auxiliary nodes, which forward the D2R data in the D2R signals to network devices, and network devices receiving D2R data from auxiliary nodes.

[0208] against Figure 1e The network topology shown indicates that R2D signal transmission refers to the terminal device directly sending R2D signals to the A-IoT device, and the A-IoT device directly receiving R2D signals from the terminal device. D2R signal transmission refers to the A-IoT device directly sending D2R signals to the terminal device, and the terminal device directly receiving D2R signals from the A-IoT device.

[0209] In the above description, "direct" means that the signal transmission does not pass through auxiliary nodes or intermediate nodes. However, in actual transmission, it may need to pass through other devices, such as routers in the communication link.

[0210] V. Repetition Method

[0211] The repetition methods in the embodiments of this application may include, but are not limited to, the following: block-level repetition, bit-level repetition, and chip-level repetition. Bit-level repetition can be further divided into bit-level type 1 repetition and bit-level type 2 repetition. The various repetition methods described above are described below.

[0212] Optionally, block-level repetition refers to repeating R block by block for all bits received from higher layers and / or the physical layer after adding Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) processing. block Next, among which, R block It is a positive integer. For example, taking the transmission of D2R bitstream as an example, such as Figure 2aAs shown, after adding CRC to the D2R bitstream, the CRC-added D2R bitstream can be repeated at the code block level. Then, the D2R bitstream after code block repetition is sequentially encoded. The encoding method can be line encoding, such as Manchester encoding, and / or forward error correction (FEC), or other encoding methods; this application embodiment does not limit the specific encoding method. The encoded bitstream is then modulated to obtain the Physical Device to Reader Shared channel (PDRCH). For example, suppose the D2R bitstream is 11001100. If the generator polynomial of CRC-6 is g... CRC6 (D)=[D 6 +D 5 +1], then the generator polynomial can be converted into the binary number 1100001. Taking the sequence 11001100 with 6 zero bits added as the dividend, i.e., 110011000000000 as the dividend and 1100001 as the divisor, performing modulo-2 division yields a remainder of 101011, which is the CRC information. Adding the CRC to the D2R bitstream, the information to be sent is 11001100101011. The information to be sent is included in a code block. If the code block-level repetition of the information to be sent is 2 times, then the information after code block-level repetition is 11001100101010111001100101011. Furthermore, the bits after code block-level repetition can be encoded and modulated sequentially. This is understandable. Figure 2a Taking D2R bitstream processing as an example, R2D bitstreams can also be processed using... Figure 2a The processing flow is shown below.

[0213] Optionally, bit-level repetition is divided into bit-level type 1 repetition and bit-level type 2 repetition.

[0214] Bit-level type 1 repetition refers to repeating R bit-by-bit on all bits received from higher layers and / or the physical layer after adding CRC processing. bit Next, among which, R bit It is a positive integer. For example, taking the transmission of D2R bitstream as an example, such as Figure 2bAs shown, after adding CRC to the D2R bitstream, the bitstream with added CRC can be repeated at bit level type 1. Then, the D2R bitstream with repeated bit level type 1 is sequentially encoded. The encoding method can be line encoding, such as Manchester encoding, and / or forward error correction encoding, or other encoding methods; this application does not limit the specific encoding method. The encoded bitstream is then modulated to obtain PDRCH. For example, suppose the D2R bitstream is 11001100. If the generator polynomial of CRC-6 is g... CRC6 (D)=[D 6 +D 5 [+1], as mentioned earlier, the CRC information is 101011. Adding a CRC after the D2R bitstream results in the information to be sent being 11001100101011. If the bit-level repetition count of the information to be sent is 2, the information after bit-level repetition is 1111000011110000110011001111. Furthermore, the bits after bit-level type 1 repetition can be encoded and modulated sequentially. It is understandable that... Figure 2b Taking D2R bitstream processing as an example, R2D bitstreams can also be processed using... Figure 2b The processing flow is shown below.

[0215] Bit-level type 2 repetition refers to repeating all bits bit by bit after adding CRC and encoding. bit Next, among which, R bit The value is a positive integer. The encoding method can be line encoding, such as Manchester encoding, and / or forward error correction encoding, or other encoding methods; this application does not limit the specific encoding method used in its embodiments. For example, taking the transmission of a D2R bitstream as an example, such as... Figure 2c As shown, after adding CRC and encoding to the D2R bitstream, bit-level type 2 repetition is performed, and then the D2R bitstream with bit-level type 2 repetition is modulated to obtain PDRCH. For example, assume the D2R bitstream is 11001100. If the generator polynomial of CRC-6 is g... CRC6 (D)=[D 6 +D 5[+1] As mentioned earlier, the CRC information is 101011. Adding a CRC to the D2R bitstream, the information to be sent becomes 11001100101011. Encoding 11001100101011 using Manchester encoding (where bit 0 is encoded as 10 and bit 1 as 01) results in the bit sequence 0101101001011010011001100101. Assuming the bit repetition count is 2, the information after repeating the bit sequence 0101101001011010011001100101 can be represented as: 0011001111001100001100111110011000011110000111100001100110011. Furthermore, the bits following the repetition of bit-level type 2 can be modulated. This is understandable. Figure 2c Taking D2R bitstream processing as an example, R2D bitstreams can also be processed using... Figure 2c The processing flow is shown below.

[0216] Optionally, symbol-level repetition refers to repeating each symbol of all symbols R after encoding. chip Next, among which, R chip It is a positive integer. R is repeated in each symbol. chip This is equivalent to extending the length of each symbol by R. chip Times. For example... Figure 2d As shown, after adding CRC to the D2R bitstream, the D2R bitstream + CRC information can be encoded, followed by symbol-level repetition, and then the symbol-level repetition information is modulated to obtain PDRCH. For example, suppose the D2R bitstream is 11001100. If the generator polynomial of CRC-6 is g... CRC6 (D)=[D 6 +D 5 [+1] As mentioned earlier, the CRC information is 101011. Adding a CRC after the D2R bitstream, the information to be sent becomes 11001100101011. Assume that encoding 11001100101011 yields 01011010010110011001100101. Assuming the symbol-level repetition count is 2, repeating 0101101001011010011001100101 at the symbol level is equivalent to doubling the length of each symbol. For example, as... Figure 2e As shown, assuming the original length of the symbol is t, after symbol-level repeated transmission, the length of each symbol will be extended to 2t.

[0217] VI. Inventory and Access Processes

[0218] The commands exchanged between network nodes and A-IoT devices during the inventory process are called inventory commands, while the commands exchanged between network nodes and A-IoT devices during the access process are called instruction commands (i.e., command commands). The following examples illustrate the inventory and access processes:

[0219] Inventory process as follows Figure 3 As shown, including but not limited to the following steps:

[0220] 301, the network node sends a query message to the A-IoT device.

[0221] The query message is the Query command, which can also be a repeat query message (QueryRep command), or a query adjustment message (Query Adjust command), etc.

[0222] Step 301 is an optional step, indicated by a dashed line. That is, the network node can execute step 301 to send an inventory command to the A-IoT device, and the A-IoT device will initiate the inventory process after receiving the inventory command; or, the network node can skip step 301, and the A-IoT device can directly initiate the inventory process.

[0223] 302, The A-IoT device sends the first step message to the network node.

[0224] The first step message includes a random number used to identify the A-IoT device; for example, the random number could be RN16.

[0225] 303, the network node sends the second step message to the A-IoT device.

[0226] Once a network node successfully receives the first-step message from an A-IoT device, it sends a second-step message, which can be understood as an acknowledgment (ACK) command. This second-step message may include the random number contained in the first-step message. Upon receiving the ACK command, the A-IoT device can check whether this random number corresponds to the random number carried in the first-step message, thus determining whether the first-step message was sent successfully.

[0227] 304, the A-IoT device sends a third-step message to the network node.

[0228] When an A-IoT device determines that the first step message was successfully sent based on the second step message received from the network node, the A-IoT device will then send a third step message. Optionally, the third step message includes the A-IoT device's identification identifier, for example, electronic coding information. The third step message may also include other data, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0229] If the network node successfully receives the message from step three, the inventory process ends.

[0230] 305, The network node sends the fourth step message to the A-IoT device.

[0231] Optionally, the network node may also send a fourth step message, which may be sent if the network node has not successfully received the third step message.

[0232] The access process is as follows Figure 4 As shown, including but not limited to the following steps:

[0233] 401, the network node sends an access command to the A-IoT device.

[0234] Optionally, before step 401, the network node and the A-IoT device may perform an authentication process.

[0235] The access command can be used to read data from an A-IoT device and / or write data to an A-IoT device. For example, if a network node needs to obtain data from an A-IoT device, it can send an access command to the A-IoT device to retrieve the data.

[0236] 402, the A-IoT device sends a response command to the network node.

[0237] If the access command is for reading data from an A-IoT device, the response command includes the data the network node needs to obtain. If the access command is for writing data to an A-IoT device, the response command may indicate whether the write operation failed or succeeded.

[0238] It should be noted that the various technical solutions (or embodiments) of this application can be implemented independently or in combination based on certain inherent relationships. This application does not impose any limitations. Furthermore, various terms and definitions between the embodiments can be referenced mutually. In each embodiment of this application, different implementation methods can also be implemented in combination or independently.

[0239] Please refer to Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating an information transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 5 As shown, the information transmission method of this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0240] 501. The A-IoT device obtains the number of D2R repetitions and / or the D2R repetition pattern. Correspondingly, the network node obtains the number of D2R repetitions and / or the D2R repetition pattern.

[0241] In this embodiment of the application, step 501 is an optional step.

[0242] For example, if the network node indicates the number of D2R repetitions and / or the D2R repetition pattern, step 501 can be replaced by: the A-IoT device receiving first information and / or second information. Correspondingly, the network node sends the first information and / or the second information. The first information indicates the number of D2R repetitions, and the second information indicates the D2R repetition pattern. The first and second information can be carried using the same R2D information or different R2D information.

[0243] In some implementations, the first and second information can be the same information, which can be used to indicate both the number of times D2R is repeated and the manner in which D2R is repeated.

[0244] In some implementations, the acquisition method can also be based on predefined policies / rules, with A-IoT devices and network nodes each acquiring the number of D2R repetitions and / or the D2R repetition method.

[0245] D2R can be understood as D2R transmission, or the transmission of D2R signals. Correspondingly, the number of D2R repetitions can be understood as the number of times D2R transmission is repeated, and the D2R repetition method can be understood as the repetition method of D2R transmission.

[0246] The repetition method can be, for example, one of the following: code block level repetition, bit level repetition, symbol level repetition. In some embodiments, bit level repetition can be divided into bit level type 1 repetition and bit level type 2 repetition.

[0247] In one implementation, whether D2R involves repeated transmission can be indicated by the network node. For example, an A-IoT device receives R2D information that indicates D2R should use repeated transmission.

[0248] In another implementation, whether D2R is repeated can be determined by the A-IoT device. For example, if the A-IoT device performs K D2R transmissions, and K is greater than or equal to 1, without receiving feedback information from the network node, then it determines that D2R is repeated. Optionally, the feedback information can be ACK information for that D2R transmission. Understandably, if the A-IoT device determines that D2R is repeated, it needs to indicate to the network node that D2R is repeated. The specific indication method is not limited; for example, it can indicate repeated D2R in the D2R information itself.

[0249] The number of D2R repetitions acquired by the A-IoT device is the same as the number of D2R repetitions acquired by the network node, and the repetition method of the D2R acquired by the A-IoT device is the same as the repetition method of the D2R acquired by the network node. For details regarding the specific number of repetitions and / or repetition method, please refer to the description in the following embodiments.

[0250] 502. A-IoT devices and network nodes transmit D2R information based on the number of D2R repetitions and / or the D2R repetition method.

[0251] The transmission of D2R information between A-IoT devices and network nodes based on the number of D2R repetitions and / or the D2R repetition method can be understood as follows: A-IoT devices send D2R information based on the number of D2R repetitions and / or the D2R repetition method, and network nodes receive D2R information based on the number of D2R repetitions and / or the D2R repetition method.

[0252] In some implementations, A-IoT devices send D2R information based on the number of D2R repetitions. For ease of description, this number of D2R repetitions is called the first repetition. If no feedback information is received within a preset time, the A-IoT device can perform D2R transmission based on a new number of D2R repetitions. For ease of description, this new number of D2R repetitions is called the second repetition. The second repetition is greater than the first repetition.

[0253] In this context, A-IoT devices can transmit D2R information on N frequency domain resources based on the number of D2R repetitions and / or the D2R repetition method. N can be less than or equal to the number of D2R repetitions, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1. Transmitting D2R information on N frequency domain resources can also be understood as transmitting D2R information on N frequency points or N frequency bands.

[0254] The following is combined with Figure 6a and Figure 6b To illustrate, D2R information is transmitted on N frequency domain resources, with a repetition count of 4 as an example.

[0255] like Figure 6a As shown, N equals the number of D2R repetitions, which is 4. Specifically, the A-IoT device sends D2R information on 4 time-frequency resources respectively. Among these 4 time-frequency resources, time-frequency resources 1 to 4 have the same time-domain resources but different frequency-domain resources.

[0256] like Figure 6b As shown, N is less than the number of repetitions of D2R, in Figure 6bIn the case of N=2, specifically, the A-IoT device sends D2R information on four time-frequency resources. Among these four time-frequency resources, time-frequency resource 1 and time-frequency resource 2 have the same time-domain resources but different frequency-domain resources; time-frequency resource 1 and time-frequency resource 3 have different time-domain resources but the same frequency-domain resources.

[0257] The following is an example of the CRC used when repeatedly transmitting D2R information:

[0258] Optionally, for D2R information (D2R information includes control information and / or data information) to support repeated transmission, its CRC transmission method can support the following two examples, or can support other CRC transmission methods, which are not limited in the embodiments of this application.

[0259] Example 1: When an A-IoT device repeatedly transmits D2R information, each repeated transmission of D2R information includes the repeated transmission of CRC.

[0260] Optionally, A-IoT devices employ a block-level repetition method when repeatedly transmitting D2R information. For example, if the repetition count is 2, the first and second transmitted D2R information uses the same CRC, where the CRC can be calculated based on any of the retransmitted D2R information. For instance, if the D2R information is 11001100, using CRC-6 to calculate the CRC, and performing modulo-2 division, the CRC information is 101011. If the block-level repetition count is 2, with the D2R information being 11001100 and the CRC information being 101011, if the CRC information is appended after the D2R information, after block-level repetition, the first transmission will be 11001100101011, and the second transmission will be 11001100101011.

[0261] Optionally, A-IoT devices employ a bit-level repetition method when repeatedly transmitting D2R information. For example, if the D2R information is 11001100, and CRC-6 is used to calculate the CRC information, then modulo-2 division yields the CRC information as 101011. If the information to be transmitted uses bit-level type 1 repetition and is repeated twice, with the D2R information being 11001100 and the CRC information being 101011, if the CRC information is appended after the D2R information, the information after bit-level type 1 repetition becomes 1111000011110000110011001111. If the information to be sent uses bit-level type 2 repetition, repeats twice, and is encoded using Manchester encoding, and the D2R information is 11001100 and the CRC information is 101011, if the CRC information is appended after the D2R information, the information after linear encoding and bit-level type 2 repetition will be 001100111100110000110011110011000011110000111100001100110011.

[0262] Optionally, A-IoT devices can employ a symbol-level repetition method when repeatedly transmitting D2R information. For example, with a repetition count of 2, after encoding, each symbol of all symbols is repeated twice, which is equivalent to doubling the length of each symbol. Correspondingly, the symbol length of the CRC is also delayed by 2 times.

[0263] Example 2: When an A-IoT device repeatedly transmits D2R information, each repeated transmission of D2R information does not include the repeated transmission of CRC.

[0264] Optionally, A-IoT devices employ a block-level repetition method when repeatedly transmitting D2R information. When A-IoT devices repeatedly transmit D2R information, they do not repeat the CRC calculation; that is, the CRC is used in the first transmission, but not in subsequent transmissions. This CRC can be calculated based on the D2R information. For example, if the D2R information is 11001100, and CRC-6 is used to calculate the CRC, then modulo-2 division yields 101011. If the block-level repetition is twice, with the D2R information being 11001100 and the CRC information being 101011, if the CRC information is appended after the D2R information, after block-level repetition, the first transmission will be 11001100101011, and the second transmission will be 11001100.

[0265] Optionally, A-IoT devices employ a bit-level repetition method when repeatedly transmitting D2R information. For example, if the D2R information is 11001100, and CRC-6 is used to calculate the CRC information, then modulo-2 division yields CRC information of 101011. If the information to be transmitted uses bit-level type 1 repetition and is repeated twice, with D2R information of 11001100 and CRC information of 101011, if CRC information is appended after the D2R information, the information after bit-level type 1 repetition becomes 1111000011110000101011. If the information to be sent uses bit-level type 2 repetition, repeats twice, and is encoded using Manchester encoding, and the D2R information is 11001100 and the CRC information is 101011, if the CRC information is appended after the D2R information, the information after linear encoding and bit-level type 2 repetition will be 00110011110011000011001111001100011001100101.

[0266] Optionally, A-IoT devices can employ a symbol-level repetition method when repeatedly transmitting D2R information. For example, with a repetition count of 2, after encoding, each symbol except for the CRC information is repeated twice, which is equivalent to doubling the length of each symbol.

[0267] The following example illustrates how to obtain the number of repetitions in D2R:

[0268] In Method 1, the number of repetitions for D2R can be predefined.

[0269] Network nodes and A-IoT devices can obtain the predefined number of D2R repetitions. For example, the commands that need to be repeated and the number of repetitions can be predefined. For example, the first step message in the inventory process needs to be repeated, and the number of times the first step message is repeated can be predefined.

[0270] In Method 2, the number of repetitions for D2R is determined based on the repetition level.

[0271] There can be a corresponding relationship between the repetition level and the number of repetitions.

[0272] In this embodiment, the repetition level is used to measure the signal strength between the A-IoT device and the network node. Optionally, a higher repetition level and fewer repetitions indicate a higher signal strength for D2R transmission by the A-IoT device and a higher probability of successful transmission; conversely, a lower repetition level and more repetitions indicate a lower signal strength for D2R transmission by the A-IoT device and a lower probability of successful transmission; conversely, a lower repetition level and fewer repetitions indicate a lower repetition level.

[0273] In one possible implementation, the repetition level is used to represent the distance between the A-IoT device's location and the network node. A higher repetition level indicates a closer distance between the A-IoT device and the network node, and correspondingly, fewer repetitions; conversely, a lower repetition level indicates more repetitions. In another possible implementation, the repetition level is used to represent the distance between the A-IoT device's location and the network node. A higher repetition level indicates a farther distance between the A-IoT device and the network node, and correspondingly, more repetitions; conversely, a lower repetition level indicates fewer repetitions.

[0274] In one implementation, the repetition levels are divided into M repetition levels. The number of repetitions corresponding to each of the Q repetition levels can be pre-defined. Optionally, these Q repetition levels can be from a predefined set of M repetition levels, where M is greater than or equal to Q. A higher repetition level corresponds to fewer repetitions, or vice versa. One repetition level can correspond to one or more repetitions. That is, D2R repetition transmission is performed for Q of the M repetition levels. Optionally, a higher repetition level represents a greater distance from the reader, corresponding to more repetitions. Alternatively, a higher repetition level represents a closer distance from the reader, corresponding to fewer repetitions.

[0275] The repetition level in this application embodiment is used to determine the number of times D2R information is repeated. In the following embodiment, taking the example that a higher repetition level represents a closer proximity to the network node, the corresponding number of repetitions is also lower. For example, as shown in Table 1, M=3, the three corresponding repetition levels are repetition level 1, repetition level 2, and repetition level 3, respectively. The higher the repetition level, the fewer the corresponding number of repetitions. It is predefined that two of the three repetition levels need to be repeated, i.e., Q=2, the two corresponding repetition levels are repetition level 1 and repetition level 2, where the multiple repetitions corresponding to repetition level 1 are {2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128}, and the multiple repetitions corresponding to repetition level 2 are {1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64}, with the number of repetitions in each repetition level increasing sequentially. Repetition level 3, other than these two repetition levels, does not correspond to repetition.

[0276] Optionally, the higher the repetition level, the fewer the minimum repetitions among one or more repetitions. For example, as shown in Table 1, the multiple repetitions corresponding to repetition level 1 are {2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128}, where the minimum repetition is 2. The multiple repetitions corresponding to repetition level 2 are {1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64}, where the minimum repetition is 1. That is to say, the minimum repetition 2 corresponding to repetition level 1 is greater than the minimum repetition 1 corresponding to repetition level 2.

[0277] Optionally, taking a higher repetition level as representing a greater distance from the network node as an example, the number of repetitions also increases accordingly. Specifically, a higher repetition level corresponds to a higher minimum number of repetitions among one or more repetitions.

[0278] Table 1

[0279] Repeating levels Number of repetitions Repeat level 1 {2，4，8，16，32，64，128} Repeat level 2 {1，2，4，8，16，32，64} Repetition level 3 No repetition

[0280] Another implementation divides the repetition levels into M repetition levels. The maximum number of repetitions for each of the Q repetition levels can be pre-defined. Optionally, these Q repetition levels can be from a predefined set of M repetition levels, where M is greater than or equal to Q. The higher the repetition level, the fewer the maximum number of repetitions; conversely, the higher the repetition level, the more the maximum number of repetitions. Each repetition level can correspond to one maximum number of repetitions. That is, D2R repetition transmission is performed for Q of the M repetition levels. Optionally, a higher repetition level represents a greater distance from the reader, corresponding to a higher maximum number of repetitions. Alternatively, a higher repetition level represents a closer distance from the reader, corresponding to a lower maximum number of repetitions.

[0281] The repetition level in this application embodiment is used to determine the maximum number of repetitions of D2R information. In the following embodiment, taking the example that a higher repetition level represents closer proximity to the network node, the corresponding maximum number of repetitions is also lower. For example, as shown in Table 2, M=3, the three corresponding repetition levels are repetition level 1, repetition level 2, and repetition level 3, respectively. The higher the repetition level, the lower the corresponding maximum number of repetitions. It is predefined that two of the three repetition levels need to be repeated, i.e., Q=2, the two corresponding repetition levels are repetition level 1 and repetition level 2, where the maximum number of repetitions corresponding to repetition level 1 is 128, and the maximum number of repetitions corresponding to repetition level 2 is 64, that is, the maximum number of repetitions corresponding to repetition level 1 (128) is greater than the maximum number of repetitions corresponding to repetition level 2 (64). Repetition level 3, other than these two repetition levels, does not correspond to repetition.

[0282] Optionally, taking a higher repetition level as representing a greater distance from the network node as an example, the number of repetitions also increases accordingly. Specifically, the higher the repetition level, the greater the maximum number of repetitions.

[0283] Table 2

[0284] Repeating levels Maximum number of repetitions Repeat level 1 128 Repeat level 2 64 Repetition level 3 No repetition

[0285] The method for determining the level of repetition is explained below:

[0286] The repetition level can be determined based on at least one of the following: the location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal. For example, at least one of the following—the location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal—can be indicated to the A-IoT device by the network node to enable the A-IoT device to determine the repetition level. For example, the location and device type of the A-IoT device can also be determined by the A-IoT device itself, without requiring indication from the network node.

[0287] The following example illustrates how to determine the level of repetition:

[0288] One implementation determines the repetition level based on the location of the A-IoT device. Specifically, there's a correlation between the distance range between the A-IoT device and the network node and the repetition level. The repetition level can be determined based on the distance range between the A-IoT device and the network node. For example, the greater the distance between the A-IoT device and the network node, the higher the repetition level determined by the A-IoT device's location, and the more repetitions occur. Conversely, the closer the distance between the A-IoT device and the network node, the lower the repetition level determined by the A-IoT device's location, and the fewer the repetitions occur. Similarly, the greater the distance between the A-IoT device and the network node, the lower the repetition level determined by the A-IoT device's location, and the more repetitions occur.

[0289] Another implementation method is to determine the repetition level based on the device type of the A-IoT device. That is, there can be a corresponding relationship between the device type of the A-IoT device and the repetition level. For example, the repetition level of the A-IoT device with device type A-IoT device 2a or A-IoT device 2b is lower than the repetition level of the A-IoT device with device type A-IoT device 1. Correspondingly, the A-IoT device with device type A-IoT device 1 will have more repetitions.

[0290] Another implementation method determines the repetition level based on the measurement results of the D2R signal from the A-IoT device. That is, there is a correspondence between the measurement result range and the repetition level; the repetition level can be determined according to the measurement result range of the D2R signal. For example, the smaller the D2R signal measurement result, the higher the repetition level determined based on the D2R signal measurement result, and correspondingly, the more repetitions. The measurement results can include, but are not limited to, Reference Signal Receiving Power (RSRP) and Reference Signal Receiving Quality (RSRQ).

[0291] The following example illustrates a scenario where the number of repetitions in D2R is determined based on the repetition level:

[0292] In the first implementation, the A-IoT device can determine the repetition level and determine the number of D2R repetitions based on the repetition level. Similarly, the network node can also determine the repetition level and determine the number of D2R repetitions based on the repetition level.

[0293] A-IoT devices and network nodes can each determine the repetition level based on the same information. For example, both A-IoT devices and network nodes can determine the repetition level based on the device type of the A-IoT device, thus the repetition levels determined by the A-IoT device and the network node are the same. A predefined correspondence between repetition levels and repetition counts is established; for example, a one-to-one correspondence can exist between a repetition level and a repetition count, meaning one repetition level corresponds to one repetition count. Both A-IoT devices and network nodes determine the D2R repetition count based on this correspondence and the determined repetition level; therefore, the D2R repetition counts determined by the A-IoT device and the network node are also the same.

[0294] In the second implementation, the network node determines the repetition level and instructs the A-IoT device on the determined repetition level. The A-IoT device then determines the number of D2R repetitions based on the repetition level.

[0295] In some embodiments, a repetition level corresponds to a repetition count. A network node sends R2D information to an A-IoT device, which indicates the repetition level. The A-IoT device then determines the D2R repetition count based on the repetition level. Similarly, the network node can also determine the D2R repetition count based on the same repetition level. Since both the A-IoT device and the network node determine the D2R repetition count based on the same repetition level, the determined D2R repetition counts are the same.

[0296] In some embodiments, a repetition level corresponds to multiple repetition counts or a maximum repetition count. A network node sends R2D information to an A-IoT device, which indicates the repetition level. The A-IoT device determines multiple repetition counts or a maximum repetition count based on the repetition level. The A-IoT device selects one repetition count from the multiple repetition counts as the D2R repetition count, or selects a repetition count less than or equal to the maximum repetition count as the D2R repetition count, and sends D2R information indicating the selected D2R repetition count, so that the network node can determine the D2R repetition count.

[0297] The following example illustrates how an A-IoT device selects a certain number of repetitions as the number of D2R repetitions:

[0298] If a repetition level corresponds to multiple repetition counts, the A-IoT device can first send D2R information based on the first repetition count (i.e., the D2R repetition count). If no feedback is received, D2R transmission is then performed based on the second repetition count (i.e., the new D2R repetition count). The second repetition count is greater than the first repetition count, and both the first and second repetition counts are included in the multiple repetition counts. In other words, D2R transmission is performed sequentially from the smallest to the largest repetition count until feedback is received.

[0299] If a repetition level corresponds to a maximum number of repetitions, the A-IoT device can select a first repetition number less than or equal to that maximum repetition number as the repetition number for D2R. Further optionally, if D2R information is sent based on the first repetition number (i.e., the D2R repetition number), and no feedback is received, then D2R transmission is performed based on a second repetition number (i.e., the new D2R repetition number), where the second repetition number is greater than the first repetition number and is also less than or equal to the maximum repetition number.

[0300] In the third implementation, the network node determines the repetition level and determines one or more repetition counts based on the repetition level. The network node then indicates the determined one or more repetition counts to the A-IoT device. Alternatively, the network node determines the maximum repetition count based on the repetition level and indicates the maximum repetition count to the A-IoT device.

[0301] Specifically, network nodes send R2D information, which indicates one or more determined repetition counts or the maximum repetition count.

[0302] If the network node indicates multiple repetition counts, the A-IoT device selects one repetition count from these as the D2R repetition count. If the network node indicates a maximum repetition count, the A-IoT device selects a repetition count less than or equal to the maximum repetition count as the D2R repetition count.

[0303] A-IoT devices indicate the selected number of D2R repetitions to network nodes so that network nodes can determine the number of D2R repetitions. For example, A-IoT devices can indicate the number of D2R repetitions in the D2R information.

[0304] The following example illustrates how an A-IoT device selects a certain number of repetitions as the number of D2R repetitions:

[0305] If a repetition level corresponds to multiple repetition counts, the A-IoT device can first send D2R information based on the first repetition count (i.e., the D2R repetition count). If no feedback is received, D2R transmission is then performed based on the second repetition count (i.e., the new D2R repetition count). The second repetition count is greater than the first repetition count, and both the first and second repetition counts are included in the multiple repetition counts. In other words, D2R transmission is performed sequentially from the smallest to the largest repetition count until feedback is received.

[0306] If a repetition level corresponds to a maximum number of repetitions, the A-IoT device can select a first repetition number less than or equal to that maximum repetition number as the repetition number for D2R. Further optionally, if D2R information is sent based on the first repetition number (i.e., the D2R repetition number), and no feedback is received, then D2R transmission is performed based on a second repetition number (i.e., the new D2R repetition number), where the second repetition number is greater than the first repetition number and is also less than or equal to the maximum repetition number.

[0307] Besides the first to third implementation methods mentioned above, there may be other methods. The first to third implementation methods mentioned above are just examples. For example, the A-IoT device can determine the repetition level, determine the number of D2R repetitions based on the repetition level, and indicate the determined number of D2R repetitions to the network node.

[0308] Method 3, the number of D2R repetitions is determined based on at least one of the following: the location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal.

[0309] The following example illustrates how to determine the number of D2R repetitions based on the location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal.

[0310] Example 1: Determining the number of D2R repetitions based on the location of the A-IoT device. This means there's a correlation between the location of the A-IoT device and the number of repetitions. The number of repetitions can be determined based on the distance range between the A-IoT device's location and the network node's location. For example, the greater the distance between the A-IoT device and the network node, the more D2R repetitions are determined; conversely, the closer the distance, the fewer the repetitions.

[0311] Example 2: Determining the D2R repetition count based on the device type of the A-IoT device. That is, there can be a correspondence between the device type of the A-IoT device and the repetition count. The repetition count corresponding to the device type of the A-IoT device sending the D2R information can be used as the D2R repetition count. For example, the repetition count of the D2R information sent by A-IoT device 2a or A-IoT device 2b to the network node is less than the repetition count of the D2R information sent by A-IoT device 1 to the network node.

[0312] Example 3: The number of D2R repetitions is determined based on the measurement results of the D2R signal from the A-IoT device. This means there is a correspondence between the measurement result range and the number of repetitions. The number of repetitions can be determined based on the measurement result range of the D2R signal. For example, the smaller the measurement result of the D2R signal, the more repetitions of D2R are determined based on the measurement result. The measurement result can include, but is not limited to, RSRP, RSRQ, etc.

[0313] The location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal can be used individually to determine the number of repetitions, or they can be used together to determine the number of repetitions. For example, a correspondence between the measurement results of the D2R signal, the device type of the A-IoT device, and the number of repetitions can be set.

[0314] The following example illustrates a scenario where the number of D2R repetitions is determined based on at least one of the following: the location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal:

[0315] In the first implementation, the A-IoT device can determine the number of D2R repetitions based on at least one of the following: the location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal. Similarly, the network node can also determine the number of D2R repetitions based on at least one of the following: the location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal.

[0316] It is understandable that A-IoT devices and network nodes determine the number of D2R repetitions based on the same information; therefore, the number of D2R repetitions determined by A-IoT devices and network nodes is the same. For example, both A-IoT devices and network nodes determine the number of D2R repetitions based on the measurement results of the D2R signal.

[0317] In the second implementation, the network node can determine the number of D2R repetitions based on at least one of the following: the location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal, and indicate the determined number of D2R repetitions to the A-IoT device.

[0318] Network devices determine the number of D2R repetitions. Network nodes can send R2D information to A-IoT devices, which indicates the number of D2R repetitions.

[0319] Besides the first and second implementation methods mentioned above, other methods may also exist. The first and second implementation methods mentioned above are only examples. For example, the A-IoT device may determine the number of D2R repetitions based on at least one of the following: the location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal, and indicate the determined number of D2R repetitions to the network node.

[0320] The following example illustrates how to obtain the repetition pattern in D2R:

[0321] Method 1: The repetition pattern of D2R can be predefined.

[0322] Network nodes and A-IoT devices can obtain the predefined D2R repetition method. For example, the commands that need to be repeated and the repetition method can be predefined. For example, it can be predefined that the first step message in the inventory process needs to be repeated, and that the repetition method of the first step message is code block-level repetition.

[0323] Method 2, the repetition method of D2R is determined based on the repetition level.

[0324] A correspondence can exist between repetition levels and repetition patterns. For example, Q repetition levels can be pre-defined, each corresponding to a specific repetition pattern, and these patterns can be used as the repetition patterns for D2R. A repetition level can correspond to one or more repetition patterns; this application does not limit this. For example, the a-th repetition level among the Q repetition levels corresponds to block-level repetition transmission; the b-th repetition level among the Q repetition levels corresponds to bit-level repetition transmission. Optionally, the Q repetition levels can be repetition levels from a predefined set of M repetition levels, where M is greater than or equal to Q. That is, D2R repetition transmission is performed for Q repetition levels out of the M repetition levels.

[0325] The following example illustrates a scenario where the repetition method for D2R is determined based on the repetition level:

[0326] In the first implementation, the A-IoT device can determine the repetition level and, based on that level, determine the D2R repetition method. Similarly, the network node can also determine the repetition level and, based on that level, determine the D2R repetition method. It can be understood that since the A-IoT device and the network node determine the same repetition level, correspondingly, the repetition method they determine based on that level is also the same.

[0327] A-IoT devices and network nodes can determine the repetition level based on the same information. For example, both A-IoT devices and network nodes can determine the repetition level based on the device type of the A-IoT device; therefore, the repetition levels determined by the A-IoT device and the network node are the same. A predefined correspondence between repetition levels and repetition methods is established; a one-to-one correspondence exists between a repetition level and a repetition method, meaning one repetition level corresponds to one repetition method. Both A-IoT devices and network nodes determine the D2R repetition method based on this correspondence and the determined repetition level; therefore, the D2R repetition methods determined by the A-IoT device and the network node are also the same.

[0328] The repetition level can be determined based on at least one of the following: the location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal. The network node can indicate at least one of the repetition level, the location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal to the A-IoT device so that the A-IoT device can determine the repetition level. The location and device type of the A-IoT device can also be determined by the A-IoT device itself. The method for determining the repetition level can be referred to the description of "Repetition Level Determination Method" in the foregoing embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0329] In the second implementation, the network node determines the repetition level and instructs the A-IoT device on the determined repetition level. Both the A-IoT device and the network device determine the D2R repetition method based on the repetition level.

[0330] Network nodes send R2D information to A-IoT devices, which indicates the repetition level. A-IoT devices then determine the D2R repetition pattern based on this repetition level. Since network nodes also determine the D2R repetition pattern based on this repetition level, the D2R repetition patterns determined by the A-IoT devices and network nodes based on the repetition level are the same.

[0331] Network devices can determine the repetition level based on at least one of the following: the location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal. Specific determination methods can be found in the description of the "Repetition Level Determination Method" in the foregoing embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0332] In the third implementation, the network node determines the repetition level and the D2R repetition method based on the repetition level. The network node then instructs the determined D2R repetition method to the A-IoT device.

[0333] Network devices can determine the repetition level based on at least one of the following: the location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal. Based on the determined repetition level, network nodes determine the D2R repetition mode and can send R2D information to the A-IoT device, which indicates the D2R repetition mode.

[0334] Besides the first to third implementation methods mentioned above, there may be other methods. The first to third implementation methods mentioned above are just examples. For example, the A-IoT device can determine the repetition level, determine the D2R repetition method based on the repetition level, and indicate the determined D2R repetition method to the network node.

[0335] Method 3, the D2R repetition method is determined based on at least one of the following: the location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal.

[0336] In the first implementation, the A-IoT device can determine the D2R repetition pattern based on at least one of the following: the A-IoT device's location, the A-IoT device's device type, or the measurement results of the D2R signal. Similarly, the network node can also determine the D2R repetition pattern based on at least one of the following: the A-IoT device's location, the A-IoT device's device type, or the measurement results of the D2R signal. It can be understood that the A-IoT device and the network node determine the D2R repetition pattern based on the same information; therefore, the D2R repetition pattern determined by the A-IoT device and the network node is the same. For example, both the A-IoT device and the network node determine the D2R repetition pattern based on the measurement results of the D2R signal. An example of determining the D2R repetition pattern is given below.

[0337] Example 1: The D2R repetition method is determined based on the location of the A-IoT device. That is, there is a correspondence between the distance range and the repetition method. The corresponding repetition method can be determined according to the distance range between the location of the A-IoT device and the location of the network node, which is used as the D2R repetition method.

[0338] Example 2: Determine the D2R repetition method based on the device type of the A-IoT device. That is, there is a correspondence between the device type of the A-IoT device and the repetition method. The repetition method corresponding to the device type of the A-IoT device that sends the D2R information can be used as the D2R repetition method.

[0339] Example 3: The D2R repetition mode is determined based on the measurement results of the D2R signal from the A-IoT device. That is, there is a corresponding relationship between the measurement result range and the repetition mode. The corresponding repetition mode can be determined based on the measurement result range of the D2R signal, and used as the D2R repetition mode.

[0340] The location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal can be used individually to determine the repetition mode, or they can be used together to determine the repetition mode. For example, the correspondence between the measurement results of the D2R signal, the device type of the A-IoT device, and the repetition mode can be set.

[0341] In the second implementation, the network node can determine the D2R repetition pattern based on at least one of the following: the location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal, and indicate the determined D2R repetition pattern to the A-IoT device.

[0342] Network nodes can send R2D information to A-IoT devices, which indicates the repeating method of D2R.

[0343] Besides the first and second implementation methods mentioned above, other methods may also exist. The first and second implementation methods mentioned above are only examples. For example, the A-IoT device may determine the D2R repetition mode based on at least one of the following: the location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal, and indicate the determined D2R repetition mode to the network node.

[0344] In this embodiment of the application, the D2R information may indicate one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times D2R is repeated, the repetition method of D2R, and the current number of times the D2R information is repeated. The current number of repetitions can be understood as the nth time the D2R information has been transmitted.

[0345] The following example illustrates how D2R information is indicated:

[0346] In Method 1, the D2R information includes control information that indicates one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times D2R is repeated, the repetition method of D2R, and the current number of times the D2R information is repeated.

[0347] Further optionally, the control information may also indicate whether the D2R information is the last transmission.

[0348] For example, when indicating whether D2R uses repeated transmission, it can be indicated by one bit in the control information. For instance, if the value of this one bit is 1, it indicates that D2R uses repeated transmission; if the value of this one bit is 0, it indicates that D2R does not use repeated transmission. As another example, if the value of this one bit is 0, it indicates that D2R uses repeated transmission; if the value of this one bit is 1, it indicates that D2R does not use repeated transmission. This application does not limit this approach.

[0349] For example, when indicating the number of repetitions of D2R, a repetition count can be indicated by P bits in the control information, where P is a positive integer. For instance, if the maximum repetition count is A, then the required number of bits P is... in The value is rounded up. For example, if the maximum number of repetitions A = 4, then 2 bits can represent any one of the repetition counts. If multiple repetition counts need to be indicated, such as B repetition counts, then P is B*2 bits, where B is greater than or equal to 1.

[0350] For example, when indicating the repetition mode of D2R, two bits in the control information can be used to indicate the repetition mode. The repetition mode can be, for example, one of the following: block-level repetition, bit-level type 1 repetition, bit-level type 2 repetition, or symbol-level repetition. The correspondence between the two bit values ​​and the repetition mode is shown in Table 3.

[0351] Table 3

[0352] 00 Code block level repetition 01 Bit-level type 1 repeat 10 Bit-level type 2 repeat 11 Symbol-level repetition

[0353] For example, when indicating the current number of repetitions of D2R, the current number of repetitions of the D2R information can be indicated by C bits in the control information, where C is greater than or equal to 1.

[0354] For example, one bit in the control information can be used to indicate whether the D2R message is the last transmission. For instance, if the value of that one bit is 1, it indicates that the D2R message is the last transmission.

[0355] In this application's embodiments, the D2R information can be a disk save command, for example, it can be... Figure 3 The first or third step message in the process. D2R messages can be commands, for example, they can be... Figure 4 The response commands in the application are not limited to this.

[0356] Method 2: The D2R information includes a pilot sequence that indicates one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times D2R is repeated, the repetition mode of D2R, and the current number of times the D2R information is repeated.

[0357] Alternatively, the pilot sequence can also indicate whether the D2R information is the last transmission.

[0358] The pilot sequence code pattern can indicate one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times D2R is repeated, the repetition mode of D2R, and the current number of times D2R information is repeated. In other words, the pilot sequence code pattern is associated with one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times D2R is repeated, the repetition mode of D2R, and the current number of times D2R information is repeated.

[0359] The following example uses the correlation between the pilot sequence code pattern and the number of D2R repetitions. The pilot sequence consists of 6 bits. If the code pattern of the 6 bits is all 1s, that is, the pilot sequence is 111111, it indicates that the number of D2R repetitions is 5. If the code pattern of the 6 bits is 111110, it indicates that the number of D2R repetitions is 4. If the code pattern of the 6 bits is 111100, it indicates that the number of D2R repetitions is 3.

[0360] The pilot sequence can be one or more of a preamble, introductory code, or postamble. That is, one pilot sequence from the preamble, introductory code, or postamble can be used to indicate D2R repetition information. D2R repetition information includes one or more of the following: D2R uses repetition, the number of repetitions, the repetition mode, and the current number of repetitions of the D2R information. Alternatively, multiple pilot sequences from the preamble, introductory code, or postamble can be used together to indicate D2R repetition information. For example, D2R repetition information includes D2R uses repetition, the number of repetitions, the repetition mode, and the current number of repetitions. The preamble indicates that D2R uses repetition, the number of repetitions, and the repetition mode, while the postamble indicates the current number of repetitions of the D2R information.

[0361] In this embodiment of the application, R2D information may indicate one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times D2R is repeated, the repetition method of D2R, and the repetition level.

[0362] In one implementation, the R2D information can indicate retransmission-related information for the first D2R transmitted after the R2D, which includes one or more of the following: D2R uses retransmission, the number of retransmissions of D2R, the retransmission mode of D2R, and the retransmission level.

[0363] In another implementation, R2D information can indicate retransmission information related to D2R within a certain period after R2D. Optionally, this period can be configured by the network node or predefined by the protocol.

[0364] For example, the R2D information may indicate that D2R uses repeated transmissions, and the number of D2R repetitions and / or the D2R repetition method can be determined by the A-IoT device. For example, the R2D information may indicate that D2R uses repeated transmissions and a repetition level, and the number of D2R repetitions and / or the D2R repetition method can be determined by the A-IoT device based on the repetition level. For example, the R2D information may also indicate that D2R uses repeated transmissions, the number of D2R repetitions, and the D2R repetition method.

[0365] The following example illustrates how R2D information is indicated:

[0366] In Method 1, the R2D information includes control information that instructs D2R to use repeated transmission, the number of times D2R is repeated, the repetition method of D2R, and the repetition level, or one or more of these.

[0367] For example, when indicating whether D2R uses repeated transmission, it can be indicated by one bit in the control information. For instance, if the value of this one bit is 1, it indicates that D2R uses repeated transmission; if the value of this one bit is 0, it indicates that D2R does not use repeated transmission. As another example, if the value of this one bit is 0, it indicates that D2R uses repeated transmission; if the value of this one bit is 1, it indicates that D2R does not use repeated transmission. This application does not limit this approach.

[0368] For example, when indicating the number of D2R repetitions, the number of D2R repetitions can be indicated by P bits in the control information, where P is a positive integer. For example, if the maximum number of repetitions is A, then the required number of bits P is... For example, if the maximum number of repetitions A = 4, then 2 bits can represent any one of the repetition counts. If it is necessary to indicate multiple repetition counts, such as B repetition counts, then it would require B * 2 bits.

[0369] For example, when indicating the repetition mode of D2R, the repetition mode of D2R can be indicated by two bits in the control information. The repetition mode can be, for example, one of the following: block-level repetition, bit-level type 1 repetition, bit-level type 2 repetition, or symbol-level repetition. The correspondence between the values ​​of the two bits and the repetition mode can be referred to Table 3 of the aforementioned embodiment.

[0370] For example, the repetition level can be indicated by D bits in the control information, where D is greater than or equal to 1.

[0371] Method 2: The R2D information includes a pilot sequence that indicates one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times D2R is repeated, the repetition mode of D2R, and the repetition level.

[0372] The pilot sequence's code pattern can indicate one or more of the following: repeated transmission, number of repetitions, repetition mode, and repetition level. In other words, the pilot sequence's code pattern is associated with one or more of these factors. For example, if the pilot sequence consists of 6 bits, and all 6 bits are 1s (i.e., the pilot sequence is 111111), it indicates 5 repetitions in D2R. If the code pattern is 111110, it indicates 4 repetitions. If the code pattern is 111100, it indicates 3 repetitions.

[0373] The pilot sequence can be one or more of a preamble, introductory code, or postamble. That is, one pilot sequence from the preamble, introductory code, or postamble can indicate D2R repetition information, including one or more of the following: D2R uses repetition, the number of repetitions, the repetition mode, and the repetition level. Alternatively, multiple pilot sequences from the preamble, introductory code, or postamble can be used together to indicate D2R repetition information. For example, D2R repetition information might include D2R using repetition, the number of repetitions, the repetition mode, and the repetition level; the preamble indicates that D2R uses repetition, and the postamble indicates the number of repetitions, the repetition mode, and the repetition level.

[0374] In this application's embodiments, the R2D information can be a disk save command, for example, it can be... Figure 3 The query message and the second-step message in the middle, and the corresponding D2R information can be: Figure 3 The first or third step message in the process. In this embodiment, the R2D information can be a command, for example, it can be... Figure 4 The access command in the middle, and the corresponding D2R information can be Figure 4 The response command in the middle.

[0375] Please refer to Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating another information transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 7 As shown, the information transmission method of this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0376] 701, A-IoT devices acquire the number of R2D repetitions and / or the R2D repetition pattern. Correspondingly, network nodes acquire the number of R2D repetitions and / or the R2D repetition pattern.

[0377] In this embodiment of the application, step 701 is an optional step.

[0378] For example, when the network node indicates the number of R2D repetitions and / or the R2D repetition method, step 701 can be replaced by: the A-IoT device receiving first information and / or second information. Correspondingly, the network node sends the first information and / or the second information. The first information indicates the number of R2D repetitions, and the second information indicates the R2D repetition method. The first and second information can be carried using the same R2D information or different R2D information. The first information in step 701 can be the same as or different from the first information described in step 501. The second information in step 701 can be the same as or different from the second information described in step 501.

[0379] In some implementations, the first and second information can be the same information, which can be used to indicate both the number of times R2D is repeated and the manner in which R2D is repeated.

[0380] In some implementations, the acquisition method can also be based on predefined policies / rules, with A-IoT devices and network nodes each acquiring the number of R2D repetitions and / or the R2D repetition method.

[0381] R2D can be understood as R2D transmission. Correspondingly, the number of times R2D is repeated can be understood as the number of times R2D transmission is repeated, and the repetition method of R2D can be understood as the repetition method of R2D transmission.

[0382] The repetition method can be, for example, one of the following: code block level repetition, bit level repetition, symbol level repetition. In some embodiments, bit level repetition can be divided into bit level type 1 repetition and comparison level type 2 repetition.

[0383] In one implementation, whether R2D is repeated can be determined by the network node. For example, this can be determined based on feedback information from K R2D transmissions, where K is greater than or equal to 1. For instance, if the network node does not receive feedback information from the A-IoT device after K R2D transmissions, it determines that R2D is repeated, and the feedback information could be an ACK message for that R2D transmission. Understandably, if the determination of repeated R2D transmission is made by the network node, the network node needs to indicate to the A-IoT device that repeated R2D transmission is used. The specific indication method is not limited; for example, it can be indicated in the R2D information itself.

[0384] In another implementation, whether R2D is retransmitted can be determined by the network node based on the device type of the A-IoT device. For example, A-IoT devices with device types A-IoT device 2a and / or A-IoT device 2b can support receiving retransmitted R2D information. Therefore, if the device type of the A-IoT device receiving R2D information is A-IoT device 2a or A-IoT device 2b, then R2D retransmission is determined.

[0385] In another implementation, whether R2D is repeatedly transmitted can be determined by capability information sent by the A-IoT device, which indicates whether the A-IoT device supports receiving repeatedly transmitted R2D information. If the capability information sent by the A-IoT device indicates that the A-IoT device supports receiving repeatedly transmitted R2D information, then R2D is determined to be repeatedly transmitted.

[0386] The number of R2D repetitions acquired by the A-IoT device is the same as the number of R2D repetitions acquired by the network node, and the repetition method of the R2D acquired by the A-IoT device is the same as the repetition method of the R2D acquired by the network node. For details regarding the specific number of repetitions and / or repetition method, please refer to the description in the following embodiments.

[0387] 702. A-IoT devices and network nodes transmit R2D information based on the number of R2D repetitions and / or the R2D repetition method.

[0388] The transmission of R2D information between A-IoT devices and network nodes based on the number of R2D repetitions and / or the R2D repetition method can be understood as follows: the network node sends R2D information based on the number of R2D repetitions and / or the R2D repetition method, and the A-IoT device receives R2D information based on the number of R2D repetitions and / or the R2D repetition method.

[0389] Network nodes transmit R2D information based on the number of R2D repetitions. For ease of description, this number of R2D repetitions is referred to as the first repetition. It can be understood that the first repetition of R2D can be the same as or different from the first repetition of D2R. If no feedback information is received within a preset time, the network node can transmit R2D based on a new number of R2D repetitions. For ease of description, this new number of R2D repetitions is referred to as the second repetition. The second repetition is greater than the first repetition. It can be understood that the second repetition of R2D can be the same as or different from the second repetition of D2R.

[0390] R2D information can indicate one or more of the following: R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of times R2D is repeated, the repetition method of R2D, and the current number of times the R2D information is repeated.

[0391] The following is an example of the CRC used when repeatedly transmitting R2D information:

[0392] Optionally, for R2D information (including control information and / or data information) that supports code block-level repetitive transmission, its CRC transmission method can support the following two examples, or can support other CRC transmission methods. This application embodiment does not limit the specific methods.

[0393] Example 1: When an A-IoT device repeatedly transmits R2D information, each repeated transmission of R2D information includes the repeated transmission of CRC.

[0394] Optionally, A-IoT devices employ a block-level repetition method when repeatedly transmitting R2D information. For example, if the repetition count is 2, the first and second transmitted R2D information uses the same CRC, where the CRC can be calculated based on any of the retransmitted R2D information. For instance, if the R2D information is 11001100, and CRC-6 is used to calculate the CRC, then modulo-2 division yields 101011. If the block-level repetition count is 2, with R2D information 11001100 and CRC information 101011, if CRC information is appended after the R2D information, then after block-level repetition, the first transmission will be 11001100101011, and the second transmission will be 11001100101011.

[0395] Optionally, A-IoT devices employ a bit-level repetition method when repeatedly transmitting R2D information. For example, if the R2D information is 11001100, and CRC-6 is used to calculate the CRC information, then modulo-2 division yields CRC 101011. If the information to be transmitted uses bit-level type 1 repetition and is repeated twice, with R2D information 11001100 and CRC information 101011, if CRC information is appended after the R2D information, the information after bit-level type 1 repetition becomes 1111000011110000110011001111. If the information to be sent uses bit-level type 2 repetition, repeats twice, and is encoded using Manchester encoding, and the R2D information is 11001100 and the CRC information is 101011, if the CRC information is appended after the R2D information, the information after linear encoding and bit-level type 2 repetition will be 001100111100110000110011110011000011110000111100001100110011.

[0396] Optionally, A-IoT devices can employ a symbol-level repetition method when repeatedly transmitting R2D information. For example, with a repetition count of 2, after encoding, each symbol of all symbols is repeated twice, which is equivalent to doubling the length of each symbol. Correspondingly, the symbol length of the CRC is also delayed by 2 times.

[0397] Example 2: When an A-IoT device repeatedly transmits R2D information, each repeated transmission of R2D information does not include the repeated transmission of CRC.

[0398] Optionally, A-IoT devices employ a block-level repetition method when repeatedly transmitting R2D information. When A-IoT devices repeatedly transmit R2D information, they do not repeat the CRC calculation; that is, the CRC is used in the first transmission, but not in subsequent transmissions. This CRC can be calculated based on the R2D information. For example, if the R2D information is 11001100, and CRC-6 is used to calculate the CRC, then modulo-2 division yields 101011. If the block-level repetition is twice, with R2D information 11001100 and CRC information 101011, if the CRC information is appended after the R2D information, after block-level repetition, the first transmission will be 11001100101011, and the second transmission will be 11001100.

[0399] Optionally, A-IoT devices employ a bit-level repetition method when repeatedly transmitting R2D information. For example, if the R2D information is 11001100, and CRC-6 is used to calculate the CRC information, then modulo-2 division yields CRC 101011. If the information to be transmitted uses bit-level type 1 repetition and is repeated twice, with R2D information 11001100 and CRC information 101011, if CRC information is appended after the R2D information, the information after bit-level type 1 repetition becomes 1111000011110000101011. If the information to be sent uses bit-level type 2 repetition, repeats twice, and is encoded using Manchester encoding, and the R2D information is 11001100 and the CRC information is 101011, if the CRC information is appended after the R2D information, the information after linear encoding and bit-level type 2 repetition will be 00110011110011000011001111001100011001100101.

[0400] Optionally, A-IoT devices can employ a symbol-level repetition method when repeatedly transmitting R2D information. For example, with a repetition count of 2, after encoding, each symbol except for the CRC information is repeated twice, which is equivalent to doubling the length of each symbol.

[0401] The following example illustrates how to obtain the number of repetitions in R2D:

[0402] Method 1: The number of repetitions in R2D can be predefined.

[0403] Network nodes and A-IoT devices can obtain the predefined number of repetitions of this R2D. For example, commands that need to be repeated and the number of repetitions can be predefined. For example, query messages during inventory processing need to be repeated, and the number of times query messages are repeated can be predefined.

[0404] In Method 2, the number of repetitions in R2D is determined based on the repetition level.

[0405] There can be a corresponding relationship between the repetition level and the number of repetitions.

[0406] In this embodiment, the repetition level is used to measure the signal strength between the A-IoT device and the network node. Optionally, a higher repetition level and fewer repetitions indicate a higher signal strength for R2D transmission by the network node and a greater probability of successful transmission; conversely, a lower repetition level and more repetitions indicate a lower signal strength for R2D transmission by the network node and a lower probability of successful transmission; conversely, a lower repetition level and fewer repetitions indicate a lower repetition level.

[0407] In one possible implementation, the repetition level is used to represent the distance between the A-IoT device's location and the network node. A higher repetition level indicates a closer distance between the A-IoT device and the network node, resulting in fewer repetitions; conversely, a lower repetition level indicates more repetitions. In another possible implementation, the repetition level is used to represent the distance between the A-IoT device's location and the network node. A higher repetition level indicates a farther distance between the A-IoT device and the network node, resulting in more repetitions; conversely, a lower repetition level indicates fewer repetitions. The repetition level in this embodiment is used to determine the number of repetitions of R2D information.

[0408] In one implementation, the R2D repetition levels are divided into M repetition levels. The number of repetitions corresponding to each of the Q repetition levels can be pre-defined. Optionally, these Q repetition levels can be from a predefined set of M repetition levels, where M is greater than or equal to Q. A higher repetition level corresponds to fewer repetitions, or vice versa. One repetition level can correspond to one or more repetitions. That is, R2D repetition transmission is performed for the Q repetition levels out of the M repetition levels. Optionally, a higher repetition level represents a greater distance from the reader, corresponding to more repetitions. Alternatively, a higher repetition level represents a closer distance from the reader, corresponding to fewer repetitions.

[0409] The repetition level in this application embodiment is used to determine the number of repetitions of R2D information. In the following embodiment, taking the example that a higher repetition level represents a closer proximity to the network node, the corresponding number of repetitions is also lower. For example, as shown in Table 1, M=3, the three corresponding repetition levels are repetition level 1, repetition level 2, and repetition level 3, respectively. The higher the repetition level, the fewer the corresponding number of repetitions. It is predefined that two of the three repetition levels need to be repeated, i.e., Q=2, the two corresponding repetition levels are repetition level 1 and repetition level 2, where the multiple repetitions corresponding to repetition level 1 are {2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128}, and the multiple repetitions corresponding to repetition level 2 are {1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64}, with the number of repetitions in each repetition level increasing sequentially. Repetition level 3, other than these two repetition levels, does not correspond to repetition.

[0410] Optionally, the higher the repetition level, the fewer the minimum repetitions among one or more repetitions. For example, as shown in Table 1, the multiple repetitions corresponding to repetition level 1 are {2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128}, where the minimum repetition is 2. The multiple repetitions corresponding to repetition level 2 are {1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64}, where the minimum repetition is 1. That is to say, the minimum repetition 2 corresponding to repetition level 1 is greater than the minimum repetition 1 corresponding to repetition level 2.

[0411] Optionally, taking a higher repetition level as representing a greater distance from the network node as an example, the number of repetitions also increases accordingly. Specifically, a higher repetition level corresponds to a higher minimum number of repetitions among one or more repetitions.

[0412] Another implementation divides the repetition levels into M repetition levels. The maximum number of repetitions for each of the Q repetition levels can be pre-defined. Optionally, these Q repetition levels can be from a predefined set of M repetition levels, where M is greater than or equal to Q. The higher the repetition level, the fewer the maximum number of repetitions; conversely, the higher the repetition level, the more the maximum number of repetitions. Each repetition level can correspond to one maximum number of repetitions. That is, R2D repetition transmission is performed for the Q repetition levels out of the M repetition levels. Optionally, a higher repetition level represents a greater distance from the reader, corresponding to a higher maximum number of repetitions. Alternatively, a higher repetition level represents a closer distance from the reader, corresponding to a lower maximum number of repetitions.

[0413] The repetition level in this application's embodiments is used to determine the maximum number of repetitions of R2D information. In the following embodiments, taking a higher repetition level as representing closer proximity to a network node as an example, the corresponding maximum number of repetitions is also lower. For example, as shown in Table 2, M=3, the three corresponding repetition levels are repetition level 1, repetition level 2, and repetition level 3, respectively. The higher the repetition level, the lower the corresponding maximum number of repetitions. It is predefined that two of the three repetition levels need to be repeated, i.e., Q=2, the two repetition levels are repetition level 1 and repetition level 2, the maximum number of repetitions corresponding to repetition level 1 is 128, and the maximum number of repetitions corresponding to repetition level 2 is 64, that is, the maximum number of repetitions corresponding to repetition level 1 (128) is greater than the maximum number of repetitions corresponding to repetition level 2 (64). Repetition level 3, other than these two repetition levels, does not correspond to repetition.

[0414] Optionally, taking a higher repetition level as representing a greater distance from the network node as an example, the number of repetitions also increases accordingly. Specifically, the higher the repetition level, the greater the maximum number of repetitions.

[0415] The method for determining the level of repetition is explained below:

[0416] The repetition level can be determined based on at least one of the following: the location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal. For example, at least one of the following—the location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal—can be indicated to the A-IoT device by the network node to enable the A-IoT device to determine the repetition level. For example, the location and device type of the A-IoT device can also be determined by the A-IoT device itself, without requiring indication from the network node.

[0417] The following example illustrates how to determine the level of repetition:

[0418] One implementation determines the repetition level based on the location of the A-IoT device. Specifically, there's a correlation between the distance range between the A-IoT device and the network node and the repetition level. The repetition level can be determined based on the distance range between the A-IoT device and the network node. For example, the greater the distance between the A-IoT device and the network node, the higher the repetition level determined by the A-IoT device's location, and the more repetitions occur. Conversely, the closer the distance between the A-IoT device and the network node, the lower the repetition level determined by the A-IoT device's location, and the fewer the repetitions occur. Similarly, the greater the distance between the A-IoT device and the network node, the lower the repetition level determined by the A-IoT device's location, and the more repetitions occur.

[0419] Another implementation method is to determine the repetition level based on the device type of the A-IoT device. That is, there can be a corresponding relationship between the device type of the A-IoT device and the repetition level. For example, the repetition level of the A-IoT device with device type A-IoT device 2a or A-IoT device 2b is lower than the repetition level of the A-IoT device with device type A-IoT device 1. Correspondingly, the A-IoT device with device type A-IoT device 1 will have more repetitions.

[0420] Another implementation method determines the repetition level based on the measurement results of the D2R signal from the A-IoT device. That is, there is a correspondence between the measurement result range and the repetition level; the repetition level can be determined according to the measurement result range of the D2R signal. For example, the smaller the D2R signal measurement result, the higher the repetition level determined based on the D2R signal measurement result, and correspondingly, the more repetitions. The measurement results can include, but are not limited to, Reference Signal Receiving Power (RSRP) and Reference Signal Receiving Quality (RSRQ).

[0421] The following example illustrates a scenario where the number of repetitions in R2D is determined based on the repetition level:

[0422] In the first implementation, the A-IoT device can determine the repetition level and determine the number of R2D repetitions based on the repetition level. Similarly, the network node can also determine the repetition level and determine the number of R2D repetitions based on the repetition level.

[0423] A-IoT devices and network nodes can each determine the repetition level based on the same information. For example, both A-IoT devices and network nodes can determine the repetition level based on the device type of the A-IoT device; therefore, the repetition levels determined by the A-IoT device and the network node are the same. A predefined correspondence between repetition levels and repetition counts is established, allowing for a one-to-one correspondence between each repetition level and count. Both A-IoT devices and network nodes determine the D2R repetition count based on this correspondence and the determined repetition level; therefore, the D2R repetition counts determined by the A-IoT device and the network node are also the same.

[0424] In the second implementation, the network node determines the repetition level and instructs the determined repetition level to the A-IoT device. The A-IoT device and the network node then determine the number of repetitions for R2D based on this repetition level.

[0425] One repetition level corresponds to one repetition count. Network nodes send R2D information to A-IoT devices, which indicates the repetition level. The A-IoT devices determine the repetition count of the R2D based on the repetition level. Similarly, network nodes can also determine the repetition count of the R2D based on the same repetition level. Since both the A-IoT devices and network nodes determine the repetition count of the R2D based on the same repetition level, the determined repetition counts of the R2D are the same.

[0426] In the third implementation, the network node determines the repetition level and the number of times R2D is repeated based on the repetition level. The network node then instructs the A-IoT device on the number of times R2D is repeated.

[0427] Specifically, network nodes send R2D information to A-IoT devices, which indicates the number of times the R2D is repeated.

[0428] If a repetition level corresponds to a repetition count, then the repetition count corresponding to the determined repetition level is taken as the repetition count of R2D.

[0429] If a repetition level corresponds to multiple repetition counts, the network node determines the multiple repetition counts corresponding to the repetition level. The network node can first send R2D information based on the first repetition count (i.e., the repetition count of R2D). If no feedback is received, R2D transmission is performed based on the second repetition count (i.e., the new repetition count of R2D), where the second repetition count is greater than the first repetition count. Both the first and second repetition counts are included within the multiple repetition counts. In other words, repetition counts are selected sequentially from smallest to largest for R2D transmission until feedback is received.

[0430] If a repetition level corresponds to a maximum number of repetitions, a network node can choose a first repetition number less than or equal to that maximum number of repetitions as the repetition number for R2D. Further optionally, if R2D information is sent based on the first repetition number (i.e., the R2D repetition number), and no feedback information for R2D information is received, then R2D transmission is performed based on a second repetition number (i.e., the new R2D repetition number), where the second repetition number is greater than the first repetition number, and this second repetition number is also less than or equal to the maximum number of repetitions.

[0431] Besides the first to third implementation methods mentioned above, there may be other methods. The first to third implementation methods mentioned above are only examples.

[0432] Method 3, the number of R2D repetitions is determined based on at least one of the following: the location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal.

[0433] The following example illustrates how to determine the number of R2D repetitions based on the location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal.

[0434] Example 1: Determining the number of R2D repetitions based on the location of the A-IoT device. This means there's a direct correlation between the A-IoT device's location and the number of repetitions. The number of repetitions can be determined based on the distance range between the A-IoT device's location and the network node's location. For example, the greater the distance between the A-IoT device's location and the network node's location, the more repetitions are determined; conversely, the closer the A-IoT device's location and the network node's location, the fewer the repetitions are.

[0435] Example 2: Determining the R2D repetition count based on the device type of the A-IoT device. That is, there can be a correspondence between the device type of the A-IoT device and the repetition count. The repetition count corresponding to the device type of the A-IoT device receiving the R2D information can be used as the R2D repetition count. For example, the repetition count of the R2D information sent by the network node to A-IoT device 2a or A-IoT device 2b is less than the repetition count of the R2D information sent to A-IoT device 1.

[0436] Example 3: The number of R2D repetitions is determined based on the measurement results of the D2R signal from the A-IoT device. This means there is a correspondence between the measurement result range and the number of repetitions. The number of repetitions can be determined based on the measurement result range of the D2R signal, and thus, the number of R2D repetitions. For example, the smaller the measurement result of the D2R signal, the more repetitions of R2D can be determined based on the measurement result of the D2R signal. The measurement result can include, but is not limited to, RSRP, RSRQ, etc.

[0437] The location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal can be used individually to determine the number of repetitions, or they can be used together to determine the number of repetitions. For example, a correspondence between the measurement results of the D2R signal, the device type of the A-IoT device, and the number of repetitions can be set.

[0438] The following example illustrates a scenario where the number of R2D repetitions is determined based on at least one of the following: the location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal:

[0439] In the first implementation, the A-IoT device can determine the number of R2D repetitions based on at least one of the following: the location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal. Similarly, the network node can also determine the number of R2D repetitions based on at least one of the following: the location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal.

[0440] It is understandable that A-IoT devices and network nodes determine the number of R2D repetitions based on the same information; therefore, the number of R2D repetitions determined by A-IoT devices and network nodes is the same. For example, both A-IoT devices and network nodes determine the number of R2D repetitions based on the measurement results of the D2R signal. The following example illustrates how to determine the number of R2D repetitions.

[0441] In the second implementation, the network node can determine the number of R2D repetitions based on at least one of the following: the location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal, and indicate the determined number of R2D repetitions to the A-IoT device.

[0442] Network nodes can send R2D information to A-IoT devices based on a determined number of R2D repetitions, which indicates the number of R2D repetitions. It is understood that network devices can also indicate the number of R2D repetitions using non-repeating R2D information.

[0443] Besides the first and second implementation methods mentioned above, there may be other methods. The first and second implementation methods mentioned above are just examples.

[0444] The following example illustrates how to obtain the repetition mode in R2D:

[0445] Method 1: The repetition pattern of R2D can be predefined.

[0446] Network nodes and A-IoT devices can obtain the predefined R2D repetition pattern. For example, commands that need to be repeated and the repetition pattern can be predefined. For example, query messages during inventory processing can be predefined to be repeated, and the repetition pattern of query messages can be block-level repetition.

[0447] Method 2, the repetition method of R2D is determined based on the repetition level.

[0448] A correspondence can exist between repetition levels and repetition patterns. For example, Q repetition levels can be pre-defined, each corresponding to a specific repetition pattern, and these patterns can be used as the repetition patterns for R2D. A repetition level can correspond to one or more repetition patterns; this application does not limit this. For example, the a-th repetition level among the Q repetition levels corresponds to block-level repetition transmission; the b-th repetition level among the Q repetition levels corresponds to bit-level repetition transmission. Optionally, the Q repetition levels can be repetition levels from a predefined set of M repetition levels, where M is greater than or equal to Q. That is, R2D repetition transmission is performed for the Q repetition levels among the M repetition levels.

[0449] The following example illustrates a scenario where the repetition pattern in R2D is determined based on the repetition level:

[0450] In the first implementation, the A-IoT device can determine the repetition level and, based on that level, determine the R2D repetition method. Similarly, the network node can also determine the repetition level and, based on that level, determine the R2D repetition method. It can be understood that since the A-IoT device and the network node determine the same repetition level, correspondingly, the repetition method they determine based on that level is also the same.

[0451] A-IoT devices and network nodes can determine the repetition level based on the same information. For example, both A-IoT devices and network nodes can determine the repetition level based on the device type of the A-IoT device; therefore, the repetition levels determined by the A-IoT device and the network node are the same. A predefined correspondence between repetition levels and repetition methods is established; a one-to-one correspondence exists between a repetition level and a repetition method, meaning one repetition level corresponds to one repetition method. Both A-IoT devices and network nodes determine the R2D repetition method based on this correspondence and the determined repetition level; therefore, the R2D repetition methods determined by the A-IoT device and the network node are also the same.

[0452] The repetition level can be determined based on at least one of the following: the location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal. The network node can indicate at least one of the repetition level, the location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal to the A-IoT device so that the A-IoT device can determine the repetition level. The location and device type of the A-IoT device can also be determined by the A-IoT device itself. The method for determining the repetition level can be referred to the description of "Repetition Level Determination Method" in the foregoing embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0453] In the second implementation, the network node determines the repetition level and instructs the determined repetition level to the A-IoT device. Both the A-IoT device and the network device determine the R2D repetition method based on the repetition level.

[0454] Network nodes send R2D information to A-IoT devices based on the repeatability of R2D. This R2D information indicates the repeatability level. It's understandable that network nodes can also indicate the repeatability level using non-repeating R2D information. A-IoT devices determine the repeatability of R2D based on the repeatability level. Since network nodes also determine the repeatability of R2D based on this repeatability level, the repeatability methods determined by A-IoT devices and network nodes based on the repeatability level are the same.

[0455] Network devices can determine the repetition level based on at least one of the following: the location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal.

[0456] In the third implementation, the network node determines the repetition level and the repetition method of R2D based on the repetition level. The network node then instructs the determined repetition method of R2D to the A-IoT device.

[0457] Network devices can determine the repetition level based on at least one of the following: the location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal. Based on the determined repetition level, the network node determines the R2D repetition pattern and sends R2D information to the A-IoT device according to this R2D repetition pattern. This R2D information indicates the R2D repetition pattern. It is understood that network nodes can also indicate the R2D repetition pattern through non-repetitive R2D information. For example, non-repetitive R2D information could be a query message or a second-step message during inventory processing.

[0458] Besides the first to third implementation methods mentioned above, there may be other methods. The first to third implementation methods mentioned above are only examples.

[0459] Method 3, the repetition method of R2D is determined based on at least one of the following: the location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal.

[0460] In the first implementation, the A-IoT device can determine the R2D repetition pattern based on at least one of the following: the A-IoT device's location, the A-IoT device's device type, or the measurement results of the D2R signal. Similarly, the network node can also determine the R2D repetition pattern based on at least one of the following: the A-IoT device's location, the A-IoT device's device type, or the measurement results of the D2R signal. It can be understood that the A-IoT device and the network node determine the R2D repetition pattern based on the same information; therefore, the R2D repetition patterns determined by the A-IoT device and the network node are the same. For example, both the A-IoT device and the network node determine the R2D repetition pattern based on the measurement results of the D2R signal. An example of determining the R2D repetition pattern is given below.

[0461] Example 1: The repeating pattern of R2D is determined based on the location of the A-IoT device. That is, there is a correspondence between the distance range and the repeating pattern. The repeating pattern can be determined according to the distance range between the location of the A-IoT device and the location of the network node, and used as the repeating pattern of R2D.

[0462] Example 2: Determine the repetition method of R2D based on the device type of the A-IoT device. That is, there is a correspondence between the device type of the A-IoT device and the repetition method. The repetition method corresponding to the device type of the A-IoT device that receives the R2D information can be used as the repetition method of R2D.

[0463] Example 3: The repetition mode of R2D is determined based on the measurement results of the D2R signal. That is, there is a corresponding relationship between the measurement result range and the repetition mode. The corresponding repetition mode can be determined as the repetition mode of R2D based on the measurement result range of the D2R signal.

[0464] The location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal can be used individually to determine the repetition mode of R2D, or they can be used together to determine the repetition mode. For example, the correspondence between the measurement results of the D2R signal, the device type of the A-IoT device, and the repetition mode can be set.

[0465] In the second implementation, the network node can determine the repeating pattern of R2D based on at least one of the following: the location of the A-IoT device, the device type of the A-IoT device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal, and indicate the determined repeating pattern of R2D to the A-IoT device.

[0466] Network nodes can send R2D information to A-IoT devices based on the repeating pattern of R2D, which indicates the repeating pattern of R2D. It is understood that network nodes can also indicate the repeating pattern of R2D through non-repeating R2D information.

[0467] Besides the first and second implementation methods mentioned above, other methods may exist. The first and second implementation methods mentioned above are only examples.

[0468] In this embodiment, the repeatedly transmitted R2D information or the non-repeated R2D information may indicate one or more of the following: repeated transmission, number of repetitions in R2D, repetition method in R2D, and repetition level. For ease of description, repeatedly transmitted R2D information and non-repeated R2D information are collectively referred to as R2D information.

[0469] For example, the R2D information may indicate that R2D uses repeated transmissions, and the number of repetitions and / or the repetition method of R2D can be determined by the A-IoT device. For example, the R2D information may indicate that R2D uses repeated transmissions and a repetition level, and the number of repetitions and / or the repetition method of R2D can be determined by the A-IoT device. For example, the R2D information may also indicate that R2D uses repeated transmissions, the number of repetitions of R2D, and the repetition method of R2D.

[0470] The following example illustrates how R2D information is indicated:

[0471] In Method 1, the R2D information includes control information that instructs the R2D to use one or more of the following: repeated transmission, the number of times the R2D is repeated, the repetition method of the R2D, and the repetition level.

[0472] Further optionally, the control information may also indicate the current number of repetitions of the R2D information and / or whether the R2D information is the last transmission.

[0473] For example, when indicating whether R2D uses repeated transmission, it can be indicated by one bit in the control information. For instance, if the value of this one bit is 1, it indicates that R2D uses repeated transmission; if the value of this one bit is 0, it indicates that R2D does not use repeated transmission. As another example, if the value of this one bit is 0, it indicates that R2D uses repeated transmission; if the value of this one bit is 1, it indicates that R2D does not use repeated transmission. This application does not limit the scope of the embodiments.

[0474] For example, when indicating the number of repetitions in R2D, the number of repetitions can be indicated by Z bits in the control information, where Z is a positive integer. For instance, if the maximum number of repetitions is G, then the required number of bits Z is... in The value is rounded up. For example, if the maximum number of repetitions G = 4, then 2 bits can represent any one of the repetition counts. If multiple repetition counts need to be indicated, such as X repetition counts, then Z is X*2 bits, where X is greater than or equal to 1.

[0475] For example, when indicating the repetition mode of R2D, the repetition mode can be indicated by two bits in the control information. The repetition mode can be, for example, one of the following: block-level repetition, bit-level type 1 repetition, bit-level type 2 repetition, or symbol-level repetition. The correspondence between the values ​​of the two bits and the repetition mode can be referred to Table 3 of the aforementioned embodiment.

[0476] For example, the repetition level of R2D can be indicated by E bits in the control information, where E is greater than or equal to 1.

[0477] For example, when indicating the current number of repetitions of R2D, the current number of repetitions of the R2D information can be indicated by H bits in the control information, where H is greater than or equal to 1.

[0478] For example, one bit in the control information can be used to indicate whether the R2D information is the last transmission. For instance, if the value of that one bit is 1, it indicates that the R2D information is the last transmission.

[0479] Method 2: The R2D information includes a pilot sequence that indicates one or more of the following: R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of times R2D is repeated, the repetition mode of R2D, and the repetition level.

[0480] Further optionally, the pilot sequence may also indicate whether the R2D information is the last transmission and / or the current repetition number of the R2D information.

[0481] The pilot sequence code pattern can indicate one or more of the following: R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of R2D repetitions, the R2D repetition mode, the repetition level, whether the R2D information is the last transmission, and the current repetition count of the R2D information. In other words, the pilot sequence code pattern is associated with one or more of these factors. For example, if the pilot sequence code pattern is associated with the R2D repetition count, and the pilot sequence consists of 6 bits, then if the code pattern is all 1s (i.e., the pilot sequence is 111111), it indicates that the R2D repetition count is 5 times. If the code pattern is 111110, it indicates that the R2D repetition count is 4 times. If the code pattern is 111100, it indicates that the R2D repetition count is 3 times.

[0482] The pilot sequence can be one or more of a preamble, introductory code, or postamble. That is, one of the pilot sequences in the preamble, introductory code, or postamble can be used to indicate one or more of the following: R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of times R2D is repeated, the repetition mode of R2D, and the repetition level. Alternatively, multiple pilot sequences in the preamble, introductory code, or postamble can be used together to indicate one or more of the following: R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of times R2D is repeated, the repetition mode of R2D, and the repetition level. For example, the preamble indicates that R2D uses repeated transmission, and the postamble indicates one or more of the following: the number of times R2D is repeated, the repetition mode of R2D, and the repetition level.

[0483] In this application's embodiments, the R2D information can be a disk save command, for example, it can be... Figure 3 The query message and the second-step message in the embodiment of this application. The R2D information can be a command, for example, it can be a query message and a second-step message. Figure 4 The access command in the text.

[0484] Please refer to Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating another information transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 8 As shown, the information transmission method of this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0485] 801, the first network node sends the first command to the second network node.

[0486] The first command can be used to instruct the second network node to send R2D information to the A-IoT device. The first command can instruct at least one of the following:

[0487] 1. R2D information; Specifically, the first network node will send the R2D information to be sent to the second network node.

[0488] 2. Identification of A-IoT devices; Specifically, the first network node will send the identification of the A-IoT device that receives the R2D information to the second network node so that the second network node can determine which A-IoT device needs to send the R2D information to.

[0489] 3. Time-frequency resources for transmitting R2D information; where the time-frequency resources for transmitting R2D information can refer to the time-frequency resources on which the first network node and / or the second network node transmit R2D information. For example, if the first network node indicates to the second network node the time-frequency resources on which it transmits R2D information, then the second network node can transmit R2D information on the same time-frequency resources / same time-domain resources as the first network node, or the second network node can transmit R2D information on different time-domain resources / different time-frequency resources than the first network node, i.e., avoiding the time-domain resources / time-frequency resources on which the first network node transmits R2D information. As another example, the first network node can indicate to the second network node the time-frequency resources on which it transmits R2D information, and the second network node can transmit R2D information on the time-frequency resources indicated by the first network node, thus enabling the first network node to allocate time-frequency resources for transmitting R2D information to the second network node.

[0490] 4. Number of times the second network node sends R2D information. The first network node can instruct the second network node to resend the R2D information a certain number of times. Optionally, the first network node can also instruct the second network node whether to resend the R2D information.

[0491] The first network node can send the first command directly to the second network node, or the first network node can send the first command indirectly to the second network node through the third network node.

[0492] The following provides an exemplary illustration of the existence of the first and second network nodes:

[0493] Example 1: Both the first network node and the second network node can be base stations, as shown in the following example. Figure 9 As shown in (a), the first network node sends a first command to the second network node, which instructs the second network node to send R2D information. The first network node and the second network node then send R2D information to the A-IoT device.

[0494] Example 2: The first network node can be a base station, and the second network node can be a terminal device, specifically as follows: Figure 9As shown in (b), the first network node sends a first command to the second network node, which instructs the second network node to send R2D information. This first command can be carried in Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control-Control Element (MAC CE), Semi-Persistent Scheduling (SPS), or Downlink Control Information (DCI). For example, the DCI can be a scheduling DCI, with corresponding DCI formats such as DCI format 1-0, 1-1, 1-2, etc.

[0495] Understandable, Figure 9 In case (b), the first network node can be a terminal device, and the second network node can be a base station. The first network node sends a first command to the second network node. The first command can carry configuration grant (CG) and uplink control information (UCI). For example, the UCI can be a scheduling UCI, and the corresponding UCI format is UCI format 0-0, 0-1, 0-2, etc.

[0496] Example 3: The first network node and the second network node can both be terminal devices, and the first network node and the second network node are terminal devices within the coverage area of ​​the same base station, specifically as follows: Figure 9 As shown in (c), the first network node can send a first command to the second network node through the third network node. Figure 9 In the middle (c), the third network node is the base station.

[0497] The first command sent by the first network node to the third network node can be carried in CG or UCI. The first command sent by the third network node to the second network node can be carried in one of the following: RRC signaling, MAC CE, SPS, or DCI.

[0498] Example 4: Both the first network node and the second network node can be terminal devices, and the first network node and the second network node are terminal devices within the coverage area of ​​different base station devices. Specifically, as follows... Figure 9 As shown in (d), the first network node can send the first command to the base station equipment to which the first network node belongs, the base station to which the first network node belongs will send the first command to the base station equipment to which the second network node belongs, and the base station equipment to which the second network node belongs will then send the first command to the second network node.

[0499] 802. The first network node sends R2D information to the A-IoT device. Correspondingly, the A-IoT device receives the R2D information sent by the first network node.

[0500] 803. The second network node sends R2D information to the A-IoT device. Correspondingly, the A-IoT device receives the R2D information sent by the second network node.

[0501] A-IoT devices can receive R2D information from at least two network nodes, and the R2D information from at least two network nodes must be identical. Figure 8 The example used is A-IoT devices receiving R2D information from a first network node and a second network node.

[0502] The following examples illustrate the resources consumed by the R2D information sent by the first network node and the R2D information sent by the second network node:

[0503] Case 1: The time domain resources for the first network node to send R2D information are the same as those for the second network node to send R2D information.

[0504] In one implementation, the frequency domain resources for transmitting R2D information by the first network node are the same as those for transmitting R2D information by the second network node. That is, the time-frequency resources for transmitting R2D information by the first network node are the same as those for transmitting R2D information by the second network node. Figure 10 As shown in (a), the first network node and the second network node transmit the same R2D information on the same time-frequency resources, thereby enhancing the signal energy.

[0505] In another implementation, the frequency domain resources used by the first network node to send R2D information are different from those used by the second network node to send R2D information. That is, as... Figure 10 As shown in (b), the first network node and the second network node transmit R2D information on the same time domain resources but different frequency domain resources, thereby realizing frequency division multiplexing (FDM) transmission of R2D information. Repeated transmission of R2D information can also be achieved by transmitting R2D information via FDM.

[0506] Case 2: The time domain resources for the first network node to send R2D information are different from those for the second network node to send R2D information.

[0507] In one implementation, the frequency domain resources used by the first network node to transmit R2D information are the same as those used by the second network node to transmit R2D information. That is, the first and second network nodes transmit R2D information using different time domain resources but the same frequency domain resources. Figure 10 As shown in (c), this application provides an example of the time-frequency resources occupied by the R2D information sent by the first network node and the time-frequency resources occupied by the R2D information sent by the second network node.

[0508] Another implementation involves using different frequency domain resources for the first network node to send R2D information compared to the second network node. In other words, the first and second network nodes send R2D information using different time domain resources and different frequency domain resources. Figure 10 As shown in (d), this is an example of the time-frequency resources occupied by the R2D information sent by the first network node and the R2D information sent by the second network node provided in this application.

[0509] In this embodiment, at least two network nodes send the same R2D information to the same A-IoT device, thereby enabling repeated transmission of R2D information, improving the reception quality of R2D information, and achieving coverage enhancement.

[0510] Please see Figure 11 , Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application. The communication device is applied to an A-IoT device. For example, the communication device can be an A-IoT device or a device within an A-IoT device, such as a chip or chip module within the A-IoT device, or a device that can be used in conjunction with an A-IoT device. Figure 11 The communication device 1100 shown may include an acquisition unit 1110 and a transceiver unit 1120, wherein the acquisition unit 1110 is an optional unit.

[0511] The transceiver unit 1120 is used to send D2R information based on the number of times the D2R is repeated and / or the repetition mode of the D2R.

[0512] In one possible implementation, the communication device further includes an acquisition unit 1110;

[0513] The acquisition unit 1110 is used to acquire the number of repetitions of D2R and / or the repetition mode of D2R.

[0514] In one possible implementation, the acquisition unit 1110 is specifically used for:

[0515] Get the repeat level;

[0516] Based on the repetition level, determine the number of repetitions of the D2R and / or the repetition pattern of the D2R.

[0517] In one possible implementation, the acquisition unit 1110 is specifically used for:

[0518] The repetition level is determined based on one or more of the following: the location of the D2R information transmitting device, the device type of the D2R information transmitting device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal.

[0519] In one possible implementation, the D2R information indicates one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times the D2R is repeated, the repetition method of the D2R, and the current number of times the D2R information is repeated.

[0520] In one possible implementation, the D2R information includes control information indicating one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of repetitions of the D2R, the repetition mode of the D2R, and the current number of repetitions of the D2R information; or...

[0521] The D2R information includes a pilot sequence, which indicates one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times the D2R is repeated, the repetition mode of the D2R, and the current number of repetitions of the D2R information.

[0522] In one possible implementation, the pilot sequence indicates one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times the D2R is repeated, the repetition mode of the D2R, and the current number of times the D2R information is repeated:

[0523] The pilot sequence code pattern is associated with one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times D2R is repeated, the repetition mode of D2R, and the current number of times D2R information is repeated; the pilot sequence is one or more of the following: preamble, introductory code, or postamble.

[0524] In one possible implementation, the transceiver unit 1120 is further configured to receive R2D information, the R2D information indicating that D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times the D2R is repeated, the repetition mode of the D2R, and the repetition level, or one or more of these.

[0525] In one possible implementation, the transceiver unit 1120 is further configured to perform D2R transmission based on a new number of D2R repetitions if no feedback information is received after sending the D2R information based on the number of D2R repetitions, wherein the new number of D2R repetitions is greater than the number of D2R repetitions.

[0526] In one possible implementation, the number of repetitions of the D2R and the number of repetitions of the new D2R both correspond to the same repetition level; and / or, the number of repetitions of the D2R and the number of repetitions of the new D2R are both no greater than the maximum number of repetitions.

[0527] In one possible implementation, the CRC used for each transmission based on the number of D2R repetitions and / or the repetition pattern of the D2R is the same; or,

[0528] The first transmission based on the number of D2R repetitions and / or the D2R repetition pattern uses CRC, while subsequent transmissions do not use CRC.

[0529] In one possible implementation, the transceiver unit 1120 is specifically used for:

[0530] Based on the number of repetitions of the D2R and / or the repetition mode of the D2R, the D2R information is transmitted on N frequency domain resources respectively, where N is less than or equal to the number of repetitions of the D2R.

[0531] about Figure 11 For a detailed description of the specific implementation, please refer to the description of the foregoing method implementation, which will not be repeated here.

[0532] Reuse Figure 11 The communication device is applied to a network node. For example, the communication device can be a network node or a device in the network node, such as a chip or chip module in the network node, or a device that can be matched and used with the network node. Figure 11 The communication device 1100 shown may include an acquisition unit 1110 and a transceiver unit 1120, wherein the acquisition unit 1110 is an optional unit.

[0533] The transceiver unit 1120 is used to receive D2R information based on the number of repetitions and / or the repetition mode of D2R.

[0534] In one possible implementation, the communication device further includes an acquisition unit 1110;

[0535] The acquisition unit 1110 is used to acquire the number of repetitions of D2R and / or the repetition pattern of D2R;

[0536] In one possible implementation, the D2R information indicates one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times the D2R is repeated, the repetition method of the D2R, and the current number of times the D2R information is repeated.

[0537] In one possible implementation, the D2R information includes D2R control information, which instructs D2R to employ repeated transmissions, the number of repetitions of the D2R, the repetition mode of the D2R, and one or more of the current repetition count of the D2R information; or...

[0538] The D2R information includes a pilot sequence, which indicates one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times the D2R is repeated, the repetition mode of the D2R, and the current number of repetitions of the D2R information.

[0539] In one possible implementation, the pilot sequence indicates one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times the D2R is repeated, the repetition mode of the D2R, and the current number of times the D2R information is repeated:

[0540] The pilot sequence code pattern is associated with one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times D2R is repeated, the repetition mode of D2R, and the current number of times D2R information is repeated; the pilot sequence is one or more of the following: preamble, introductory code, or postamble.

[0541] In one possible implementation, the transceiver unit 1120 is further configured to send R2D information, the R2D information indicating that D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times the D2R is repeated, the repetition mode of the D2R, and the repetition level, or one or more of these.

[0542] In one possible implementation, the acquisition unit 1110 is further configured to determine the repetition level based on one or more of the following: the location of the D2R information transmitting device, the device type of the D2R information transmitting device, or the measurement result of the D2R signal.

[0543] In one possible implementation, the transceiver unit 1120 is specifically used for:

[0544] Based on the number of repetitions of the D2R and / or the repetition mode of the D2R, the D2R information is received on N frequency domain resources respectively, where N is less than or equal to the number of repetitions of the D2R.

[0545] about Figure 11 For a detailed description of the specific implementation, please refer to the description of the foregoing method implementation, which will not be repeated here.

[0546] Reuse Figure 11 The communication device is applied to A-IoT devices. For example, the communication device can be an A-IoT device or a device in an A-IoT device, such as a chip or chip module in the A-IoT device, or a device that can be used in conjunction with an A-IoT device. Figure 11 The communication device 1100 shown may include an acquisition unit 1110 and a transceiver unit 1120, wherein the acquisition unit 1110 is an optional unit.

[0547] The transceiver unit 1120 is used to send R2D information based on the number of repetitions and / or the repetition mode of R2D.

[0548] In one possible implementation, the communication device further includes an acquisition unit 1110;

[0549] The acquisition unit 1110 is used to acquire the number of times the reader-to-device R2D is repeated and / or the repeating method of the R2D.

[0550] In one possible implementation, the acquisition unit 1110 is specifically used for:

[0551] Get the repeat level;

[0552] Based on the repetition level, determine the number of repetitions of the R2D and / or the repetition pattern of the R2D.

[0553] In one possible implementation, the acquisition unit 1110 is specifically used for:

[0554] The repetition level is determined based on one or more of the following: the location of the receiving device for the R2D information, the device type of the receiving device for the R2D information, or the measurement results of the D2R signal.

[0555] In one possible implementation, the R2D information indicates one or more of the following: R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of times the R2D is repeated, the repetition method of the R2D, and the current number of repetitions of the R2D information.

[0556] In one possible implementation, the R2D information includes control information indicating one or more of the following: R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of times the R2D is repeated, the repetition mode of the R2D, and the current number of repetitions of the R2D information; or...

[0557] The R2D information includes a pilot sequence, which indicates one or more of the following: R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of times the R2D is repeated, the repetition mode of the R2D, and the current number of times the R2D information is repeated.

[0558] In one possible implementation, the pilot sequence indicates one or more of the following: R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of times the R2D is repeated, the repetition mode of the R2D, and the current number of times the R2D information is repeated, including:

[0559] The pilot sequence code pattern is associated with one or more of the following: R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of times the R2D is repeated, the repetition mode of the R2D, and the current number of times the R2D information is repeated; the pilot sequence is one or more of the following: preamble, introductory code, or postamble.

[0560] In one possible implementation, the transceiver unit 1120 is further used for:

[0561] If no feedback is received after sending the R2D information based on the number of times the R2D is repeated, then R2D transmission is performed based on a new number of times the R2D is repeated, wherein the new number of times the R2D is repeated is greater than the number of times the R2D is repeated.

[0562] In one possible implementation, the number of repetitions of the R2D and the number of repetitions of the new R2D both correspond to the same repetition level; and / or, the number of repetitions of the R2D and the number of repetitions of the new R2D are both no greater than the maximum number of repetitions.

[0563] In one possible implementation, the CRC used for each transmission based on the number of repetitions of the R2D and / or the repetition pattern of the R2D is the same; or,

[0564] The first transmission based on the number of repetitions of the R2D and / or the repetition pattern of the R2D uses CRC, while subsequent transmissions do not use CRC.

[0565] Reuse Figure 11 The communication device is applied to a network node. For example, the communication device can be a network node or a device in the network node, such as a chip or chip module in the network node, or a device that can be matched and used with the network node. Figure 11 The communication device 1100 shown may include an acquisition unit 1110 and a transceiver unit 1120, wherein the acquisition unit 1110 is an optional unit.

[0566] The transceiver unit 1120 is used to receive R2D information based on the number of repetitions and / or the repetition mode of R2D.

[0567] In one possible implementation, the acquisition unit 1110 is used to acquire the number of repetitions of R2D and / or the repetition pattern of R2D.

[0568] In one possible implementation, the R2D information indicates one or more of the following: R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of times the R2D is repeated, the repetition method of the R2D, and the current number of repetitions of the R2D information.

[0569] In one possible implementation, the R2D information includes control information indicating one or more of the following: R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of times the R2D is repeated, the repetition mode of the R2D, and the current number of repetitions of the R2D information; or...

[0570] The R2D information includes a pilot sequence, which indicates one or more of the following: R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of times the R2D is repeated, the repetition mode of the R2D, and the current number of times the R2D information is repeated.

[0571] In one possible implementation, the pilot sequence indicates one or more of the following: R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of times the R2D is repeated, the repetition mode of the R2D, and the current number of times the R2D information is repeated, including:

[0572] The pilot sequence code pattern is associated with one or more of the following: R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of times the R2D is repeated, the repetition mode of the R2D, and the current number of times the R2D information is repeated; the pilot sequence is one or more of the following: preamble, introductory code, or postamble.

[0573] In one possible implementation, the CRC used for each transmission based on the number of repetitions of the R2D and / or the repetition pattern of the R2D is the same; or,

[0574] The first transmission based on the number of repetitions of the R2D and / or the repetition pattern of the R2D uses CRC, while subsequent transmissions do not use CRC.

[0575] Please refer to Figure 12 The communication device is applied to A-IoT devices. For example, the communication device can be an A-IoT device or a device in an A-IoT device, such as a chip or chip module in the A-IoT device, or a device that can be used in conjunction with an A-IoT device. Figure 12 The communication device 1200 shown may include a transceiver unit 1210, wherein:

[0576] The transceiver unit 1210 is used to receive reader-to-device R2D information from at least two network nodes, wherein the R2D information from the at least two network nodes is identical.

[0577] In one possible implementation, R2D information from the at least two network nodes occupies the same time-domain resources.

[0578] In one possible implementation, R2D information from different network nodes occupies different time-domain resources in the time domain.

[0579] Reuse Figure 12 The communication device is applied to the first network node. For example, the communication device can be the first network node or a device in the first network node, such as a chip or chip module in the first network node, or a device that can be matched and used with the first network node. Figure 12The communication device 1200 shown may include a transceiver unit 1210, wherein:

[0580] The transceiver unit 1210 is used to send a first command to the second network node, the first command being used to instruct the second network node to send reader-to-device R2D information to the A-IoT device;

[0581] The transceiver unit 1210 is also used to send the R2D information to the A-IoT device.

[0582] In one possible implementation, the first command indicates at least one of the following: the R2D information, the identifier of the A-IoT device, the time-frequency resources for transmitting the R2D information, and the number of times the second network node transmits the R2D information.

[0583] In one possible implementation, the time-domain resources used by the first network node to send the R2D information are the same as those used by the second network node to send the R2D information.

[0584] In one possible implementation, the time-domain resources used by the first network node to send the R2D information are different from those used by the second network node to send the R2D information.

[0585] In one possible implementation, the first command is carried in one of the following: RRC signaling, Media Access Control-Control Element (MAC) CE, Configuration Authorization (CG), Downlink Control Information (DCI), and Uplink Control Information (UCI).

[0586] Please see Figure 13 , Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application, used to implement the functions of a network node in the above method embodiments, or to implement the functions of an A-IoT device in the above method embodiments. The communication device 1300 can be a network node or a device for a network node. The device for a network node can be a chip system or a chip within the network node. The communication device can also be an A-IoT device or a device for an A-IoT device. The device for an A-IoT device can be a chip system or a chip within the A-IoT device. The chip system can be composed of chips, or it can include chips and other discrete components.

[0587] The communication device 1300 includes at least one processor 1320 for implementing the data processing functions of the network node or A-IoT device in the method provided in this application embodiment. The communication device 1300 may also include a communication interface 1310 for implementing the transmit and receive operations of the network node or A-IoT device in the method provided in this application embodiment. In this application embodiment, the processor 1320 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or it may be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. In this application embodiment, the communication interface 1310 may be a transceiver, circuit, bus, module, or other type of communication interface for communicating with other devices via a transmission medium. For example, the communication interface 1310 enables the communication device 1300 to communicate with other devices. The processor 1320 uses the communication interface 1310 to send and receive data, and is used to implement the method described in the above method embodiments.

[0588] The communication device 1300 may further include at least one memory 1330 for storing program instructions and / or data. The memory 1330 is coupled to the processor 1320. The coupling in this embodiment is an indirect coupling or communication connection between devices, units, or modules, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms, used for information exchange between devices, units, or modules. The processor 1320 may operate in conjunction with the memory 1330. The processor 1320 may execute program instructions stored in the memory 1330. At least one of the at least one memories may be included in the processor.

[0589] When the communication device 1300 is powered on, the processor 1320 can read the software program in the memory 1330, interpret and execute the instructions of the software program, and process the data of the software program. When it is necessary to transmit data wirelessly, the processor 1320 performs baseband processing on the data to be transmitted and outputs the baseband signal to the radio frequency circuit. Figure 13(Not shown) The radio frequency (RF) circuit processes the baseband signal and then transmits the RF signal outward as electromagnetic waves through the antenna. When data is sent to the communication device 1300, the RF circuit receives the RF signal through the antenna, converts the RF signal into a baseband signal, and outputs the baseband signal to the processor 1320. The processor 1320 converts the baseband signal into data and processes the data.

[0590] In another implementation, the radio frequency circuitry and antenna can be set up independently of the processor 1320 that performs baseband processing. For example, in a distributed scenario, the radio frequency circuitry and antenna can be arranged remotely, independent of the device.

[0591] This application embodiment does not limit the specific connection medium between the communication interface 1310, processor 1320, and memory 1330. This application embodiment... Figure 13 The memory 1330, processor 1320, and communication interface 1310 are connected via a bus 1340. Figure 13 The connections between other components are shown in bold and are for illustrative purposes only, not as limiting information. The bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, Figure 13 The bus is represented by a single thick line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0592] When the communication device 1300 is specifically used as a network node, such as when the communication device 1300 is specifically a chip or chip system, the communication interface 1310 can output or receive baseband signals. When the communication device 1300 is specifically an A-IoT device, the communication interface 1310 can output or receive radio frequency signals.

[0593] It should be noted that the device can perform the relevant steps of the network node or A-IoT device in the aforementioned method embodiments. For details, please refer to the implementation methods provided in the above steps, which will not be repeated here.

[0594] For each device or product applied to or integrated into a device, each of its modules can be implemented using hardware such as circuits. Different modules can be located in the same component (e.g., chip, circuit module, etc.) or different components within a network node. Alternatively, at least some modules can be implemented using software programs that run on a processor integrated within the network node, while the remaining (if any) modules can be implemented using hardware such as circuits.

[0595] The aforementioned memory can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both. Non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which serves as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of random access memory (RAM) are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous linked dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM).

[0596] This application provides a chip. The chip includes a processor, and optionally, a memory. The number of processors and the number of memories can be one or more. The processor can execute the methods shown in the above-described method embodiments and the steps performed in related implementations by reading instructions and data stored in the memory.

[0597] like Figure 14 As shown, Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a module device provided in an embodiment of this application. The module device 1400 can perform the relevant steps of the network node in the aforementioned method embodiment, or the module device 1400 can perform the relevant steps of the A-IoT device in the aforementioned method embodiment.

[0598] The module device 1400 includes a communication module 1410, a power module 1420, a storage module 1430, and a chip module 1440. The power module 1420 provides power to the module device; the storage module 1430 stores data and / or instructions; the communication module 1410 communicates with external devices; and the chip module 1440 retrieves the data and / or instructions stored in the storage module 1430. Combined with the communication module 1410, the method described in the above embodiments and the steps performed in related implementations can be executed.

[0599] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which includes program instructions. When an electronic device executes the program instructions, it implements the steps performed by the network node in the method shown in the above method embodiments, or the steps performed by the A-IoT device in the method shown in the above method embodiments.

[0600] The computer-readable storage medium can be an internal storage unit of the network node or A-IoT device described in any of the foregoing embodiments, such as the device's hard drive or memory. The computer-readable storage medium can also be an external storage device of the network node or A-IoT device, such as a plug-in hard drive, smart media card (SMC), secure digital (SD) card, flash card, etc., equipped on the device. Further, the computer-readable storage medium can include both internal storage units and external storage devices of the network node or A-IoT device. The computer-readable storage medium is used to store the computer program and other programs and data required by the network node or A-IoT device. The computer-readable storage medium can also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that includes one or more sets of available media. The available media can be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard drives, magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., high-density digital video discs (DVDs)), or semiconductor media. Semiconductor media can be solid-state drives.

[0601] Regarding the modules / units included in the various devices and products described in the above embodiments, they can be software modules / units, hardware modules / units, or a combination of both. For example, for devices and products applied to or integrated into a chip, all modules / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits, or at least some modules / units can be implemented using software programs that run on a processor integrated within the chip, while the remaining (if any) modules / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits. For devices and products applied to or integrated into a chip module, all modules / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits. Different modules / units can be located in the same component (e.g., chip, circuit module, etc.) or different components of the chip module, or at least some modules / units can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits. The implementation can be done through software programs running on a processor integrated within the chip module. The remaining modules / units (if any) can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits. For various devices and products applied to or integrated into data acquisition nodes, each module / unit can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits. Different modules / units can be located in the same component (e.g., chip, circuit module, etc.) or different components within the terminal device. Alternatively, at least some modules / units can be implemented through software programs running on a processor integrated within the data acquisition node, while the remaining modules / units (if any) can be implemented using hardware methods such as circuits.

[0602] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions or computer programs. When the computer instructions or computer program are loaded or executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired or wireless means.

[0603] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of this application, the order of the above-mentioned processes does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0604] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed methods, apparatuses, and systems can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for example, the division of units is merely a logical functional division, and other division methods may exist in actual implementation; for example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0605] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0606] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can be physically comprised separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit described above can be implemented in hardware or in the form of hardware plus software functional units.

[0607] The integrated unit implemented as a software functional unit described above can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. This software functional unit, stored in a storage medium, includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a gateway node, etc.) to execute some steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention.

[0608] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. The storage medium can be a magnetic disk, optical disk, read-only memory (ROM), or random access memory (RAM), etc.

[0609] The above-disclosed embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of this application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes for implementing the above embodiments and equivalent variations made in accordance with the claims of this application are still within the scope of this application.

[0610] Example 1: An information transmission method, the method comprising:

[0611] Obtain the number of times the reader-to-device R2D is repeated and / or the repeating method of the R2D;

[0612] Based on the number of times the R2D is repeated and / or the repetition pattern of the R2D, the R2D information is sent.

[0613] Example 2: Based on the method described in Example 1, obtaining the number of repetitions of reader-to-device R2D and / or the repetition pattern of R2D includes:

[0614] Get the repeat level;

[0615] Based on the repetition level, determine the number of repetitions of the R2D and / or the repetition pattern of the R2D.

[0616] Example 3: Based on the method described in Example 2, the step of obtaining the repetition level includes:

[0617] The repetition level is determined based on one or more of the following: the location of the receiving device for the R2D information, the device type of the receiving device for the R2D information, or the measurement results of the D2R signal.

[0618] Example 4: The method described in any one of Examples 1 to 3, wherein the R2D information indicates that the R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of times the R2D is repeated, the repetition mode of the R2D, and the current number of times the R2D information is repeated.

[0619] Example 5: Based on the method described in Example 4, the R2D information includes control information, which indicates that the R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of times the R2D is repeated, the repetition mode of the R2D, and the current number of repetitions of the R2D information, or...

[0620] The R2D information includes a pilot sequence, which indicates one or more of the following: R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of times the R2D is repeated, the repetition mode of the R2D, and the current number of times the R2D information is repeated.

[0621] Example 6: Based on the method described in Example 5, the pilot sequence indicates that R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of repetitions of the R2D, the repetition mode of the R2D, and the current number of repetitions of the R2D information, or one or more of these, including:

[0622] The pilot sequence code pattern is associated with one or more of the following: R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of times the R2D is repeated, the repetition mode of the R2D, and the current number of times the R2D information is repeated; the pilot sequence is one or more of the following: preamble, introductory code, or postamble.

[0623] Example 7: Based on the method described in Example 1, the method further includes:

[0624] If no feedback is received after sending the R2D information based on the number of times the R2D is repeated, then R2D transmission is performed based on a new number of times the R2D is repeated, wherein the new number of times the R2D is repeated is greater than the number of times the R2D is repeated.

[0625] Example 8: Based on the method described in Example 7, the number of repetitions of the R2D and the number of repetitions of the new R2D both correspond to the same repetition level; and / or, the number of repetitions of the R2D and the number of repetitions of the new R2D are both not greater than the maximum number of repetitions.

[0626] Example 9: Based on the method described in Example 1, the CRC used for each transmission based on the number of repetitions of the R2D and / or the repetition pattern of the R2D is the same; or,

[0627] The first transmission based on the number of repetitions of the R2D and / or the repetition pattern of the R2D uses CRC, while subsequent transmissions do not use CRC.

[0628] Example 10: An information transmission method, the method comprising:

[0629] Get the number of repetitions and / or the repetition pattern of R2D;

[0630] The R2D information is received based on the number of times the R2D is repeated and / or the repetition pattern of the R2D.

[0631] Example 11: Based on the method described in Example 10, the R2D information indicates that the R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of times the R2D is repeated, the repetition mode of the R2D, and the current number of times the R2D information is repeated.

[0632] Example 12: Based on the method described in Example 11, the R2D information includes control information, which indicates that the R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of times the R2D is repeated, the repetition mode of the R2D, and the current number of times the R2D information is repeated; or,

[0633] The R2D information includes a pilot sequence, which indicates one or more of the following: R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of times the R2D is repeated, the repetition mode of the R2D, and the current number of times the R2D information is repeated.

[0634] Example 13: Based on the method described in Example 12, the pilot sequence indicates that R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of repetitions of the R2D, the repetition mode of the R2D, and the current number of repetitions of the R2D information, or one or more of these, including:

[0635] The pilot sequence code pattern is associated with one or more of the following: R2D uses repeated transmission, the number of times the R2D is repeated, the repetition mode of the R2D, and the current number of times the R2D information is repeated; the pilot sequence is one or more of the following: preamble, introductory code, or postamble.

[0636] Example 14: Based on the method described in Example 10, the CRC used for each transmission based on the number of repetitions of the R2D and / or the repetition pattern of the R2D is the same; or,

[0637] The first transmission based on the number of repetitions of the R2D and / or the repetition pattern of the R2D uses CRC, while subsequent transmissions do not use CRC.

[0638] Example 15: An information transmission method, comprising:

[0639] Receive reader-to-device R2D information from at least two network nodes, wherein the R2D information from the at least two network nodes is identical.

[0640] Example 16: Based on the method described in Example 15, the R2D information from the at least two network nodes occupies the same time domain resources in the time domain.

[0641] Example 17: Based on the method described in Example 15, R2D information from different network nodes occupies different time-domain resources in the time domain.

[0642] Example 18: An information transmission method, applied to a first network node, comprising:

[0643] Send a first command to the second network node, the first command being used to instruct the second network node to send reader-to-device R2D information to the A-IoT device;

[0644] Send the R2D information to the A-IoT device.

[0645] Example 19: Based on the method described in Example 18, the first command indicates at least one of the following: the R2D information, the identifier of the A-IoT device, the time-frequency resources for sending the R2D information, and the number of times the second network node sends the R2D information.

[0646] Example 20: Based on the method described in Example 18 or 19, the time-domain resources for the first network node to send the R2D information are the same as the time-domain resources for the second network node to send the R2D information.

[0647] Example 21: Based on the method described in Example 18 or 19, the time-domain resources for the first network node to send the R2D information are different from the time-domain resources for the second network node to send the R2D information.

[0648] Example 22: The method based on Example 18, wherein the first command carries one of the following: RRC signaling, Media Access Control - Control Element (MAC) CE, Configuration Authorization (CG), Downlink Control Information (DCI), and Uplink Control Information (UCI).

Claims

1. An information transmission method, characterized in that, The method includes: D2R information is sent based on the number of times D2R is repeated from device to reader and / or the repetition method of D2R.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Obtain the number of repetitions of the D2R and / or the repetition pattern of the D2R.

3. The method as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The step of obtaining the number of repetitions of the D2R and / or the repetition method of the D2R includes: Get the repeat level; Based on the repetition level, determine the number of repetitions of the D2R and / or the repetition pattern of the D2R.

4. The method as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the repetition level includes: The repetition level is determined based on one or more of the following: the location of the D2R information transmitting device, the device type of the D2R information transmitting device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The D2R information indicates one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times the D2R is repeated, the repetition method of the D2R, and the current number of repetitions of the D2R information.

6. The method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The D2R information includes control information, which indicates one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times the D2R is repeated, the repetition mode of the D2R, and the current number of repetitions of the D2R information; or... The D2R information includes a pilot sequence, which indicates one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times the D2R is repeated, the repetition mode of the D2R, and the current number of repetitions of the D2R information.

7. The method as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The pilot sequence indicates that D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times D2R is repeated, the repetition mode of D2R, and the current number of times the D2R information is repeated, including one or more of the following: The pilot sequence code pattern is associated with one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times D2R is repeated, the repetition mode of D2R, and the current number of times D2R information is repeated; the pilot sequence is one or more of the following: preamble, introductory code, or postamble.

8. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive R2D information, wherein the R2D information indicates one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times the D2R is repeated, the repetition mode of the D2R, and the repetition level.

9. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: If no feedback is received after sending the D2R information based on the D2R repetition count, then D2R transmission is performed based on a new D2R repetition count, wherein the new D2R repetition count is greater than the original D2R repetition count.

10. The method as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The number of repetitions of the D2R and the number of repetitions of the new D2R both correspond to the same repetition level; and / or, the number of repetitions of the D2R and the number of repetitions of the new D2R are both no greater than the maximum number of repetitions.

11. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The CRC used in each transmission based on the number of repetitions of the D2R and / or the repetition pattern of the D2R is the same; or, The first transmission based on the number of D2R repetitions and / or the D2R repetition pattern uses CRC, while subsequent transmissions do not use CRC.

12. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sending of D2R information based on the number of device-to-reader (D2R) repetitions and / or the D2R repetition method includes: Based on the number of repetitions of the D2R and / or the repetition mode of the D2R, the D2R information is transmitted on N frequency domain resources respectively, where N is less than or equal to the number of repetitions of the D2R.

13. An information transmission method, characterized in that, The method includes: D2R information is received based on the number of times D2R is repeated from the device to the reader and / or the repetition method of D2R.

14. The method as described in claim 13, characterized in that, The method further includes: Obtain the number of repetitions of the D2R and / or the repetition pattern of the D2R.

15. The method as described in claim 13, characterized in that, The D2R information indicates one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times the D2R is repeated, the repetition method of the D2R, and the current number of repetitions of the D2R information.

16. The method as described in claim 15, characterized in that, The D2R information includes D2R control information, which indicates one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times the D2R is repeated, the repetition mode of the D2R, and the current number of repetitions of the D2R information; or... The D2R information includes a pilot sequence, which indicates one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times the D2R is repeated, the repetition mode of the D2R, and the current number of repetitions of the D2R information.

17. The method as described in claim 16, characterized in that, The pilot sequence indicates that D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times D2R is repeated, the repetition mode of D2R, and the current number of times the D2R information is repeated, including one or more of the following: The pilot sequence code pattern is associated with one or more of the following: D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times D2R is repeated, the repetition mode of D2R, and the current number of times D2R information is repeated; the pilot sequence is one or more of the following: preamble, introductory code, or postamble.

18. The method as described in claim 13, characterized in that, The method further includes: Send R2D information, which indicates that D2R uses repeated transmission, the number of times D2R is repeated, the repetition mode of D2R, and the repetition level, or one or more of these.

19. The method as described in claim 18, characterized in that, The method further includes: The repetition level is determined based on one or more of the following: the location of the D2R information transmitting device, the device type of the D2R information transmitting device, or the measurement results of the D2R signal.

20. The method as described in claim 13, characterized in that, The D2R-based repetition count and / or D2R repetition mode, receiving D2R information, includes: Based on the number of repetitions of the D2R and / or the repetition mode of the D2R, the D2R information is received on N frequency domain resources respectively, where N is less than or equal to the number of repetitions of the D2R.

21. A communication device, characterized in that, include: The transceiver unit is used to send D2R information based on the number of times the device-to-reader D2R is repeated and / or the repetition method of D2R.

22. A communication device, characterized in that, include: The transceiver unit is used to receive D2R information based on the number of times the device-to-reader D2R is repeated and / or the repetition mode of the D2R.

23. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device includes a processor and a memory, which are interconnected. The memory stores a computer program, which includes program instructions. The processor invokes the program instructions to execute the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 12, or to execute the method as described in any one of claims 13 to 20.

24. A chip, characterized in that, The chip includes a processor and an interface, the processor and the interface being coupled; the interface is used to receive or output signals, and the processor is used to execute code instructions to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 12, or to perform the method as described in any one of claims 13 to 20.

25. A module device, characterized in that, The module device includes a communication module, a power module, a storage module, and a chip module, wherein: The power module is used to provide electrical energy to the module device; The storage module is used to store data and / or instructions; The communication module is used to communicate with external devices; The chip module is used to call the data and / or instructions stored in the storage module, and in conjunction with the communication module, to execute the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 12, or to execute the method as described in any one of claims 13 to 20.

26. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, the computer program including program instructions that, when executed by a computer, implement the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, or implement the method as claimed in any one of claims 13 to 20.

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